连淑能《英译汉教程》Translation of Proper Nouns and Technical Terms(专有名词和专门术语译法)

第15章Translation of Proper Nouns and Technical Terms（专有名词和专门术语

译法）

15.1 复习笔记

English proper nouns include names of persons, places, organizations ,newspapers, periodicals, radios, news agencies, books, films, etc. English technical terms include, broadly speaking, special words or expressions for things and ideas used in any branch of science and technology.

英语专有名词包括人名、地名、组织名、报纸名、期刊名、广播台名、通讯社名、书名、电影名等等。英语专有术语主要包括在技术科学、社会科学、自然科学等领域广泛运用的特殊词汇或特殊表达。

Many troubles arise in translating proper names and technical terms. Great confusion may come from.

在翻译专有名词和专有术语的时候会遇到一些棘手的问题，这些问题主要来源于：

1. Transliteration of proper names from English spelling or pronunciation;

对英语专有名词的发音直接进行音译；

2. Variation in the spoken sound of Chinese characters used in translated names;

汉语中部分汉字的发音有地域区别；

3. Large number of homonyms, homophones and homographs in Chinese;

汉语中有大量同音字、多音字和同形字；

4. Mixed use of old and new translated names.

新译法和旧译法的混合使用。

一、Transliteration（音译）

Proper nouns such as the names of persons and places of foreign countries are, as a rule , to be transliterated, i.e., to be translated by using Chinese characters to represent the sound in articulating these names.

通常情况下，外国的人名、地名等专有名词都采用音译的方法，即运用汉字的发音来代替原发音。

1. Follow the Original Pronunciation of Proper Names（名从主人）

Generally speaking, proper names should be transliterated directly from their original languages. this explains why some proper names are not transliterated from their English pronunciation. For example:

一般说来，专有名词应该根据原语言的发音来进行音译，所以有些词并不是根据其英文发音，而是根据其原发音来音译的。例如：

Paris (French) 巴黎(not transliterated from English as “帕里斯”)

Rome (Italian: Roma) 罗马(not transliterated from English as “罗姆”)

Germany (German: Deutsch) 德意志(not “哲默尼”as from English)

Some proper names, however, are transliterated from their English pronunciations. For example:

但是，还有些词是根据其英文发音来音译的。例如：

Moscow 莫斯科(not from Russian “Moskva”)

Warsaw 华沙(not from Polish “Warszawa”)

Prague 布拉格(not from Czechoslovakian “Praha”)

Many Japanese names are transliterated into English according to the Japanese pronunciation of the Chinese characters and are therefore quite different from what they ought to be in our pronunciation. In translation, Chinese characters “borrowed”by the Japanese should be “returned”to their original owner—Chinese.

许多日文名词是根据日文汉字的发音被音译成英文的，因而英文发音就不同于这些汉字本应有的汉语发音。在将其译成中文时，要将这些被日语借用的汉字的发音还原为汉语发音。

Tokyo 东京

Nagasaki 长崎

Yokohama 横滨

Hatoyama 鸠山

Hiroshima 广岛

Emiko 惠美子

The Chinese names of persons and places translated into English before January 1st, 1979 according to the Wade system, local dialects, or something else should be transliterated in line with the rules announced by China’s State Council. Translations like the following are not in use, though they sometimes can be found