澳门科技大学旅游研究方法期末复习资料

Tourism research

Fill in the blank 2*20 essay question 20*3 （3 out of 6）

1.Definition of the Descriptive Research P18

Descriptive research enables the researcher to describe the tourism phenomenon under study. It does not attempt to explain the reasons for the phenomenon. A considerable amount of tourism research findings are founded in this approach.

2.Pure research and applied research p15

●Pure research is sometimes referred to as basic research. It is research from

which theories, frameworks and models are constructed, pure or basic research advances our knowledge of the world. Pure research can also be undertaken to test existing theories in order to confirm modify or reject them. Pure research can be exploratory, descriptive, exploratory or causal in nature.

●Applied and basic researchers adopt different orientations toward research

methodologies. Basic researchers emphasize high scientific standards and try to conduct near-perfect research. Applied researchers made more trade-offs.

Applied research involves some element of application of the findings into

practice, whether that practice is planning, development, problem solving, issue identification, improvement of services, and amelioration of impacts or

comparison of pricing policies. Most tourism research is located in the applied research field.

3.How many steps are the Research process and Writing Process p23-25 RESEARCH:

●Identify the research topic,

●Develop the research design,

●Implement the research design,

●Report the findings

WRITING:

●Rehearsal (audience, purpose, topic, text type),

●Drafting,

●Revising,

●Proofing,

●Publishing oral and written genres.

4.What is the major ethical responsibility to self? Key types of misconduct? p112

●For the tourism researcher, ethical responsibilities are associated primarily with

the design, conduct and reporting of the research. There are three key issues that need to be considered: professional misconduct; power relations; and

politics.

●The key types of misconduct are research fraud (research falsification) and

plagiarism.

5.List research’s ethical responsibilities to, name a few p112

●Society,

●Sponsor

●Scientific community

●Participants

●Researcher

6.Codes of ethics usually entail the following key items: p99

●Voluntary participation by the individual

●Informed consent given by the participant after being provided with either oral

or written information about the research

●The right of the individual to refuse to answer any questions or perform any

actions

●The right of the participant not to be deceived regarding any aspect of research ●The tight of the participant not to be harmed during any stage of the research, as

well as after the research has concluded

●The right of the individual to have any personal information or data/empirical

materials treated as either confidential or anonymous as befits the

circumstances of the research

●The right of research participants to access the research findings.

7.Definition of population, sample size, sampling p137

●Population: a population comprises all the study subjects, participants (tourists,

visitors, hosts, family, friends, employees, managers) or study units (attractions, transport providers, accommodation facilities, pamphlets, news reports,

multimedia sites) that are the focus of the research project. Example: all five-star accommodation facilities in Australia.

●Sample: a sample is a selection of subjects or units from the overall population.

Example: all five-star accommodation facilities located in the central business district (CBD) in Melbourne, Victoria.

●Sampling: sampling is the means by which subjects or study units from the target

in this case, as the number of facilities would not be large, a saturation survey would be undertaken, that is all five-star facilities in the CBD would be included. Sample size:

Quantitative methodology: How large should a sample be?

Qualitative methodology: For how long do I collect data from participants?

Sample size is sometime responding to these questions, the following need to be considered: