语言学题库--选择题

语言学题库----选择题II. Multiple Choice1.Which of the following statements about language is NOT True?A. Language is a system.B. Language is symbolic.C. Animals also have languages.D. Language is arbitrary.2. A word is a symbol that _____________.A.is used by the same speech communityB.represents something else in the worldC.is both simple and complex in natureD.shows different ideas in different sounds3.Of the following sound combinations, only_______ is permissible according to thesequential rules in English.A. kiblB.bkilC. ilkbD.ilbk4.American English began with _________.A. Old EnglishB.Victorian EnglishC. Middle EnglishD.Elizabethan English5.The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a ___________ formula “S→NP + VP”.A. hierarchicalB. linearC. tree diagramD.vertical6. “Big” and “small” are a pair of ____________ opposites.A. complementaryB. gradableC. completeD.converse7. Predication analysis is a way to analyze _____________ meaning.A.phonemeB.wordC.phraseD.sentence8.Which of the following is NOT a factor that may influence second language acquisition ?A. Age.B.wordC.Motivation.D.Personality.9.Which pair of words is NOT a minimal pair?A.cat / batB. put / butC. jig / pigD.sit / bit10. According toSearle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called ___________ .A. commisivesB. directivesC. expressivesD. declaratives11.If two sounds are in complementary distribution, they are ________ of the same phoneme.A.symbolsB.allophonesC.phonesD.signs12. Which branch of study can NOT be included in the scope of Linguistics?A.Syntax.B.Pragmatics.C.Phonetics.D. Anthropology.13. Euphemism is a term of ________ origin.A. LatinB. GreekC. ArabicD. Spainish14. The distinction of language and parole is made by ___________ .A.HallB.SapirC. ChomskyD.Saussure15._____________ are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words.A.RootsB. StemsC.Affixespounds16._____________ is the study of the relationship between symbols and their interpreter.A.SyntaxB.SemanticsC.PragmaticsD.Sociolinguistics17._____________ is the defining properties of units like nouns (number, Gender, case, etc) and verbs (tense, aspect, voice, etc).A.Parts of speechB.Word classesC.Grammatical categoriesD.Functions of word18. The noun “tear” and the verb “tear” are ______________ .A.homophonesB.homographsplete homonymsD.allophones19. In English, the only glottal is ________ .A. [l]B. [h]C. [k]D. [f]20. The term ________ may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A.synchronic linguisticsparative linguisticsC.diachronic linguisticsD. historical comparative linguistics21. The use of sexist language reflects a _________ attitude.A. socialB.linguisticC.traditionalD.all of the above22. ___________ was once used as lingua franca of diplomacy.A. LatinB.ArabicC.FrenchD.Spanish23. Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because they _________ .A.are complex wordsB.are technical wordsC.refer to the commonest things in lifeD.denote the most important concepts24. An affix can be added to certain type of _______ to form a new word.A. infixB.affixC.stemD. word25. In a sentence, which of the following is usually NOT stressed?A. Nouns.B.Verbs.C.Personal pronouns.D.Adjectives.26. The maxim of __________ requires that a participant‟s contribution be relevant to theconversation.A.quantityB.qualityC.mannerD. relation27. The relationship between “meat” and “meet” is _________ .A.synonymyB.antonymyC. polysemyD.homonymy28. Usually, suprasegmental features include _________ , length and pitch.A. phonemeB.speech soundC.syllablesD.stress29.What are the dual structures of language?A.Sounds and letters.B.Sounds and meaning.C.Letters and meaning.D.Sounds and symbols.30.Where are the vocal cords?A.In the mouth.B.In the nasal cavity.C.Above the tongue.D.Inside the larynx.31.Which of the following statements about language is NOT true?nguage is a special social phenomenon.nguage is some arbitrary symbols.C.The language system is unique to human beings.nguage is yet to be understood.32. ________ studies the sound systems in a certain language.A.PhoneticsB.PhonologyC.SemanticsD.Syntax33. ________ is the smallest unit of language in terms of relationship between expression and content.A.RootB.AllomorphC.MorphemeD.Word34. A speaker‟s actual utterance in Chomsky‟s terminology is called __________.A.deep structureB.linguistic universalsC.universal grammarD.surface structure35.A word with several meanings is called __________ word.A.a polysemousB.a synonymousC.an abnormalD.a multiple36. The study of how sounds are put together and used to convey meaning in communication is ________.A. general linguisticsB.phonologyC.semanticsD.morphology37. Leech divided meanings into __________ types.A. 4B.5C.6D.738.Besides French words, English also absorbed as many as 2,500 words of _______ in the Middle English period.A. Dutch originB.Danish origintin originD.Greek origin39. Distinctive features are used to describe _________ .A. phonesB.phonologyC.allophonesD.phonemes40. The English word “untouchable” is composed of _________ morphemes.A. fourB.threeC.twoD.five41. The process by which words are formed by putting the initial letters of several words together is called _________ .A. compoundingB.clippingC.acronymyD.blending42. Chinese language belongs to the _________ family.A.Indo-EuroeanB.Sino-TibetanC.Afro-AsiaticD.Caucasian43. The founder of general linguistics is ____________ .A.ChomskyB.HallidayC.BloomfieldD.Saussure44. Modern linguistics focuses on the present-day language, and it will be possible to describe language from a _________ perspective.A.sociologicalB.synchronicC.diachronicD.psychological45. The four major modes of semantic change are _________ .A.extension, narrowing, elevation and degradationB.extension, generalization, elevation and degradationC.extension, narrowing, specialization and degradationD.extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation46.Diphthongs are characterized by ________ .A. glidingB.voicingC.aspirationD. stress47. The basic unit in the study of morphology is ________ .A.the internal strutureB.morphemeC.the rules by which words are formedD.word48. The relation between “food” and “bread” is called _________ .A.synonymyB.polysemyC.homonymyD.hyponymy49. The consonant sound [v] is described as _________ .A.voiceless labiodental fricativeB.voiced dental fricativeC.voiced labiodental fricativeD.voiced affricate50. Which of the following is NOT a compound word ?A.Pencilbox.B.Unreasonable.C.Deadline.D.Upstairs.51. The relation of the two clauses in a coordinate sentence is __________ .A.one is subordinate to the otherB.they hold unequal statusC.they are structurally equal parts of the sentenceD.they are incorporated52. ________ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and non-linguistic world of experience.A.SenseB.ReferenceC.SymbolD.Thought53. The sentence “ I fire you!” belongs to the speech act category of ________ .A.expressivesB.directivesC.representativesD.declarations54.General linguistics is the scientific study of _________ .nguage of a certain individualB.the English languageC.human languages in generalD.the system of a particular language55. The distinction between vowels and consonants lies in ______.A.the place of articulationB.the obstruction of airstreamsC.the position of the tongueD.the shape of the lips56. The prefix “ex-“ as in “ex-wife” or “ex-president” was borrowed into English from_________ .tinB.GreekC.FrenchD.Celtic57.Nasal sounds are produced when the soft palate ________ .A. is loweredB.is raisedC. vibratesD.moves58. _________ is concerned with the study of the actual use of language in communication.A.SociolinguisticsB.SemanticsC.PragmaticsD.Synchronic linguistics59. Where is the primary stress of the word phonology?A.pho.B.no.C.lo.D.gy.60. ________ refers to the utterance of a sentence with determinate sense and reference.A. Locutionary actB.Illocutinary actC.Perlocutionary actD.Speech act61. Which of the following words is built by back-formation?A.Smog.B.Fridge.C.Motel.D.Edit.62. What is the full form of LAD?A. Language associative district.nguage acquisition district.C. Language associative device.nguage acquisition device.63. The semantic components of the word “man” can be expressed as ________ .A.+ animate, + human, + male, -adultB.+ animate, + human, + male, + adultC.+ animate, + human, - male, - adultD.+ animate, + human, - male, + adult64. Old English has a vocabulary of about ______ words.A. 30,000 to 40,000B.50,000 to 60,000C. 70,000 to 80,000D.80,000 to 90,00065. Productivity is one of the _________ of language.A. distinctive featuresB. design featuresC. Suprasegmental featuresD. pragmatic features66. What is the common feature of the three sounds: [d], [s], [n] ?A.Voiceless.B.Voiced.C.Nasal.D.Alveolar.67. Which of the following items is NOT one of the grammatical categories of English pronouns?A.Gender.B.Number.C.Case.D.Voice.68. In the word …internationalism”, which part is the root?A. interB. nationC.alD. ism69. That there is no direct link between language and the real world is the view of ________ concerning the study of menaing.A. naming theoryB. conceptualistC. contextualistD. behaviorist70. The word “pen” originally meant “feather used for writing with ink”. Now it refers to any devise used for writing with in. This is an example of ________ .A. degradation of meaningB. broadening of meanin gC. narrowing of meaningD. elevation of meaning71. The word …taxi” is formed through __________ .A. backformationB.blendingC. clippingD.derivation72. In general, language acquisition refers to children‟s development of their _______ language.A. firstB. secondC. dialectalD.individualized73. The left hemisphere of human brain is responsible for the function of _________ .nguage and speechB.calculationC.analytic reasoning and associative thoughtsD.all of the above74. Black English had a number of __________ distinctive features in its phonological, morphological and syntactic systems.A. rule-governedB. arbitraryC. unsystematicD.both A and B75. __________ is not a pair of homophones.A. bean, beenB. beat, beetC. flea, fleeD. bow, bow76. In general, language characteristics of ________ register is more often used in the written form than n the spoken form.A. informalB. formalC. neutralD. all of the above77. “Dim sum” is of __________ origin.A.ScottishB.KoreanC.JapaneseD. Chinese78. Which of the following is NOT an obvious cause of language change ?A.The rapid development of science and technology.B.The way of language teaching.C.The way of children‟s language acquisition.D.Economy of memory.79. In a narrower sense, an individual speaker‟s idiolect is made up of such factor as__________ .A. voice quality and pitchB. pitch and rhythmC. voice and rhythmD. voice, pitch and rhythm80. When the suffix __________ is added to a verb, it changes this verb into an adjective.A. – lessB. – nessC. – fullyD. –er81. The function of the sentence “Lovely weather, isn‟t it ?” is __________ .A. informativeB. phaticC. performativeD. recreational82. Once the notion of ________ was taken into consideration, semantics spilled into pragmatics.A. meaningB. contextC. formD. content83. Which of the following criteria can NOT be used to classify vowels ?A.The part of the tongue that is held highest.B.The openness of the mouth.C.The vibration of the vocal cords.D.The shape of the lips.84. There are __________ maxims under the cooperative principle.A. 2B.3C. 4D.585. Children‟s languag e acquisition is ________ of language.A.the memorization of words.B.chiefly the internalization of individual sentencesC.primarily the acquiring of the grammatical systemD.generally a bunch of utterance86. “Buy” and “sell” form a pair of __________ .A. conversivesB. gradable antonymsC. complementary antonymsD. marked antonyms87. If a phoneme is substituted for another in a word and the substiution results in a change of the word meaning, the two phonemes are said to be __________ .A. minimal pairB. minimal setC. distinctive phonemesD. distinctive features88. ___________ is a phrase which can only be understood as a unit, not as a summation of meaning of each constituent word.A. CollocationB. IdiomC. Semantic componentD.Synonym89. The Great Vowel Shift occurred at the end of _________ .A. Old English periodB. Middle English periodC. Modern English periodD. Middle ages90. ________ is a pair of contrary antonyms.A. wild, tameB. nimble, lameC. cold, warmD. alive, dead91. What kind of tone is used when a straightforward matter-of-fact statement is uttered ?A. The rising tone.B.The falling tone.C. The falling-rising tone.D. The flat tone.92. The language of females is featured by __________ .A. more prestigious formB. more polite and indirect languageC. more specific color termsD. all of the above93. The most important period for first language acquisition is __________ .A. adulthoodB. teenage periodC. primary school yearsD. pre-school years94. The number of pidgin speakers in the world is ________ .A. about 6 millionB. about 12 millionC. over 12 millionD. somewhere between 6-12 million95. In English-language speech communities, the most obvious taboo words are related toA. religion, sex, sex organsB. religion, sex, excrementC. sex, sex organs, excrementD. religion, sex organs, excrement96. Halliday focuses on the social aspect of language, regarding language as a form of________ .A. knowingB. doingC. thinkingD. thinking and doing97. Which of the following English sounds is NOT bilabial ?A. [b]B. [m]C. [p]D. [f ]98. ________ can be used independently without being combined with other morphemes.A. Free morphemesB. Bound morphemesC. AffixesD. Roots99. Which of the following words is a derivational one ?A. Backboard.B. Sings.C. Astonishment.D. Boys.100. John Austin proposed _________ in the late 1950‟s.A. Speech Act TheoryB. 7 types of meaningC. Cooperative PrincipleD. Predication analysis101. Japanese uses ________ writing system.A. wordB. syllabic alphabetC. alphabeticD. syllabic102. The ________ variety of diglossia is used for more formal or serious matter.A. formalB. informalC. highD. low103. Which of the following is a voiceless bilabial stop ?A. [ w ].B. [ m ].C. [ b ].D. [ p ].104. _______ is NOT a grammatical category of English verbs.A. TenseB. AspectC. VoiceD. Gender105. All words contain a ________ .A. rootB. bound morphemeC. prefixD. suffix106. Of the following word-formation processes, ______ is the most productive.A. clippingB. blendingC. initialismD. derivation107. The most widespread and familiar ethnic variety of the English language is ________ .A. British EnglishB. American EnglishC. Black EnglishD. Canadian English108. _______ is NOT included in Leech‟s associative meaning.A. Connotative meaningB. Social meaningC. Collocative meaningD. Thematic meaning109. _______ modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the speech of the original word.A. PrefixesB. SuffixesC. RootsD. Affixes110. The word _______ is usually NOT used by British people.A. “tube”B. “pub”C. “railroad”D. “taxi”111. The maxim of quality requires: do not say what you believe to be ________ .A. falseB. trueC. indirectD.insufficient112. Canada is a well-known bilingual country where both ______ are official languages.A. English and SpanishB. English and PortugueseC. English and FrenchD. English and Russian113. Linguistic taboo reflects ________ .A. social tabooB. social conventionC. habitD. law114. Which of the following words is a functional word ?A. Often.B. Nice.C. Desk.D. Although.115. By the age of _______ , children have completed the greater part of the languageacquisition process.A. 5B. 6C. 4D. 3116. Which of the following is NOT the function of language ?A. Metalingual function.B. Interpersonal function.C. Emotive function.D. Cultural transmission.117. “We can do things with words” is the main idea of _________ .A. the speech act theoryB. the co-operative principlesC. the polite principlesD. pragmatics118. Motel is a (n) __________ .A. abbreviationB. coinageC. blendingD. acronym119. ________ is NOT a pair of homophones.A.“Fair” (lovely) and “fair” (a regular g athering of people for barter and sale ofgoods )B.“ Flea” (any of various small, wingless, bloodsucking insects ) and “flee” (to escape)C.“Lead” (to guide) and “lead” (metal of a dull bluish-grey color that melts easily )D.“compliment” (an expression of prai se, admiration, or congratulation ) and“complement” (something that completes, makes up a whole, or brings toperfection )120. The Indo-European family has ________ subfamilies.A. 8B. 9C. 10D. 11121.Which of the following is NOT the design feature of language? ( )a.intelligibilityb.displacementc.arbitrarinessd.duality122. studies the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed.( )a.phoneticsb.phonologyc.morphologyd.syntax123. The sense relation between “animal” and “horse” is . ( )a.synonymyb.antonymyc.hyponymyd.homonymy124. is regarded as the father of modern linguistics. ( )a.Bloomfieldb.Saussurec.Chomskyd.Halliday125. Transformational-generative Grammar is proposed by . ( )a.Firthb.Leechc.Malinowskid.Chomsky126. Which of the following ( the underlined ) is NOT a morpheme? ( )a.dogsb.it‟sc.goesd.this127. Which of the following distinctions in linguistics is proposed by Noam Chomsky? ( )a.descriptive vs. prescriptiveb.synchronic vs. diachronicngue & parolepetence & performance128. The word formation of “unacceptability” is . ( )a.derivationb.inflectionpoundd.polymorpheme129. Which of the following statement is right? ( )a.All words contain a prefix.b.All words contain a root morpheme.c.All words contain a bound morpheme.d.All words contain an affix.130. According to Austin, “I name this ship the Queen Elizabeth” is ______.( )A.constativeB.emotiveC.phaticD.performative。