汉英翻译选词问题 (2) 英汉词语对比与翻译选词

对于完全对等的语义翻译，比较简单，一般可以采用直 译的方法加以处理。如：
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完全对等翻译举例
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2009年1月7日，“纪念中美建交30周年乒乓球友谊赛”在北京国家体育总局
cut: 切、割、削、凿、砍、剪、裁、截、刺穿、刺痛、删节、开辟
fry: 煎、炒、炸、爆、爆炒 send: 送、寄、发送、派遣、打发
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2.2 有的英语词语词义小于汉语的词义。如： 主人: master, host, owner, housemaster, Goodman 下: below, descend, down, give birth to, go to, leave off, lower, next, take 拿: fetch, hold, seize, take 行：go, walk, travel; circulate; behavior, conduct; capable, com petent 如：“神州行，我看行” China Talent, I find it competent!
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2) 部分对等是指英语中的有些词在词义上仅有部分与汉语的词义对应。 2.1 有的英语词语词义大于汉语的词义。如：
uncle: 叔父、伯父、舅父、姑父、姨夫;
sister: 姐姐、妹妹 attend school 上学; attend a meeting 开会; attend a wedding 参加婚礼 carry: 搬、运、提、送、拎、挑、担、抬、背、扛、搂、抱、断、举、 夹、捧
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3) 如今世事发生了变化，这电话也发生了变化。
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最初几次是，电话铃响了，我踱着方步走过去，拿起来，里面的声音是：
“小韩在家吗?”我以为是哪位老首长忽然想起了我，忙不迭地答应：“是我，
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英汉语言对比与翻译选词
Comparison and Diction
CONTENTS
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1.英汉语言词汇意义的对应
2.英汉词汇对比与翻译选词 3.英汉思维模式对比与翻译选词
ntries, opening the door for the China-U.S. people-to-people contacts.
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(Xinhua）
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Analysis of Presentation
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1) 我家的后面有一个很大的园，相传叫作百草园。现在是早已 并屋子一起卖给朱文公的子孙了，连那最末次的相见也已经隔了
七八年，其中似乎确凿只有一些野草；但那时却是我的乐园。
(鲁迅《三味书屋》)
Behind our house was a great garden commonly known as Hundred-Plant Garden. It has long since been sold with the house to the descendants of Zhu Xi, and the last time I saw it, already seven or eight years ago, I am sure there were only weeds there. But it was my paradise when I was a child. (Translated by Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang)
转告呀。结果自然是，不用了，等他回来再打吧，谢谢。
(韩石山《接电话》) With the passage of time and with the experience gathered from having answered many more calls like this, I‟ve found the calls follows this regular pattern. When my son is wanted, the caller is usually a girl; and it is usually a boy who is calling my daughter. Girls are always sweet and polite. Even though it is not me that they want to talk to, their calls may leave a sort of pleasant impression. If my son happens to be out, I‟ll ask, “Your name, please?” “Any message?”… The response is only expected: “No, thank you, I‟ll call later, bye-bye.” (Translated by Ju Zhuchun)
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Company Logo 时间久了，接的电话多了，也就摸出点规律。给儿子来电话的，多是女孩子，
给女儿来电话的，多是男孩子。女孩子总是客客气气的，纵不是打给我的，也还 叫人舒坦。若儿子不在，我会问上句：你叫什么名字呀，有什么事需要不需要我
大厅举行。中国外交部副部长王光亚与美国副国务卿内格罗蓬特一行观看比
赛并合影。两国之间经过多年的疏远与对抗之后，1971年，美国乒乓球队访 问中国，打开了民间交流的大门。（中新社） Chinese Vice Foreign Minister Wang Guangya and U.S. Deputy Secretary of State John D. Negroponte pose for a group photo during the Friendship Pingpong Match marking the 30th anniversary of the establishment of the China-
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1.英汉语言词汇意义的对应
分对等、无对等、词对应但语义不对等四种情况。
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一般说来，英汉语言词汇意义的对应，可以大致分为完全对等、部
1) 完全对等是指英语中有些词所表达的意义，在汉语中可以找到完全对 应的词来表达，它们的意义在上下文中完全对等。这类词主要是通用的 专有名词，如: China (中国), Germany (德国), New York (纽约)等专有名 词，日常生活中的事物名称的词，如：table（桌子）, watch (手表)，sun (太阳)等，以及科技英语的术语等。
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Logo 2) “怎么丁医生还不来? 先抬进小客厅罢!”荪甫搓着手自言自语地说，回头
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对站在那里等候命令的四个当差一摆手。四个当差上前抬起那张长沙发榻， 走进大客厅左首的小客厅；竹斋，荪甫，吴少奶奶，二小姐，四小姐，都跟
英汉词语对比与翻译选词 翻译选词(II)
See Textbook Chapter 1
CONTENTS
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1.学生课后作业展示 2.英汉语言对比与翻译选词 3.课堂作业
4.课后作业
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了进去。阿萱自始就站在那里呆呆地出神，此时像觉醒似的，慌慌张张向四
面一看，也跑进小客厅去了。砰——的一声，小客厅的门就此关上。 《子夜》) (茅盾
“Oh! What’s keeping Dr. Ting? Let’s carry father into the other room now,” muttered Wu Sun-fu, wringing his hands with impatience. He motioned to the four servants standing by to lift the couch on which the old man was lying and carry it into the small drawing-room. He followed behind with his wife, Tu Chu-chai, Fu-fang and Huei-fang. Ah-hsuan, who had been standing by gaping, came to, looked round in alarm, scampered into the parlor, and slammed the door behind him. (Translated by Xu Mengxiong)
Students’ Presentation
学生课后作业展示
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Students’ Presentation (3-6 students, Two for each
para．of previous homework)
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是我。”对方不相信，仍要小韩接电话，这才醒悟过来，小韩者，老韩之子也。
The world has changed, so has the telephone. The first few times it went like this: The telephone rang and I walked leisurely over and took up the handset. The voice would say, “Hello, is this Young Han home?” Thinking that it was one of my former superiors who had suddenly thought of me, I‟d hastily answer, “Speaking! Speaking!” The person would refuse to accept the response and insist on talking to Young Han. Only then did I realize Young Han in this case referred to Old Han‟s junior.
U.S. diplomatic relations, at the State General Administration of Sport in B
eijing, capital of China, Jan. 7, 2009. In 1971, a U.S. ping-pong team visited Ch ina after years of estrangement疏远 and antagonism 对抗 between the two cou