动词第三人称单数词尾变化形式及读音

动词第三人称单数词尾变化形式及读音

动词第三人称单数词尾变化有三种形式。

(1)一般动词在词尾加-s，-s在清辅音后读／s／，在浊辅音或元音后读／z／ds读／

dz／，ts读／ts／。如：

help→helps／helps／，know→knows／n uz／，get→gets／gets／，read→reads／ri dz／

(2)以字母s，x，ch，sh或有些以o结尾的动词加-es，-es读／iz／。如：

guess→guesses／'siz／，fix→fixes／'fiksiz／，teach→teaches／'ti t iz ／，wash→washes／'w iz／

注意：go→goes／uz／，do→does／d z／

(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加-es，-ies读／iz／。如：

carry→carries／'k riz／，fly→flies／flaiz／

注：在play→plays／pleiz／，say→says／sez／中，字母y前为元音字母，第三人称单数形式直接在动词后面加-s。

(4)特殊词例外。如：

be→is，have→has

以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词，如果尾音是[s]，[z]时，加“s”后字母“e”发音，与所加“s” ，一起读做[iz]。如：

close－closes [iz]

规则动词和不规则动词的过去式变化如下：

一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed ，如：

work—worked piay—played want--wanted act--acted

以不发音的-e 结尾动词，动词词尾加-d，如：

live--lived move--moved decide--decided decline--declined hope--hoped judge—judged raise--raised wipe--wiped

以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，如：

study--studied try--tried copy--copied justify--justified cry--cried

carry--carried embody--embodied empty--emptied

以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop--stopped beg--begged fret--fretted drag--dragged drop—dropped plan--planned dot--dotted drip--dripped

注：不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。

go – went make – made get – got buy – bought come - came fly-flew

动词过去式,过去分词不规则变化

AB型

can -- could shall -- should will -- would may -- might

AAA型

cost cost cost cut cut cut hit hit hit

hurt hurt hurt let let let must must must

put put put set set set shut shut shut

read read read

AAB型

beat beat beaten

ABA型

become became become run ran run

come came come

ABB型

bring brought brought buy bought bought think thought thought catch caught caught teach taught taught build built built

lend lent lent send sent sent

spend spent spent dig dug dug

hang hung hung feel felt felt

keep kept kept sleep slept slept sweep swept swept leave left left

smell smelt smelt spill spilt spilt

lay laid laid pay paid paid

say said said sell sold sold

tell told told sit sat sat

spit spat spat stand stood stood understand understood understood

learn learnt learnt mean meant meant spoil spoilt spoilt shine shone shone

win won won have had had

make made made hear heard heard

find found found hold held held

ABC型

begin began begun drink drank drunk ring rang rung sing sang sung

sink sank sunk swim swam swum blow blew blown fly flew flown

grow grew grown know knew known throw threw thrown draw drew drawn show showed shown break broke broken choose chose chosen forget forgot forgotten freeze froze frozen speak spoke spoken wake woke woken drive drove driven