初三英语形容词副词

形容词和副词专项讲解

1.形容词和副词的功能及位置

（1）形容词的功能：主要是用来描写或修饰名词，说明名词的性质、特征、状态，在句中作定语、表语、补足语等成分。

（2）形容词的位置

①作定语一般位于它所修饰的名词之前；

②alive, afraid, awake, alone, asleep等表语形容词作定语需后置；

③修饰someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, nobody,

nothing等不定代词需后置；

④away, long, wide, high, deep, old等词附有数量词语说明时需后置；

⑤形容词+介词短语或不定式短语作定语需后置；

⑥用and或or连接的两个意义相反的形容词作定语需后置；

⑦作表语位于连系动词之后；

⑧作宾语补足语位于宾语之后；

⑨形容词或形容词词组作状语使用时，可放在句首、句中或句尾。

eg: ①China has a long history.

②Who is the greatest man alive? 谁是当今最伟大的人？

③I have something important to tell you.

④The road is about 50 meters wide.

⑤He is a man full of energy.

⑥A country, big or small, should be equal. 国家不论大小应该平等。

⑦The weather here is very pleasant. 这里的天气很宜人。

⑧I found the story very interesting.

⑨Tired and hungry, he returned home.

（3）副词的功能：作状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词等单词或短语，甚至整个句子，以说明动作性质或状态的特征。副词也可用来作定语、表语、宾语补足语。

（4）副词的位置

①修饰形容词、副词时，放在它所修饰的词的前面；

②enough作为副词总是置于被修饰的形容词或副词后；

③频度副词、程度副词可放在实意动词的前面，情态动词、be动词、助动词之

后；

④时间副词和地点副词一般位于句尾。如两种副词同时出现，则地点副词放在

时间副词之前，也可将时间副词放在句首；

⑤方式副词修饰及物动词可在及物动词前或宾语后，修饰不及物动词在修饰的

动词后或加介词+宾语后；

⑥副词作宾语，一般放在被修饰的名词后；

⑦副词作表语表示位置，位于系动词后；

⑧副词作宾语补足语位于宾语后。

eg: ①Our school is very beautiful.

②I don’t know him well enough.We haven’t enough food for you.

③He always helps others. He is seldom late for class.

④They stayed at home last night.

⑤He does his work carefully.

⑥They live on the floor below.

⑦The light is still on. 电灯还在亮着。

⑧I’m pleased to see you back.

2.形容词和副词级别的构成

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3.形容词和副词级别的用法

（1）系动词+ as + adj.原级+ as与……一样；

实意动词+ as + adv.原级+ as像……一样；

not as或so...as 不如……那样

eg: Lily is as careful as Lucy.

Lily studies as carefully as Lucy.

Lily doesn’t study as/so carefully as Lucy.

（2）系动词+ adj.比较级+ than… , 比……

实意动词+ adv比较级than…, 比……

less...than 不及……；不如……

eg: The problem is harder than that one.

He speaks English more fluently than I (do).

It is less cold today than it was yesterday.

（3）the + adj. /adv. 最高级+of 在(……人或物中)最……

the + adj. /adv. 最高级+in 在(……范围或场所中)最……

eg: Tom is the tallest of us all. Tom jumps the highest in my class. （4）one of the + adj. /adv. 最高级+名词复数……是最……之一among the

the +最高级+ of (三者中)最……的

the +序数词+最高级+名词单数第几最……

the +比较级+ of (两者中)较……的

all the +比较级格外，越发

eg: Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China.

China is the third largest country in the world.

His mother feels all the happier for his success.

（5）Which/Who + 系动词+ adj.比较级？(两者中)哪一个较……？

Which/Who + 实意动词+ adv.比较级？(两者中)哪一个较……？

Which/Who + 系动词+ the + adj.最高级？(三者中)哪一个最……？

Which/Who + 实意动词+ (the) + adv.最高级？(三者中)哪一个最……？

eg: Which is better, this picture or that one？Who is the cleverest of the three boys?

（6）no+ 比较级+ than 和……一样不

not+ 比较级+ than 不像……那样

eg: This book is no better than that one. 这本书和那本书一样不好。

This book is not better than that one. 这本书不及那本书好。

（7）more and more + 名词越来越多

比较级+ and + 比较级(单音节) 越来越……

more and more + adj.原级(多音节) 越来越……

the +比较级，the +比较级越……就(越)……

eg: More and more people are using the Internet.

The more you read, the wise you are.

（8）more than 多于，大于，超过

no more than=only 只有，仅仅

not more than =at most 最多，不超过

less than 少于，小于，以下

no less than= as much/many as 多达

not less than=at least 至少

eg: He finished the work in less than one hour. 不到一小时他就完成了工作。

They are no less than 1,000 people here. 这里多达一千人。

They are not less than 1,000 people here. 这里至少一千人。

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（9）as + adj.原级+ as

基数词+ times 比较级+ than 是……的……倍

the +名词+ of

eg: The room is three times as large as that one.

（10）as+ adj. + a / an +名词单数+ as

the same +相应名词+ as 与……一样

the same as

eg: This is as wide a street as that one.

= This street is the same width as that one.

= The width of this street is the same as that of that one.

（11）比较级+ than any other +名词单数(同一范围)比其他任何一……都…… =比较级+ than any +名词单数+ else

比较级+ than any other +名词复数(不同范围)比其他任何……都…… =比较级+ than any +名词单数

eg: China is larger than any other country in Asia.

= China is larger than any country else in Asia.

China is larger than any other countries in Africa.

= China is larger than any other country in Africa.

（12）the + adj.最高级+名词+定语从句+ ever

=never…a + adj.比较级+名词最……

the most + adj.原级+名词最……

a most + adj.原级+名词非常，很

eg: This is the best film that I have ever seen. =I have never seen a better film.

This is the most moving novel. 这是部最动人的小说。

This is a most moving novel. 这是一部非常动人的小说。

（13）常用almost, exactly, just, quite, nearly, half等来加强原级结构的语气

eg: She is just as smart as her sister.

（14）常用much, far, even, still, a bit, a little, a lot, by far, a great deal, many times,

several

times, slightly, all the, rather, any等来加强比较级结构的语气

eg: The earth is much bigger than the moon.

（15）常用by far, much, a great deal, nearly, almost, ever, on earth, in the world等来加强最高级结构的语气

eg: He is the happiest man in the world.

（16）最高级的多种表达形式：

no +比较级+ than 没有……比……更……

否定词+ so +原级+ as

比较级+ than any other 比其他任何都……

eg: He is the most active boy in class.

= No boy is more active than he in class.

= No boy is so active as he in class.

= He is more active than any other boys in class.

4. 常见形容词和副词的用法

（1）名词+ ly/ y构成形容词eg：friendly lovely sunny lucky

（2）形容词+ ly构成副词，其变化规则为：

①一般在词尾+ ly eg：final——finally honest——honestly

②以y结尾变y为ily eg：happy——happily easy——easily

③以le结尾去e加y eg：possible——possibly gentle——gently

④特殊情况eg：whole——wholly true——truly

（3）有的副词不带ly多表具体概念，多位于不及物动词后；及物动词+宾语后；

介词前eg：They dug deep for treasures.

（4）有的副词带ly多表抽象概念，修饰形容词、副词、过去分词；修饰动词位置比较灵活

eg：He thought highly of you.

（5）有些副词带或不带ly表达意思明显不同，注意固定词组、谚语等习惯表达eg：be wide awake 神志清醒late 迟，晚hard 努力地safe and sound 安然无恙lately 最近地hardly 几乎不（6）多个形容词修饰名词的大体顺序：限定→描绘→大(小)→长(短)→高(低)→形状→年龄→新(旧)→老(少)→颜色→国籍→出处→材料→作用→类别等+名词下面的顺口溜有助于你记忆：限观形龄颜国材

eg：a big round black new wooden French table 一张新的大而圆的法国黑色木桌子

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