计算机专业英语论文--硬件概述

题目：计算机硬件概述（Overview of the computer hardware based）

学院：信息技术学院

班级：10计科

学号：101114006

姓名：任亚平

Overview of the computer hardware based

A computer is a fast and accurate symbol processing system. It can accept, store, process data and produce output results. A computer can automatically process data without human intervention. However, it must be given a set of instruction to guide it, step by step, through processes. The set of instructions is called a program, The program is stored in the hardware making it a program.

So, what part of computer hardware that contains it? Computer hardware has four parts: the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, storage hardware, input hardware, and output hardware.

The CPU is the brains of the computer. Sometimes referred to simply as the central processor, but more commonly called processor, the CPU is where most calculations take place. In terms of computing power, the CPU is the most important element of a computer system.

In computing , memory refers to the state information of a computing system, as it is kept active in some physical structure. The term "memory" is used for the information in physical systems which are fast (ie RAM ), as a distinction from physical systems which are slow to access (ie data storage ). By design, the term "memory" refers to temporary state devices, whereas the term "storage" is reserved for permanent data. Advances in storage technology have blurred the distinction a bit —memory kept on what is conventionally a storage system is called " virtual memory ".

The purpose of storage hardware is to provide a means of storing computer instruction and data in a form that is relatively permanent, that is, the data is not lost when the power is turned off—and easy to retrieve when needed for processing . There are four kinds of storage hardware: floppy disks, hard disks, optical disk, and magnetic tape.

Input devices take data and programs people can read or understand and convert them to a form the computer can process. This is the machine-readable electronic signals of 0s and 1s. Input hardware is of two kinds: Keyboard entry and direct entry.

Output devices convert machine-readable information into people-readable form. Common output devices are monitors, printers, plotters, and voice output.

All computer systems of interest to us are similar. They contain hardware components for input, central processing unit and output.