外研版英语选修七：module-2-知识点(2)

1、attract v、
(1)吸引
A magnet attracts steel、磁石能吸钢铁。

(2)激发;引起
①Does any of these designs attract you?这些设计中有使您感兴趣得吗？
②The new play has attracted a good deal of criticism、这出新剧招致很多批评。

知识拓展
(1)attract one's attention 吸引某人得注意attract sb、 to sb、/sth、引起某人对某人/某物得注意
(2)attractive adj、吸引人得be attractive to、、、对……有吸引力
(3)attraction n、吸引;吸引人得事物;吸引力tourist attraction 旅游胜地
即学即用
用attract得适当形式填空
(1)The beautiful garden ________ many people、
(2)The old city is an important tourist ________、
(3)The flat was small but ________, though rather shabby、
2.keen adj、渴望得;热切得;热心得;灵敏得
①We were keen on going for an outing、我们喜欢去郊游。

②He is keen to have a look at the Great Wall、她很想去瞧瞧长城。

③Dogs have a keen sense of smell、狗得嗅觉很灵敏。

知识拓展
be keen on sth、/sb、热衷于某事物;对某事物满腔热情
①I'm not too keen on jazz、我不太喜欢爵士乐。

②Mrs Hills is keen on Tom's marrying Susan、希尔太太很希望汤姆能与苏珊结婚。

单句改错
Dolly wants to cycle round the world and she is really keen at the idea、
_________________________________________________
3.consider v、
(1)考虑;后可接名词、代词、动名词、从句或“疑问词＋不定式”。

①He is considering changing his job、她在考虑调换一下工作。

②He considered how he should answer/how to answer、她考虑应如何回答。

(2)把……瞧作;认为;后接that­clause或复合宾语。

①We consider that the driver is not to blame、我们认为这不就是司机得过错。

②We don't consider Tom to be our best friend、我们并不把汤姆当成我们最好得朋友。

知识拓展
(1)be considered as(把某人)瞧作……;(被)认为
He's generally considered as the best one here、她被公认为就是最好得人选。

(2)consider(doing)sth、考虑(做)某事
①Please consider my suggestion、请考虑我得建议。

②He's considering going abroad、她在考虑出国。

(3)consider how/what、、、to do sth、考虑如何做/做什么……
Have you considered how to get there?您考虑好怎样去那儿了吗？
(4)consider＋宾语从句
Let's consider what use we can make of it、咱们考虑怎样利用它。

语法填空
My father considers ________(buy) a puter, which is considered ________(be) a great help in his work、4.develop vt、 & vi、
(1)发展;发达
They're going to develop heavy industries、她们打算发展重工业。

(2)洗印;显影
He is developing a film now、她在冲洗胶卷。

(3)养成;培养
He's developed the habit of rising early、她已养成早起得习惯。

(4)开发;建设
develop a mine 开矿
(5)生长;发育
①Seeds develop into plants、种子长成植物。

②It is very important to develop children's body、孩子得身体发育就是十分重要得。

知识拓展: develop out of/from、、、由……发展起来develop(、、、)into(使……)发展成为
development n、发展;开发developed adj、发达得developing adj、发展中得
underdeveloped adj、不发达得
完成句子
我们应尽早培养孩子得阅读习惯。

We must ________ ________ ________ ________ as early as possible、
5.activity n、活动,行动;活跃,活力
①Students should often take part in practical activities、学生应该经常参加实践活动。

②This is a street full of activity、这就是一条充满生气得街道。

辨析:activity, act, action
①I'm late for supper every night because of after­school activities、因为课外活动我每天都赶不上晚餐。

②It is an act of kindness to help a blind man cross the street、帮助盲人过马路就是一种善举。

③Her timely action probably saved his life、她及时采取行动很可能救她一命。

根据汉语提示,用act及其同根词得正确形式填空
(1)三思而后行。

Think carefully before you ________、
(2)我参加很多活动,这占用了我许多时间。

I have a lot of ________ which take up much of my time、
(3)事实胜于雄辩。

________ speak louder than words、
6.ability n、 [U,C]能力;才能;本领;技能
①He has got a remarkable ability to get things done、在办事方面,她显示了非凡得能力。

②She has great ability in teaching English、她有教英文得非凡才干。

知识拓展
(1)to be best of one's ability 尽最大努力
(2)ability后可接动词不定式、介词in或for,但不能接of doing。

[译]她有能力做这项工作。

[误]She had the ability of doing the work、
[正]She had the ability to do the work、
(3)注意否定前缀得不同
注意:ability后可接动词不定式、介词in或for,但不能接of doing。

完成句子
她为女儿能说四种语言而骄傲。

He is proud of his daughter's ________ ________ ________ four languages、7.innocent adj、天真无邪得;阅世不深得;清白得;无罪得
n、 [C]无罪得人;无辜得人;清白得人
①I was very young and very innocent、那时我非常年幼无知。

②In the end the innocent was set free and the criminal was sentenced to death、最后,无辜者被释放,罪犯被判处死刑。

知识拓展:
be innocent of 没有……罪→be guilty of 有……罪
It is better that ten guilty escape than one innocent suffers、 (Shakespeare)宁可让十个罪犯漏网,不可使一个好人蒙冤。

(莎士比亚)
完成句子
不要太天真,竟至相信政客们说得每一句话。

Don't ______ _______ _______ as to believe everything the politicians say、
8.sob
(1)v、啜泣;呜咽;抽噎
①Some children often sob themselves to sleep、有些孩子经常哭泣着睡着了。

②We could hear the child sobbing in the other room、我们听到那间屋子里得小孩在抽抽搭搭地哭着。

(2)n、呜咽;哭泣
①The beggar told us a long sob story before she asked for money、那个叫花子先给我们讲了一个长而催人泪下得故事,然后向我们讨钱。

②The child's sobs gradually died down、那孩子得啜泣声渐渐静了下来。

知识拓展
(1)sob过去式:sobbed;过去分词:sobbed;现在分词:sobbing;第三人称单数:sobs。

(2)常用词组:sob one's heart out 哭得伤心至极sob oneself to sleep 哭着哭着睡着了sob out 哭泣着诉说
完成句子
她哭泣着诉说了儿子在一场车祸中死亡得事情。

She ________ ________ the story of her son's death in a traffic accident、
9.upset(upset, upset; upsetting)
(1)v、使(某人)心烦意乱,使(肠胃)不适;打翻;打扰,扰乱;搅乱
①I'm sorry, I didn't mean to upset you、对不起,我没想要让您不高兴。

②Recent bank failures threaten to upset the entire world economy、近期银行纷纷倒闭,有打乱整个世界经济秩序得危险。

③Spicy food upsets my stomach、辛辣食物使我肠胃不适。

(2)adj、不安得;不快得;心烦意乱得;感到不适得
①She was still upset about the argument she'd had with Mary、她依然为与玛丽发生得争论感到烦恼。

②She is really upset over not finding a job、她找不到工作,所以很苦恼。

知识拓展
(1)upset作形容词时,可与介词over/at/about搭配,其后可接名词、动名词。

(2)upset作形容词,作表语,但不能作前置定语。

巧学助记:
完成句子
(1)我打乱了她们得计划,并伤害了她们得自尊心。

I ______ ______ ______ and hurt their self­esteem、
(2)犯不着为此事难过。

There is no point ________ ________ ________ it、
10.polish v、擦光;擦亮;磨光;润色
①I polished my shoes before I left home、我在出门之前把鞋擦亮了。

②His essay needs polishing、她得论文尚需润饰。

知识拓展: polish up 擦亮,润色,改善polish off 做完(工作);吃掉(食物)
polish off a big plateful of stew 很快吃完一大盘炖菜
归类各种“擦”:
完成句子
玛丽花了几天得时间来润饰演讲稿。

Mary spent several days ________ ________ ________、
1、as far as I'm concerned 就我而言
①As far as I'm concerned you can do what you like、对我个人来说,您怎么做都可以。

②I cannot stand her endless plaining、 She's had it as far as I'm concerned、她总就是怨天尤人,我真就是受不了。

就我而言,她可就是让人受够了。

③As far as I am concerned the matter is closed、对我来说,事情已了结。

知识拓展: as/so far as、、、 is concerned 就……而言as/so far as I know 据我所知
as/so far as I can remember/see/tell 据我所记/依我瞧/依我说as/so far as(the) eye can see 就视力所能
及
①As far as I know, pared with other countries, Chinese students spend much more time studying 、 据我所知,与其她国家相比较,中国学生花费了更多得时间来学习。

②As far as I can remember, Twilight —a story about vampire —was written by Stephenie Meyer 、 据我所记,《暮光之城》——一个关于吸血鬼得爱情故事——就是由斯蒂芬妮·梅耶所写。

完成句子
(1)就我而言,这个问题已经解决了。

______________________,the problem has been solved 、
(2)据我所知,这就是一个很小得错误。

______________________,it's a small mistake 、
2.be likely to 有可能
①It is likely to rain 、有可能下雨。

②His condition is likely to improve 、她得情况有可能好转。

③It is likely that he didn't attend the meeting at all yesterday for he knew nothing about the report 、好像她昨天根本没参加会议,因为她对报告得事一无所知。

知识拓展: be likely to do sth 、 有可能做某事It is/was likely that 从句。

有可能……
辨析:likely, probable, possible
(1)前面得主语可以就是人,而possible 与probable 不能。

(2)for sb 、 to do sth 、,而likely 与probable 构成if possible 省略式。

—When do you want to know the result?您想什么时候知道结果？
—、如果可能得话,明天吧。

→________________ the boy will help us 、 It is/was possible for sb. to do sth.
It is/was possible that 从句． It is/was probable that 从句.
1、To help students develop these social skills, schools offer a large number of after ­school activities, in other words, activities that take place outside classroom lessons 、为帮助学生发展这些社交技能,学校安排了大量得课外活动,即在教室里上完课后进行得活动。

(1)To help students develop these social skills 就是不定式作目得状语;activities that take place outside classroom lessons 此处起同位语得作用,来进一步说明什么就是课外活动。

(2)in other words 在句中作插入语,意为“换句话说;换言之”。

①In other words I don't have to send it by air mail, right?换句话说我不必把它航空邮寄了,对吗？
②In other words, our forces, although small at present, will grow very rapidly 、这就就是说,现在我们虽只有一点小小得力量,但就是它得发展会就是很快得。

高考直击
(2014·重庆改编)Group activities will be organized after class ________(help) children develop team spirit 、
语法填空
(1)Birds' singing is sometimes a warning to other birds ________(stay) away 、
(2)The children all turned________(look at) the famous actress as she entered the classroom、
2.Exam grades are very important, but so are the after­school activities、
考试成绩固然重要,但就是课外活动也不容忽视。

“so＋助动词/情态动词/连系动词＋主语”,此结构表示另一主语与前面所陈述得情况有着相同得肯定情况,意为“……也就是这样(如此)”。

①—She can speak some French、她能讲一些法语。

—So can I、我也会讲一些。

②If you go to the countryside for your holidays, so shall I、如果您去乡村度假,我也去。

知识拓展
(1)当前面得句子就是混合情况(肯定与否定得混合或没有统一助动词)时,说明“另一人/物也同样”则必须用it is/was with、、、/it is the same with、、、句型。

Tom is clever and works hard、 So it is with Mary、汤姆既聪明又努力,玛丽也就是如此。

(2)用so句型表示“也一样”时,其前一句必须就是肯定句,且只有一个谓语。

若前一句为否定句,则用“neither (nor)＋连系动词/助动词/情态动词＋(另一)主语”表示“也不”。

①I have never been abroad, neither has he、我从未出过国,她也没有。

②I didn't stay at home yesterday, nor did she、我昨天没在家,她也没在家。

(3)“so＋主语＋连系动词/情态动词/助动词”这种结构中得主谓就是正常语序,so相当于indeed、certainly,表示说话人对前面或对方所说情况得赞同或证实,语气较强,意为“……确实如此”。

①—He has been to the Great Wall、她去过长城。

—So he has、她得确如此。

(注意其中得两个he,为同一个人。

)
②—Tom studies hard、汤姆学习很用功。

—So he does、她确实如此。

完成句子
(1)—I don't know about you, but I'm sick and tired of this weather、
—________(我也就是)、 I can't stand all this rain、
二、表语从句得易混点
1.混淆that,which与what
that引导表语从句时,就是连词,在从句中不作成分;which与what都就是连接代词,引导表语从句时,都可以在从句
中作主语、宾语、表语与定语,但意思不同。

前者表示“哪一个”,后者表示“……得事情、地方或一切”。

This was what he told me、 (what在从句中作宾语)这就就是她告诉我得事情。

My belief is that I will succeed by working hard、 (that只就是引导表语从句,在从句中不作成分)我相信通过努力我会成功得。

The problem is which school will be chosen、 (which在从句中作定语)问题就是哪一所学校将被选中。

2.混淆because与why
because引导表语从句时,表示“因为”,why引导表语从句时,表示“……得原因”,相当于the reason why。

She often es late、 That's because she has a baby to take care of、她经常迟到。

那就是因为她有一个孩子要照顾。

She has a baby to take care of、 That's why she often es late、她有一个孩子要照顾。

那就就是她经常迟到得原因。

注意:表示“原因就是……”时,要用the reason is/was＋that从句,其中得that不能换成because与why。

三、表语从句得难点
表语从句中得虚拟语气
1.在表示建议、劝告、命令等含义得名词后得表语从句中,谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”,should可以省略。

My suggestion is that we (should)have a discussion about this matter instead of just laying it aside、我得建议就是我们应当讨论一下这件事,而不应该把它放在一边。

2.as if/though引导得表语从句常用虚拟语气。

用一般过去时表示现在,过去进行时表示现在进行,过去完成时表示过去,could/would/might＋动词原形表示将来。

It looks as if he were ten years younger today、今天她瞧起来好像年轻了10岁。

Ⅱ、主语从句
一、相关概念
二、主语从句得易混点
1.混淆that与what:that引导主语从句时,就是连词,在从句中不作成分;what就是连接代词,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。

That the earth turns around the sun is known to all、 (that只就是引导从句,在从句中不作成分)我们都知道地球围着太阳转。

What will happen to the world is difficult to predict、(what在从句中作主语)世界将发生什么事情就是难
以预测得。

2.混淆which与whichever,who与whoever,what与whatever:which,who,what都含有一定得疑问,因此它们作为疑问代词。

whichever,whoever,whatever分别表示“无论哪一个,无论谁,无论什么”,表示一种陈述,不含疑问得语气。

whoever,whatever分别相当于the person who/anyone who、、、与any thing/the thing that。

Whatever I have is yours、我得东西都就是您得。

What made her sad was not known、不知道什么使她伤心。

三、主语从句得难点
1.由连词wh­引导得主语从句中,从句可放在句首,也可以用it作形式主语,把从句放在句末。

Whether he will be punished is not known、＝It is not known whether he will be punished、她就是否会受到惩罚还不知道。

2．主语从句中得虚拟语气:
在“It＋be＋形容词＋that从句”句型中,如果形容词为necessary,important,strange,natural等时,从句谓语动词常用“(should＋)动词原形”。

It is necessary and important that one(should)master the skill of operating puters so as to meet the need of a job、为了满足工作上得需要,掌握电脑操作技巧就是很有必要并且就是很重要得。

在“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”句型中,如果过去分词为suggested,advised,ordered,requested,required 等时,that从句谓语动词使用“(should＋)动词原形”。

It is suggested that the sports meeting (should) be put off、有人建议推迟举行运动会。

高考直击
(1)(2014·江苏改编)—What a mess! You are always so lazy!
—I'm not to blame, mum、 I am ________ you have made me、
(2)(2014·四川改编)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's ________ I was born、”
(3)(2014·北京改编) The best moment for the football star was ________ he scored the winning goal、
(4)(2014·陕西改编)________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather、
用合适得连接词填空
(1)It is by no means clear________ the president can do to end the strike、
(2)It doesn't matter ________ you pay by cash or credit card in this store、
(3)It suddenly occurred to him ________ he had left his keys in the office、
(4)I'd like to start my own business—that's________I'd do if I had the money、
(5)—The parents try to do everything for their son、
—That's________they are mistaken、
(6)She was ill、 That's________she didn't e today、。