英语被动语态+虚拟语气[1]
被动语态、虚拟语气 演示文稿
被动语态的用法 (1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。
Some new computers were stolen last night.
(2)没有必要或不愿意指出谁是动作的执行者。 Paper is made of wood.
(3)强调动பைடு நூலகம்的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 The window was broken by Mike. This book was written by him.
注意：1)主动语态变为被动语态，原句的时态、句式不变。 2)被动语态的谓语动词单复数随新主语的变化而变化 3）被动语态中的by短语，若by后为代词，要用宾格形式。
使用被动语态应注意的问题： 1.不及物动词(词组)不能用于被动语态： 常见的动词（词组）有happen, last, cost, appear, belong to,
3.一般将来时的被动语态构成：will／shall be＋done A meeting will be held next Tuesday.
4.过去将来时的被动语态构成：would be＋done She told us that those flowers would be moved to the park.
break out, take place ,consist of , add up to ,occur等，
The sweater cost me 80 yuan.
The war broken out in 1941. 2. 系动词不能用于被动语态： taste , feel , look , smell , sound ,
You should pay attention to your pronunciation.
高一英语直接引语和间接引语,被动语态,虚拟语气,定语从句语法知识总结和练习
一．直接引语和间接引语（一）直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。
间接引语一般构成宾语从句。
直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。
直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。
1．时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词said， asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态，即把原来的时态向过去推，也就是一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时，等等。
例如：Tom said to me，“My brother is doing his homework．”→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework．2．人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化：根据意义进行相应的变化，例如：She asked Jack，“Where have you been?”→She asked Jack where he had been．He said，“These books are mine．”→He said that those books were his．（二）直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。
直接引语如果是一般疑问句，用连接词whether或if；如果是特殊疑问句，则用疑问词引导间接引语。
转述的动词一般用asked，可以在其后加上一个间接宾语me， him， her， us等。
如：She said，“Is your father at home?”→She asked me if/whether my father was at home．“What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me．→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday．直接引语如果是祈使句，改为间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据原句的语气（即请求或命令）加上ask， tell， order 等动词，如果祈使句为否定式，则在不定式前加not。
英语成人高考复习-被动语态和虚拟语气
be型虚拟语气
2、表语从句中：
当主句主语为command , suggestion , demand ,order 等 （与1中动词同词根）以及idea , plan 等时（可用should + 动词原形代替；参见第十七章第三节“表语从句”）。 His order was that they (should ) stay where they were . 他的命令是他们呆在原地。
英语成人高考复习指导
基础知识复习-被动语态和虚拟 语气
Part1:被动语态和虚拟语气概述
英语动词除了时态，还有语态和语气的变化。
被动语态在英语中非常常见；
虚拟语气在现代英语中已趋于很少使用，《大纲》只 要求学生能读懂、理解虚拟语气的句子，不要求使用
。
Part2:被动语态
语态是表示句子的主语和谓语动词行为之间关系的
It is believed that he is right.
He is believed to be right.
大家相信他是对的。
被动语态的时态
一般过去时：
( He painted the wall white . →)
The wall was painted white . 墙油成了白色的。
be型虚拟语气
3、同位语从句中：
当其前为command , suggestion , demand , order 等（与1 中动词同词根）以及idea 等时（可用should + 动词原形代 替；参见第十七章第五节“同位语从句”）。 They received the order that they (should ) stay where they were. 他们得到命令让他们呆在原地。
英语10种被动语态用法
3、主动语态和被动语态的名称完全相同，而且均有相对应的关系。比如：现在与过去
3)表示过去行时
am being done
is being done
are being done
4、过去进行时
was being done
were being done
1)在现在某一时刻或某段时间里正在进行的动作。
2)按计划安排在现在的将来发生的动作。
1)在过去的某一时刻或某段时间里正在进行的动作。
2)按计划安排在过去的将来发生的动作。
5、现在完成时
has been done
have been done
6、过去完成时
had been done
1)动作发生在过去，对目前有影响
(注：瞬间性动词的已完成用法）
2)动作发生在过去一直延续到现在，对目前有影响。
(注：延续性动词的已完成或未完成用法）
1)过去有两个动作，其中一个动作发生时，
9、现在将来完成时
shall have been done
would have been done
10、过去将来完成时
should have been done
would have been done
1)在现在的将来某一时刻之前完成的动作。
1)在过去的将来某一时刻之前完成的动作。
特别说明：1、主动语态和被动语态的用法完全相同
另一个动作已经完成。
(注：过去的过去，用过去完成时）
7、现在将来时
shall be done
will be done
8、过去将来时
should be done
would be done
英语被动语态(高中虚拟语气知识点总结)
原创不容易，【关注】店铺，不迷路！初中英语被动语态的特点及用法第一，被动语态的形式1.被动语态的基本时间变化被动语态通常是十时态的被动形式，由be的过去分词组成，be随着时态的变化而变化。
以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式有：1)am/is/aredone(过去分词)一般现在时参观者请勿触摸展品。
2)已经/已经完成现在完成时这项任务的所有准备工作已经完成，我们准备开始了。
现在进行时这里正在建一座新电影院。
4)was/aredone简单过去式我有十分钟的时间来决定什么时候应该拒绝这个提议。
5)过去完成时到去年年底，北京又建成了一个新的东北。
过去进行时我在那里的时候，正在开会。
7)将来时如果工厂关闭，工作的孩子将会失去。
应该/将要做过去和将来时态消息一到达就会被发送给士兵的母亲。
9)将来应该/将要完成(很少使用)这个项目将在7月前完成。
2.被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带有情态动词的被动结构。
它的形式是：情态动词be过去分词。
婴儿应该由保姆好好照顾。
2)有些动词可以有两个宾语。
在被动结构中使用时，主动结构中的一个宾语可以变成主语，而另一个宾语保留在谓语后面。
通常成为主语的是间接宾语。
他妈妈送给他一份生日礼物。
可以改成他生日时妈妈送了他一份礼物。
3)“动词宾语补足语”的结构变成被动语态时，宾语变成被动结构中的主语，其余部分不动。
有人抓住了那个抽烟的男孩。
可以改成那个男孩抽烟被抓了。
4)当使役动词后面的不定式have、make、get和感觉动词see、watch、notice、hear、see、feel、observe用作宾语补足语时，主动结构中的不定式to应该省略，变成被动时再加。
有人看见一个陌生人走进大楼。
可以改成有人看见一个陌生人走进大楼。
5)有些相当于及物动词的动词短语，如“动词介词”、“动词副词”等，也可以用在被动结构中，但要作为一个整体，不能割裂开来。
介词或副词不能省略。
会议将推迟到星期五。
3.非谓语动词的被动语态动词（verb的缩写）ing形式和不定式do也有被动语态(一般时和完成时)。
语法被动语态虚拟语气宾语从句等
语法被动语态虚拟语气宾语从句等语法中的被动语态、虚拟语气和宾语从句是英语学习中非常重要的知识点。
它们在句子中扮演着不同的角色，帮助我们表达出各种不同的语意。
在接下来的文章中，我们将详细探讨这些语法规则以及它们的正确使用方法。
被动语态(Passive Voice)被动语态是一种常用的句式，在英语中常用来强调动作的承受者而非执行者。
一般而言，被动语态的构成是由“be”动词的不同时态加上过去分词构成的。
例如：1. The book was written by John.（这本书是由约翰写的。
）2. The car will be repaired tomorrow.（这辆车明天将被修理。
）3. The cake has been eaten.（蛋糕已经被吃掉了。
）虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)虚拟语气是一种用来表达假设、建议、愿望、命令等意思的语气。
在虚拟语气中，动词的形式通常不是直接以其字面意义使用。
下面是几个常见的虚拟语气用法：1. 假设：If I were you, I would study harder.（如果我是你，我会更加努力学习。
）2. 建议：I suggest that he go to bed early.（我建议他早点上床睡觉。
）3. 愿望：I wish I could speak Spanish fluently.（我希望我能流利地说西班牙语。
）4. 命令：It's essential that you be on time for the meeting.（你准时参加会议是很重要的。
）宾语从句(Object Clauses)宾语从句是一个在主句中作为宾语的完整句子。
宾语从句通常以连接词引导，常见的连接词包括“that”、“whether”、“if”、“why”、“when”等。
以下是一些宾语从句的例子：1. She doesn't know if/whether he will come or not.（她不知道他是否会来。
被动语态、虚拟语气
被动语态（be + 动词过去分词）（句子时态不改变）By表示被，后接人，人可以省略1、一般现在时am/is/are+动词过去分词He often cleans the classroom on Sunday. The classroom is often cleaned by him on Sunday.The worker repairs those machines at home. Those machines are repaired by the worker at home.2、一般过去式was/were +动词过去分词We built a new library in 1990. A new library was built by us in 1990.She gave me some papers when she came in. Some papers were given by her when she came in.3、一般将来时Will/shall/be + 动词过去分词We will/shall give a party on next Friday. A party will/shall be given by us on next Friday.Lucy will cook some meals for us as a reward of our help. Some meals will be cooked for us by Lucy as a reword of our help.4、现在进行时am/is/are + being + 动词过去分词The manager is making a working plan in his office, so don't disturb him.A working plan is being made by the manager, so don't disturb him.5、过去进行时was/were + being + 动词过去分词They were talking about a new movie when I entered the room. A new movie was being talked by them when I entered the room.6、现在完成时Has/have + been + 动词过去分词Our country has introduced more new technologies since the reform and opening policy.More new technologies have been introduced by our country since the reform and opening policy.7、过去完成时Had + been + 动词过去分词I had learned 5000 words by the age of 15. 5000 words had been learned by me by the age of 15.虚拟语气：由if,wish 等词引导，虚拟部分时态要比句子时态向前推一个，即与现在相反的假设，虚拟部分用过去式；与过去式相反的，虚拟部分用过去完成时I will I were _____________ If I were you, I would go aboard.If I had finished these work yesterday, I would have go for a picnic now.。
英语语法练习中的虚拟语气与被动语态应用
英语语法练习中的虚拟语气与被动语态应用在学习英语语法的过程中，虚拟语气和被动语态是两个常见的语法现象。
虚拟语气用于表达一种假设、愿望或建议，而被动语态则用于强调动作的承受者。
在实际应用中，我们常常会遇到虚拟语气和被动语态的练习题，下面就让我们来看看这两个语法现象在练习中的应用。
一、虚拟语气的练习应用1. 条件虚拟语气条件虚拟语气用于表示与事实相反的假设情况。
在练习题中，我们常常会遇到与现实相反的条件，需要用虚拟语气来表达。
例如：If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.（如果我是一只鸟，我会在天空中飞翔。
）这个句子中，使用了条件虚拟语气来表达与现实相反的情况，即“我不是一只鸟，但是如果我是一只鸟，我会飞翔”。
2. 愿望虚拟语气愿望虚拟语气用于表达对现实的愿望、期望或建议。
在练习题中，我们常常会遇到需要用虚拟语气来表达愿望的情况。
例如：I wish I could speak fluent English.（我希望我能说一口流利的英语。
）这个句子中，使用了愿望虚拟语气来表达对现实的愿望，即“我现在不能说流利的英语，但是我希望我能说”。
二、被动语态的练习应用被动语态用于强调动作的承受者，而不是执行者。
在练习题中，我们常常会遇到需要转换为被动语态的句子。
例如：The book was written by Mark Twain.（这本书是马克·吐温写的。
）这个句子中，使用了被动语态来强调动作的承受者，即“这本书是被马克·吐温写的”。
被动语态还可以用于强调某个事物的重要性或普遍性。
例如：English is spoken all over the world.（英语在世界各地都被使用。
）这个句子中，使用了被动语态来强调英语的普遍性，即“英语被全世界使用”。
三、虚拟语气与被动语态的综合应用在练习题中，我们还经常会遇到虚拟语气和被动语态的综合应用，需要根据语境进行分析和判断。
高考英语语法_虚拟语气详解_练习精讲[1]
![高考英语语法_虚拟语气详解_练习精讲[1]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/a0a87db1d5d8d15abe23482fb4daa58da0111c8a.png)
虚拟语气陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
如：0-0There are two sides to every question./ 0-1Were you busy all day yesterday?祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。
如：0-2Never be late again!/ 0-3Don’t forget to turn off the light.虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
如：0-4If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.一真实条件与非现实条件真实条件表示现实情况中可能实现的情况而非真实条件表示与现实情况相反的假想。
1-1 If the working conditions are not too bad, I will accept the job.如果工作条件不太差，我会接受这项工作。
(真实条件)1-2 If the working conditions were not too bad, I would accept the job.如果工作条件不太差，我就接受这项工作了。
(非真实条件)(事实是The working conditions are too bad,、I won't accept the job)1-3 He said if he failed, he would have another try.他说他如果失败，他还会再试一次。
(真实条件)1-4 If he had failed, he would have had another try.如果他失败的话，他会再试一次的。
(非真实条件)(事实是He didn't fail and he didn't have another try.二非真实条件句2.1 if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气should可用于各种人称，且不可以被would所代替。
高考英语每周一卷第十二周 用途各异的被动、虚拟语气、倍数和比较句型+Word版含答案
第十二周用途各异的被动、虚拟语气、倍数和比较句型被动、虚拟语气、倍数和比较等句型在写作中都属于高级句式，它们的合理运用都能给文章增色添彩。
一、用英文思维的被动语态英文中被动语态的使用比汉语要多，要普遍。
一般说来，当强调动作承受者、不必说出动作执行者或执行者含糊不清时，多用被动语态。
被动语态因为更突出客观事实而被广泛使用。
所以同学们在写作时也应该注意多用被动语态，以赢得更高的分数。
1．主动语态变被动语态①To enlarge vocabulary, we should read more native materials.→To enlarge vocabulary, more native materials should be read.②They carried out a survey among 260 students.→A survey was carried out among 260 students.2．写作中常见的被动语态(1)be＋过去分词(be可使用各种时态)①Nowadays, more and more English words are being used in the Chinese language. (2014·江苏高考书面表达)当今，越来越多的英语词汇正在汉语中使用。
②Luckily she was not badly injured and we sent her to the nearesthospital.(2014·湖北高考短文写作)幸运的是，她受伤不严重，并且我们把她送到了最近的医院。
(2)情态动词＋be＋过去分词①To improve the air quality, the use of private cars should be reduced.为了提高空气质量，应该减少使用私家车。
②As can be seen from the chart, more and more people own mobile phones in China now.正如从表中所看到的，如今在中国拥有手机的人越来越多。
被动语态讲义动词的语气
语态动词的语态表示主语与谓语之间的关系.英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语时谓语动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语时谓语动作的承受着.翻译：我们打扫了地板翻译：地板被打扫All kinds of bikes are sold in that shop.1，被动语态的基本结构Be+动词的过去分词助动词be 有时态，人称和数的变化，其变化形式与其作为连系动词的变化相同这本故事我已经看完纸是由木头做成的主动语态的结构：主语+谓语动词+宾语+其他被动语态结构：主语+谓语动词+by+宾语+其他People use radios for listening to the news.被动：We asked him to sing a song。
被动：We should take good care of our books.被动：情态动词的被动语态结构：情态动词+be+动词的过去分词We must finish it at once.被动：The dictionary may____________for 3 weeks.A.keepB.be keptC. borrowD.be borrowed含有复合宾语的句子变为主动语态主动语态中，不定式用作某些动词的宾语补足语时候要省去to，但再变为被动语态时，必须补上省去的to，常用的这类动词有：hear，make，let，see，notice，watchWe saw the boy go into the room.The boy was seen to go into the room.We heard Li Lei sing loudly.被动：The students in this school are made________school uniforms on Monday.A.To wearB.wearingC.wearD.worn技巧记忆：感使动词好奇怪，to 去to来令人猜。
虚拟语气,被动语态详解
虚拟语气,被动语态详解1 语气(mood)语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2 语气的种类⑴、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
如：①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。
②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！⑵、祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。
如：①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。
②Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。
⑶、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
如：①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。
③May you succeed!祝您成功！虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。
让我们就从最简单的开始吧。
第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。
如：⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。
二、表祝愿。
1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。
⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运！⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐！⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。
英语被动语态+虚拟语气
英语被动语态+虚拟语⽓英语被动语态动词的被动语态⼀般⽤于强调受者，做题时谓语动词后通常不再有名词或宾语。
动词的被动语态⼀般不单独考，⽽是和时态、语⽓和⾮谓语动词⼀起考，需要注意以下考点。
考点⼀：不能⽤于被动语态的动词和词组come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong to, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeed.It took place before liberation.考点⼆：下列动词的主动语态表⽰被动意义,⽽且常与well, quite, easily, badly等副词连⽤：lock, wash, sell, read, wear, blame, ride , writeGlass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎。
The car rides smoothly. 这车⾛起来很稳。
The case locks easily. 这箱⼦很好锁。
The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。
注意: 被动语态句⼦仍然有各种时态变化。
由于构成被动语态的⾏为动词变成了动词-ed形式，所以被动语态句⼦的时态都要体现在助动词be上。
1. be + done2. may/can/must + be done3. be being + done4. have been done使⽤被动语态应注意下⾯⼏点：1. 短语动词的被动语态，要保持短语动词的完整性，动词后⾯的介词或副词切记不可遗漏。
如：put on, put up, take care of, call on, depend on, make use of, pay attention to, etc.eg: These books must be taken good care of.The children were well looked after.2. 带双宾语的动词( give, send, take, bring, teach, tell, offer, sing, promise, make, write, ask, lend, show, pay等)的被动语态：将其中⼀个宾语变成主语，另⼀个宾语作为保留宾语，或变为介词宾语，作状语。
虚拟语气 (Subjunctive Mood)
虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)I.形式：（五种）1). 原形形式(base form)e.g., It is / was necessary that we / you / he start at once.Amanda urges / urged / has urged that we / you / heaccept the post.虚拟语气原形形式有被动语态形式，由助动词be的原形形式加主动词的-ed形式构成。
e.g., Mr. Black insists / insisted that I be punished.The committee proposes / proposed (that) Mr. Day beelected.虚拟语气通常只用一般体，表示强调时也可以用进行体，但没有完成体和完成进行体。
e.g., The photographer asks that the Prime Minister be sittingat his desk when the photographs are taken.虚拟语气原形形式的否定式不需要助动词do帮助，通常直接将not置于动词之前构成。
e.g., It is essential that this mission not fail.They insisted that we not eat meat.If that be not the case, I shall leave.He recommended that the prisoner not be / be notreleased.2). 一般式(indefinite form), 即一般体(indefinite aspect),表示主观设想在说话或主句表示的时间的同时或之后发生的情况。
e.g., I wish I were / was at the beach now.If I knew him, I would tell him about it.They are / were talking as if they were good friends.注意：在It is time (that)后通常用I was而不用I were; 在ifI were you中通常用I were而不用I was; 在as itwere中只能用were, 不能用was; 在不用连词的非真实条件状语从句中，也只能用were, 不能用was。
【英语】英语被动语态用法详解(1)
【英语】英语被动语态用法详解(1)一、单项选择被动语态1． in a red dress, she was easy to in the big crowd at the airport.A．Being dressed; pick out B．Dressed; pick outC．Dressed; be picked out D．Having dressed; pick out【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查过去分词和动词短语。
句意：因为她穿着红色的裙子，所以在机场的人群中很容易被认出来。
be dressed in穿着……，作状语表状态，故用dressed。
sb be easy to do sth主动形式表达被动意思，所以用pick out。
故B选项正确。
【点睛】主动形式表被动意义的不定式1.主语＋be +adj. +to do。
能用于此句型的形容词有: difficult, easy, comfortable, fit, hard, pleasant, tiresome(使人疲劳的), interesting, nice, heavy, dangerous, light, important, etc.注意：当上述形容词在句中作宾语补足语，后接不定式时，不定式也用主动形式表达被动含义。
2.主语+be +adj. + enough +to do。
3.主语+be +too +adj. +to do。
4.不定式短语作后置定语时，如果主语是不定式动词短语的逻辑主语。
则采用不定式的主动形式表被动概念。
I have a meeting to attend today.5.There be 句型中，用来修饰主语的不定式多用主动。
6.在“疑问代词 + 不定式”结构中。
7.let, to blame, to seek等用不定主动形式表示被动含义。
8. with+O.+to do 结构中，不定式作宾补时，常用主动表被动，且表将要发生的动作。
初中语法复习被动语态与虚拟语气
初中语法复习被动语态与虚拟语气初中语法复习：被动语态与虚拟语气在初中英语学习中，被动语态和虚拟语气是两个需要重点掌握和复习的语法知识点。
本文将介绍被动语态和虚拟语气的基本概念、构成方式以及在实际运用中的注意事项。
一、被动语态（Passive Voice）被动语态是英语中常用的一种语态形式，用来描述动作或者状态施加于主语而产生的结果。
在被动语态中，动作的承受者成为主语，而动作的执行者则变成介词"by"加上执行者。
被动语态的构成方式为：被动助动词 + 过去分词。
被动语态的使用需要注意以下几点：1. 当强调动作的承受者时，使用被动语态：例如：The book was written by Tom.（这本书是汤姆写的。
）2. 当不知道或者不重要动作的执行者时，使用被动语态：例如：The window was broken.（窗户被打破了。
）3. 当描述自然法则或者客观情况时，使用被动语态：例如：Water is heated at 100 degrees Celsius.（水在100摄氏度被加热。
）二、虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）虚拟语气是英语中用来表达假设、愿望、建议、要求等非真实情况的一种语气形式。
虚拟语气的构成方式多种多样，下面将介绍几种常见的虚拟语气用法。
1. 虚拟语气用于假设情况下：当表达与现实事实相反的假设情况时，通常使用"were"代替"was"，并配合动词的原型形式。
例如：If I were you, I would study harder.（如果我是你，我会更加努力学习。
）2. 虚拟语气用于愿望或者建议：当表达对现实的愿望或者建议时，使用"should"或者"would"加动词的原型形式。
例如：I wish she would come to my party.（我希望她能来参加我的聚会。
语法专题7—被动语态和虚拟语气
12. I’m not sure they might ask Tom to speak at the meeting. ----I’m not sure Tom might be asked to speak at the meeting.
在学习被动语态中要注意的问题
在上面我们已经初步了解了被动语态的构成和主动变被动的方问题。
I: 一些使役动词(let, have, make等)或感观动词(see, hear, watch, notice等)
在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式不带to，但改为被动语态时，要
C. The teacher let them leave the classroom after class.
D.
---They were let to leave the classroom by the teacher after class.
D. We hear her sing in the room every day.
4. 过去将来时态中被动语态的构成： would be + pp 或 was/were going to be + pp
The manager said the project would be completed soon. =The manager said the project was going to be completed soon.
2) 连系动词或者说是五觉动词没有被动语态 因为连系动词或者说是五觉动词属于不及物动词 如：look, sound, smell, feel, taste 这些动词 This apple is tasted nice. 是错误的。 正确的是：This apple tastes nice.
高考英语：写作中的高级表达+妙记11+用途各异的被动语态、虚拟语气、倍数和比较句型
妙记11 用途各异的被动语态、虚拟语气、倍数和比较句型被动语态、虚拟语气、倍数和比较句型等在书面表达中都属于高级句式，它们的合理运用都能给文章增色添彩。
一、用英文思维的被动语态英文中被动语态的使用比汉语更多、更普遍。
一般说来，当强调动作的承受者、不必说出动作的执行者或执行者不明确时，多用被动语态。
被动语态因为更突出客观事实而被广泛使用。
所以同学们在写作时也应该注意多用被动语态，以赢得更高的分数。
1．主动语态变被动语态①We can borrow at most five books at a time, and we can keep them for ten days.→At most five books can be borrowed at a time and they can be kept for ten days.②When we put some waste chemicals into the sea, they can hurt or kill animals and fish.→When some waste chemicals are put into the sea, they can hurt or kill animals and fish.2．写作中常见的被动语态(1)be＋过去分词(be可使用各种时态)①The exhibition will be held from 9：00 am to 5：00 pm the day after tomorrow in the artgallery.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)展览将于后天上午9时至下午5时在美术馆举行。
②Nowadays, more and more English words are being used in the Chinese language.(2014·江苏高考书面表达)当今，越来越多的英语词汇正在汉语中使用。
中考被动语态与虚拟语气中的时态与语态转换
中考被动语态与虚拟语气中的时态与语态转换中考英语中，被动语态和虚拟语气是考察的重点之一。
准确理解和掌握时态与语态的转换对于正确运用被动语态和虚拟语气是至关重要的。
本文将探讨中考英语中被动语态和虚拟语气的时态与语态转换。
一、被动语态的时态转换被动语态是描述句子的主语是动作的承受者的一种语态。
在时态转换时，我们要根据主动语态的时态和语态进行转换。
1. 一般现在时的转换一般现在时的被动语态由“am/is/are + 过去分词”构成。
例如，“They clean the classroom every day.”（他们每天清扫教室。
）的被动语态为“They are cleaned by them every day.”（每天都由他们清扫。
）2. 一般过去时的转换一般过去时的被动语态由“was/were + 过去分词”构成。
例如，“She wrote a book last year.”（去年她写了一本书。
）的被动语态为“A book was written by her last year.”（一本书去年被她写了。
）3. 一般将来时的转换一般将来时的被动语态由“will + be + 过去分词”构成。
例如，“They will build a new house.”（他们将建造一座新房子。
）的被动语态为“A new house will be built by them.”（一座新房子将被他们建造。
）4. 现在进行时的转换现在进行时的被动语态由“am/is/are + being + 过去分词”构成。
例如，“He is painting the wall now.”（他正在刷墙。
）的被动语态为“The wallis being painted by him now.”（墙正在被他刷。
）5. 过去进行时的转换过去进行时的被动语态由“was/were + being + 过去分词”构成。
例如，“They were cleaning the house yesterday.”（昨天他们正在打扫房间。
语法3-虚拟语气
3.与将来事实相反
1. Everybody would be very happy if the hot
summer were to be finished tomorrow. 2.If I were to fail my Maths test, I would have to take it again at the end of the term. 3.If he should come tomorrow, I would talk to him about it. 4.If he should come tomorrow, I would talk to him about it. 5.If I were to go abroad, I would go to France. 6.If it should rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.
1、if条件句中的虚拟语气
2）if虚拟条件句
条件从句 与现在事实相反 过去式 did/were 与过去事实相反 与将来事实相反
had+过去分词
结果主句
would/should/could/ might+动词原形
would/should/could/might+ have 过去分词
were+不定式 would/should/could/ should +动词原形 might+动词原形
动词被动语态要点回顾
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
据说…… It is said that … 据报导…… It is reported that … 据推测…… It is supposed that … 希望…… It is hoped that … 众所周知…… It is well known that …
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英语被动语态动词的被动语态一般用于强调受者，做题时谓语动词后通常不再有名词或宾语。
动词的被动语态一般不单独考，而是和时态、语气和非谓语动词一起考，需要注意以下考点。
考点一：不能用于被动语态的动词和词组come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong to, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeed.It took place before liberation.考点二：下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义,而且常与well, quite, easily, badly等副词连用：lock, wash, sell, read, wear, blame, ride , writeGlass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎。
The car rides smoothly. 这车走起来很稳。
The case locks easily. 这箱子很好锁。
The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。
注意: 被动语态句子仍然有各种时态变化。
由于构成被动语态的行为动词变成了动词-ed形式，所以被动语态句子的时态都要体现在助动词be上。
1. be + done2. may/can/must + be done3. be being + done4. have been done使用被动语态应注意下面几点：1. 短语动词的被动语态，要保持短语动词的完整性，动词后面的介词或副词切记不可遗漏。
如：put on, put up, take care of, call on, depend on, make use of, pay attention to, etc.eg: These books must be taken good care of.The children were well looked after.2. 带双宾语的动词( give, send, take, bring, teach, tell, offer, sing, promise, make, write, ask, lend, show, pay等)的被动语态：将其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个宾语作为保留宾语，或变为介词宾语，作状语。
eg: We gave him some picture-books.→ He was given some picture-books.→ Some picture-books were given to him.** 动词anwer, refuse, save, spare常用间宾(人)作被动句的主语。
eg: He refused me my request.→ I was refused my request.She spared him much time on such silly things.→He was spared much time on such silly things.3．带复合宾语的动词(A) (see, watch, hear, make, let, have, feel等)的被动语态：变为被动语态时，原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语。
宾语补足语为不定式的，原来不带to，要加上to.eg: I saw her step in and have a talk with Hong.→Sh e was seen to step in and have a talk with Hong.(B) believe, call, choose, consider, elect, make, name, regard, think, etc. (V.+sb.+ N.双宾) (OC to SC.)eg: They elected him chairman of the team.→ He was elected chairman of the team.4. 情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+ be +动词-edeg: We can divide an atom.→ An atom can be divided.被动语态基本功过关一.选择题.1. _______ a new library _______ in our school last year?A. Is; builtB. Was; builtC. Does; buildD. Did; build2. An accident _______ on this road last week.A. has been happenedB. was happenedC. is happenedD. happened3. Cotton _______ in the southeast of China.A. is grownB. are grownC. growsD. grow4. So far, the moon _______ by man already.A. is visitedB. will be visitedC. has been visitedD. was visited5. A talk on Chinese history _______ in the school hall next week.A. is givenB. has been givenC. will be givenD. gives6. A lot of things _______ by people to save the little girl now.A. are doingB. are being doneC. has been doneD. will be done7. The doctor _______ for yet.A. isn't sentB. hasn't been sentC. won't be sentD. wasn't sent8.--When _______ this kind of computers _______? --Last year.A. did; useB. was; usedC. is; usedD. are; used9. Who _______ this book _______?A. did; writtenB. was; written byC. did; writtenD. was; written10. Mary _______ show me her new dictionary.A. has asked toB. was asked toC. is askedD. asks to11. A story _______ by Granny yesterday.A. was told usB. was told to usC. is told usD. told us12. The monkey was seen _______ off the tree.A. jumpB. jumpsC. jumpedD. to jump13. Older people _______ well.A. looks afterB. must be looked afterC. must look afterD. looked after14. Our teacher _______ carefully.A. should be listened toB. should be listenC. be listenedD. is listened15. In some part of the world, tea _______ with milk and sugar.A. is servingB. is servedC. servesD. served16. It was reported that the murderer凶手_______ arrested 逮捕.A. has beenB. had beenC. hasD. had17. Do you think that the bridge _______ in a year?A. would be completedB. will be completedC. had been completedD. is being completed18. Great changes _______ in China since the People’s Republic of China _______ in 1949.A. have taken place; was foundedB. has taken place; was foundedC. have been taken place; foundedD. took place; founded19. —Why does Ling Ling look so unhappy? —She has _______ by her classmates.A. laughedB. laughed atC. been laughedD. been laughed at20. Doctors _______ in every part of the world.A. needB. are needingC. are neededD. will need二.将下列主动句改为被动句.1.The teacher gave us a course of lecture（讲座）yesterday.2.I looked after a pet dog for me.3.They pushed down the wall.4.Students buy millions of computer magazines every year.5. The principal负责人owns that computer.6. Shops sell millions of computer games every day around the world.7. Companies use advertisements to sell computer games.8. The government provides useful information on its website.1-5 BDACC 6-10 BBBBB 11-15 BDBAB 16-20 BBADC1. We were given a course of lecture (by the teacher) yesterday. （间接宾语作被动句主语）A course of lecture was given to us (by the teacher) yesterday. （直接宾语作被动句主语）2.A pet dog was looked after by him for me.3.The wall was pushed down.4. Millions of computer magazines are bought by students every year.5. That computer is owned by the principal.6. Millions of computer games are sold by shops every day around the world.7. Advertisements are used by companies to sell computer games.8. Useful information are provided on its website by the government.虚拟语气两种常考的虚拟语气句型：If it weren’t for…和If it hadn’t been for…一、句型介绍这两个句型是If it weren’t for…和If it hadn’t been for…，这是两个很常用的虚拟语气句型，也经常受到命题人的青睐，其意为“若不是(有)”“要不是有”。