6各种从句的翻译
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3
状语和状语从句的翻译
概述
时间 原因 条件 让步 目的
4
一、时间状语从句的译法
译成相应的表示时间的状语 译成“刚……就……”的句式 译成并列分句
5
一、时间状语从句的译法
译成相应的表示时间的状语 1. While she spoke, the tears were running down. 她说话时，泪水直流。 2.Pleasae turn off the lights when you leave the room. 离屋时请关灯。
21
五、表示目的的状语从句
译成表“目的”的前置分句 译成表“目的”的后置分句
22
译成表“目的”的前置分句 He pushed open the door gently and stole out of the room for fear that he should awake her. 为了不惊醒她，他轻轻推开房门，悄悄地溜了 出去。
修饰some, any, no, every 等词构成的不定代 词和名词things, matters 的adj. There is nothing unexpected about it.
30
模式二 中心词+短语or从句
副词 They live in the room above. 具有表语力量的形容词 I am the happiest man alive. All the people present began to shout: “Welcome!”
各种从句的翻译
同位语从句 定语从句 状语从句 宾语从句
1
专升本英语翻译
语法（从句翻译） 词汇和词组（固定搭配）
2
Part IV. Translation (20 points)
翻译部分句子有几个特点：句子意思完整清楚；句子内容仅 涉及一般日常生活或科普知识；句子结构上大多数为简单句， 少数为复杂句或并列句；句子长度在6—20个单词左右，基本 不涉及太难或生僻词汇。 翻译过程包括两个阶段：正确理解和充分表达。理解是表 达的前提，而表达是理解的目的和结果，二者缺一不可。因 此，考生在做英译汉部分试题时： (1)切记不可急躁，一定要先通读全句。把握全句的主旨。 (2)在着重理解句子时，首先要在语义上弄清全句的整体意 思和每个单词的意思； 其次要分析清楚句子结构，找出各分句之间的关系。 (3)可考虑先打一份翻译草稿，再根据句子意义和汉语结构 进行调整。 (4) 切不可忘记标点符号，否则容易失分！
一位外国经济学家说道，“我们这个国家不讨饭就活不下去。 There be 句型
There is a man downstairs who wants to see you. 楼下有人要见你。
37
2.4 译成原因、结果、让步、目的、条 件状语从句
He did not remember his father who died when he was three years old.（原因） 他不记得他父亲了, 因为他父亲死时他才三岁。 In office, figures, lists and information are compiled which tell the managers or heads of the business what is happening in their shops or factories 在办公室里, 工作人员将各种数据、表格和信息加以 汇编, 以便让经理或主管人员了解他们的商店或工厂 目前正在发生的情况。（目的）
6
3.When censorship laws are relaxed, dishonest people are given a chance to produce virtually anything in the name of “art”
当审查放宽时, 招摇撞骗之徒就会有机可乘, 在“艺术”的幌子下炮制出形形色 色的东西 来。
一座石头砌的大厦 萎谢的花 开着的水 开水 无可挽救的事 升起了的太阳
29
模式二 中心词+短语or从句
以-able, -ible 结尾的形容词
This is the only reference book available here on the subject. This is the earliest edition obtainable.
为了，省得，免得，以免，以便，生怕等等
23
译成表“目的”的后置分句 The murderer ran away as fast as he could, so that he might not be caught red-handed. 凶手尽快地跑开，以免被人当场抓获。
24
①Within 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract, ②the Buyer③ shall proceed to pay the price for the goods to the Seller④ by opening an irrevocable L/C ⑤for the full amount of USD 30,000 ⑥in favor of the Seller ⑦through a bank at export point ⑩so that the Seller may draw the sum in due time.
7
译成“刚……就……”的句式 1.He had hardly rushed into the room when he shouted, “Fire! Fire！” 他刚跑进屋里就大声喊：“着火了！着火了！” 2.He had scarcely handed me the letter when he asked me to read it. 他把信一交给我，就叫我念给他听。
13
三、表示条件的状语从句
译成表“条件”的分句 译成表“假设”的分句 译成表补充说明情况的分句
14
译成表“条件”的分句 1. It was better in case they were captured. 要是把他们捉到了，那就更好了。
15
译成表“假设”的分句 If one of them collapsed, as they often did, the guide used to carry him over the mountains. 如果其中一个人垮了，这种事时常在他们中间发 生，向导就要背着他过山。
8
译成并列分句 1. He shouted as he ran. 2. They set him free when his ransom had not yet been paid. 他还没有交赎金，他们就把他释放了。
9
二、原因状语从句
译成表“因”的分句 译成因果偏正复句中的主句 译成不用关联词而因果关系内含的并列分句
他居然种出了二百个奇迹般的西红柿，每个重达两傍。 It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.
是他接到那封信，说你的叔叔去世了
36
2.3 融合法—译成谓语, 表语和主语合 并译成主语
系表结构 “We are a nation that must beg to stay alive,” said a foreign economist.
16
译成表补充说明情况的分句—后置 You can drive tonight if you are ready. 你今晚可以出车，如果你愿意的话。
17
四、表示让步的状语从句
译成表“让步”的分句 译成表“无条件”的分句
18
译成表“让步”的分句 Although he seems hearty and outgoing in public, Mr. Cooks is a withdrawn, introverted man. 虽然库克先生在公共场合中是热情而开朗的，但 他却是一个孤僻的、性格内向的人。
11
1.
译成因果偏正复句中的主句 Because he was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he stuck to his opinion. 他深信这件事正确可靠，因此坚持己见。
12
译成不用关联词而因果关系内含的并列分句 1.After all, it did not matter much, because in 24 hours, they were going to be free. 反正关系不大，二十四小时以后他们就要自由了。 （语气） 2. He was not only surprised but, to start with, extremely suspicious, as he had every reason to be. 他不但惊讶而且首先是十分怀疑，他这样感觉是完全 有理由的。
10
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
二、原因状语从句
译成表“因”的分句 1. The crops failed because the season was dry. 因为气候干旱，作物歉收。 2. We have to put the meeting off since so many people were absent.
31
模式二 中心词+短语or从句
由连词 “or”, “and”, “either…or”, “both.. and…” 连 接的定语 Every nation, big or small, has its strong and weak points. 短语作定语 He suggested a method at once economical and practical.
在他手下工作的人对他怕得要死。
34
2. 2 译成并列分句——后置法
当定语从句较长时,将其译成并列分句, 放置 于原来它所修饰词的后面。先行词可保留并 在第二个分句中重复；亦可省略。
35
He managed to raise a crop of 200 miracle tomatoes that weighed up to two ponds each.
32
2、翻译方法
2.1 译成定语——前置法 2.2 译成并列分句——后置法 2.3 融合法—
译成谓语, 表语和主语合并译成主语
2.4
译成原因、结果、让步、目的、条件状语从句。
33
2.1 译成定语——前置法
译成带“的”的定语词置于
被修饰词之前，复合句译成 汉语的简单句。
The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him.
25
①If the technical documents ②are found lost, damaged or mutilated ③during air transportation, ④ Party B shall supply Party A free of charge with a second set of the document, ⑤ within the shortest possible time but not later than thirty days ⑥after it has received from Party A the written notice.
26
定语从句的译法
27
1、英汉定语的比 英语 较：
模式一 单词定语+中心词 模式二 中心词+短语or从句 汉语： 模式一 定语+中心词
28
模式一 单词定语+中心词
A stone building Faded flowers Boiling water Boiled water A gone case The risen sun
19
While I grant his honesty, I suspect his memory. 虽然我对他的诚实没有疑义，但我对他的记忆 力却感到怀疑。
20
译成表“无条件”的分句 No matter what misfortune befell him, he always squared his shoulders and said: “Never mind, I’ll work harder.” 不管他遭受什么不幸事儿，他总是把胸一挺，说 “没关系，我再加把劲儿。”
状语和状语从句的翻译
概述
时间 原因 条件 让步 目的
4
一、时间状语从句的译法
译成相应的表示时间的状语 译成“刚……就……”的句式 译成并列分句
5
一、时间状语从句的译法
译成相应的表示时间的状语 1. While she spoke, the tears were running down. 她说话时，泪水直流。 2.Pleasae turn off the lights when you leave the room. 离屋时请关灯。
21
五、表示目的的状语从句
译成表“目的”的前置分句 译成表“目的”的后置分句
22
译成表“目的”的前置分句 He pushed open the door gently and stole out of the room for fear that he should awake her. 为了不惊醒她，他轻轻推开房门，悄悄地溜了 出去。
修饰some, any, no, every 等词构成的不定代 词和名词things, matters 的adj. There is nothing unexpected about it.
30
模式二 中心词+短语or从句
副词 They live in the room above. 具有表语力量的形容词 I am the happiest man alive. All the people present began to shout: “Welcome!”
各种从句的翻译
同位语从句 定语从句 状语从句 宾语从句
1
专升本英语翻译
语法（从句翻译） 词汇和词组（固定搭配）
2
Part IV. Translation (20 points)
翻译部分句子有几个特点：句子意思完整清楚；句子内容仅 涉及一般日常生活或科普知识；句子结构上大多数为简单句， 少数为复杂句或并列句；句子长度在6—20个单词左右，基本 不涉及太难或生僻词汇。 翻译过程包括两个阶段：正确理解和充分表达。理解是表 达的前提，而表达是理解的目的和结果，二者缺一不可。因 此，考生在做英译汉部分试题时： (1)切记不可急躁，一定要先通读全句。把握全句的主旨。 (2)在着重理解句子时，首先要在语义上弄清全句的整体意 思和每个单词的意思； 其次要分析清楚句子结构，找出各分句之间的关系。 (3)可考虑先打一份翻译草稿，再根据句子意义和汉语结构 进行调整。 (4) 切不可忘记标点符号，否则容易失分！
一位外国经济学家说道，“我们这个国家不讨饭就活不下去。 There be 句型
There is a man downstairs who wants to see you. 楼下有人要见你。
37
2.4 译成原因、结果、让步、目的、条 件状语从句
He did not remember his father who died when he was three years old.（原因） 他不记得他父亲了, 因为他父亲死时他才三岁。 In office, figures, lists and information are compiled which tell the managers or heads of the business what is happening in their shops or factories 在办公室里, 工作人员将各种数据、表格和信息加以 汇编, 以便让经理或主管人员了解他们的商店或工厂 目前正在发生的情况。（目的）
6
3.When censorship laws are relaxed, dishonest people are given a chance to produce virtually anything in the name of “art”
当审查放宽时, 招摇撞骗之徒就会有机可乘, 在“艺术”的幌子下炮制出形形色 色的东西 来。
一座石头砌的大厦 萎谢的花 开着的水 开水 无可挽救的事 升起了的太阳
29
模式二 中心词+短语or从句
以-able, -ible 结尾的形容词
This is the only reference book available here on the subject. This is the earliest edition obtainable.
为了，省得，免得，以免，以便，生怕等等
23
译成表“目的”的后置分句 The murderer ran away as fast as he could, so that he might not be caught red-handed. 凶手尽快地跑开，以免被人当场抓获。
24
①Within 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract, ②the Buyer③ shall proceed to pay the price for the goods to the Seller④ by opening an irrevocable L/C ⑤for the full amount of USD 30,000 ⑥in favor of the Seller ⑦through a bank at export point ⑩so that the Seller may draw the sum in due time.
7
译成“刚……就……”的句式 1.He had hardly rushed into the room when he shouted, “Fire! Fire！” 他刚跑进屋里就大声喊：“着火了！着火了！” 2.He had scarcely handed me the letter when he asked me to read it. 他把信一交给我，就叫我念给他听。
13
三、表示条件的状语从句
译成表“条件”的分句 译成表“假设”的分句 译成表补充说明情况的分句
14
译成表“条件”的分句 1. It was better in case they were captured. 要是把他们捉到了，那就更好了。
15
译成表“假设”的分句 If one of them collapsed, as they often did, the guide used to carry him over the mountains. 如果其中一个人垮了，这种事时常在他们中间发 生，向导就要背着他过山。
8
译成并列分句 1. He shouted as he ran. 2. They set him free when his ransom had not yet been paid. 他还没有交赎金，他们就把他释放了。
9
二、原因状语从句
译成表“因”的分句 译成因果偏正复句中的主句 译成不用关联词而因果关系内含的并列分句
他居然种出了二百个奇迹般的西红柿，每个重达两傍。 It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.
是他接到那封信，说你的叔叔去世了
36
2.3 融合法—译成谓语, 表语和主语合 并译成主语
系表结构 “We are a nation that must beg to stay alive,” said a foreign economist.
16
译成表补充说明情况的分句—后置 You can drive tonight if you are ready. 你今晚可以出车，如果你愿意的话。
17
四、表示让步的状语从句
译成表“让步”的分句 译成表“无条件”的分句
18
译成表“让步”的分句 Although he seems hearty and outgoing in public, Mr. Cooks is a withdrawn, introverted man. 虽然库克先生在公共场合中是热情而开朗的，但 他却是一个孤僻的、性格内向的人。
11
1.
译成因果偏正复句中的主句 Because he was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he stuck to his opinion. 他深信这件事正确可靠，因此坚持己见。
12
译成不用关联词而因果关系内含的并列分句 1.After all, it did not matter much, because in 24 hours, they were going to be free. 反正关系不大，二十四小时以后他们就要自由了。 （语气） 2. He was not only surprised but, to start with, extremely suspicious, as he had every reason to be. 他不但惊讶而且首先是十分怀疑，他这样感觉是完全 有理由的。
10
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
二、原因状语从句
译成表“因”的分句 1. The crops failed because the season was dry. 因为气候干旱，作物歉收。 2. We have to put the meeting off since so many people were absent.
31
模式二 中心词+短语or从句
由连词 “or”, “and”, “either…or”, “both.. and…” 连 接的定语 Every nation, big or small, has its strong and weak points. 短语作定语 He suggested a method at once economical and practical.
在他手下工作的人对他怕得要死。
34
2. 2 译成并列分句——后置法
当定语从句较长时,将其译成并列分句, 放置 于原来它所修饰词的后面。先行词可保留并 在第二个分句中重复；亦可省略。
35
He managed to raise a crop of 200 miracle tomatoes that weighed up to two ponds each.
32
2、翻译方法
2.1 译成定语——前置法 2.2 译成并列分句——后置法 2.3 融合法—
译成谓语, 表语和主语合并译成主语
2.4
译成原因、结果、让步、目的、条件状语从句。
33
2.1 译成定语——前置法
译成带“的”的定语词置于
被修饰词之前，复合句译成 汉语的简单句。
The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him.
25
①If the technical documents ②are found lost, damaged or mutilated ③during air transportation, ④ Party B shall supply Party A free of charge with a second set of the document, ⑤ within the shortest possible time but not later than thirty days ⑥after it has received from Party A the written notice.
26
定语从句的译法
27
1、英汉定语的比 英语 较：
模式一 单词定语+中心词 模式二 中心词+短语or从句 汉语： 模式一 定语+中心词
28
模式一 单词定语+中心词
A stone building Faded flowers Boiling water Boiled water A gone case The risen sun
19
While I grant his honesty, I suspect his memory. 虽然我对他的诚实没有疑义，但我对他的记忆 力却感到怀疑。
20
译成表“无条件”的分句 No matter what misfortune befell him, he always squared his shoulders and said: “Never mind, I’ll work harder.” 不管他遭受什么不幸事儿，他总是把胸一挺，说 “没关系，我再加把劲儿。”