(浙江专版)2017高考英语二轮复习专题限时集训15阅读理解训练1细节理解题(Ⅰ)

专题限时集训(十五) 阅读理解
训练1 细节理解题(Ⅰ)
A
(2016·河北冀州中学模拟)
High Speed Learning Center
Express Your Opinion
The Letters to the Editor column in your local paper is a public place for expressing opinions on matters of interest to all citizens.In this course，you will learn how to express your opinions well and improve your chances of getting your letter published.
Fridays，8：45－10：00 p．m.
Write It Right
Writing a research paper involves more than gathering information.It is essential to organize your information，document your sources，and express your ideas clearly.This course is specifically designed for students preparing to enter college.
Tuesdays，3：30－5：00 p．m.
Fiction Workshop
This course is for writers who are currently working on a novel or short story.Class time will be spent reading and critiquing(评论)classmates' work.
Saturdays，9：30－11：30 a．m.
Report It
Have you always dreamed of being a journalist for a newspaper or magazine? This course will cover the basics of gathering news and turning it into interesting newspaper and magazine articles.
Wednesdays，1：00－3：00 p．m.
Writing to Sell
In this course，you will learn to write advertisements that will attract more customers to your products or business.Previous business writing experience is required.
Thursdays，9：30－11：30 a．m.
Retelling Old Favorites
Do you remember the traditional fairy tales that you loved as a kid? In this
course，you will rewrite some of your favorite old tales in new ways that will delight youngsters in your life.
Tuesdays，5：00－7：00 p．m.
The Art of Correspondence(通信)
Have you always wished you could write more elegantly? This course will help you develop your own style when writing letters of friendship，thanks，invitation，congratulations，and so on.
Mondays，5：00－7：00 p．m.
本文是一篇广告。

主要介绍了High Speed Learning Center推出的几门课程。

1．Expressing Your Opinion will help you．
A. get your views published
B．become a local paper's editor
C．write a letter in your own style
D．attract the interest of most citizens
A[细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“In this course，you will learn how to express your opinions well and improve your chances of getting your letter published.”可知。

]
2．Those who are going to start university may choose．
A．Writing to Sell
B. Write It Right
C．Express Your Opinion
D．The Art of Correspondence
B[细节理解题。

根据Write It Right部分中的“This course is specifically designed for students preparing to enter college.”可知。

]
3．If you are interested in recreating fairy tales，you may choose the class．
A．at 1：00－3：00p.m.on Wednesdays
B．at 5：00－7：00 p．m.on Tuesdays
C．at 8：45－10：00 p．m.on Fridays
D．at 9：30－11：30 a．m.on Thursdays
B[细节理解题。

根据Retelling Old Favorites部分可知。

]
【导学号：85602064】
B
(2016·洛阳模拟)
A team of British surgeons has carried out Gaza's (加沙) first organ transplant for a long­term plan to train local medical st aff to perform the operations.
Two patients underwent kidney (肾脏) transplants at the Shifa，Gaza's biggest public hospital.The operations were conducted a fortnight ago by a volunteer medical team from the Royal Liverpool hospital.
Ziad Matouk，42，was born with one kidney and was diagnosed with renal failure (肾衰竭) several years ago.Matouk，whose wife donated one of her kidneys，hopes to return to his job within six months.The couple had sought a transplant in Cairo，but were rejected as unsuitable at a state hospital and could not afford the fee at a private hospital.“We were desperate，” said Matouk.
The UK­Gaza link­up began about a year ago after Abdelkader Hammad，a doctor at the Royal Liverpool hospital，was contacted by an anaesthetist (麻醉师) at the Shifa，who outlined the difficulties the Gaza hospital was facing with dialysis (透析)．The Shifa is forced to rely on generators because of power cuts; spare parts for its aging dialysis machines have been difficult to import; and supplies of consumables are often scarce.After an exploratory trip last April，Hammad，whose family is Palestinian，and three colleagues from Liverpool arrived in Gaza via Egypt last month，bringing specialist equipment.Two patients were selected for surgery.The first，Mohammed Duhair，42，received a kidney donated by his younger brother in a six­hour operation.Two days later，Matouk received a transplant after his wife，Nadia，36，was found to be a good match.The surgery was carried out by the British team，assisted by doctors and nurses from the Shifa.“We are very satisfied with the results，” said Sobbi Skaik，head of surgery at the Gaza hospital.
Skaik hopes that Gaza medical teams will eventually carry out kidney transplants independently，and that other organ transplants may follow.The Shifa is working with the Gaza ministry of health on a plan to train its doctors，surgeons，nursing staff and laboratory technicians in transplant surgery at the Royal Liverpool.“Funding is a problem，” said Hammad.“In the meantime we'll go back as volunteers to Gaza for the next c ouple of years to do more transplants.”The Liverpool team's next visit is scheduled for May.
本文是一篇新闻报道。

报道了加沙因为缺乏专业的外科手术医生而和英国的Royal Liverpool医院合作，通过做第一个器官移植手术，培训当地的医生。

4．What effect does Gaza's first organ transplant hope to get?
A．Helping poor Gaza people to regain health to make more money.
B．Releasing Gaza hospitals' pressure of lack of professional doctors.
C．Assisting the Royal Liverpool hospital in perfecting their operations.
D．Calling for international attention at Gaza's poor medical service.
B[细节理解题。

根据文章的第一段“A team of British surgeons has carried out Gaza's (加沙) first organ transplant for a long­term plan to train local medical staff to perform the operations.”可知，加沙的第一个器官移植希望得到的效果是培训当地的医生。

]
5．What is the beginning of the cooperation between the Royal Liverpool hospital and Gaza?
A．A UK doctor contacted Gaza hospital.
B．The Shifa imported medical machines from the UK.
C．Ziad Matouk's condition seemed to get worse.
D．A Shifa doctor turned to Royal Liverpool hospital for help.
D[推理判断题。

根据第四段的首句可知， Royal Liverpool hospital和Gaza的合作始于Shifa的一个医生向Royal Liverpool hospital的求助。

]
6．What did Dr.Hammad and his team do recently?
A．They had an exploratory trip in Egypt last April.
B．They carried out surgeries to test Gaza's medical equipment.
C．They carried out two transplant surgeries in Gaza.
D．They sought assistance from the hospital of the Shifa.
C[细节理解题。

根据文章第四段可知，Dr.Hammad和他的团队最近在加沙实施了两个移植手术，故C项正确。

]
【导学号：85602065】
C
(2016·山东师范大学附中模拟)
Like people，plants experience stress.And also，like people，the response to that stress can determine success.
Bad environmental conditions，such as drought，flood，heat and other stresses，affect yields(产量) more than crop pests and diseases.We are trying to find a way to equip plants with the ability to tolerate environmental stress and maintain high yields，said Stephen Howell，a professor of genetics and cell biology.
Plant cells produce proteins (蛋白质) and ship them to different parts of the cell.Under normal conditions，these proteins are folded into their normal，healthy structures as they are produced.When a plant is under stress，its cells produce poorly
folded or unfolded proteins.Then a built­in system senses this and “sets off an alarm in the cell，” said Howell.
In response to the alarm，another protein (IRE1) starts working and creates a different process which activates (激活) the stress response genes whose products bring about defensive measures that help the plant survive.
“As it turns out，responses that are activated under stress conditions actually inhibit the growth of plants，” said Howell.“This allows them to preserve their energy to survive the stress conditions.”
For plants in the wild，this response is a help for survival，he said.In production of agriculture crops，however，this response reduces yields.
“You don't want crop plants to stop growing，” Howell said.“You want them to continue to grow and produce even though they are under stress.”
With the new understanding of this stress response，the next step may be to silence the alarm system，said Howell.“What may be important is to disable some of these stress responses.That may make the plant more productive under stress conditions.”
本文是一篇说明文。

植物像人一样，也有压力，而它们对压力的反应能决定高产与否。

Howell打算通过使植物中的“警报”停止工作来使作物保持高产量。

7．According to the text，an alarm in the plant cells is caused by ．A．the folded proteins
B．the changed proteins
C．the defensive measures
D．the stress response genes
B[细节理解题。

根据文章第三段中的“When a plant is under stress，its cells produce poorly folded or unfolded proteins.Then a built­in system senses this and ‘sets off an alarm in the cell，’ said Howell.”可知植物细胞里的警报装置是由蛋白质的变化导致的。

]
8．The energy preserved in the plants under stress conditions ．A．helps the plants to survive
B．helps to maintain high yields
C．keeps the plants growing
D．helps to produce proteins
A[细节理解题。

根据文章第四段“In response to the alarm，another protein (IRE1) starts working and creates a different process which activates (激活) the stress
response genes whose products bring about defensive measures that help the plant survive.”可知植物中储存的这些能量有助于植物存活。

]
9．The underlined word “inhibit” in Paragraph 5 can be replaced by “”．
A．prevent B．start
C.continue D．promote
A[词义猜测题。

根据文章倒数第二段中的“‘You don't want crop plants to stop growing’”可知处于压力下被激活的这些反应事实上阻止了植物的生长。

] 10．How does Howell intend to make crop plants maintain high yields under stress conditions?
A. By making crop plants keep more energy.
B．By making crop plants stop growing.
C．By making the alarm system stop working.
D．By making the alarm system respond quickly.
C[细节理解题。

根据文章最后一段“With the ne w understanding of this stress response，the next step may be to silence the alarm system”中的“silence the alarm system”可知Howell打算通过使警报停止工作来使作物保持高产量。

]。