动名词和现在分词的区别

动名词和现在分词的区别

1、做定语时有区别

①动名词作定语时放在被修饰词之前，用于说明事物的用途或性质

例：drinking water 饮用水washing machine 洗衣机sleeping pills 安眠药②现在分词作定语时表示所修饰名词的动作，二者是逻辑上的主谓关系

例：a swimming boy 一个正在游泳的男孩

③动名词作定语只能放在被修饰词前；现在分词作定语位置灵活，可放在前可放在后，尤其是现在分词短语做定语时要后置。

例：Most of the workers building the bridge is young people (现在分词短语作定语后置) They are visitors coming from other countries (现在分词短语作定语后置)

例： a sleeping child 一个熟睡的孩子(现在分词作定语前置)

试分析：working method 和working people

a sleeping car 和 a sleeping child

2、做状语时有区别

现在分词可做状语修饰句子，而动名词不做状语！

①▲现在分词做状语，分词的逻辑主语要与句子的主语一致

例：He sat on the ground,reading a newspaper(表伴随)

Hearing the news,they all jumped with joy.(表时间)

Being very weak,she had to stay at home(表示原因)

She fell down from her bike,only striking her head against the rock(表示结果)

Heating water,we can change it into vapor(表示条件)

为了表示明确的时间或条件，有时可在现在分词前加when、while、if等连词

例如：When leaving the airport,she waved again again to us.

②现在分词的一般式(doing)表示的动作与句子的主语构成逻辑上的主谓(主动)关系且与句子的谓语动词几乎同时发生或发生在谓语动词之后

例：Reading carefully,he found something hadn’t known before

③如果现在分词表示的动作与句子的主语构成逻辑上的主谓(主动)关系且先于句子的谓语动词发生，则使用现在分词的完成式(having done)

例：Having borrowed two books,she left the library

习题: 1, While ( walk)in the street,we met some friends of ours

2, (finish)his work,he went to help others

3、做表语时有区别

动名词作表语相当于名词，用于解释主语.主语和表语可以互换位置；现在分词作表语，说明主语的性质、状态、数量等，主语和现在分词做的表语不能互换

例：①My favourite sport is swimming = Swimming is my favourite sport

②The result is very disappointing ×Disappointing is the result

习题：1，The film is very (move)

2,Their task is (move)the furniture

4、作宾语的区别

动名词可以做及物动词和介词的宾语，和介词构成介词短语；现在分词不做主语和宾语！

有些动词或短语动词后只能用动名词作宾语，如：allow, permit, consider, suggest, advice, finish, imagine, practice, appreciate(欣赏;赞赏), enjoy,miss(错过), prevent(阻止), forbid(禁止), escape(避免), mind(介意), dislike(厌恶), risk(冒险), admit(承认), can’t stand(忍不住),

feel like(想要), insist on(坚持), put off(推迟), give up(放弃), care for(关心), dream of(梦想),

be busy(忙于), be worth(值得)。

▲需要大家熟记后跟动名词作宾语的及物动词和动词短语，以及介词短语。因为很多已经成为英语习惯性用法，不用去细究为什么会这样。

例：Our teacher suggested spending the vacation with some of the foreign friends

小练

1、We dreamed about buying a machine things easier

A.wash,make

B.washing,make

C.wash,to make

D.washing,to make

2、The thief took away the woman’s wallet without

A.being seen

B.seeing

C.him seeing

D.seeing him

3、Do you feel like or would you rather dinner at home?

A.going,to have

B.to go,to have

C.to go,washing

D.going,have

4、It was impolite of him without goodbye

A.to leave,saying

B.leaving,to say

C.to leave,to say

D.leaving,saying

5、that it was going to rain ,the students decided to put off their football match till next day

A.Having told

B.Tell

C.Telling

D.Having been told