江苏专转本英语考试语法重点大全.

江苏省专转本英语考试语法重点大全

一倒装句

谓语动词放在主语之前的这种语法现象称为倒装。从倒装的形式来看,可分为全部倒装 (full inversion和部分倒装 (partial inversion两种。前者是指整个谓语臵于主语之前,而后者仅是指助动词、情态动词或 be 动词等功能臵于主语之前。

一、全部倒装

1、句首为 there be, stand, lie, exist, remain, appear, seem, come 等时,引出全部倒装。

There stands a stone bridge across the river.

There stands an old pine tree on the summit of the mountain. 2、句首为状语方位词或表示地点的介词短语:

Then from the portable radio in the corner came the announcer’ s voice. 从角落里的便携式收音机里传来了播音员的声音。

At his side lay Eva Brown. 在他的身旁躺着的是爱娃 . 布劳恩。

3、以 here, there, now, then等开头的句子,位于常用 be, come, go, begin, follow 等,引出倒装:

There goes the bell. 铃响了。

Here comes the bus. 汽车来了。

Now come your turn. 现在轮到你了。

但是,如主语是代词而不是名词时则不发生倒装。

4、在表示动作的简短句子里,为了生动,可把副词放于句首引出倒装。

Out rushed the dog from the gate. 一条狗从大门里嗖地一声窜了出来。 Up went the rocket into the sky. 火箭嗖地一声飞上了天空。

但:Away they went.

5、在表达祝愿的句子里:

Long live the friendship between American and Chinese people! 中美人民的友谊万岁!

May you succeed! 祝你成功!

6、在强调表语时

Worst of all were the humiliations. 最令人难以忍受的是羞辱。

Such is the case. 情况就是这样。

二、部分倒装

1、省略 if 的虚拟条件句中

Had I known what was going to happen, I would never have left her alone.如果我当时知道可能发生的事的话,我就不会撇下她一个人在那里了。

Were there no air or water, there would be no life in the world. 没有空气和水,世界上就不会有生命。

2、在以 so (肯定和 neither , nor(否定的句子中

He didn’ t fe ar new ideas, nor did he fear the future. 他不怕新想法, 也不怕未来。

I ’ ve had some good ideas, so have other men. 我有些新的想法,别人也会有啊。

Distrust can be contagious, but so can trust. 不信任有传染力,同样信任也具有传染力。

3、当句首状语为否定词或带有否定意义的词语时,如 never , little, often, not only, not until, hardly, scarcely, seldom, no sooner ... than … , in no way, at no time, under no circumstances, by no means, in no case, 采用部分倒装。

Little does he care about money. 他很少关心钱。

Not until recently did I know what he had done. 直到最近我才知道他所做的事。

4、句首状语由 only+副词, only+介词短语, only+状语分词时

Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing. 直到昨天他才发现表丢了。

Only in our country can science serve the interests of the people. 只有在我们国家科学才能服务于人民的利益。

5、在强调宾语时

Still greater contributions should we make to our socialist construction. 我们应该为社会主义建设做出更大的贡献。

Useful chemical fertilizer can we make from the waste liquid. 从废弃液体中我们能提取有用的化学肥料。

二非谓语动词种类及句法功能

(一概述:

在英语中,不作句子谓语,但仍具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词,叫做非

谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式(the Infinitive ;动名词(the Gerund ; 现在分词(the Present Participle ;过去分词(the Past Participle 。 (二非谓语动词的句法功能

1逻辑主语

为了强调是谁发出的一个动作,我们往往要有主语来明确表现。由于非谓语动词在句中不做谓语,所以强调谁发出的动作就不明显。但它又有动词的某些特征,在这种情况下,就有了其逻辑上的主谓关系。在英语中,非谓语动词的逻辑主语各有其不同的表现方式,也是常考的一个语法项目,尤其是动名词和分词的逻辑主语。现在来简要分析一下在不定式、动名词和分词中的逻辑主语。

①不定式的逻辑主语是同过介词 of 和 for 来体现的。这两个介词使用的区别是:当表语是表示主语的性质或特征时(如:good, nice, wise, generous, foolish, clever , silly, wrong, stupid, careless, considerate, impolite, naughty 等等 ,我们使用 of; 其它的使用 for 。请看例句:

It is unwise of them to turn down the proposal. 他们拒绝这个建议很不明智。

It is generous of you to stay us for the night. 难为你这么慷慨留我们过夜。

It is a great honor for us to attend this rally. 我们很荣幸参加这个大会。

It is very dangerous for children to swim in the reservoir. 孩子们在水库里游泳很危险。

②动名词的逻辑主语是在动名词前用名词或代词来表现的。在句首时一般要

使用所有格,在句中一般使用其通格。例如:

Mary ’ s grunting continuously annoyed her husband, and her mother ’ s staying with them was the last straw. 玛丽的不断唠叨已经使她丈夫很烦,她母亲来和他们一块住更使他们的关系雪上加霜。