高中英语句子成分分析讲解 即时练习巩固
2022年高考英语语法精讲与精练(句子成分和基本句型)
2022年高考英语语法精讲与精练（句子成分和基本句型）5.Traditional festivalsenableusto learn fine Chinese values成分：主语谓语宾语宾语补足语句型结构总结：主语＋谓语＋复合宾语（宾语＋补语）小结：从以上的练习中可知英语中的句子成分包括：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语二、句子成分和基本句型精讲（一）、句子成分：1、主语: 说明句子所谈的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主语通常由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。
EG:Lucy likes her new car very much. 露西喜欢她的新车。
【名词作主语】He goes to and from schoolby bike every day.他每天都起得很早。
(代词作主语)To learn English well is a challenge.学好英语是一项挑战性工作。
【不定式短语作主语】2、谓语: 说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，英语中谓语只能用动词充当。
例如：We work hard.我们努力工作。
The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。
He is like his father. 他像他父亲。
注意：介词不能作谓语，必须与be动词连用，构成系表结构，一起作谓语。
谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。
EG:Music is the utmost pleasure in life.音乐是人生最大的快乐。
As I take each bite, the sweet and mild flavour of the red bean filling slowly fills my mouth.3、宾语: 宾语是动作的对象。
由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当，说明主语做“什么”。
EG:Tom bought a story-book.汤姆买了一本故事书。
高考英语复习：句子成分讲解课件(附练习及答案)
三是找准学科增分点 认真研究本省、本市、本校近年来的高考数据，细化到每一个知识点的得
失分情况，找准突破点和增分点，有目的进行专项训练和突破提升。英语的阅 读理解和小作文、语文的古文分析和作文、理科的做题速度、文科的答题思路 等，都要制定详细的训练方案和突破的方法策略，在实践中调整提升，打破制 约瓶颈，找到质量提升的突破口。
8. Ap.（同位语）Appositive
概念：紧跟在名词或代词后，对前面的
名词或代词进行解释或补充说明。即两
个词（词组）在一个句子中具有相同的 语法地位而且描述相同的人或事物时。
二者关系紧密时不用逗号隔开;如同位语 对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗号 隔开。同位语并不影响其后面的动词的 单复数形式（由其前面的主语词决定）。
S.
At.
2. Jim handed him the cup.
O.
3. I shall answer your question soon.
V.
Adv.
4 . Her job is to train singers.
At.
P.
5. He took many photos yesterday.
O.
Adv.
例句:
1.Yesterday I met Jane, a
friend of my sister's. 2. He told me that his sister
Jane is a doctor.
3. We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.
高中英语句子成分及练习
高中英语句子成分及练习在高中英语的学习中，理解句子成分是非常重要的一环。
它就像是搭建英语语言大厦的基石，只有掌握了句子成分，我们才能准确地理解和运用英语。
一、句子成分的概述句子成分主要包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。
主语是句子所要说的人或事物，通常是一个名词、代词或相当于名词的短语或从句。
比如，“The book is interesting” （这本书很有趣。
）中，“The book”就是主语。
谓语则是说明主语的动作或状态，一般由动词充当。
像“ He studies hard ”（他学习努力。
）里的“studies”就是谓语。
宾语是动作的对象或承受者。
比如在“ She likes music ”（她喜欢音乐。
）中，“music”就是宾语。
表语是用来说明主语的性质、特征、状态等，通常位于系动词之后。
例如“ He is a teacher ”（他是一位老师。
）中，“a teacher”就是表语。
定语是用来修饰名词或代词的成分。
“The beautiful girl is my sister ”（那个漂亮的女孩是我的妹妹。
）里，“beautiful”就是定语。
状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的成分。
“He runs fast ”（他跑得很快。
）中的“fast”就是状语。
补语是用来补充说明宾语或主语的情况。
“We make him happy ”（我们使他高兴。
）中的“happy”就是补语。
二、主语主语可以由名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式、名词化的形容词、短语或从句等来充当。
名词作主语：“Books are our friends ”（书是我们的朋友。
）代词作主语：“They are playing football ”（他们正在踢足球。
）数词作主语：“Two is not enough ”（两个是不够的。
）动名词作主语：“Swimming is good for health ”（游泳对健康有益。
高中英语句子成分分析讲解即时练习巩固
高中英语句子成分分析讲解即时练习巩固文档编制序号：[KKIDT-LLE0828-LLETD298-POI08]第1讲句子成分英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。
掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
英语五种基本句型结构如下：主语谓语用符号表示为：①ＳＶ（主＋谓）②ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）③ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）④ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）⑤ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）主语（subject）谓语（predicate）、宾语（object）定语（attribute）状语(adverbial) 补语（complement）表语（predicative）考点1.基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，都不带宾语，但可以带状语，常见的不及物动词有： act, come, go, work, last, fall, cry, disappear, appear, smile, rise, ring，live, look,listen, laugh, hurry, talk, sleep, retire, graduate, die, care, agree, jump, fail, wait, succeed, stay, sit, lie, shine, happen, take place, rain, snow, ect. 如:It is raining now. (ＳＶ)We've worked for 5 hours. (ＳＶ)The meeting lasted half an hour. (ＳＶ)Time flies. (ＳＶ)练习1.分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种1.Dark clouds hung overhead. ( )2.Gradually a smile appeared on her face. ( )3.He is smiling all over his face. ( )4.I did well in English. ( )5.He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday.( )考点2.基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）系动词主要是be. 但还有一些动词有些时候也可作系动词，有人称之为半系动词。
高中英语句子成分划分练习及答案
高中英语句子成分划分练习及答案篇一：英语划分句子成分句式练习题及答案英语句子成分（一）句子主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如：划出主语并说出什么词充当的主语Durin g the 1990s, Am erica n cou ntrymusic hasbee m ore a nd mo re po pular. Weoften spea k Eng lishin cl ass.One-t hirdof th e stu dentsin t his c lassare g irls.To sw im in theriver is a grea t ple asure.Smok ing d oes h arm t o the heal th. T he ri ch sh ouldhelpthe p oor.I t isneces saryto ma stera for eignlangu age.Whenwe ar e goi ng to have an E nglis h tes t has notbeendecid ed. （三）谓语：动词做谓语,谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如：He pr actic es ru nning ever y mor ning.2、复合谓语：（1）如： You maykeepthe b ook f or tw o wee ks. H e has caug ht abad c old.（2）由系动词加表语构成。
高中英语语法专题讲解：词性、成分与句子结构附练习题
高中英语语法专题讲解词性、成分与句子结构（一）词性一、四大词性与句子结构紧密相关1. 名词：主语、宾语、表语、同位语2. 动词：谓语3. 形容词：定语、表语、补语4. 副词：状语二、其他词性1. 代词：主宾表2. 疑问词who, whom, whose, what, which（主宾语，两个例外）when, where, why, how（状）（二）句子成分主、谓、宾、定、状、补、表、同位。
句子成分口诀：主谓宾，定状补，主干枝叶分清楚。
主干成分主谓宾，枝叶成分定状补。
定语必居主宾前，谓前为状谓后补。
状语有时位主前，逗号分开心有数。
基本成分主谓宾，连带成分定状补。
主语宾语adj.物主代词（定语）n.物主代词（主宾表）反身代词（宾表）我I me my mine myself我们we us our ours ourselves你you you your yours yourself你们you you your yours yourselves他he him his his himself她she her her hers herself它it it its its itself他们they them their theirs themselvesNo news is good news. 没消息就是好消息。
一、主语：句子开头的、动词/助动词或be 之前的那个成分。
充当主语的有：名词、代词、名词短语、动词不定式、动名词、从句。
I like dancing.The girl is very smart.Xiao Ming would go to the countryside to see his grandpa.二、谓语：主语后面的动词或动词词组。
She made a speech at the meeting.The old man took care of the kid many years ago.Flight 258 is taking off.三、宾语（由名词、代词、名词短语、动词不定式、动名词、从句充当）：牢记两个词：动宾、介宾1. 动宾：及物动词之后的宾语。
高中英语语法专题一： 英语语法框架 句子成分讲解和练习(word版 含答案)
Part 1：英语语法框架一·词法：词法研究的对象是各种词的形式及其用法。
英语词类的形式变化有：名词和代词的数，格和性的形式变化；动词的人称、时态、语态、语气等形式变化；以及形容词和副词比较等级的形式变化。
种类：1 名词：是人和事物的名称，如pen（钢笔）；English（英语），life（生活）。
2 代词：是用来代替名词的词，如we（我们），his（他的），all（全部）。
3 副词: 是修饰动词、形容词和副词的词，如quickly（快），often（经常），very（很）。
4 数词：是表示“多少”和“第几”的词，如four（四），eighteen（十八），first（第一）5 形容词：用来修饰名词，如great（伟大的），honest（诚实的），difficult（困难的）。
6 动词: 表示动作和状态，如write（写），walk（行走），think（想）。
7 连词: 是连接词、短语、从句和句子的词，如and（和），because（因为），if（假如）8 冠词: 说明名词所指的人或物的词，如a，an（一个），the（这，那）。
9 介词: 表示名词（或代词）与句子里其它词的关系，如from（从），in（在…内），between（在…之间）。
10 感叹词: 表示感情，如oh（噢），aha（啊哈），hush（嘘）。
[注一]属于前六类（名、代、副、数、形、动等词）的词都有实义，叫做实词。
属于后四类（连、冠、介、感等词）的词没有实义，叫做虚词。
[注二]不少词可以属于几个词类，如work（工作；动词和名词），fast（快，形容词和副词），since（自从；连词和介词）等。
构词法定义：构词法是研究怎样造词的学问。
掌握构词法有助于记忆单词，扩大词汇量。
英语单词看似海量，其实真正“原生态”的数量有限，而大量的都是通过构词法造出来的。
如：Foot (足) + ball (球) ------football 足球Sea (海) + food ( 食品) -----seafood 海鲜食品种类：英语最基本的构词法有三种：派生，合成和转化。
高中英语句子成分分析讲解 即时练习巩固
第1讲句子成分英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。
但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。
同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。
考点1.划分句子成分时的常用符号英语中划句子成分的符号主语在下面划一直线谓语在下面划曲线宾语在下面划双横线定语在下面划虚线（一行点使我们想到一排钉子，“钉”谐音为“定语” 的“定”）状语下面为短横线（短横线使我们想到短木桩，木桩撞（状）钟）补语上一短横，下一短横（下一短横好像是为了弥补上面短横间的空隙）同位语上下双曲线，（虽都有曲折，上下位置基本相同考点2.主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。
可以作主语的词性或语法结构：1.名词2.代词3.数词4.名词化的形容词（如the rich）5.不定式6.动名词7.主语从句等表示。
练习1.在下面句子的主语下面划横线，并说出由什么充当1.During the 1990s, American country music hasbecome more and more popular.2.We often speak English in class.3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health.6.The rich should help the poor.7.When we are going to have an English test has notbeen decided.8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.9.That he isn’t at home is not true练习2.改正下列句中的错误，并说明原因1.He failed the exam is the reason why he droppedout.2.That why he was late for school was that his motherwas ill.3.Beyond the mountains lie a small village.4.Gone is the days when I had to go to school on foot.5.Play basketball is my favorite sport.6.Give up English is not an option.考点3.谓语谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
高中英语句子成分讲解及练习
句子成分(Members of a Sentence)什么叫句子成分呢？句子的构成成分叫句子成分。
在句子中，词与词之间有必定的组合关系，依据不一样的关系，能够把句子分为不一样的构成成分。
句子成分由词或词组充任。
现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
英语的根本成分有七种：主语〔subject〕、谓语〔predicate〕、表语〔predicative〕、宾语〔object〕、定语〔attribute〕、状语(adverbial)和补语complement〕。
英语句子的根本构造能够概括成五种根本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。
掌握这五种根本句型，是掌握各样英语句子构造的根基。
英语五种根本句型列式以下：一：ＳＶ〔主＋谓〕二：ＳＶＰ〔主＋系＋表〕三：ＳＶＯ〔主＋谓＋宾〕四：ＳＶｏＯ〔主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾〕五：ＳＶＯＣ〔主＋谓＋宾＋宾补〕根本句型一：ＳＶ〔主＋谓〕主语：能够作主语的成分出名词〔如boy〕，主格代词〔如you〕，动词不定式，动名词等。
主语一般在句首。
注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语以后。
不及物动词〔vi.〕没有宾语，形成主谓构造，如：Wecome.此句型的句子有一个共同特色，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完好的意思。
这种动词叫做不及物动词，后边能够跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
Ｓ│Ｖ〔不及物动词〕.Thesun│wasshining.太阳在照射着。
.Themoon│rose.月亮升起了。
.Theuniverse│remains.宇宙长存。
.Weall│breathe,eat,anddrink.我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
.Who│cares管它呢？.Whathesaid│doesnotmatter.他所讲的没有什么关系。
.They│talkedforhalfanhour.他们谈了半个小时。
.Thepen│writessmoothly这支笔书写流畅。
高中英语必修课-----动词--ing形式作主语和宾语知识讲解及巩固练习题(含答案解析)
高中英语必修课-----动词--ing形式作主语和宾语知识讲解及巩固练习题（含答案解析）动名词是非谓动词的又一种形式。
它在形式上与现在分词相同，都是在动词原形的词末加-ing。
在现代语法中，这两种形式同视为"-ing形式"。
这两种形式的另一个相同之处是：它们都是由动词变化而成的，它们都保留了动词的某些特征，它们都能带自己的宾语、状语，而构成动名词短语或是现在分词短语去担当句子成分。
动名词-概述动名词是非限定动词的一种形式，由动词原形+ing构成。
它既有动词的特征，又有名词的特征，故称。
动名词也有时态和语态的变化，如表所示（以及物动词write为例），不及物动词没有语态的变化。
动名词-动名词的结构和形式动名词的否定结构动名词的否定结构由not加动名词组成。
如：Trying without success is better than not trying at all.实验没有成功也比不实验好。
He hated himself for not having work hard.他悔恨自己没有用功。
I’m sorry for not having telephoned you before.很抱歉，没有早给你打电话。
He felt sorry for not having done the work well.他为没有把工作做好感到难过。
I fancy it has done you a lot of good not going.我看不去对你倒好了。
（not going是动名词一般式的否定形式）There is no denying the fact that he is diligent.（no denying也是动名词一般式的否定）动名词复合结构通常情况下，动名词的逻辑主语为谓语动词的主语。
如果动名词动作的发出者不是谓语动词的主语时，则需要有自己的逻辑主语----物主代词或名词所有格加动名词就构成了动名词的复合结构，这种结构在句中可以作主语，宾语等。
高一英语五种基本句型及巩固练习课件.
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二.五种基本句型 纲
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Revision Sentence elements
主语 (s)
谓语 (v)
宾语 表语 (IO,O) (P)
定语 状语 补语 (Attr) (Ad) (Cs, Co)
Vi
主谓
语 语 Vt link-V
宾语 宾语(直) 宾语(间) 宾语 宾补 表语
❖ You may keep the book for two weeks.
❖ He has caught a bad cold. ( 2 )由系动词加表语构成。如：
You are students.
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3. 表语：表示主语的身分、状态或特征，它一般 位于系动词（如：be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形 容词、分词、 数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、
The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.(代词）
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词）
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They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语）
I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语）
I think ( that ) he is fit for his office .(宾语从句）
(完整版)高中英语句子成分分析及练习(教师版)(可编辑修改word版)
句子成分（教师版）什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。
在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。
句子成分由词或词组充当。
现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。
掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
英语五种基本句型列式如下：一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。
主语一般在句首。
注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。
不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come.此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
Ｓ│ Ｖ（不及物动词）1.The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。
2.The moon │rose.月亮升起了。
3.The universe │remains.宇宙长存。
4.We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
5.Who │cares?管它呢？6.What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。
7.They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。
高中英语句子成分划分练习及答案
高中英语句子成分划分练习及答案高中英语句子成分划分练习及答案篇一:英语划分句子成分句式练习题及答案英语句子成分(一)句子主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如:划出主语并说出什么词充当的主语 During the 1990s, American country music has bee more and more popular. We often speak English in class. One-third of the students in this class are girls.To swim in the riveris a great pleasure.Smoking does harm to the health. The rich should help the poor.It is necessary to master a foreign language. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(三)谓语:动词做谓语,谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
谓语的构成如下:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如:He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语:(1)如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.(2)由系动词加表语构成。
如:We are students.(四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词(如be, bee, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。
精品-高中英语语法通霸-6.英语句子成分和结构讲解分析划分与练习及答案
aux. v.auxiliary verb助动词
adj.adjective形容词
adv.adverb副词
num.numeral数词
interj.interjection感叹词
pron.pronoun代词
prep.preposition介词
art.article冠词
viii.Hewas( )struck( )by a stone.
情态动词
情态动词同助动词一样，不能单独作谓语，要和实义动词一起作谓语。因此，情态动词也称为情态助动词。情态动词同基本助动词的区别在于，基本助动词本身无意义，而情态动词有自己的意义。如：
wim across the river.(can的词义为“能够”)
英语中一些单词是及物还是不及物，可能与汉语不同。
Helistensto the music every day.(listen为不及物动词，而汉语中“听”是及物动词。)
指出下列句中斜体动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，及物动词填vt.，不及物填vi.。
考点1.Most birds canfly.（）
考点2.The children areflyingkites in the park. ( )
帮助构成被动语态的
Treesareplanted in spring. (are帮助构成被动语态，没有具体意义，是助动词。)
The househas beenpulled down. (has been帮助构成时态和语态，是助动词。)
帮助构成虚拟语气
If hehadcome yesterday, I wouldn’thavemade sucha mistake.(had,have帮助构成虚拟语气，是助动词，属于谓语的一部分。)
高中英语句子成分分析及练习题 含答案
高中英语句子成分分析及练习题含答案1. The cat sat on the mat.主语：The cat谓语：sat宾语：on the mat2. She ate a sandwich for lunch.主语：She谓语：ate宾语：a sandwich3. John and his sister went to the park.主语：John和his sister（并列主语）谓语：went宾语：to the park4. The sun was setting behind the mountain.主语: The sun谓语: was setting表达方式: behind the mountain5. My friend gave me a book as a gift.主句: My friend gave me a book从句类型: 定义从句(as a gift作为定于从句)6. I will meet you at six o'clock in front of the cinema.主句: I will meet you时间状况词组: at six o'clock地点状况词组: in front of cinema7. Running is good exercise for your health.主题: Running连系动词: is表述方式: good exercise目标对象：for your health8. Although it rained, we still had fun at the party.虽然引导的副词性从句，表示让步关系。
9. He studied hard so that he could pass his exam。
so that 引导的目的状况子句。
10.The teacher who taught us math last year retired this month。
语法专攻高考英语一轮精讲精练英语句子结构和成分分析含详解
语法专攻高考英语一轮精讲精练英语句子结构和成分分析含详解句子结构和成分分析是英语语法中重要的内容，也是高考英语中考查的重点之一、以下是对高考英语句子结构和成分分析的详细解析：1.句子结构句子是语言中最基本的单位，由词组和词汇组成。
句子结构通常由主语、谓语和宾语组成，其中主语和谓语是句子的核心部分。
-主语：句子中执行动作或被动作的人或事物，通常位于句子的前面。
例句：Tom plays football.（汤姆踢足球。
）主语为Tom。
-谓语：句子中表达动作或状态的部分，通常位于主语之后。
例句：Tom plays football.（汤姆踢足球。
）谓语为plays。
-宾语：句子中受到动作影响的人或事物，通常位于谓语之后。
例句：Tom plays football.（汤姆踢足球。
）宾语为football。
2.成分分析成分分析是对句子中词组和词汇的分析，确定每个词组和词汇在句子中的作用。
常见的成分包括名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语等。
-名词：表示人、事物、地点、时间等概念的词语。
例句：I have a book.（我有一本书。
）主语为I，谓语为have，宾语为book。
-动词：表示动作、状态、存在等的词语。
例句：I am studying.（我正在学习。
）主语为I，谓语为am studying。
-形容词：修饰名词或代词的词语。
例句：He is tall.（他很高。
）主语为He，谓语为is，形容词为tall。
-副词：修饰动词、形容词、副词的词语。
例句：She runs fast.（她跑得快。
）主语为She，谓语为runs，副词为fast。
-介词短语：由介词和其后的名词短语组成，表示位置、方向、时间、原因等关系。
例句：I go to school by bus.（我坐公交车去学校。
）主语为I，谓语为go，介词短语为to school by bus。
以上是对高考英语句子结构和成分分析的详细解析，希望能帮助到你。
译林牛津版高中英语专题巩固练习-高考总复习：句子成分及基本类型
巩固练习一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分1. The students got on the school bus.2. I shall answer your question after class.3. The apples tasted sweet.4. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.5. He managed to finish the work in time.6. He found it important to master English.7. Do you have anything else to say?8. To be honest, your pronunciation is not so good.9. Would you please tell me your address?10. He sat there, reading a newspaper.11. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.12. He noticed a man enter the room.二、完成句子1.They sat together around the table, with________________ (门关着).（shut）2.I haven’t the slightest idea _________________________________(他正在说什么). (talk)3.He believes that children ______________ (应允许……学习) at their own pace.(allow)4. ___________________ (他是否出过国)doesn’t make much difference.(he, abroad)5. Seldom_________________________（他们玩）video games ever since they entered college.（play）6. The city_______________________（我成长的）is very hot and damp in summer.（grow）7. ____________________（我花了）one thousand dollars to buy the painting last week.（cost）8. —You’d better go and ________________（把你的轿车洗洗）.—No, I’ll do it myself.（wash）9.With the rapid development of science and technology, I can’t imagine ________________（我的家乡会是什么样子）in ten years.（what）10.___________________________(任何计划了的事)is sure to change as one puts it into practice. (whatever)三、单项选择1. We shouldn’t spen d our money testing so many people, most of _____are healthy.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. whom2. I’ll give you my friend's home address, ______ I can be reached most evenings.A. whichB. whenC. whomD. where3. A computer can only do_______ your have instructed it to do.A. howB. afterC. whatD. when4. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter______ it was?A. whereB. whatC. howD. which5. There ___ a talk show on CCTV- 4 at nine this evening.A. will haveB. is going to beC. is going to haveD. is having6. It is not uncommon for ______ problems of communication between old and young.A. there to beB. there beingC. there to beingD. there be四、完形填空Four years ago, I felt lucky after escaping one of those terrible 2-mile runs. I hated __1__; it was just something that __2__ came easily to me. At that time, if you had told me that I would one day run a marathon, I'd have told you in all honesty that I had a better __3__ of winning the lottery(彩票). The turning __4__ came when I met Mrs. Green. She was fifty years old, going through chemotherapy(化学疗法)for her cancer, and still __5__ to run 30 miles a week. I __6__ that if Mrs. Green could run 6 miles at a time, I could run at least two. In February, in cold weather, I started to walk a 2-mile __7__ around my neighborhood. Two months later, I __8__ the whole route, running for the first time. I felt exhausted, __9__ I felt happy.Over the next several years, I continued to push each run for a few __10__ minutes, slowly building my endurance(耐力). I didn't need to __11__ against other runners, for my most important competitor was myself.After continuing to __12__ myself, I knew it was time to step my training up. I __13__ I would train for the Detroit Free Press/Flagstar Marathon.The race day __14__ came, and I was filled with excitement and worry. It was final time to see what I was made of. The __15__ ended up incredibly. I did __16__ through the last few miles, but after my journey, there was no doubt in my mind that I'd finished. As I __17__ the finish line, I experienced the strongest sense of __18__ and happiness I had ever had in my life. I am now a Marathoner.As John Bingham once said, “The __19__ isn't that I finished. The miracle(奇迹)is that I had the __20__to start.”1. A. studying B. thinking C. running D. teaching2. A. never B. always C. usually D. often3. A. chance B. belief C. suggestion D. hope4. A. case B. point C. situation D. stage5. A. devoted B. applied C. led D. managed6. A. figured B. agreed C. proved D. ordered7. A. race B. route C. site D. test8. A. closed B. changed C. finished D. considered9. A. and B. or C. so D. but10. A. perfect B. extra C. actual D. basic11. A. compete B. take C. rely D. argue12. A. treat B. entertain C. march D. challenge13. A. forced B. decided C. doubted D. seemed14. A. certainly B. instantly C. finally D. regularly15. A. moment B. atmosphere C. experience D. reward16. A. struggle B. press C. break D. go17. A. toured B. moved C. crossed D. stopped18. A. touch B. pride C. humor D. award19. A. miracle B. habit C. method D. plan20. A. ability B. choice C. thought D. courage五、阅读理解(2015 河北保定市高三调研试题)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。
高中英语句子成分练习题及讲解
高中英语句子成分练习题及讲解1. 练习题：请分析下列句子的主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
- 例句：The young man who is standing by the window is my brother.2. 讲解：- 主语（Subject）：句子的主要部分，通常表示执行动作的人或事物。
在例句中，主语是 "The young man"。
- 谓语（Predicate）：表示主语的动作或状态。
例句中的谓语是"is"。
- 宾语（Object）：接受动作的对象。
此例句中没有直接宾语，但可以认为 "my brother" 是间接宾语。
- 定语（Modifier）：修饰名词或代词的词或短语。
"who is standing by the window" 是一个定语从句，修饰 "The young man"。
- 状语（Adverbial）：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，说明时间、地点、原因等。
例句中没有明显的状语。
- 补语（Complement）：补充说明主语或宾语的信息。
"my brother" 是主语 "The young man" 的补语。
3. 练习题：将下列句子翻译成中文，并指出其句子成分。
- 例句：She has finished her homework.4. 讲解：- 翻译：她已经完成了她的家庭作业。
- 主语："she"。
- 谓语："has finished"。
- 宾语："her homework"。
- 定语："her" 修饰 "homework"。
- 状语："already" 表示时间，是 "has finished" 的状语。
高中英语语法句子成分讲解(附练习和答案)课件(共22张PPT)
5种基本句型
主+谓 主+谓+直宾 主+谓+间宾+直宾 主+谓+直宾+宾补 主+谓（系）+表
1. Her love died. 2. She loved me. 3. She gave me a kiss. 4. She made me happy. 5. She is lovable.
动词决定句型，但动词决定不了状语和定语的存在与否，或者说，状语 和定语填补动词的语义空缺。
谓语 –说明主语的动作、状态和特征
✓ 必不可少； ✓ 决定句子结构； ✓ 谓语的形式结构-动词
– We study English. – He likes playing the games.
宾语 –动作的承受者
动宾 i like china. （名词） he hates you. （代词） how many do you need? we need two. （数词） we should help the old and the poor. i enjoy wor with you. （动名词） i hope to see you again. （不定式） did you write down what he said? （宾语从句） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 are you afraid of the snake? 双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） he gave me a book yesterday. give the poor man some money.
补语 – 补充说明名词的成分，通常出现在主语或宾语后边。
✓ 宾语补足语. ✓ 主语补足语（表语）； ✓ 补足语的形式结构：
英语高中句子成分练习题及讲解
英语高中句子成分练习题及讲解### English Sentence Structure Exercise for High School StudentsIn this exercise, we will explore the various components of English sentences. Understanding sentence structure iscrucial for effective communication in English. Let's begin with a brief overview of the main components of a sentence:1. Subject: The person, place, thing, or idea that the sentence is about.2. Predicate: What is said about the subject, usually containing a verb.3. Object: The receiver of the action, typically found in transitive verb sentences.4. Complement: Additional information that completes the meaning of the subject or object.5. Adverbial: Provides information about time, place, manner, etc.Now, let's dive into the exercises.#### Exercise 1: Identify the SubjectFor each sentence, underline the subject.1. The cat slept on the mat.2. She quickly finished her homework.3. The sun rises in the east.#### Exercise 2: Identify the PredicateCircle the predicate in each sentence.1. The children are playing outside.2. The flowers in the garden smell sweet.3. He has been studying for hours.#### Exercise 3: Identify the ObjectUnderline the object of the verb in the following sentences.1. She gave him a gift.2. The teacher explained the lesson to the class.3. They found the lost dog in the park.#### Exercise 4: Identify the ComplementUnderline the complement in the following sentences.1. The cake tastes delicious.2. He became a successful lawyer.3. She felt exhausted after the long journey.#### Exercise 5: Identify the AdverbialCircle the adverbial in each sentence.1. The concert starts at 8 PM.2. She sings beautifully.3. They will travel to France next summer.#### Exercise 6: Constructing SentencesUsing the given words, create sentences and identify thecomponents.1. (Subject: The dog, Predicate: barked, Adverbial: at the mailman)- The dog barked at the mailman.2. (Subject: We, Predicate: will go, Adverbial: to the beach, Complement: tomorrow)- We will go to the beach tomorrow.3. (Subject: The students, Predicate: are listening, Object: attentively, Complement: to the lecture)- The students are listening attentively to the lecture.#### Explanation of Answers- In Exercise 1, the subjects are "The cat," "She," and "The sun."- In Exercise 2, the predicates are "slept on the mat," "quickly finished her homework," and "rises in the east."- In Exercise 3, the objects are "a gift," "the lesson," and "the lost dog."- In Exercise 4, the complements are "delicious," "a successful lawyer," and "exhausted."- In Exercise 5, the adverbials are "at 8 PM," "beautifully," and "next summer."- In Exercise 6, the sentences are constructed with the given components, and the components are identified accordingly.Remember, practice makes perfect. Keep working on these exercises to improve your understanding of English sentence structure. Happy learning!。
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第1讲句子成分英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。
但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。
同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。
考点1.划分句子成分时的常用符号英语中划句子成分的符号主语在下面划一直线谓语在下面划曲线宾语在下面划双横线定语在下面划虚线（一行点使我们想到一排钉子，“钉”谐音为“定语” 的“定”）状语下面为短横线（短横线使我们想到短木桩，木桩撞（状）钟）补语上一短横，下一短横（下一短横好像是为了弥补上面短横间的空隙）同位语上下双曲线，（虽都有曲折，上下位置基本相同考点2.主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。
可以作主语的词性或语法结构：1.名词2.代词3.数词4.名词化的形容词（如the rich）5.不定式6.动名词7.主语从句等表示。
练习1.在下面句子的主语下面划横线，并说出由什么充当1.During the 1990s, American country music hasbecome more and more popular.2.We often speak English in class.3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health.6.The rich should help the poor.7.When we are going to have an English test has notbeen decided.8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.9.That he isn’t at home is not true练习2.改正下列句中的错误，并说明原因1.He failed the exam is the reason why he droppedout.2.That why he was late for school was that his motherwas ill.3.Beyond the mountains lie a small village.4.Gone is the days when I had to go to school on foot.5.Play basketball is my favorite sport.6.Give up English is not an option.考点3.谓语谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如：He practices running every morning.He reads newspapers every day.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。
如：You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caugh t a bad cold.My sister is crying over there.I have been waiting for you all the time.I would stay at home all day.（2）由系动词加表语构成。
系动词不能单独作谓语，要和表语一起作谓语。
如：We are students.Your idea sounds great.考点4.表语表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。
表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。
练习3.划出下列句中的表语，并说明有什么充当。
1.Our teacher of English is an American.2.Is it yours?3.The weather has turned cold.4.The speech is exciting.5.Three times seven is twenty one.6.His job is to teach English.7.His hobby（爱好）is playing football.8.The machine must be under repairs.9.The truth is that he has never been abroad.考点5.宾语宾语由名词性的词充当，表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语，分别构成动宾结构和介词结构。
练习4.划出下列句中的宾语, 并说明有什么充当。
1.They planed many trees yesterday.2.(How many dictionaries do you have?) I have five.3.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.4.I wanted to buy a car.5.I enjoy listening to popular music.6.I think（that）he is fit for his office.考点6.宾语补足语英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。
宾语补足语和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
换句话说，在意思上，宾语相当于宾补的主语。
带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等）+宾语+宾补。
宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。
练习5.用线划出下列句中的宾语补足语，并指出是什么词充当，同时体会宾补和宾语之间的逻辑关系。
1.His father named him Dongming.2.They painted their boat white.3.Let the fresh air in.4.You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.5.We saw her entering the room.6.We found everything in the lab in good order.7.We will soon make our city what your city is now.8.I want your homework done on time.考点7.主补对主语的补充。
（含有宾语补足语的句子在变成被动语态，宾语作主语时，原来的宾补就成了主语补足语。
He was elected monitor.She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.考点8.定语定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“…的”表示。
定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。
在英语中，许多情况下，定语是放在所修饰词后面的，这点与汉语习惯不同，也是许多同学不能读懂长句的主要原因。
①副词用作定语一般要后置。
People there are very friendly. (那儿的人们)He didn’t like the man downstairs. （楼下的那个人）②形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后单个形容词作定语一般放在所修饰词之前，而形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后The next man is a scientist.The man next to me is a scientist.（我旁边的那个人）③介词短语作定语时要后置The boy under the tree is Tom.（树下的那个男孩）The tallest boy in our class is John.（我们班最高的那个男孩）④现在分词短语、过去分词短语、动词不定式做定语常后置I have something to say. (直译：我有要说的话)The boy crying over there is my classmate.（在那边哭的那个男孩）The house built last year is impressive.（去年建的那座房子）练习6.口头翻译下列句子，用下划线标出定语部分，留意定语的位置，并说明定语是什么词性或结构充当。
1.The letter on the desk is for Mr. Wu.2.The woman with a baby in her arms is his mother.3.We need a place twice larger than this one.4.She carried a basket full of eggs.5.It’s a book worth no more than one dollar.6.It’s a city far from the coast.7.He has money enough to buy a car.8.The man downstairs was trying to sleep.9.There are lots of places of interest needing repairingin our city.10.Tigers belonging to meat-eating animals feed onmeat.11.A boy calling himself John wanted to see you12.He picked up a wallet lying on the ground on theway back home13.There are many clothes to be washed.14.Most of the singers invited to the party were fromAmerica.15.Then the great day came when he was to march pastthe palace in the team.写作专练1.用活形容词短语做后置定语：（P10）比昂英语（原远航英语）系列丛书之《高中英语语法通霸2012版》（适合2013高考）考点9.状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子, 说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。