英语语用学

a particular response
habit
Error
Interference Proactive inhibition
Proactive inhibition
is
negative transfer positive transfer
errors
Home work
Please answer the following questions. Your own views are more important and valuable than what is said to be correct answers. 1. What is your own definition of a ‘good language learner’? 2. What does Corder mean by saying that an ‘error’ is ‘systematic’ and a ‘mistake’ is ‘unsystematic’? Do you see any problems with this definition? 3. Later Corder recognizes that it may be difficult to distinguish ‘errors’ and ‘mistakes’. Can you suggest ways of doing this?
Positive Transfer
pronunciation:/m/, /n/, /f/, /w/, /ei/, etc. word order: declarative sentence 昨天我父亲给我一辆自行车 这件事让我很烦恼 strategies one country, two system
Negative Transfer
a. pronunciation:［i:］［i］、［u:］［u］; ［θ］，［e］，［v］，［w］,etc. ［θ］→ “s”，［i］ → “i”， “feel” →“fill”， “thing” →“sing” ,etc. intonation
b. Grammar
Research Approaches
Case study a. Naturalistic observation( notes, tapes, videos, interviews ) b. Introspective (diary studies; English teaching in China) Experimental Study Correlational Study Survey
Biblioteka Baidu
c. pragmatic use
Pragmatic failure，Jenny Thomas（1979） Hi， who are you waiting for ？ How many money do you have a month? Have you eaten?”
Theory: 以理论和证据为基础的、用于解释 理论和证据为基础的 为基础的、 普遍原理的陈述 某一事实或现象的普遍原理的陈述。 某一事实或现象的普遍原理的陈述。 Hypothesis:在研究中用量化的方法和统计 在研究中用量化的方法和统计 在研究中用量化的方法和 手段分析数据并就有关现象之间的已知关系 或预计关系作出推测 推测。 或预计关系作出推测。 Model: 确定语言的某些方面或特征以便说明 确定语言的某些方面或特征以便说明 语言的某些方面或特征 结构或功能的 其结构或功能的系统方法 Ellis（1985）介绍了 种二语习得理论或模式 （ ）介绍了7种二语习得理论或模式 (Chapter 10)
History and present research
Contrastive Analysis (1940-1960s, Robert Lado) Error Analysis (1970s, Corder; Bley-Vroman; Schachter) Interlanguage Analysis (1970s-1980s, Nemser; Corder, Selinker) Morpheme Analysis (1970s＊;Dulay&Burt) Universal Grammar (1980s, Chomsky) Leraner Corpus (1980s-1990s-present; sylviane Granger)
Lexicology “pursue”，“chase” “take the medicine”， “eat the medicine”， 红茶（black tea）” “red tea” Syntax 汉语：意合为主，无词形变换 英语：形合为主，连词，词形变换，结构严谨 1. He very much wants to go 2. 小的时候，父母常常带她去公园。 As a small child ，her parents often took her to the park.， As a small child，she was often taken to the park. When she was a small child，her parents often took her to the park.
The role of the first language
Quiz
Please explain the following key terms in your own words. 1. First language, mother tongue 2. Second language, foreign language interlanguage 3. negative transfer, positive transfer 4. contrastive analysis Please list at least five examples of L1 transfer in English learning as Chinese students.
Introduction to Chapter 2
Corder(1978a): restructuring process General learning Behaviorist learning A particular stimulus theory(1960s) stimuli→responses (haphazard or predicted) Habit ↗observable ↘automatic Watson Skinner