分词做定语和状语与定语从句和状语从句的转换12 1
分词作定语和状语-转换为从句
3.They lived in a house facing the south.
They lived in a hoபைடு நூலகம்se that faced south.
I.作定语的现在分词
4.The building being built will be our library. The building which is being built will be our library. 5.John, wearing a dirty coat, ran up to his mum. John, who was wearing a dirty coat, ran up to his mum.
非谓语动词一讲
作定语与状语的分词
分词=现在分词(doing)+过去分词(done)。
现在分词的结构
主动形式
一般式 doing 完成式 having done
被动形式
being done having been done
典型错误
1.Entering the room, nothing strange was found.
And she broke it into pieces.
5.Working hard, you are sure to make it.（条件）
If you work hard,
Turning left, you will find the school.
If you turn left,
IV.作状语的过去分词
III.作状语的现在分词
1.Reading the story, he nodded from time to time.(时间)
定语从句与状语从句的替换方式
定语从句与状语从句的替换方式定状从句简述在学习英语从句的过程中，我们经常会遇到两种常见的从句，即定语从句和状语从句。
定语从句用来修饰名词或代词，在句中充当定语的作用；而状语从句则用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，起到状语的作用。
在实际应用中，我们有时可以灵活地将定语从句转换为状语从句，或者将状语从句转换为定语从句，以达到语言表达的多样性和准确性。
替换方式一：使用非限制性定语从句替换状语从句状语从句通常对于叙述句的主要内容进行补充和解释，而非限制性定语从句的作用也正是如此。
因此，我们可以将某些状语从句替换为非限制性定语从句，以增强语言表达的连贯性和流畅度。
例如：状语从句：As I was walking home, I saw a shooting star.非限制性定语从句：I saw a shooting star, as I was walking home.这里，我们将状语从句"As I was walking home"转换为非限制性定语从句形式，使得句子结构更加紧凑，语义更加清晰。
替换方式二：使用单词或短语替换状语从句有时，我们可以用单词或短语来替换状语从句，以简化句子结构或减少重复的表达。
例如：状语从句：Because it was raining, we stayed indoors.替换为：Due to the rain, we stayed indoors.这里，我们用"due to"这个短语替换了状语从句"because it was raining"，使得句子更加简洁，并保持了原本的语义。
替换方式三：使用分词或不定式替换状语从句分词和不定式有时可以用来替换状语从句，以减少冗余的表达或使句子更加简练。
例如：状语从句：After he finished his homework, he went to bed.替换为：Having finished his homework, he went to bed.这里，我们使用现在分词"having finished"替换了状语从句"after he finished his homework"，使得句子更加简洁而不失准确性。
语法定语从句和状语从句的转换
语法定语从句和状语从句的转换定语从句和状语从句是英语语法中常见的两种从句结构。
它们在句子中起到不同的修饰作用。
本文将探讨语法定语从句和状语从句的转换，以帮助读者更好地理解和使用这两种从句结构。
一、什么是语法定语从句和状语从句定语从句是一种用来修饰名词或代词的从句，起到限定或补充说明的作用。
语法定语从句通常由关系代词（如that, which, who）或关系副词（如when, where, why）引导，它们在从句中担任主语、宾语或表语等成分。
状语从句则是一种用来修饰动词、形容词或副词的从句，起到表达时间、原因、条件、目的、结果等不同状语关系的作用。
状语从句通常由各类连词（如when, because, if, so that）引导。
二、从定语从句到状语从句的转换虽然定语从句和状语从句在结构和功能上有所区别，但它们之间可以进行转换。
下面的例子将详细解释这两种从句的转换关系。
1. 从定语从句转换为时间状语从句定语从句可以用来修饰表示时间的名词，如"The day when I met her was unforgettable."（我遇见她的那一天是令人难忘的）。
如果要将这个定语从句转换为时间状语从句，可以改写为"When I met her, it was unforgettable."（当我遇见她的时候，那是令人难忘的）。
2. 从定语从句转换为条件状语从句定语从句还可以用来修饰表示条件的名词，如"The situation where there is no choice is difficult."（没有选择的情况是困难的）。
将这个定语从句转换为条件状语从句时，可以改写为"If there is no choice, the situation is difficult."（如果没有选择，情况就会困难）。
3. 从定语从句转换为目的状语从句定语从句可以修饰表示目的的名词，如"The reason why he went to the party was to meet new friends."（他去派对的原因是结交新朋友）。
关于分词作定语和状语解说
关于分词作定语和状语解说语法是在学习英语中的一个基础，基础的东西会为了我们打造一个更好的学习效果，以下是小编给大家整理的分词作定语和状语解说，希望可以帮到大家分词作状语<一>As I didn't receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.-> Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了电话。
If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.-> Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.假如多给些照顾，那些树会长得更好。
典型例题1)_____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.A. FollowedB. Followed byC. Being followedD. Having been followed答案B. Napoleon 与follow 之间有被动的含义。
being followed除表达被动之外，还有动作正在进行之意。
followed by(被…跟随)。
本题可改为： With some officials following, Napoleon inspected his army.2)There was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.A. followedB. followingC. to be followedD. being followed答案B. 由于声音在闪电后，因此为声跟随着光，声音为跟随的发出者，为主动。
用现在分词。
3)_______, liquids can be changed into gases.A. HeatingB. To be heatedC. HeatedD. Heat答案C. 本题要选一分词作为状语。
人教版高中英语必修 4 unit 4语法精讲精练--- 分词作定语和状语
必修 4 unit 4语法精讲-----分词作定语和状语一、作定语。
单个的分词作定语时放在所修饰词的前面，但是如果修饰some/any/no/every+thing/body/one 或者指示代词those时，分词应在其后。
分词短语作定语时应放在所修饰词的后面。
在用作定语时，分词在意思上接近一个定语从句。
The boring snow made the bored boys go home. (= The snow was boring, so the boys wee bored and went home.)注：现在分词与过去分词都可作定语，但现在分词表达的是正在进行的事情，有主动意义；而过去分词表示的是已完成的事情，有被动意义。
例如：I have no teeth left.Anyone swimming will be punished.The question being discussed in the meeting is very important.There are a lot of fallen leaves on the ground.二、作状语。
分词在句中作状语时表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果或让步等，多置于句首，做伴随状语，多放在后面。
分词用于go doing结构中作目的状语。
分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。
如果与句子主语不一致，那么分词短语就需要有自己的逻辑主语，且要用独立主格结构形式来表达。
①时间状语：分词作时间状语相当于时间状语从句。
现在分词作时间状语一般位于句首，表示的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生，有时现在分词前可以加上时间连词。
如果分词动作发生在谓语动词之前，用现在分词的完成体形式。
过去分词作时间状语与谓语动词构成同时性和被动意义。
分词前有时加上时间连词。
Arriving (=When he arrived) at the bus stop, he found his sister there.Waiting (=When I was waiting) to see the doctor, I met with a friend of mine.Having (=When we have) made full preparations, we are ready for an examination.Having (=When he had) finished his homework, he went to bed.After finishing his homework, he went to bed.Seen (=When the town is seen) from the hill, the town looks more beautiful.Locked (=When he was looked) up in the room, he found himself isolated from the outer world.When asked to make a speech, he said he was glad to do so.当请他作演讲时Once recovered, he will go all out to do his work.一旦康复②原因状语：分词作原因状语相当于原因状语从句。
定语从句与定语或状语间的转化
定语从句与定语或状语间的转化在转化的过程中是限定性的定语从句仍需要转化成限定性，非限定性的仍需要转化为非限定性的。
定语从句与分词的转化分为以下几种情况：一、直接转化为-ing或-ed 形式这种形式只需去掉定语从句中的who/which is/was/are/were即可。
如：The girl (who is) dancing now just returned from Taiwan. 正在跳舞的姑娘刚从台湾回来。
I love the stories (which were)written by Hemingway. 我喜欢海明威写的小说。
2、将动词的形式重新进行-ing形式转化Look at that house. That is my home which stands at the top of the mountain.转化为：Look at that house. That is my home standing at the top of the mountain. 瞧，那就是我的家，座落在山顶上。
My sister, who lived in France for ages, now lives in Beijing.转化为：My sister, having lived in France for ages, now lives in Beijing. 我姐姐在法国住过多年，现在住在北京。
3、有些非限定性定语从句可以转化为分词式的定语或状语（1）My mother, who hasn’t been used to living in the city, has made up her mind to settle in the country. 我妈妈由于不习惯于住在城市，决定到乡村定居。
转化为：My mother, not having been used to living in the city, has made up her mind to settle in the country.或转化为；Not having been used to living in the city, my mother had made up her mind to settle in the country.（2）Charles, who was a brave man, returned to France.转化为：Being a brave man, Charles returned to France. 勇敢的查里斯回到了巴黎。
过去分词做状语和定语时的区别
过去分词做状语和定语时的区别一、过去分词(短语)做状语1、与句子主语的关系当过去分词(短语)做状语时，要与句子的主语有关系，而且一般是被动关系。
在读下面所有的例句时，请注意过去分词短语与句子主语的关系。
先分析例句：Frightened by Santa Claus …words，Scrooge woke up.句子的主语是Scrooge，状语部分为Frightened by Santa Claus‟words，可以看出Scrooge是“被”Santa Claus的话“惊吓”(Frightened)。
2、在句子中的位置过去分词做状语，修饰的是句子中的位于，多放在句首，也可以放在后面，后者插在句子的中间。
Seen from the hill，the city looks magnificent.从山上看这座城市非常壮观。
They came in，followed by their wives.他们进来了，妻子们跟随在后。
Tom，horrified at what he had done，could at first say nothing.Tom对他做的事感到恐惧，一时说不出话来。
3、所表示的状语种类过去分词做状语可以表示伴随情况(即主句的谓语动作与状语同时发生)、表示原因、表示条件、也可以表示时间。
He entered，accompanied by his secretary.(伴随情况)他由秘书陪着走了进来。
Moved by his speech，many people volunteered to help in the work.(原因)由于受他讲话的感动，许多人自愿参加这项活动。
Taken in time，the medicine will be quite effective.(条件)如果及时服用，这种药是相当有效的。
Heated，water changes into steam.(时间)当被加热的时候，水可以变成蒸汽。
现在分词做定语及状语
现在分词 (V-ing)作定语和状语课前预习案学习建议：根据所列例句，理解并尝试总结现在分词在句子中的用法。
动词 --ing形式作定语和状语I.ing形式作定语1.现在分词作前置定语时，在逻辑上与所修饰的名词之间为主谓关系，也可改成定语从句；如果与所修饰的名词之间没有主谓关系，定语相当于一个介词for 引导的短语。
现在分词位于所修饰的名词之后做后置定语，与所修饰的名词之间呈逻辑上的主谓关系，相当于一个定语从句。
如：a listening child= a childwho is listening, a walking stick= a stick for walking.2.现在分词作定语往往表示“令人⋯⋯” ，主动的或正在进行的动作。
如： a moving film, a developing country.II. ing形式作状语动词-ing 形式在句子中做状语，表示的动作是主语动作的一部分，与谓语动词表示的动作或状态是同时或者几乎同时发生的，经常可以做时间、原因、方式、条件、结果、目的、让步状语从句。
句子的主语必须是状语的逻辑主语；而且主语与作状语的分词之间呈逻辑上的主谓关系。
1.原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。
1).Being ill, she didn’t go to school today.因为生病，她今天没上学去。
2). Seeing no one at home, I decided to come again.看见没有人在家，我决定再来一趟。
2.时间状语，相当于 when, while 等引导的从句。
1).Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy.当听到这个好消息时，他高兴地跳了起来。
2).Walking in the street, I saw a friend of mine.当我走在街上时，我看到了我的朋友。
如果分词短语表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生，常在分词短语前加上when或 while 。
定语从句与状语从句的替换方式例词
定语从句与状语从句的替换方式例词定语从句与状语从句是英语语法中常见的复合句结构，用来修饰名词或者表达条件、原因、目的等语义。
在表达中，我们可以通过替换方式来改变句子的结构和表达方式。
本文将以一些例词来说明定语从句与状语从句的替换方式，以帮助读者更好地理解和运用。
一、定语从句的替换方式定语从句在句子中充当定语的作用，修饰某个名词或代词。
下面是一些常见的替换方式：1. 关系副词替换：关系副词"where"、"when"、"why"可以替换定语从句中的限制性定语从句，从而简化句子结构。
例词：原句1：The school where I study English is very famous.替换1：The school I study English in is very famous.原句2：This is the reason why she is angry.替换2：This is the reason she is angry.2. 关系代词替换：关系代词"that"、"which"、"who"、"whom"可以替换定语从句中的限制性定语从句，起到简化和减少重复的作用。
例词：原句1：I like the book that you lent me.替换1：I like the book you lent me.原句2：The girl who won the first prize is my cousin.替换2：The girl winning the first prize is my cousin.3. 关系副词或代词 + "to do"替换：关系副词或代词加上"to do"的形式，可以替换定语从句中的非限制性定语从句，使句子更加简洁。
分词短语与定语从句 状语从句的转换
The students studying here are mostly from peasant familiesThe students who study here are mostly from peasant families在这里学习的学生大部分是农民家庭出身。
风庆轮航行32，000海里后，胜利地返回上海。
风庆轮是中国制造的并且完全是中国装备的一艘轮船。
The man talking with Mary is my brother．跟玛丽谈话的那个人是我哥哥。
This is a book written by a worker.This is a book that is written by a worker.这是工人写的一本书。
Arriving at the village, she saw several machines working in the fields．When she arrived at the village，she saw several machines working in the fields．到达村庄时，她看见几台机器在田间工作。
I learned a lot while working in the countryside．I learned a lot while I worked in the countryside．，我在农村劳动时学了许多东西。
Since you are a Party member，you should set an example an example to others．Being a Party member, you should set an example an example to others．你是个党员，就应该给别人树立个榜样。
Listening to the Party，you will certainly succeed．你如果听党的话，肯定会成功。
现在分词作状语,过去分词作状语,表语,宾补,定语
V-ing （现在分词）作状语v-ed/done(过去分词)作状语，表语，定语，宾补一．现在分词的形式形式主动形式被动形式否定形式一般式doing beingdone not doing/beingdone完成式havingdone having been done not having(been)done二．现在分词作状语辨析：动词的-ing 形式和动词不定式作结果状语的区别。
辨析：（1）动词的-ing 形式作结果状语通常表示自然而然的结果。
（2）动词不定式作结果状语通常表示意想不到的结果，常与only 连用，构成“only to do sth.”三．连词+动词的-ing 形式作状语，省略状语从句的主语和系动词be ，表示主动或者正在句子功能例句1.作时间状语，相当于when,while,as,after 等引导的时间状语从句Crossing the road,the old man was knocked over by a car.=When he was crossing the road,the old man was knocked over by a car.2.作原因状语，相当于as,because,since 等引导的原因状语从句Having eaten too much ,he couldn 't go to sleep.=Because he had eaten too much,he couldn't go to sleep.3.作条件状语，相当于if,once,unless 等引导的条件状语从句Using your head,you 'll find a good way.=If you use your head,you'll find a good way.4.作方式或伴随状语，相当于and 连接的并列谓语动词。
Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way.=Four people entered the room and looked around in a curious way.5.作结果状语，可扩展为有并列谓语的句子。
分词作表语、定语、状语
分词作表语、定语、状语一、现在分词和过去分词的区别more beautiful.二、分词的用法1分词作表语1）跟在系动词之后分词作表语，一般跟在be, get, become, look, sound, feel, keep,remain, grow, seem, appear 等系动词后面。
现在分词作表语：一般表主动或主语的性质和特征。
含有“令人⋯⋯”的意思。
主语多数情况下是物。
过去分词作表语：一般表被动或主语所处的状态。
含有“感到⋯⋯”的意思。
主语多数情况下是人。
而作表语用的分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。
常见的原以下：现在分词：moving, interesting, encouraging, exciting,inspiring, boring,surprising, puzzling, amusing, astonishing,missing, promissing过去分词：interested, moved, discouraged, amused, astonished, frighten, excited, inspired, pleased, satisfied, tired, worried, completed, delighted, hurt, married, crowded。
The news sounds encouraging.这个消息听起来令人鼓舞。
How did the audience receive the new play?观众对这个新剧反映如何？They got very excited.他们非常激动。
How did Bob do in the exams this time?这次鲍伯考得怎么样？Well, his father seems pleased with his results.不错，他父亲似乎对于他的成绩感到高兴。
过去分词作定语和状语
过去分词作定语和状语概念引入在前两个单元我们已经学过过去分词作定语和表语，及过去分词作宾语补足语，在本单元中我们先复习一下过去分词作定语，然后学习过去分词作状语。
看下面句子：1. Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.2. Well-known for their expertise, his parents’company, called “Future Tours”,transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.3. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached.4. Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.5. Described as an enormous round plate, it spins slowly in space to imitate thepull of the earth’s gravity.这些句子中斜体词部分都是过去分词，在句中作状语。
那么过去分词作状语，有什么需要注意呢？用法讲解过去分词作定语：在第一单元，我们已经学过了过去分词作定语的用法，这里做一简单复习。
1. 过去分词作定语与定语从句：过去分词作定语，具有形容词或副词的作用，该分词及其修饰成分相当于定语从句。
如果把分词短语转变成定语从句时，这个定语从句应具备两个特征：1）从句的主语和所修饰的先行词一致；如2）的例句1中定语从句的主语就是所修饰词a teacher。
2）从句的谓语动词为被动语态形式。
She is a teacher respected by all her students. 她是位受所有学生尊敬的老师。
= She is a teacher who is respected by all her students.This is the best novel of its kind ever written. 这是这类小说中写得最好的。
现在分词作定语和状语的用法现在分词做状语和定语
现在分词作定语和状语的用法现在分词做状语和定语【导语】学习英语贵在坚持，找到适合自己的方法，多运用多温故。
大了大量英语学习资源，一起来看看吧！一、现在分词在句中作原因状语 1.分词短语在句中作原因状语时，相当于一个原因状语从句。
与时间状语一样，也要注意分词所表示的动作与谓语动作的先后关系。
当分词所表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生时，用分词的一般形式。
此时分词的逻辑主语须是句中的主语。
这样的原因状语可以换成because, as引导的原因状语，该从句谓语动词用一般过去时。
Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked the teacher for help.因为不知道如何解这道物理难题，他求助老师。
= Because he didn"t know how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked…help.2.当分词表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，可以用现在分词的完成式在句中作原因状语，其逻辑主语须为句中的主语，该短语的作用相当于一个原因状语从句。
该从句的谓语动词须用完成时。
如：Having lived with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well.= Because we have lived with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well. 因为与那个女孩一起生活了五年，我们都非常了解她。
三、现在分词短语在句中可以作条件状语，其逻辑主语须为句中的主语，该短语相当于一个条件状语从句。
Working hard, you"ll sueed. = If you work hard, you"ll sueed. 如果你努力工作，你会成功的。
现在分词与定语从句转换
Doing (1)【内容】(1)动名词和现在分词(2)现在分词与过去分词对比应用：状语，表语，伴随或方式，原因，条件，让步等(3)现在分词作定语时与定于从句之间的转化。
(4)现在分词作状语与状语从句的转化。
一．动名词：【定义】相当于名词，在句中作主语；宾语；表语。
【构成形式】主动：doing sth 被动：being doneHaving done having been done.【应用】1.做主语。
(1)当动词短语或动词位于句首时做主语。
被看作单数不可数名词。
主语较长时用it代替主语。
(2) 特殊句型。
It is no use doing sthIt is useless doing sthIt is no good doing sthIt is a waste of time doing sthIt is worthwhile doing sthThere is no point\ use in doing sthThere is nothing wore than doing sth 没什么比做…更糟糕的。
(3) 练习一下。
<a> 听到这个坏消息使他哭了起来。
<b> 开快车是非常危险的。
<c> 已经错过了早班车已经使她很担忧。
<d> 看那本书是浪费时间。
2.作动词宾语。
(1)Forbid doing sth; allow doing sth ，advocate doing sth ; admit doing sth ; Advise\ suggest doing sth; risk doing sth; appreciate doing sth; enjoy doing sth; Envy doing sth; avoid doing sth; consider doing sth; delay doing sth; deny doing sth. Dislike doing sth; escape doing sth; excuse doing sth; finish doing sth; forgive doing sth. Understand doing sth; give up doing sth; imagine doing sth; keep doing sth; mind doing sth. Miss doing sth , practice doing sth, put off doing sth, resist doing sth; can’t help doing sth; Can’t stand doing sth; devote to doing sth; look forward to doing sth, stick to doing sth; be used to doing sth, object to doing sth; be busy in doing sth; adapt to doing sth; be occupied in doing sth;(2)Sth need \ require\ want doing(3) allow\ permit\forbid\advice doing sth(4) 练习<a> The light in the office is still on. He forgot (turn) it off.<b> Don’t you remember (see)the man before?<c> I can’t bear (laugh).<d> you will forbid (photograph) in the park.= you will in the park.<e> Your composition needs (correct) .= Your composition needs .做介词宾语(1) 动词+ 介词+ doing sthBe used to doing ; be related to doing; get down to doing ; be given to doing =be addicted to doing ; put one’s mind to doing ; give rise to (引起); be equal to doing sth ; devote one’s to doing sth ; lead to doing sth; object to doing ; look forward to doing sth; be opposed to doing sth ; stop\ keep\ prevent sb from doingh sth; protect sb from doing sth; forbid sb from doing sth; Remind sb of doing sth ; Warn sb of doing sth ; Rob sb of doing sth; inform sb of doing sth ; accuse sb of doing sth ; feel like doing sth.(2) 形容词+ 介词+doing sthBe busy in doing ; be occupied in; be interested in ; be responsible for doing sth..(3) 主语+ have + fun\ pleasure \a good time\ trouble \ difficulty \ problem in doing sth;have no hesitation in doing sth(4) what\ how about doing sth (征求意见)(5)go + shopping\ swimming\ camping\ climbing\hiking\ running\skating\ walking\ sightseeing\dancing\ fishing\ riding\ jogging\ hunting\ driving\ boating ……练习<a> I used to (get) up late , but now I am used to (get) up early.<b> The rain prevented us from (go) out .<c> She objects to (marry) me.<d> 你对打篮球感兴趣吗？<e> 我读懂他有困难。
浅议定语从句和状语从句与分词(短语)的转换
浅议定语从句和状语从句与分词(短语)的转换
陈铁生
【期刊名称】《考试周刊》
【年(卷),期】2008(000)047
【摘要】在高职英语分词的课堂教学中,为了使学生能够正确地使用分词(短语),教师常常通过将从句转换成分词(短语)的方法来达到这一目的.本文就如何将定语从句或状语从句转换成分词(短语)以及转换时应注意的地方进行了阐述.
【总页数】2页(P70-71)
【作者】陈铁生
【作者单位】无锡市旅游商贸高等职业技术学校,江苏,无锡,214000
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】H3
【相关文献】
1.试谈状语从句与分词作状语的转换
2.试谈定语从句紧缩为分词短语
3.浅析有些定语从句不能转换为分词短语的现象
4.分词短语与定语从句的转换
5.浅谈分词短语作定语与定语从句
因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。
状语从句与分词作状语的转换
状语从句与分词作状语的转换状语从句与分词作状语的转换时间、原因等状语从句可以转换成分词作状语，但这种转换是有条件的，也有一定的规律可循。
一、基本规则，也是最重要的规则是：从句的主语与主句的主语必须一致，变从句而主句不变。
如：They did not go to the Summer Palace because they had a lot of work to do．由于从句的主语与主句的主语都是they，可以把从句中because 和they去掉，把had变成having，即成现在分词短语作原因状语：Having a lot of work to do，they did not go to the Summer Palace．二、从句如果表示主动、完成，进行的动作，则转换成现在分词；如果表示被动，则转换成过去分词。
1．When he heard a cry for help，he rushed out．从句中，he was与heard是主动关系，表示“他听见”。
则可变成现在分词作时间状语。
Hearing a cry for help，he rushed out．2．The boy Cater went up to his teacher and said“sorry”because he was great-ly touched by his words．从句中，he was touched是被动关系，是“孩子被深深地触动了”，则变成过去分词作原因状语。
Greatly touched by his teacher's words，the boy laterwent up to him and said“sorry”．三、如果从句的主语与主句的主语不一致，该怎么办？请看下例：1．As the heroes' deeds moved them deeply，they decided to study even harder．句中，主句的主语是they，而从句主语是the heroes'deeds，主语不一致，这时可以把从句变换一下句型，变成被动语态。
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• 分词短语作定语与定语从句之间的转换 • 分词短语作状语与状语从句之间的转换
分词短语作定语与定语从句 之间的转换
• The meeting held last week is very important. • =The meeting which was held last week is very important. • 过去分词短语作定语，表被动
• Tell the boy playing there not to make loud noise. • =Tell the boy who is playing there not to make loud noise。 • 现在分词短语作定语，表主动且动作正在进行.
• 练习题：32E 1，4，6，9，12
• 主语+think/find/consider+it(形式宾语）+不 定式/宾语从句（真正宾语）
It的其他结构
• It seems that John is not coming er all.
• =John doesn’t seem to be coming after all.
• It seems +表语从句 • =表语从句主语+seem+不定式做表语
• The house standing on the corner of the street was built in 1955.
• =The house which stands on the corner of the street was built in 1955
• 现在分词短语作定语，表主动
11 醉翁亭记
1．反复朗读并背诵课文，培养文言语感。
2．结合注释疏通文义，了解文本内容，掌握文本写作思路。
3．把握文章的艺术特色，理解虚词在文中的作用。
4．体会作者的思想感情，理解作者的政治理想。一、导入新课范仲淹因参与改革被贬，于庆历六年写下《岳阳楼记》，寄托自己“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”的政治理想。实际上，这次改革，受到贬谪的除了范仲淹和滕子京之外，还有范仲淹改革的另一位支持者——北宋大文学家、史学家欧
苏辙、曾巩合称“唐宋八大家”。后人又将其与韩愈、柳宗元和苏轼合称“千古文章四大家”。
• Encouraged by his heroic deed, they worked harder.
• 分词做状语，其逻辑主语应与句子主语保持一致。 • 练习：32E 3,5,7,10,11
垂悬分词
• Moved by his speech, tears came to the girl’s eyes. • 错误
• 改错： • Crossing the street, a car hit the boy. • Crossing the street, the boy was hit by the car. • The boy crossing the street, a car hit him.
独立主格结构— 名词+分词/副词/介词短语
Miller. • He went off , gun in hand.
先行it
It作形式主语
• 真正的主语是？ • It is important for us to learn English. • It is kind of you to do so. • It is no use crying over spilt milk. • It is important that we learn English. • It doesn’t matter whether the answer is right
• 解决方法： • 1.改变句子结构，使句子主语与分词的逻辑主语保持一致 • Moved by his speech, the girl couldn’t hold back her tears.
• 2. 在分词前添加分词自己的逻辑主语，变成独立主格结构 • The girl moved by his speech, tears came to the girl’s eyes.
分词短语作状语与状语从句 之间的转换
• When they heard the bad news, they couldn’t help crying
• Hearing the bad news, they couldn’t help crying.
• Because they were encouraged by his heroic deed, they worked harder.
or wrong.
• It(形式主语） is+名词/形容词+不定式/动名词/主 语从句（真正主语）
It 做形式宾语
• We think it necessary to promote the development of education.
• We think it necessary that education should be promoted.
在句中充当时间，原因，条件，方式，伴随状语
• There being nothing else to do, we left. • His voice drowned by the noise, the
speaker interrupted his lecture. • The meal over, prayers were read by Miss
阳修。他于庆历五年被贬谪到滁州，也就是今天的安徽省滁州市。也是在此期间，欧阳修在滁州留下了不逊于《岳阳楼记》的千古名篇——《醉翁亭记》。接下来就让我们一起来学习这篇课文吧！【教学提示】结合前文教学，有利于学生把握本文写作背景，进而加深学生对作品含义的理解。二、教学新
课目标导学一：认识作者，了解作品背景作者简介：欧阳修(1007—1072)，字永叔，自号醉翁，晚年又号“六一居士”。吉州永丰(今属江西)人，因吉州原属庐陵郡，因此他又以“庐陵欧阳修”自居。谥号文忠，世称欧阳文忠公。北宋政治家、文学家、史学家，与韩愈、柳宗元、王安石、苏洵、苏轼、