外科学:05_心肺脑复苏(CPCR)
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➢心跳停止后 4 min 内开始BLS,8 min 内开始 ALS,复苏成功率最高。
不做CPR的情况
CPR
1. CPR 历史
❖ The history of CPR and cerebrial arrest prophylaxis begins in ancient times.
➢ 5000 -first artificial mouth to mouth ventilation in 3000 BC ➢ 1780 – first attempt of newborn resuscitation by blowing ➢ 1874 – first experimental direct cardiac massage ➢ 1901 – first successful direct cardiac massage in man ➢ 1946 – first experimental indirect cardiac massage and
②尽早进行CPR;
③尽早以除颤器除颤;
④尽早进行高级生命支持。
③
④
临床和流行病学研究证实,4 个环节中早期电除颤是挽救 病人生命最关键的环节。
2.CPCR的阶段划分及主要步骤
初期复苏(Basic Life Support,BLS) 现场急救
后期复苏(Advanced Life Support,ALS) 医院 & ICU急救
心脏骤停
1.心脏骤停的原因
心室颤动是最主要原因
Causes of circulation arrest
Cardiac
Extracardiac
❖ Ischemic heart disease (myocardial infarction, stenocardia)
❖ airway obstruction ❖ acute respiratory failure
Safar: opening airway 1958 Elam: mouth to mouth breath
Modern circulatory resuscitation in the 1960s
Kouwenhoven :external cardiac compression,1960,
Therapeuticall promising reseach on brain resuscitation began in 1970.
defibrillation ➢ 1960 – indirect cardiac massage ➢ 1980 – development of cardiopulmonary resuscitation
due to the works of Peter Safar
History of CPR(1770,?)
复苏后治疗(Post Resuscitation Treatment,PRT)
Circulation Airway
BLS
Breathing defibrillation
Airway Breathing Circulation
drugs & fluids
ALS
EKG fibrillation treatment
History of CPR(1773,1812)
❖
History of CPR
There were no immediately applicable effective emergency resuscitation techniques available before 1950s.
Modern respiratory resuscitation was pioneered in 1950s
三个复苏阶段的主要内容
intensive care
PRT
cerebral resuscitation
开始复苏步骤
发现病人失去知觉后: ➢ 轻摇并呼叫,判断神志状态(10秒) ➢ 迅速呼叫他人协助,拨打急救中心电话 ➢ 将病人置于仰卧位(外伤病人注意保护
Cardiopulmonary cerebral
Resuscitation
心肺脑复苏(CPCR)
CPR 定义
心跳、呼吸停止意味着临床死亡的开 始,近代医学认为,因急性原因所致的 临床死亡在一定条件下是可逆的,为使 心跳、呼吸恢复的抢救措施称为心肺复 苏(Cardiac-pulmonary resuscitation, CPR)
indirect cardiac massage mouth to mouth ventilation
First Standards of CPR
第一个CPR and ECC 指南 ASA(1974)
2010AHA指南 “生存链”的4个重要环节
(Chain of Survial)
①
②
①尽早识别并启动紧急医疗 服务系统(EMS);
❖ Ruptured aneurysm of aorta
2.心脏骤停的类型
完全停止 电机械分离 心室颤动
3.心跳骤停的诊断
➢ 神志突然消失 ➢ 大动脉搏动消失(颈总动脉,股动脉) ➢ 自主呼吸消失 ➢ 呼气末CO2分压(ETCO2)测不到(全麻或气
管插管)
✓瞳孔放大在循环完全停止后才出现, 不应等其出现后再确诊。
❖ Arrhythmias of different origin and character
❖ Electrolytic disorders ❖ Valvular disease ❖ Cardiac tamponade ❖ Pulmonary artery
thromboembolism
❖ shock ❖ Reflective cardiac arrest ❖ embolisms of different origin ❖ drug overdose ❖ Electrocution ❖ poisoning
心脏停搏后: 脑组织对缺氧最敏感
3秒,
头晕
5~10秒, 产生黑蒙、晕厥,意识丧失;
10~15秒, 阿斯综合征;
20~30秒, 呼吸浅、慢、停止;
>45ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้,
瞳孔散大;
1~2分钟, 瞳孔散大固定;
4~6分钟以上,中枢神经系统损害……
時间决定生命
尽早开始复苏是CPCR成功的 关键
➢心跳停止的时间,指循环绝对停止的时 间,即心跳停止到开始心脏按压的时间。
不做CPR的情况
CPR
1. CPR 历史
❖ The history of CPR and cerebrial arrest prophylaxis begins in ancient times.
➢ 5000 -first artificial mouth to mouth ventilation in 3000 BC ➢ 1780 – first attempt of newborn resuscitation by blowing ➢ 1874 – first experimental direct cardiac massage ➢ 1901 – first successful direct cardiac massage in man ➢ 1946 – first experimental indirect cardiac massage and
②尽早进行CPR;
③尽早以除颤器除颤;
④尽早进行高级生命支持。
③
④
临床和流行病学研究证实,4 个环节中早期电除颤是挽救 病人生命最关键的环节。
2.CPCR的阶段划分及主要步骤
初期复苏(Basic Life Support,BLS) 现场急救
后期复苏(Advanced Life Support,ALS) 医院 & ICU急救
心脏骤停
1.心脏骤停的原因
心室颤动是最主要原因
Causes of circulation arrest
Cardiac
Extracardiac
❖ Ischemic heart disease (myocardial infarction, stenocardia)
❖ airway obstruction ❖ acute respiratory failure
Safar: opening airway 1958 Elam: mouth to mouth breath
Modern circulatory resuscitation in the 1960s
Kouwenhoven :external cardiac compression,1960,
Therapeuticall promising reseach on brain resuscitation began in 1970.
defibrillation ➢ 1960 – indirect cardiac massage ➢ 1980 – development of cardiopulmonary resuscitation
due to the works of Peter Safar
History of CPR(1770,?)
复苏后治疗(Post Resuscitation Treatment,PRT)
Circulation Airway
BLS
Breathing defibrillation
Airway Breathing Circulation
drugs & fluids
ALS
EKG fibrillation treatment
History of CPR(1773,1812)
❖
History of CPR
There were no immediately applicable effective emergency resuscitation techniques available before 1950s.
Modern respiratory resuscitation was pioneered in 1950s
三个复苏阶段的主要内容
intensive care
PRT
cerebral resuscitation
开始复苏步骤
发现病人失去知觉后: ➢ 轻摇并呼叫,判断神志状态(10秒) ➢ 迅速呼叫他人协助,拨打急救中心电话 ➢ 将病人置于仰卧位(外伤病人注意保护
Cardiopulmonary cerebral
Resuscitation
心肺脑复苏(CPCR)
CPR 定义
心跳、呼吸停止意味着临床死亡的开 始,近代医学认为,因急性原因所致的 临床死亡在一定条件下是可逆的,为使 心跳、呼吸恢复的抢救措施称为心肺复 苏(Cardiac-pulmonary resuscitation, CPR)
indirect cardiac massage mouth to mouth ventilation
First Standards of CPR
第一个CPR and ECC 指南 ASA(1974)
2010AHA指南 “生存链”的4个重要环节
(Chain of Survial)
①
②
①尽早识别并启动紧急医疗 服务系统(EMS);
❖ Ruptured aneurysm of aorta
2.心脏骤停的类型
完全停止 电机械分离 心室颤动
3.心跳骤停的诊断
➢ 神志突然消失 ➢ 大动脉搏动消失(颈总动脉,股动脉) ➢ 自主呼吸消失 ➢ 呼气末CO2分压(ETCO2)测不到(全麻或气
管插管)
✓瞳孔放大在循环完全停止后才出现, 不应等其出现后再确诊。
❖ Arrhythmias of different origin and character
❖ Electrolytic disorders ❖ Valvular disease ❖ Cardiac tamponade ❖ Pulmonary artery
thromboembolism
❖ shock ❖ Reflective cardiac arrest ❖ embolisms of different origin ❖ drug overdose ❖ Electrocution ❖ poisoning
心脏停搏后: 脑组织对缺氧最敏感
3秒,
头晕
5~10秒, 产生黑蒙、晕厥,意识丧失;
10~15秒, 阿斯综合征;
20~30秒, 呼吸浅、慢、停止;
>45ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้,
瞳孔散大;
1~2分钟, 瞳孔散大固定;
4~6分钟以上,中枢神经系统损害……
時间决定生命
尽早开始复苏是CPCR成功的 关键
➢心跳停止的时间,指循环绝对停止的时 间,即心跳停止到开始心脏按压的时间。