美国文学选读之白鲸PPT课件
赫尔曼 白鲸 ppt课件
麦尔维尔是第一个对超验经验进 行反思的美国作家。而亚哈正是爱默 生所推崇的个人主义的典型代表，亚 哈的葬身海底也反映了麦尔维尔的宗 教、哲学倾向。
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“帝王”般的人物，他有着原型人物性格特 征，狂妄傲慢，不断与上帝为敌。
多次被描写成一台没有灵魂、没有心脏、异 化的机器。
为了一己之仇而不惜毁灭世界的狂魔。
鲸披上了基督教的象征色“白色”，更使鲸的宗教意义变得更加浓 厚。
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走进作品； -----从叙事学的角度来分析
大地
亚哈
权利话语
以实玛力
杀
戮
，
反 抗
救赎
，
亵
渎
鲸鱼莫比·迪克
向 死 而 生
宗 教
三个世界
救 赎
两条线索
结构复杂
大海
古希腊悲剧式的崇高之美
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通过矩形图阵来走进《白鲸》的叙事结构；
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亚哈
以实玛力
“自救”的基础 “自救”的实现 “自救”的结局
自义 个人意识（疯狂）
酒神精神
毁灭沉沦
敬畏 互助互爱 向死而生
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----《白鲸》的主题思想的分析
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1、自我的发现与认识 反抗性的自我与一种压迫性的文化上的超我 进行的你死我活的斗争 2、“真”的探索与追求 以实玛力 3、人道主义道德观的探求 麦尔维尔通过揭露资本主义社会财富的血腥 来源，抨击了资本主义制度的残酷和黑暗， 反映了广大捕鲸工人的悲惨命运。
无论是以实玛力还是当时的美国青年都处于一种“脱 离---找寻自我”的历程之中。
魁魁格则出现在第12章。魁魁格是科科伏柯岛某酋长 之子，对自己所见到的现代文明失望透顶，虽然离开家乡多年， 仍坚持着部落原始文明的习惯，并未被同化。
白鲸MobyDick作品分析教学课件讲议
Pequod.
副就叫Starbuck。
Moby Dick—the great white whale.
whaleship
Starbuck—the first mate（大副）of the Pequod.
Hale Waihona Puke Queequeg（标枪手魁魁格)— Starbuck’s skilled harpooner and Ishmael’s best friend.
白鲸MobyDick作品分析
About The Author
Herman Melville（1819—1891） was an American novelist,short story writer,essayist,and poet.
Although Melville has been regarded throughout most of the twentieth century as one of America’s most powerful literary artists,particularly for his masterpiece Moby-Dick,he was largely unrecognized in his lifetime.
Symbolism
The land The sea The Pequod The voyage Ahab Ahab's Pipe Starbuck The Doubloon Queequeg's Coffin Moby Dick
Land:a symbol f safety
Sea:a symbol of adventure and danger
南开大学 外国语学院 美国文学课件美国文学史-《白鲸》课堂展示版
Herman MelvilleMELVILLE'S LIFEHerman Melville was born in New York City on August 1, 1819, to Allan Melvill (as his father spelled his name) and Maria Gansevoort Melvill. Both sides of the family were quite well off, and could even be called "aristocratic" in a sense; his father came from a line of successful merchants, and his mother from Hudson Valley landholders. His childhood was a secure and comfortable one, but his fortunes changed in 1830, when his father suffered serious business losses. In January, 1832, Allan Melvill died, mentally and physically exhausted. Melville had idolized his father, and his death was a profound shock. For several years thereafter, the family was in a financial twilight, never destitute (一贫如洗) but never secure.During this difficult period, Melville's family moved upstate in New York, to a little town near Troy. His education was spotty (非系统的); he attended the Albany Classical School (Albany 学校) for a time, but during these formative years (少年时代) he had no consistent schooling. His mother, a rather domineering woman, became even more overbearing (very domineering )after herhusband's death, and her influence (combined with the strict Calvinism of the Dutch Reformed Church (荷兰归正新教教会), to which she belonged) seems to have inspired in Melville some of the religious skepticism and rebelliousness （激发起对宗教的怀疑及反叛精神）that runs under the surface of （在… 中隐约可见）Moby Dick and others of his works. Melville developed in his mature years a feeling (产生了一种感觉,即:) that no profound mind could overlook a sense of fateful imperfection in life (任何思想深邃的人都不能忽视生活中的一种命中注定的缺陷感) (one senses this attitude frequently in Moby Dick ), which was probably the result of the very strong Calvinistic idea of original sin.When eighteen years old, he took a job as a schoolmaster at a remote school near Pittsfield, Massachusetts (where his uncle's family lived). Then, in the summer of 1839, he signed up as a "boy" (干杂活的伙计) on a British merchant ship, the St. Lawrence, and went on a round-trip voyage (往返航程) to Liverpool--a voyage which he used as the basis for his fourth book,Redburn(1849). This trip began for the young Melville a period of almost five years of traveling around the world that gave him the material for his first several books,, including Moby Dick (《白鲸记》).Upon returning to the United States after the St. Lawrence voyage, Melville again taught school for a while, but evidently he had developed a love for the sea. For in January, 1841, he signed on the whaler Acushnet（与捕鲸船Acushnet签约） for a trip to the South Seas. Life aboard the whaler repelled （使…厌倦,反感）Melville, however, and in July, 1842, he and another seaman, Richard Greene ("Toby" in the novel Typee)(小说《泰比》中人物Toby的原型) deserted ship （开小差，不辞而别）at the Marquesas Islands ( 马克萨斯群岛). He lived for a month with a cannibal tribe （食人肉部落）which treated him well but would not let him go. Then he escaped on an Australian whaler, the Lucy Ann, which he abandoned （溜走）at Tahiti. (塔希提岛) There he worked for a time as a field laborer （干临时农活的短工） and eventually left on another whaler （搭乘捕鲸船离开）, the Nantucket ship （Nantucket 岛的名为… 的捕鲸船）Charles and Henry, which arrived at the Hawaiian Islands (夏威夷群岛) in April, 1843. The adventures of these months in the Marquesas and Tahiti were the materials out of which Melville later shaped (成为… 的素材) Typee (1846) and Omoo ((欧穆,1847). At Hawaii Melville signed up as a seaman on an American warship, the United States, which returned him to America. He was dismissed in October of 1844, and returned home to begin writing.He published Typee and Omoo , and then, in 1849, a book called Mardi (《玛地》)， a confused and difficult allegorical novel (寓言型小说) which repelled many of the readers who had so enjoyed his first two books. (Mardi is today often considered the first in a trilogy (三部曲) which also includes Moby Dick and Pierre《皮埃尔》.) Later in 1849 came the above-mentionedRedburn, and in 1850 Meiville published White-Jacket 《白外衣》, a book based on his experiences on the Man-of-War United States （名为Man-of-War 的美国军舰）. These firstfive books won him considerable reputation (which he later repudiated （对上述名誉拒不接受）; in a letter to Hawthorne he ironically lamented （以讥讽的语气哀叹道）that he seemed doomed to be accepted only as "a man-who had lived among the cannibals"). He became a member of the influential New York literary group （颇有影响的纽约文学社）led by the Duyckinckbrothers, and for a time was lionized （被尊为盟主）. In 1849 he traveled to England to arrange for foreign publication of his works, and in 1850 he moved to a farmhouse near Pittsfield, Massachusetts, where he lived for the next thirteen years with his wife (Elizabeth Shaw, whom he married in 1847) and children.During his first year at his home, which he named "Arrowhead, "（他为这座房子命名为“箭头”）Melville met Nathaniel Hawthorne, and the two men, sensing that they had much in common, struck up a friendship. It was a singularly fortunate association （与…结交是件难得的幸事）for Melville, even though it was a truly personal one only for about two years. He read Hawthorne's works avidly (如饥似渴地), and was given encouragement by Hawthorne's interest (霍桑对该书的兴趣给了他很大鼓励) precisely during the period in which he was writing his masterpiece, Moby Dick. As a result of his high esteem (高度敬仰) for Hawthorne, Melville dedicated (题献) Moby Dick to him when it appeared in late 1851.The critical reaction to Moby Dick was mixed, but tended to be negative, especially as time passed. That Melville himself seems to have felt that the book had failed is clear from his next novel, Pierre (1852) 作者本人似乎也觉得Moby Dick是个败笔, 这点可以清楚地从他的下一本书中看到, an iconoclastic book (谴责性的著作) which angrily attacks, among other things , publishing practices (愤怒抨击了出版界的种种恶习). Pierre, like Moby Dick, embodies a quest for truth (体现了对真理的追求), but it was condemned as obscure (被指责为晦涩难懂), and its use of incest and suicide (其中的乱伦与自杀的描写) caused it to be attacked as immoral as well. Melville's reputation was by this time definitely on the decline. In the next several years, he produced Israel Potter (《依斯瑞尔﹒波特》，1855), The Piazza Tales(《广场故事》，1855), and The Confidence-Man(《骗子》，1857), an extremely interesting but difficult moral allegory （劝戒性质的寓言小说）which takes place on a Mississippi River steamboat. He fell more and more in debt （债台愈筑愈高）during these years, and in 1856, suffering from what would be called a nervous breakdown （精神崩溃）today, went on a tour of the Holy Land （圣地巴勒斯坦）which restored him from his state of mental exhaustion.In 1863 he sold his home and moved to New York City, and in 1866, after years of seeking a government job, he finally secured a minor position in the New York customs house. The same year he published Battle Pieces《战争诗篇》and Aspects of the War《战争所见》 (the best poetry on the American Civil War except for Whitman's Drum Taps惠特曼的《哀鼓》). Ten years later, in 1876, he published Clarel ，《克拉瑞尔》 a long, reflective narrative poem （反思性叙事长诗）about the problems of religious faith （宗教信仰问题）. Two more books of poems were published in his lifetime: John Marr and Other Sailors (《约翰﹒玛尔和其他水手》，1888) and Timoleon(《梯摩里昂》，1891). These last three volumes of poetry were privately financed （自费印刷发行）and printed in small editions. Melville finished the manuscript of Billy Budd（《毕利﹒伯德》）in 1891, but this work was not published until 1924. He died on September 28, 1891, so completely obscure （默默无闻）that many were surprised to discover that he had not beendead for years.BRIEF SUMMARY OF MOBY DICKMoby Dick is told by a man who identifies himself only as Ishmael. Impelled by an urge to see more of the world and understand more of its mysteries, Ishmael decides to go to sea. He leaves New York and travels to New Bedford, Massachusetts, where he spends a night with a South Seas cannibal （食人生番）named Queequeg as a roommate. At first frightened by Queequeg, Ishmael soon finds him likeable enough.While at New Bedford, Ishmael goes to a famous whaleman's chapel （捕鲸水手常去的教堂）whose pastor （牧师）, Father Mapple, is widely known in the whaling fleet （捕鲸船队）. Father Mapple preaches a sermon （做布道）which focuses on the story of Jonah and the whale（约拿与鲸鱼）, in which he emphasizes that man must reject his own pride （远离自傲）and be true to God, letting no other force guide him. Ishmael and Queequeg become fast friends at New Bedford, and decide to go to Nantucket Island and sign on the same whaleship together. They take a packet boat （搭乘一条班船）, and on the trip to Nantucket, Queequeg saves an obnoxious lout （智商低下的人）from drowning in the icy waters. (This is the first of a number of scenes in which men are saved from drowning. )At Nantucket, Queequeg tells Ishmael that his god has decided that Ishmael must choose the ship on which they will sail, and Ishmael chooses the Pequod because it is so picturesque （外表漂亮）. Both men sign on, and are told that the ship's captain is Ahab, an unusual man but onewho "has his humanities. " （有自己独特的人情味） He is confined at his home because of some mysterious sickness, so Ishmael cannot see him. As Ishmael and Queequeg leave the ship they are accosted by （有人向他们打招呼）a queer old man who drops dark hints about Ahab （暗示了Ahab种种神秘）.The ship sails on a cold, gray Christmas day. As the two men approach the Pequod, they see a group of shadowy figures board the ship before them （看到一伙模模糊糊的人影在前面上了船）. The ship plunges out into the Atlantic and for many days nothing is seen of Ahab. Ishmael presents the three mates （三位高级船员，大副，二副和三副）, Starbuck, Stubb, and Flask, then the harpooners （标枪手）, and then describes the crew in general. The ship sails down the Atlantic into a warmer climate, and Ahab finally makes an appearance. As time passes, Ahab appears more frequently, usually standing in one of two holes （通常站在后甲板的两处有洞的地方之一）drilled on the quarter-deck for his peg leg of whalebone （那两个洞是为了方便他固定他那条用鲸骨做的假肢钻的）. A scene between Ahab and the second mate （二副）, Stubb, shows that something is disturbing Ahab profoundly.Ishmael tells the reader something of whales, categorizing them according to size and type, and showing why he considers the sperm whale the noblest of all （抹香鲸最高贵）. He also begins to give us what proves ultimately to be an immense amount of information about whales, whaling （捕鲸行动）, whaleships, and whalemen. Then comes the first "big scene"（大场面）of the book-- Ahab calls all the crew onto the quarter-deck, and tells them that he has sworn to hunt to the death the great whale （发誓至死也要捕杀巨鲸）, Moby Dick, that ripped his leg off （咬掉他一条腿）on his last voyage. He inflames the crew （激起船员的斗志）so that except for Starbuck, the first mate （大副）, they are all eager to pursue Moby Dick; and he nails a gold doubloon （金币）to the mainmast （主桅杆）, promising it as a reward for the first man to sight Moby Dick on the voyage.Ishmael sets himself to find out as much as he can about this whale, and discovers that, besides being unusually large and deformed in certain ways （躯体非同一般）, Moby Dick has a savage temper which has led him to destroy many a whaleboat and kill a number of seamen. He is so ferocious （凶猛）that he seems, unlike ordinary whales, to know what he is doing,and to destroy boats and men with conscious malice （有意识地进行毁灭）. Most frightening of his characteristics, however, is his whiteness, which is mysterious.As the Pequod moves down the South Atlantic, around the Cape of Good Hope （好望角）, and across the Indian Ocean, Ahab spends night after night with his charts and maps （航海图和地图）, tracing on them courses （在图上标出可能遇上Moby Dick 的航线）on which he might stand the best chance of meeting Moby Dick. Ishmael continues to fill us in on details of whales and whaling. Several times whales are sighted and chased; at the first lowering （首次降下捕鲸艇时）it is discovered that Ahab has a special boat crew （手里有一伙特殊的船员）, led by a Satanic Oriental （恶魔般的东方人）named Fedallah--this stowaway boat crew （这伙偷乘的船员）explains the mysterious figures （就是那群神秘的身影）Ishmael saw when boarding the ship. The Pequod also meets or has significant contact with nine other vessels in the course of the voyage (the Goney, Town-Ho, Jeroboam, Jungfrau, Bouton-de-rose, Samuel Enderby, Bachelor, Rachel, and Delight ). Each one of these ships, by contrast or parallel to the Pequod （与Pequod号类同或不同）, gives us new information or a slightly different attitude toward Ahab's ship and his quest. And along with all this, we get Ishmael's constant reflections （反思）as the philosophical narrator continually examines his experiences and tries to fathom （试图探求） what they mean and where they are leading （其经历对未来的影响）.As the Pequod sails across the Pacific, Ahab becomes ever more intense in his desire to destroy Moby Dick. He asks each one of the ships he encounters, "Hast seen the White Whale?”, but it is only when he sails the ship down to the equator that he finally meets a ship which has seen Moby Dick. In the meantime, Pip, a little Negro youth, has been temporarily abandoned in the sea, and has lost his mind before being saved by the ship. Touched by Pip's plight (状况), Ahab has taken special care of him, keeping him in his cabin. Pip begs Ahab several times to abandon his quest for the White While, but Ahab, though deeply moved, continues the search.The suspense of the hunt builds (捕鲸的悬念由于…而更为强烈) throughout several weeks. The ship meets the Samuel Enderby, whose captain has recently lost his arm to Moby Dick. Ahab cracks his ivory leg (碰裂了鲸骨假腿) leaving the Enderby, and must have a new one made by theship's carpenter. The Pequod runs into a typhoon (热带风暴), during which the mastheads glow with a mysterious electrical fire (桅杆顶端发出了神秘的电光). In a weird ritual (神秘的仪式), Ahab claims to be a son of the fire and lightning (宣称自己是这火与电之子), and challenges nature to do its worst to him (向大自然宣战,不怕其把最糟糕的事情降临在自己头上). Finally the ship meets two whalers, the Rachel and the Delight, which have just had battles with Moby Dick. Despite dire warnings (不顾会遇到不测的警告), Ahab presses the chase furiously, and the tension mounts (气氛紧张起来). One last quiet day dawns; Starbuck tries his utmost to convince Ahab that the quest is folly, but Ahab feels that his acts have been foreordained since eternity (他的追捕行为命中注定), and cannot turn back. On the following day Ahab himself sights Moby Dick, thus (ironically) gaining his own promised reward.The first day the boats approach Moby Dick, but he dives (潜入水下) and, coming up under Ahab's boat, bites it in half (把小船咬成两半). The Pequod sails up (捕鲸船驶上前来) , drives the whale off, and picks up all its boats (把放下的小船都收回来) ; then the ship follows the whale. On the second day, all three whaleboats get harpoons into Moby Dick (把标枪都投到了大鲸身上), but he fights furiously; two boats are smashed (被咬碎) and Ahab's is overturned (Ahab的小船被掀翻). All are saved except Fedallah (who has predicted that Ahab's death would be preceded by certain signs 预言Ahab 死前会有一些征兆, among which was to be Fedallah's own death).On the third day Ahab harpoons the whale (投掷标枪刺中大鲸), but is left to fight him alone when the other two boats, damaged, are forced to return to the Pequod. Moby Dick breaks loose from (挣脱开小船) Ahab's boat, turns, and dashes his immense forehead into the Pequod's bow(船头). The crushed boat (撞坏的船) sinks. As it settles, Ahab darts one last hapoon into Moby Dick, but the line catches him around the neck (标枪绳缠住脖子) and he is dragged down into the sea. The vortex (巨大旋涡) created by the sinking ship pulls down everything (把所有一切都拖到海底) except one lone survivor---Ishmael. He is rescued by the Rachel, which is still cruising the area (搜寻在附近海面) looking for survivors from its previous encounter with Moby Dick. And the sea rolls on (波涛滚滚) as it did thousands of years ago.MOBY DICKSELECTION IIn the two excerpts given here, the great chase is ending and we are close to the conclusion of the book. The Pequod has finally sighted Moby-Dick. The boats have been lowered in pursuit of the whale, which has already smashed two of them.Chapter 135 THE CHASE –THIRD DAY （追击 –第三天）Whether fagged (疲倦) by the three days' running chase, and the resistance to his swimming (阻碍了它的游速) in the knotted hamper he bore (身上所缚的纠缠在一起的绳索); or whether it was some latent deceitfulness and malice in him (怀有奸诈和恶意): whichever was true, the White Whale's way now began to abate (放缓) , as it seemed, from the boat so rapidly nearing him once more; though indeed the whale's last start had not been so long a one as before (那鲸的冲劲不象以前一样持久). And still as Ahab glided over the waves (冲过波涛划过船去) the unpitying sharks accompanied him; and so pertinaciously stuck to the boat (顽固地盯住小船); and so continually bit at the plying oars (不住地咬着划桨), that the blades became jagged and crunched (桨叶变得参差不齐) , and left small splinters in the sea, at almost every dip (每划动下,就会在海面上留下一些碎片)."Heed them not (别管它们)! those teeth but give new rowlocks to your oars (那些牙齿会给你的划桨作出新桨架来). Pull on (接着划) ! 'tis the better rest, the sharks' jaw than the yielding water (鲨鱼的嘴巴比这种软绵绵的海水厉害).""But at every bite, sir, the thin blades grow smaller and smaller!""They will last long enough! pull on!--But who can tell" --he muttered (喃喃自语道)--"whether these sharks swim to feast on the whale or on Ahab?--But pull on! Aye, all alive, now—we near him. The helm (掌舵的) ! take the helm (掌住舵)! let me pass,"--and so saying, two of the oarsmen helped him forward to the bows of the still flying boat (扶着他到这如飞的船头去).At length as the craft was cast to one side (小船冲到一边), and ran ranging along with the White Whale's flank (与白鲸齐头并进), he seemed strangely oblivious of its advance (未注意到有船冲上来) --as the whale sometimes will-- and Ahab was fairly within the smoky mountain mist (进入蒙蒙的雾气中), which, thrown off from the whale's spout (这是白鲸喷水口中喷出的迷雾), curled round 'his great Monadnock hump (盘旋在Monadnock山峰般的鼓鼓的脊梁上); he was even thus close to him; when, with body arched back 身体向后一仰), and both arms lengthwise high-lifted to the poise (双臂直直地高举), he darted his fierce iron (投出了凶猛的标枪), and his far fiercer curse (更加凶狠的咒骂)into the hated whale. As both steel and curse sank to the socket (陷进鲸的眼窝), as if sucked into a morass (被吸入泥潭), Moby Dick sidewise writhed (向斜处一扭身); spasmodically rolled his nigh flank against the bow (紧靠船头的胁腹猛地一滚) , and, without staving a hole in it (并未给小船撞出孔洞), so suddenly canted the boat over (使小船翻了个身), that had it not been for the elevated part of the gun wale to which he then clung (如果没有紧紧抓住翘起的船舷), Ahab would once more have been tossed into the sea. As it was, three of the oarsmen-- who foreknew not the precise instant of the dart (不知在何时应投出标枪), and were therefore unprepared for its effects--these were flung out (被翻了出去); but so fell, that, in an instant two of them clutched the gun- wale again (又抓住船舷), and rising to its level on a combing wave (随着一个浪峰浮出水面), hurled themselves bodily inboard again (身体一晃又翻进了船舱); the third man helplessly dropping astern (落水到了船尾), but still afloat and swimming.Almost simultaneously, with a mighty, volition of ungraduated, instantaneous swiftness (以毅然决然的意志和迅猛速度), the White Whale darted through the weltering sea (在波涛汹涌的大海里冲撞起来). But when Ahab cried out to the steersman (舵手) to take new turns with the line, and hold it so (抓住新的机会撒出绳索,把绳索抓紧); and commanded the crew to turn round on their seats (就地转身), and tow the boat up to the mark (把小船向目的物拽去); the moment the treacherous line felt that double strain and tug (捣蛋的绳索因为受到加倍的紧拉和拖拽), it snapped in the empty air (在半空中迸断了)!"What breaks in me (我身体中什么断啦)? Some sinew cracks (什么筋断裂了)!--'tis whole again (一切完整呀); oars! oars! Burst in upon him (向它划过去)!"Hearing the tremendous rush of the sea-crashing boat (劈波斩浪的小船), the whale wheeled round to present his blank forehead at bay (大鲸转身,抬起大额头来招架); but in that evolution (在转身中), catching sight of the nearing black hull of the ship (捕鲸船的黑壳船身); seemingly seeing in it the source of all his persecutions (似乎看清了捕鲸船是迫害它的罪魁);bethinking it--it ,nay be--a larger and nobler foe (更大和更有力量的仇敌); of a sudden, he bore down upon its advancing prow (猛扑向冲上来的捕鲸船船头), smiting his jaws amid fiery showers of foam (在泡沫阵中乱咬起来).Ahab staggered (忧郁起来); his hand smote his forehead (手敲着额头). "I grow blind (我看不见啦) ; hands (伸过手来)! stretch out before me that I may yet grope my way (摸索着行动). Is't night (现在是夜里吗)?""The whale! The ship!" cried the cringing (畏畏缩缩的) oarsmen."Oars! oars! Slope downwards to thy depths (到海底逃命吧) , O sea that ere it be for ever too late, Ahab may slide this last, last time upon his mark (最后一次溜到目标那儿去)! I see: the ship! the ship! Dash on, my men! will ye not save my ship?"But as the oarsmen violently forced their boat through the sledge-hammering seas (拼命使小船冲过大铁锤似的波涛时), the before whale-smitten bow- ends of two planks burst through (刚被大鲸咬过的船头板豁开了), and in an instant almost, the temporarily disabled boat lay nearly level with the waves (); its half-wading, splashing crew (半身浸在水里), trying hard to stop the gap and bale out the pouring water (堵住裂口,把滔滔涌进的海水舀出去)SELECTION IIIn this second excerpt the characters not named before are from the Pequod: Stubb, the second mate and Tashtego, the Indian harpooner (标枪手) with his symbolic hammer. Ahab kills the white whale but all the human beings involved, except the narrator, die in the process. At the end only nature, symbolized by the sea, remains, moving but unmoved.Chapter 135 , concludedMeantime, for that one beholding instant （可以一下子看到）, Tashtego's mast-head hammer （要在桅杆顶钉旗子的锤子）remained suspended （suspend: hold，as if hanging）in his hand; and the red flag, half-wrapping him as with a plaid (一半裹着他的身体,就像穿着一件格子呢的衣服), then streamed itself straight out from him (从他身上飘了出去), as his own forward-flowing heart ( 就像他那颗向前飘去的心); while Starbuck and Stubb, standing upon the bowsprit beneath (在第一斜桅杆下面), caught sight of the down-coming monster (从下面冲上来的庞然大物)just as soon as he."The whale, the whale! Up helm (转舵向风), up helm! Oh, all ye sweet powers of air (你们这些可爱的空气之主啊), now hug me close (把我紧紧抱住)! Let not Starbuck die, if die he must (如果他非死不可), in a woman's fainting fit (像个女人那样昏死过去吧). Up helm, I say--ye fools, the jaw (看那张大嘴)! the jaw ! Is this the end of all my bursting prayers? all my life-long fidelities?(难道我喊破喉咙的祷告,终生的虔诚,就是这结果?) Ah, Ahab, Ahab, 1o, thy work (这就是你干出来的). Steady! helmsman, (要从容,舵手!) steady. Nay, nay! Up helm again! He turns to meet us! Oh, his unappeasable brow drives on towards one (它那压抑不住愤怒的额头朝向一个目标), whose duty tells him he cannot depart (它不能离开那目标). My God, stand by me now( 上帝,与我同在呀)!""Stand not by me, but stand under me (听我指挥), whoever you are that will now help Stubb (无论是谁都要帮助斯塔布); for Stubb, too, sticks here (斯塔布也在这里坚持着). I grin at thee (嘲笑你), thou grinning whale! Who ever helped Stubb, or kept Stubb awake, but Stubb's own unwinking eye ( 眨都不眨的眼睛)? And now poor Stubb goes to bed upon a mattress that is all too soft (要躺到那张再软也没有的大床上去了); would it were stuffed with brushwood (那里会不会塞着些木柴呢)! I grin at thee, thou grinning whale! Look ye, sun, moon, and stars (我看着你们,太阳…)! I call ye assassins of as good a fellow as ever spouted up his ghost (我称呼你们,与称呼那个始终在喷出它的鬼影的家伙一样,都叫凶犯). For all that (尽管如此), I would yet ring glasses with thee (与你们碰杯), would ye but hand the cup (你们就举起杯吧)! Oh, oh, oh, oh! thou grinning whale, but there'll be plenty of gulping soon (一会儿,你就会狼吞虎咽啦)! Why fly ye not (为何不逃), O Ahab! For me, off shoes and jacket to it (如果是我的话,就会脱掉鞋子,脱光衣服逃掉); let Stubb die in his drawers (死在他的橱柜里吧)! A most mouldy and over salted death (死在海里,又深又咸) , though;--cherries(红樱桃酒)! Cherries! Cherries! Oh, Flask, for one red cherry ere we die (我们死之前,喝杯红樱桃酒吧)!""Cherries? I only wish that we were where they grow (我只希望我们现在是在长着樱桃的地方). Oh, Stubb, I hope my poor mother's drawn my part-pay ere this; if not, few coppers will now come to her, for the voyage is up." (我希望我可怜的母亲会在我死前领走我的股金,不然的话,就拿不到几个钱, 因为航程已经结束了)From the ship's bows (船头), nearly all the seamen now hung inactive (呆呆地挂在船头); hammers, bits of plank, lances, and harpoons, mechanically retained in their hands (锤子,木板片捕鲸枪,标枪都木然地攥在手里) just as they had darted fcom their various employments (就像他们从各自的活计中猛然停了下来) ; all their enchanted eyes intent upon the whale (着了魔似的眼睛都盯住大鲸), which from side to side strangely vibrating his predestinating head (奇怪地晃动着那能够左右命运的大头), sent a broad band of over spreading semicircular foam before him (在身前喷出一大串半圆型的雾沫) as he rushed. Retribution, swift vengeance, eternal malice were in his whole aspect (它的整体外观就是报复,急于复仇和无限的恶毒) and spite of all that mortal man could do (无论人类的全部能力), the solid white buttress of his forehead smote the ship’s starboard bow (坚硬得拱架般的白色额头拼命冲撞船的右舷), till men and timbers reeled (船上的人与船板都晃了起来). Some fell flat upon their faces. Like dislodged trucks, the heads of the harpooners aloft shook on their bull-like necks (像脱了节的车头一样,标枪手们的头在公牛般的脖子上晃来晃去). Through the breach, they heard the waters pour (听到裂口出涌进的海水声), as mountain torrents down a flume (像山洪奔进水槽).“The ship! The hearse! – the second hearse (第二只棺架)!” cried Ahab from the boat; “ its wood could only be American (那木材只能是美国产的)!”Diving beneath the settling ship (潜到停住的大船的底下), the whale ran quivering along its keel (船龙骨); but turning under water, swiftly shot to the surface again, far off the other bow (在船的另一头出现) , but within a few yards of Ahab’s boat, where, for a time, he lay quiescent(静静地浮在水面上).“I turn my body from the sun. What ho, Tashtego! Let me hear thy hammer. Oh! Ye three unsurrendered spires of mine (你们三人是我不退缩的先锋); thou uncracked keel (不碎的龙骨); and only god-bullied hull (唯一的神慌鬼怕的船壳); thou firm deck (坚韧的甲板), and haughty helm (骄傲的船舵), and Pole-pointed prow (指向北极的船头), -- death-glorious ship (由于殉职而荣光的)! Must ye then perish, and without me (撇掉了我而毁灭)? Am I cut off from the last fond pride of meanest ship-wrecked captains (连最起码的破船船长的荣誉也得不到吗)? Oh, lonely death on lonely life! Oh, Now I feel my topmost greatness lies in my topmost grief (至高无上的伟大寓于无边的悲伤中). Ho,ho! From all your furthest bounds (所有的波涛), pour ye now in, ye bold billows of my whole foregone life (我整整一生经历过的浪涛), and top this one piled comber of my death (在我垂死的浪涛上在加上一层吧)! Towards thee I roll (我要滚向你那边), thou all-destroying but unconquering whale; to the last I grapple with thee (我要与你扭斗到底); from hell’s heart O stab at thee; for hate’s sake I spit my last breath at thee. Sink all coffins and all hearses to one common pool(让所有的棺材和棺架都沉到一口水塘里吧)! And since neither can be mine (什么都不是我的), let me then tow to pieces, (让我把一切都拖得粉碎) while still chasing thee though tied to thee (虽然与你捆在了一起), thou damned whale! Thus, I give up the spear (不用捕鲸枪了)!”The harpoon was darted; the stricken whale flew forward; with igniting velocity the line ran through the groove (标枪像着了火一般,飞速穿过细槽); -- ran foul (缠到了一起). Ahab stooped to clear it (弯腰去解绳索); he did clear it; but the flying turn caught him round the neck (如飞的绳圈套住他的脖子), and voicelessly as Turkish mutes bowstring their victim (像一声不响地把他们的罪犯吊死的), he was shot out of the boat (像弹丸般从小船上弹了出去) ere the crew knew he was gone (在场的水手们都不知道他被绞死了). Next instant, the heavy eye-splice in the rope’s final end flew out of the stark-empty tub (沉重的绳索尾部的索眼从空了的索桶里猛地窜出) , knocked down an oarsman, and smiting the sea, disappeared in its depths (撞进了海里,沉到了海底).For an instant, the tranced (惊呆的) boat's crew stood still; then turned. "The ship? Great God, where is the ship?" Soon they through dim, bewildering mediums saw her sidelong fading phantom (透过昏暗的令人迷茫的雾气,看到倾斜的大船影子渐渐消失) , as in the gaseous Fata Morgana (就像虚幻的海市蜃楼中的情景), only the uppermost masts out of water (仅有几根桅杆顶部露出水面); while fixed by infatuation, or fidelity, or fate, to their once lofty perches (或是出于恋恋不舍之情,或是出于忠诚,抑或命运决定的), the pagan harpooners still maintained their sinking look-outs on the sea(坚持在下沉的了望岗位上). And now, concentric circles (一个旋涡) seized the lone boat itself, and all its crew, and each floating oar, and every lance-pole (所有的捕鲸枪棒), and spinning, animate and inanimate (有生命的和无生命的), all round and round in one vortex (旋涡), carried the smallest chip of the Pequod out of sight.But as the last whelmings intermixingly (最后几股打旋的洋流) poured themselves over (混在一起倒在了) the sunken head of the Indian at the mainmast (主桅顶上印地安人沉下去的头颅), leaving a few inches of。
赫尔曼白鲸课件
赫尔曼白鲸
14
双螺旋结构形成的原因
1、外部影响和作家自我写作的需求 莎
士比亚的模式
霍桑的影响
2、作家个人思想进程的体现
这为作者的创作提供了丰富的原始材料。同时也是作者体会到了捕鲸者的悲 惨处境，看到各种人情世态，找不到解决的办法，只能悲天悯人，将一切归于天 命。这也大大加深了作品的哲学、宗教内涵。
赫尔曼白鲸
4
二、美国社会的捕鲸史 文学是一种社会性实践
-韦勒克、沃伦 《文学理论》
19世纪前期的海上捕鲸业促使美国东北沿海地区迅速繁荣起来，资本 家用鲸油来计算财富，富人用大鲸作为儿女的嫁妆；巨大的经济利益驱使 着形形色色的冒险家、野心家和流浪汉从四面八方汇集到捕鲸船上，追求 一种刺激、浪漫而有利可图的生活。
鲸披上了基督教的象征色“白色”，更使鲸的宗教意义变得更加浓 厚。
赫尔曼白鲸
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走进作品； -----从叙事学的角度来分析
大地
亚哈
权利话语
以实玛力
杀
戮
，
反 抗
救赎
，
亵
渎
鲸鱼莫比·迪克
向 死 而 生
宗 教
三个世界
救 赎
两条线索
结构复杂
大海
古希腊悲剧式的崇高之美
赫尔曼白鲸
7
通过矩形图阵来走进《白鲸》的叙事结构；
无论是以实玛力还是当时的美国青年都处于一种“脱离--找寻自我”的历程之中。
魁魁格则出现在第12章。魁魁格是科科伏柯岛某酋长之 子，对自己所见到的现代文明失望透顶，虽然离开家乡多年， 仍坚持着部落原始文明的习惯，并未被同化。
moby dick白鲸【ppt】
Ahab Symbol of solipsism, revenge and thDick
1. Search for truth The story deals with the human pursuit of truth and the meaning of existence.
Queequeg’s coffin Life and death
The name 'Ishmael' stems from that of the first son of Abraham in the Old Testament.
Abraham
Hagar Sarah
Ishmael Isaac
The name has come to symbolize orphans, exiles, and social outcasts.
Captain Ahab: the Captain of the Pequod. He is reaching his sixties. He believes he is fated to kill Moby Dick and lives for this purpose alone for this whale took Ahab's leg, causing him to use a leg made of the jaw of a whale to walk and stand.
"Captain Ahab, I have heard of Moby Dick- but it was not Moby Dick that took off thy leg?" "Who told thee that?" cried Ahab; then pausing, "Aye, Starbuck; aye, … it was Moby Dick that dismasted me; Moby Dick that brought me to this dead stump I stand on now. Aye, aye," he shouted with a terrific, loud, animal sob, like that of a heartstricken moose; …
《白鲸》PPT课件2
zhāo wán hán jiānyìng yuán 召唤顽皮寒冷 坚 硬 援助 yōu yǎ qì qū jīng 优 雅 奇迹 冰区 白 鲸 jǐ liè záo zhèng fǔ 脊背 猎 人 凿开 政 府
白鲸有什么样的生活习性？ 白鲸为什么会喜爱音乐呢？
为什么说白鲸得救是个奇迹？
从哪些词句可以看出人们对白 鲸的关爱？找出来读一读。
白鲸给你留下了什么样的印象？ 白鲸有怎样的性格？
拓展实践
请你也用拟人化的手法，介绍一种你熟 悉的动物的一个特点。
我们不能选择命运，但是我们能改变命运。 崇高的理想就象生长在高山上的鲜花。如果要搞下它，勤奋才能是攀登的绳索。 每天多做一点，并坚持下去。 得到的分是我努力的，扣掉的分是你遗传的！ 不要回避苦恼和困难，挺起身来向它挑战，进而克服它。——池田大作 假如可以选择时光，我想回到过去。那里有我的怀念，和爱我的你。 世界上20%的人是吃小亏而占大便宜，而80%的人是占小一便宜吃大亏，大多数成功人士都源于那20%。 不义而富且贵，于我如浮云。——《论语·述而》 用最多的梦想面对未来。 冰冻三尺，非一日之寒，成大事者不拘小节。 没有了爱的语言，所有的文字都是乏味的。 你一定不要做丑恶的人，但是世态炎凉，你也别太善良！马善被人骑，人善被人欺，过于善良就是一种懦弱和无能！
西师大版 四年级语文 下册 第三单元
学习目标
1.了解白鲸喜爱音乐的生活习性，激发同学 们探索生物奥秘的兴趣，产生喜爱动物的 思想感情。
2.正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文，理解课 文内容，体会人类对动物的关爱之情。
白 鲸
白 鲸
Байду номын сангаас 白 鲸 表 演
朗读课文，说一说小白鲸和蓝 色多瑙河之间发生了怎样的故事？
《白鲸》教学演示课件
梅尔维尔的比喻独特而富有创意，如将大海比喻为“液态 的群山”，将白鲸比喻为“白色的幽灵”，使读者对作品 留下深刻印象。
反映时代背景和民族精神
01
19世纪美国捕鲸业
作品真实反映了19世纪美国捕鲸业的繁荣与残酷，展现了捕鲸人勇敢、
坚韧和敢于冒险的精神。
02
拓荒者精神
梅尔维尔通过作品中的人物形象，体现了美国拓荒者精神，即追求自由、
文学技巧
分析梅尔维尔在小说中运用的 象征、隐喻、讽刺等文学手法
。
学生自我评价报告
阅读理解
评估自己对小说情节和人物关系的理解程度。
文学分析
评价自己在分析文学技巧方面的能力和收获。
主题思考
反思自己在探讨小说主题过程中的思考和见 解。
学习态度与习惯
总结自己在学习过程中的态度和方法，以及 需要改进的地方。
对态度。
魁魁格
介绍魁魁格的异族身份、善良 品质及与主人公的友谊，分析
他在故事中的作用。
其他人物
简要介绍其他人物形象，如捕 鲸手、船员等，分析他们在故
事中的辅助作用。
象征手法运用
白鲸的象征意义
其他象征元素
探讨白鲸莫比·迪克在故事中的象征意 义，如自然力量、命运、邪恶等。
介绍故事中其他具有象征意义的元素， 如捕鲸船、鲸鱼油、海洋生物等，分析 它们在故事中的象征意义及作用。
自然与人类的关系
作品揭示了人类与自然界 的紧密关系，以及人类在 自然面前的渺小和无力。
悲剧意识
通过亚哈船长的失败和白 鲸的毁灭，表达了作者对 悲剧命运的深刻思考。
对人类命运和自然界思考
人类对自然界的认知
作品提醒我们重新审视人类与自然界的关系，认识到自然界的伟 大和神秘。
《白鲸》 PPT教学课件2
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19、大家常说一句话，认真你就输了，可是不认真的话，这辈子你就废了，自己的人生都不认真面对的话，那谁要认真对待你。
•
20、没有收拾残局的能力，就别放纵善变的情绪。
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15、所有的辉煌和伟大，一定伴随着挫折和跌倒；所有的风光背后，一定都是一串串揉和着泪水和汗水的脚印。
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16、成功的反义词不是失败，而是从未行动。有一天你总会明白，遗憾比失败更让你难以面对。
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6、无论你正遭遇着什么，你都要从落魄中站起来重振旗鼓，要继续保持热忱，要继续保持微笑，就像从未受伤过一样。
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7、生命的美丽，永远展现在她的进取之中;就像大树的美丽，是展现在它负势向上高耸入云的蓬勃生机中;像雄鹰的美丽，是展现在它搏风击雨如苍天之魂的翱翔中;像江河的美丽，是展现在它波涛汹涌一泻千里的奔流中。
西师大版 四年级语文 下册 第三单元
白鲸
学习目标
.了解白鲸喜爱音乐的生活习性，激发同学们 探索生物奥秘的兴趣，产生喜爱动物的思 想感情。
.正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文，理解课文 内容，体会人类对动物的关爱之情。
白 鲸
模板下载： 节日模板： 背景图片： 优秀下载： 教程： 资料下载： 范文下载： 教案下载：
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20、生活不会按你想要的方式进行，它会给你一段时间，让你孤独、迷茫又沉默忧郁。但如果靠这段时间跟自己独处，多看一本书，去做可以做的事，放下过去的人，等你度过低潮，那些独处的时光必定能照亮你的路，也是这些不堪陪你成熟。所以，现在没那么糟，看似生活对你的亏欠，其实都是祝愿。
•
5、心情就像衣服，脏了就拿去洗洗，晒晒，阳光自然就会蔓延开来。阳光那么好，何必自寻烦恼，过好每一个当下，一万个美丽的未来抵不过一个温暖的现在。
白鲸演示文稿
背景：美国从１８世纪末就有了捕鲸业，这以后捕鲸成为资本主义生产的一个
重要领域，捕鲸是美国日益发达的资本主义社会的重要财源。资本家的财产也往 往以库存多少桶鲸油来计算。当时，鲸油是日常照明必不可少的灯油，也是用途 广泛的工业原料。１８１５年后，捕鲸的主要对象是抹香鲸，因为除了鲸油外， 捕鲸人还可以从抹香鲸身上获取制造香料用的昂贵的龙涎香。美国当年拥有三倍 于欧洲的捕鲸船，数目达７００艘，从事捕鲸的人达两万之多，每年为国家增加 ７００百万美元的收入。所以，美国东海岸城市的繁荣在某种意义上说是靠捕鲸 叉从几大洋里打捞来的。 八十二章中介绍了 捕鲸业的体面与光荣
《白鲸》的意义和价值
第一个层次，从一般社会意义来分析和理解，这部 小说通过“佩阔德号”捕鲸船出航捕鲸的故事，揭 露了资本主义社会财富的血腥来源，抨击了资本主 义制度的残酷和黑暗，反映了捕鲸工人危险而又艰 苦的生活，歌颂了工人们机智、勇敢、互相支援等 高贵品德。 第二个层面的意义是它的特殊爽 忠实于以实马利天真无邪的同性恋
人物名字
亚哈伯：圣经中亚伯拉罕和夏甲的婢女所生，在亚伯
拉罕的妻子萨拉坚持下，被甩掉的一个弃儿，为流 浪和无家可归者的象征。
“皮廊德”号；皮廊德，被清教徒所消灭的印第安
的一个的部落
白鲸—-莫比迪克
莫比迪克：抹香鲸，镰刀形，传说最为威猛和危险的鲸
有关作者的介绍
赫尔曼· 梅尔维尔（Herman Melville, 1819年8月1日— 1891年9月28日），美国小 说家、散文家和诗人。由于 家境不好，做过农夫、职员、 教师、水手、海军等职务， 后来成为小说家，他以其海 上经历为事实依据写成其寓 言杰作《白鲸记》（1851 年），这部小说被认为是美 国最伟大的小说之一。梅尔 维尔被誉为美国的“莎士比 亚”。
美国文学选读之白鲸PPT课件
6 .Character List
• Ishmael - The narrator, and a junior member of the crew of the Pequod. Ishmael doesn't play a major role in the events of the novel, but much of the narrative is taken up by his eloquent, verbose, and extravagant discourse on whales and whaling.
• --- The married life of Melville was more like that of Scott Fitzgerald than Mark Twains. Melville married Elizabeth Shaw, the daughter of a wealthy judge. To support her and their growing family, he had to write for money.
• ---During the summer of 1850, Melville and Hawthorne met. They exchanged visits, meeting at least nine times, and wrote to one another often.
• ---Melville saw in Hawthorne the one American who was expressively aware of the evil at the core of American life. He found Hawthorne’s understanding of evil, that blackness of vision, unusually fascinating.
《白鲸》 精品PPT课件(12张)
作者运用了（拟人 ）的修辞手法，写
出了白鲸（声音变化多端 )（爱嬉戏游玩 ）、 （ 爱干净 ）的特点，表达了
（ 作者对白鲸的喜爱之情 ）。
请你也用拟人化的手法，介 绍一种你熟悉的动物的一个特点。
名言摘抄
1、抓紧学习，抓住中心，宁精勿杂，宁专勿多。——周恩来 2、与雄心壮志相伴而来的，应老老实实循环渐进的学习方法。——华罗庚 3、惟有学习，不断地学习，才能使人聪明，惟有努力，不断地努力，才会出现才能。——华罗庚 4、发愤早为好，苟晚休嫌迟。最忌不努力，一生都无知。——华罗庚 5、自学，不怕起点低，就怕不到底。——华罗庚 6、聪明出于勤奋，天才在于积累。——华罗庚 7、应当随时学习，学习一切；应该集中全力，以求知道得更多，知道一切。——高尔基 8、学习永远不晚。——高尔基 9、学习是我们随身的财产，我们自己无论走在什么地方，我们的学习也跟着我们在一起。——莎士比亚 10、人不光是靠他生来就拥有的一切，而是靠他从学习中所得到的一切来造就自己。——歌德 11、单学知识仍然是蠢人。——歌德 12、终身努力便是天才。——门捷列夫 13、知之为知之，不知为不知，学而时习之，不亦说乎？三人行，必有我师焉。——孔子 14、三人行，必有我师也。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。——孔子 15、知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者。——孔子 16、学而不厌，诲人不倦。——孔子 17、己所不欲，勿施于人。——孔子 18、学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。——孔子 19、敏而好学，不耻下问。——孔子 20、兴于《诗》，立于礼，成于乐。——孔子 21、不要企图无所不知，否则你将一无所知。——德谟克利特 22、学习知识要善于思考，思考再思考，我就是用这个方法成为科学家的。——爱因斯坦 23、要想有知识，就必须学习，顽强地耐心地学习。——斯大林 24、向所有人学习，不论是敌人或朋友都要学习，特别是向敌人学习。——斯大林 25、自学，是我们当今造就人才的一条重要途径。——周培源 26、学习的敌人是自己的满足，要认真学习一点东西，必须从不自满开始。——毛泽东 27、情况在不断的变化，使用也是学习，而且是更重要的学习。——毛泽东 28、饭可以一日不吃，觉可以一日不睡，书不可以一日不读。——毛泽东 29、学习必须和蜜蜂一样，采过许多花，这才能酿出蜜来，倘若可在一处，所得就非常有限，枯燥了。——鲁迅 30、伟大的成绩和辛勤劳动是成正比例的，有一分劳动就有一分收获，日积月累，从少到多，奇迹就可以创造出来。——鲁迅
白鲸记PPT
赫尔曼· 梅尔维尔
He is an American novelist, essayist(散文家) and poet. Because of the poor family, he worked as a famer, staff member, teacher, sailor, navy(海军） and some other duties. In 1839, he served on a merchant ship, which bounded for(前往） Liverpool，England, was exposed to(接触到) the sea; this experience had a great impact on his later writing. In 1841, the year when he was 22, he worked as a sailor on a whaler(捕鲸船）, sailing in the area of South Pacific Ocean. His later masterpiece Moby Dick is drawn from(取材于） the life at sea. In August 1843, he became a sailor on a warship(军舰), retired in October 1844 in Boston. Then he began to write and became a novelist. Taking the experiences at sea for the factual basis, the novel Moby Dick had come into being and been considered as one of the greatest novels in America. Melville is known as the American Shakespeare. British writer Somerset Maugham （毛姆） gave his evaluation on Moby Dick in the book the world‘s top ten novelists and their masterpieces, which is far higher than other American writers like Edgar Allan Poe （艾伦·坡）and Mark Twain.
白鲸ppt课件
白鲸在文学与艺术中的形象
文学形象
白鲸在许多文学作品中都有出现，通常被描绘为一种神秘的、强大的生物，有时 也是一种悲剧性的角色。
艺术形象
白鲸在艺术中通常被描绘为一种优雅而神秘的生物，有时也会被用作海洋的象征 。
白鲸的文化意义与价值
文化象征
在一些文化中，白鲸被视为一种神圣的生物，具有特殊的象征意义。例如，在一些北欧文化中，白鲸 被视为海洋的象征，代表着力量和智慧。
栖息地
白鲸的栖息地包括寒冷水 域的海岸线、浅海区、海 底峡谷等。
02
白鲸的生态环境
海洋生态环境
北极和亚北极地区
白鲸主要栖息在北极和亚北极地 区的寒冷海域，包括巴伦支海、 格陵兰岛和加拿大东部的哈德逊 湾。
浅海和深海分布
白鲸在浅海和深海中都有分布， 但主要栖息在浅海区域，因为这 些地方的食物资源更为丰富。
06
白鲸的传说与文化意义
关于白鲸的传说
古老的故事
在许多古老的文化中，都有关于白鲸的传说。这些故事通常把白鲸 描绘成神秘的生物，拥有特殊的能量和智慧。
航海者的恐惧
在古代航海者中，白鲸被视为一种强大的力量，甚至是一种威胁。 有些传说中，白鲸是海洋中的恶魔，会吞噬一切遇到的东西。
神秘的能量
在一些传说中，白鲸被认为是拥有特殊能量的生物，可以控制海洋的 力量，并利用这种力量来影响天气和海洋生态。
白鲸的种群数量及分布
总结词
白鲸是全球最重要的鲸类之一，但目前种群数量正在急剧下降，分布范围也受 到限制。
详细描述
白鲸是濒危物种，目前全球种群数量约为10万头，且分布范围局限于北冰洋、 北大西洋和北太平洋等地区。由于气候变化、人类活动和环境污染等因素的影 响，白鲸的生存和繁衍受到严重威胁。
白鲸ppt课件
目录
• 白鲸简介 • 白鲸的生态环境 • 白鲸的保护状况 • 白鲸与人类的关系 • 白鲸的文学与艺术形象
01
白鲸简介
白鲸的生物特征
01
02
03
04
体型
白鲸是小型至中型的鲸类，成 年个体长度通常在1.5至3.5米
之间。
体重
体重范围在100至200公斤之 间，但也有超过400公斤的特
例。
颜色
白鲸的皮肤呈淡黄色或乳白色 ，有些个体会出现局部的色素
沉着。
头部形态
头部圆润，占整个身体的比例 较大，嘴部呈钩状，牙齿稀少
。
白鲸的地理分布
01
02
03
分布范围
白鲸主要分布在北极和亚 北极地区，包括北大西洋 、北太平洋和北冰洋。
栖息地
白鲸通常栖息在深海区域 ，尤其是海底山脉、海沟 和冰川边缘。
国际保护措施与行动计划
国际捕鲸禁令
1982年国际捕鲸禁令生效，禁 止商业捕鲸活动，旨在保护白
鲸等濒危物种。
海洋保护区设立
设立海洋保护区为白鲸提供安 全的栖息地和繁殖场所，限制 人类活动，保护其生态环境。
科学研究与监测
通过科学研究了解白鲸的生态 习性和繁殖状况，监测种群数 量和健康状况，为保护措施提 供科学依据。
白鲸是许多艺术家创作的主题，通过绘画展现其优雅、神秘的
形象。
雕塑作品
02
白鲸的雕塑作品多表现其壮丽、雄伟的特点，强调其强大的生
命力。
电影与动画
03
白鲸在电影和动画中常作为主角或重要角色出现，通过影像展
现其魅力。
白鲸的文化意义与象征意义
1 2
自然保护意识
白鲸作为珍稀动物，激发人们对自然环境的保护 意识。
白鲸课件
The giant Moby Dick symbolized the mystery of the universe, the power of the great nature, and the evil of the world.
4. Its whiteness is a paradoxical color, too, signifying death and corruption as well as purity, innocence, and youth. It represents the final mystery of the universe.
Richard doesn’t think the chase for Moby Dick is rational when he says that the idea Melville conveys in Moby Dick refers to the “spiritual, emotional, physical death,” which is the price of self-reliance when it is pushed to the point of solipsism (one who only thinks of himself).
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• --- The married life of Melville was more like that of Scott Fitzgerald than Mark Twains. Melville married Elizabeth Shaw, the daughter of a wealthy judge. To support her and their growing family, he had to write for money.
• ---During the summer of 1850, Melville and Hawthorne met. They exchanged visits, meeting at least nine times, and wrote to one another often.
• ---Melville saw in Hawthorne the one American who was expressively aware of the evil at the core of American life. He found Hawthorne’s understanding of evil, that blackness of vision, unusually fascinating.
–He had little education. He had to leave school at the age of 15, and began to work. He worked as a clerk, a farmer and a teacher, before becoming a cabin boy on a ship at about twenty.
2. Life Experience
• Was born in 1819 in Lansingburgh • Left school at the age of 15 • Worked as a bank clerk, a salesman,
a farmer, a school teacher • Went to sea at about 20 • Good friend with Hawthorne
Moby Dick
抹香鲸
• 抹香鲸的英文是Spermwhale，名法为 Physeter macrocephalus。抹香鲸又称之 为巨抹香鲸、卡切拉特鲸。隶属齿鲸亚目、 抹香鲸科，是世界上最大的齿鲸。由于其 头部特别巨大，故又有“巨头鲸”之称呼， 主要栖息于南北纬70°之间的海域中。
• 身体粗短，行动缓慢笨拙，易于捕杀，故 现存量由原来的85万头下降到20万头。抹 香鲸的长相十分怪，头重尾轻，宛如巨大 的蝌蚪，庞大的头部约占体长的1/4-1/3， 整个头部仿佛是一个大箱子。它的鼻子也 十分奇特，只有左鼻孔畅通，而且位于左 上方，右鼻孔堵塞，所以它呼吸的雾柱是 以45°角向左前方喷出的。
• ---There are three things which deserve mention about his life: going out to sea, his marriage and his friendship with Hawthorne.
---Melville was a whaler, the lowest of sailors. He went to Liverpool, England and the South Pacific, spending most of his young manhood undergoing one of the most brutalizing experiences for a man. His experiences and adventures on the sea furnished him with abundant material for fiction.
3. Major works
His novels:
• Typee (1846); Omoo (1847) • Mardi (1849); Redburn (1849) • White Jacket (1850) • Moby Dick (1851) • Pierre (1852); Confidence Man (1857) • Billy Budd (unfinished) • His poetic work: Clarel • His short stories: • “Bartleby”, “Benito Cereno”
–Melville was born in New York City. Both his parents came from well-to-do families, but later their family business failed.
–Melville’s childhood was happy to the age of 11, when his father died in debt.
Moby Dick
Herman Melville
1. Overview
• One of the half-dozen major American literary figures of the 19th century. An American novelist, short story writer, essayist and poet.