动力定位系统DPS研讨一(DNV培训资料)

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内部培训-动力定位系统在OSV中的应用

COSCO(Dalian) TECHNICAL INSTITUTE Dynamic Positioning System Dynamic Positioning SystemIn OSVSimon Wang 王树山大连中远船务工程有限公司COSCO(Dalian) TECHNICAL INSTITUTE1.Brief description of DP system2.Relevant Regulation and Class Notation3.Configuration of DP System4.ERN and DP Capacity5.FMEA and HIL大1. Brief description of DPCOSCO(Dalian) TECHNICAL INSTITUTE大COSCO(Dalian) TECHNICAL INSTITUTE1. Brief description of DPApplication of DP system.•Offshore support vessel pp y•Windmill installation vessel .•Cable laying vessel.•Piping laying vessel.p g ay g vesse .•Drilling vessel•Semi-submersible unit大连中远船务工程有限公司COSCO(Dalian) TECHNICAL INSTITUTE1. Brief description of DPSuppliers of DP system.•Congsberg •pp yConver team•Marine technology •Rolls Rocye y •Navis •L3大连中远船务工程有限公司1. Brief description of DPCOSCO(Dalian) TECHNICAL INSTITUTE Operation mode•Joystick Mode•Mixed Joystick/Auto Mode•Auto Heading Mode•Auto Position Mode•Auto Track(low-speed)Mode大连中远船务工程有限公司COSCO(Dalian) TECHNICAL INSTITUTE1.Brief description of DP system2.Relevant Regulation and Class Notation3.Configuration of DP System4.ERN and DP Capacity5.FMEA and HIL大2. Regulation and Class NotationCOSCO(Dalian) TECHNICAL INSTITUTE大COSCO(Dalian) TECHNICAL INSTITUTE2. Regulation and Class NotationIMO equipment classDNVABSLRNot applicable DPS 0DPS 0DP (CM)DYNPOS-AUTS IMO equipment class 1DPS 1DP (AM)IMO equipment class 1(No redundancy)DPS 1DP (AM)DYNPOS-AUT IMO equipment class 2DPS 2DP (AA)q p(Redundancy in technical design)DYNPOS-ERDPS 2DP (AA)DYNPOS-AUTR OS IMO equipment class 3(Redundancy in technical design and physical separation of systems)DPS 3DPS 3DP (AAA)DYNPOS-AUTRO大连中远船务工程有限公司2. Regulation and Class NotationCOSCO(Dalian) TECHNICAL INSTITUTE大COSCO(Dalian) TECHNICAL INSTITUTE1.Brief description of DP system2.Relevant Regulation and Class Notation3.Configuration of DP System4.ERN and DP Capacity5.FMEA and HIL大3. Configuration of DP SystemCOSCO(Dalian) TECHNICAL INSTITUTE大3. Configuration of DP SystemCOSCO(Dalian) TECHNICAL INSTITUTE大3. Configuration of DP SystemCOSCO(Dalian) TECHNICAL INSTITUTE大3. Configuration of DP SystemCOSCO(Dalian) TECHNICAL INSTITUTE大3. Configuration of DP SystemCOSCO(Dalian) TECHNICAL INSTITUTE大3. Configuration of DP SystemCOSCO(Dalian) TECHNICAL INSTITUTE大3. Configuration of DP SystemCOSCO(Dalian) TECHNICAL INSTITUTE大3. Configuration of DP SystemCOSCO(Dalian) TECHNICAL INSTITUTE大COSCO(Dalian) TECHNICAL INSTITUTE大3. Configuration of DP SystemCOSCO(Dalian) TECHNICAL INSTITUTE大3. Configuration of DP SystemCOSCO(Dalian) TECHNICAL INSTITUTE大3. Configuration of DP SystemCOSCO(Dalian) TECHNICAL INSTITUTE大3. Configuration of DP SystemCOSCO(Dalian) TECHNICAL INSTITUTE大3. Configuration of DP SystemCOSCO(Dalian) TECHNICAL INSTITUTE大3. Configuration of DP SystemCOSCO(Dalian) TECHNICAL INSTITUTE大3. Configuration of DP SystemCOSCO(Dalian) TECHNICAL INSTITUTE大3. Configuration of DP SystemCOSCO(Dalian) TECHNICAL INSTITUTE大3. Configuration of DP SystemCOSCO(Dalian) TECHNICAL INSTITUTE大3. Configuration of DP SystemCOSCO(Dalian) TECHNICAL INSTITUTE大3. Configuration of DP SystemCOSCO(Dalian) TECHNICAL INSTITUTE大COSCO(Dalian) TECHNICAL INSTITUTE1.Brief description of DP system2.Relevant Regulation and Class Notation3.Configuration of DP System4.ERN and DP Capacity5.FMEA and HIL大4. ERN and DP CapacityCOSCO(Dalian) TECHNICAL INSTITUTE大4. ERN and DP CapacityCOSCO(Dalian) TECHNICAL INSTITUTE大4. ERN and DP CapacityCOSCO(Dalian) TECHNICAL INSTITUTE大4. ERN and DP CapacityCOSCO(Dalian) TECHNICAL INSTITUTE大COSCO(Dalian) TECHNICAL INSTITUTE1.Brief description of DP system2.Relevant Regulation and Class Notation3.Configuration of DP System4.ERN and DP Capacity5.FMEA and HIL大5. FMEA and HILCOSCO(Dalian) TECHNICAL INSTITUTE1.Redundancy2.Redundancy group3.Stand by4.Spare part5.Reliability大5. FMEA and HILCOSCO(Dalian) TECHNICAL INSTITUTE大5. FMEA and HILCOSCO(Dalian) TECHNICAL INSTITUTE大COSCO(Dalian) TECHNICAL INSTITUTE大6. THE ENDCOSCO(Dalian) TECHNICAL INSTITUTETHE END问题解答QUESTION and ANSWER ?大。

DP systems - DNV rule

RULES FOR CLASSIFICATION OFD ET N ORSKE V ERITASVeritasveien 1, NO-1322 Høvik, Norway Tel.: +47 67 57 99 00 Fax: +47 67 57 99 11SHIPSNEWBUILDINGSSPECIAL EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMSADDITIONAL CLASS PART 6 CHAPTER 7DYNAMIC POSITIONING SYSTEMSJANUARY 2008CONTENTS PAGESec.1General Requirements (5)Sec.2General Arrangement (11)Sec.3Control System (15)Sec.4Thruster Systems (18)Sec.5Power Systems (19)Sec.6Environmental Regularity Numbers (21)CHANGES IN THE RULESComments to the rules may be sent by e-mail to rules@For subscription orders or information about subscription terms, please use distribution@Comprehensive information about DNV and the Society's services is found at the Web site © Det Norske VeritasComputer Typesetting (Adobe FrameMaker) by Det Norske Veritas Printed in NorwayIf any person suffers loss or damage which is proved to have been caused by any negligent act or omission of Det Norske Veritas, then Det Norske Veritas shall pay compensation to such person for his proved direct loss or damage. However, the compensation shall not exceed an amount equal to ten times the fee charged for the service in question, provided that the maximum compen-sation shall never exceed USD 2 million.In this provision "Det Norske Veritas" shall mean the Foundation Det Norske Veritas as well as all its subsidiaries, directors, officers, employees, agents and any other acting on behalf of Det Norske Veritas.General.The present edition of the rules includes additions and amendments decided by the Board as of December 2007, and supersedes the Janu-ary 2004 edition of the same chapter, including later amendments.The rule changes come into force as indicated below.This chapter is valid until superseded by a revised chapter. Supple-ments will not be issued except for an updated list of minor amend-ments and corrections presented in Pt.0 Ch.1 Sec.3. Pt.0 Ch.1 is normally revised in January and July each year.Revised chapters will be forwarded to all subscribers to the rules.Buyers of reprints are advised to check the updated list of rule chap-ters printed in Pt.0 Ch.1 Sec.1 to ensure that the chapter is current.Main changes coming into force 1 July 2008•GeneralThe following amendments have been undertaken:— A new optional qualifier (A) requiring full annual survey scopeequal to 5-yearly renewals for class notations DYNPOS-AUTR and DYNPOS-AUTRO has been introduced, i.e.:—full scope including technical condition, functional verifica-tion, failure response and FMEA testing — a DP sea trial is to be performed.—Separation requirements concerning pneumatic systems havebeen introduced for notation DYNPOS-AUTR .—For DYNPOS-AUT , the requirement for two different measur-ing principles for the position reference systems may (upon spe-cial considerations) be waived when considered not practicable during DP-operation.Corrections and ClarificationsIn addition to the above stated rule requirements, a number of correc-tions and clarifications have been made in the existing rule text.Rules for Ships, January 2008Pt.6 Ch.7 Contents – Page 3D ET N ORSKE V ERITASCONTENTSSEC. 1GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.......................... 5A.The Rules. (5)A 100Rule application................................................................5A 200Class notations..................................................................5A 300Environmental regularity number, ern .. (5)B.Definitions (5)B 100General..............................................................................5C.Certification...........................................................................6C 100General (6)D.Documentation (6)D 100General..............................................................................6D 200ern calculation..................................................................6D 300Instrumentation and automation .......................................6D 400Thruster documentation....................................................7D 500Electric power system documentation..............................7D600DP-Control centre arrangement andlayout documentation........................................................7D 700Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA)........................7D 800Operation manuals............................................................8D 900Programme for tests and trials (9)E.Survey and Test upon Completion (9)E 100General..............................................................................9E 200Measuring system.............................................................9E 300Thrusters ...........................................................................9E 400Electric power supply........................................................9E 500Independent joystick thruster control system....................9E 600Complete DP-system test..................................................9E 700Redundancy tests for DYNPOS-AUTR andDYNPOS-AUTRO ..........................................................9F.Alterations. (10)F 100Owner obligations (10)SEC. 2GENERAL ARRANGEMENT......................... 11A.General (11)A 100General (11)B.Redundancy and Failure Modes (11)B 100General............................................................................11B 200Redundancy.....................................................................11B 300Failure modes..................................................................11B 400Independence..................................................................11B500General separation requirements forDYNPOS-AUTRO (12)C.System Arrangement (12)C 100General............................................................................12C 200DP-control centre............................................................13C 300Arrangement of positioning control systems..................13C 400Arrangement and layout of control panels......................13C 500Arrangement and layout of data communication links (14)D.Internal Communication (14)D 100General (14)SEC. 3CONTROL SYSTEM ....................................... 15A. General Requirements (15)A 100General (15)B.System Arrangement (15)B 100Independent joystick thruster control system.................15B 200DP-control system...........................................................15B 300Thruster control mode selection.. (15)C.Positioning Reference System (16)C 100General (16)D.Sensors (17)D 100General............................................................................17E.Display Units.. (17)E 100General (17)F.Monitoring (17)F 100Alarm system..................................................................17F 200Consequence analysis (17)SEC. 4THRUSTER SYSTEMS.................................... 18A.General.. (18)A 100Rule application..............................................................18A 200Thruster configuration....................................................18A 300Thruster control...............................................................18A 400Indication (18)SEC. 5POWER SYSTEMS........................................... 19A.General.. (19)A 100General............................................................................19A 200Number and capacity of generators................................19A 300Power management (for DYNPOS-AUTR andDYNPOS-AUTRO ).......................................................19A 400Main and distribution switchboards arrangement (19)B.Control System Power Supply (applies to DYNPOS-AUT , DYNPOS-AUTR and DYNPOS-AUTRO ) (20)B 100General (20)C.Auxiliary Systems (Applies toDYNPOS-AUTR and DYNPOS-AUTRO ) (20)C 100General............................................................................20C 200Fuel oil............................................................................20C 300Cooling water..................................................................20C 400Pneumatic systems (20)SEC. 6ENVIRONMENTAL REGULARITYNUMBERS.......................................................... 21A.Concept Description.. (21)A 100General (21)Rules for Ships, January 2008Pt.6 Ch.7 Contents – Page 4D ET N ORSKE V ERITASRules for Ships, January 2008Pt.6 Ch.7 Sec.1 – Page 5D ET N ORSKE V ERITASSECTION 1GENERAL REQUIREMENTSA. The RulesA 100Rule application101 The rules in this chapter apply to systems for dynamic positioning of ships and mobile offshore units, termed hereaf-ter as, vessels. These rules do not include requirements or rec-ommendations in regard to the vessels operation or other characteristics.Guidance note:Requirements, additional to these rules may be imposed by the national authority with whom the vessel is registered and/or by the administration within whose territorial jurisdiction it is in-tended to operate. Where national legislative requirements exist,compliance with such regulations shall also be necessary.---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---102 The requirements in these rules are additional to the rules for main class.Guidance note:In particular see the relevant sections of:Pt.4 Ch.1 Machinery Systems, General Pt.4 Ch.2 Rotating Machinery, General Pt.4 Ch.3 Rotating Machinery, DriversPt.4 Ch.4 Rotating Machinery, Power Transmissions Pt.4 Ch.5 Rotating Machinery, Driven Units Pt.4 Ch.8 Electrical InstallationsPt.4 Ch.9 Instrumentation and Automation.---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---A 200Class notations201 Vessels built and tested in compliance with the require-ments in this chapter and the requirements of the rules for main class may be assigned one of the class notations given in Table A1.Guidance note:IMO MSC/Circ.645 "Guidelines for vessels with dynamic posi-tioning systems", dated 6 June 1994, has defined equipment classes with the following correlation to these rules:---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---202 A qualifier (A) can when requested by the vessel owner,be assigned to vessels with notation DYNPOS-AUTR or DYNPOS-AUTRO which then shall undergo annual survey according to the applicable 5 yearly complete survey scope.Guidance note:Example of notation: DYNPOS-AUTR(A)---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---A 300Environmental regularity number, ern301 Vessels with one of the class notations listed in 201 will be given an environmental regularity number (ern). It will be entered as a notation in the "Register of vessels classed with DNV" as ern(a, b, c) where a, b, c are integer numbers re-flecting probable regularity for keeping position in a defined area. See Sec.6 for details on the ern concept.B. DefinitionsB 100General101 Consequence analysis: A monitoring function in the DP control system that issue an alarm if the vessel (in its current operating mode) in the current weather conditions would not be able to keep the heading and position in the case that any of the predefined worst case failures should occur.Guidance note:For detailed information and requirements to the consequence analysis function see Sec.3 F200.---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---102 DP-control system: All control systems and compo-nents, hardware and software necessary to dynamically posi-tion the vessel. The DP-control system consists of the following:—dynamic positioning control system (computer system)—sensor system —display system —operator panels—positioning reference system—associated cabling and cable routing.Guidance note:The DP-control system will normally consist of one or more computers. This is often referred to as the DP-system, but is only a part of the DP-system by rule terminology.---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---103 Dynamic positioning system (DP-system): The complete installation necessary for dynamically positioning a vessel comprises of the following systems:—power system —thruster system —DP-control system—independent joystick system (when applicable).104 Dynamically positioned vessel (DP-vessel): A vessel which automatically maintains its position and heading (fixed location or predetermined track) exclusively by means of thruster force.Guidance note:In this context transverse force generated by the combined use of propellers and rudders will not be considered. For DYNPOS-Table A1 Class notations Notation Scope DYNPOS-AUTS dynamic positioning system without redun-dancy DYNPOS-AUT dynamic positioning system with an inde-pendent joystick system back-up and a posi-tion reference back-upDYNPOS-AUTR dynamic positioning system with redundancyin technical design and with an independent joystick system back-upDYNPOS-AUTRO dynamic positioning system with redundancyin technical design and with an independent joystick system back-up. Plus a back-up dy-namic positioning control system in an emer-gency dynamic positioning control centre, designed with physical separation for compo-nents that provide redundancyDNV class notation IMO equipment class DYNPOS-AUTS Not applicableDYNPOS-AUT IMO equipment class 1DYNPOS-AUTR IMO equipment class 2DYNPOS-AUTROIMO equipment class 3Rules for Ships, January 2008Pt.6 Ch.7 Sec.1 – Page 6D ET N ORSKE V ERITASAUTR and DYNPOS-AUTRO thruster force may include pro-pulsion and steering (rudder) forces for back-up purposes only,see Sec.4.---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---105 Failure: An occurrence in a component or system caus-ing one or both of the following effects:—loss of component or system function—deterioration of functional capability to such an extent thatthe safety of the vessel, personnel, or environment is sig-nificantly reduced.Guidance note:For vessels that shall comply with DYNPOS-AUTRO require-ments, the definition of single failure has no exceptions, and shall include incidents of fire and flooding, and all technical break-downs of systems and components, including all electrical and mechanical parts. Loss of stability (e.g. as a result of flooding) is not a relevant failure mode.For vessels that shall comply with DYNPOS-AUTR require-ments, certain exceptions will be allowed in the definition of sin-gle failure. Flooding and fire shall not be considered beyond main class requirements. Failure of non-moving components,e.g. pipes, manual valves, cables etc. may not need to be consid-ered if adequate reliability of a single component can be docu-mented, and the part is protected from mechanical damage.---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---106 Joystick: A device for readily setting of vectorial thrust output including turning moment.107 Operational mode: The manner of control under which the DP-system may be operated, e. g.:—automatic mode (automatic position and heading control)—joystick mode (manual position control with selectable au-tomatic or manual heading control)—manual mode (individual control of thrust, azimuth, start/stop of each thruster)—autotrack mode (considered as a variant of automatic posi-tion control, with programmed movement of reference point).108 Position/heading keeping: Maintaining a desired posi-tion/heading within the normal excursions of the control sys-tem and the environmental conditions.109 Positioning/heading reference system: All hardware,software and sensors that supply information and or correc-tions necessary to give position/heading reference, including power supply.110 Power system: All components and systems necessary to supply the DP-system with power. The power system includes:—prime movers with necessary auxiliary systems includingpiping —generators —switchboards—uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) and batteries —distribution system including cabling and cable routing —for DYNPOS-AUTR and DYNPOS-AUTRO : powermanagement system (PMS).111 Redundancy: The ability of a component or system to maintain its function when one failure has occurred. Redun-dancy can be achieved, for instance, by installation of multiple components, systems or alternative means of performing a function.112 Reliability: The ability of a component or system to per-form its required function without failure during a specified time interval.113 Thruster system: All components and systems necessary to supply the DP-system with thrust force and direction. Thethruster system includes:—thruster with drive units and necessary auxiliary systemsincluding piping —thruster control—associated cabling and cable routing—main propellers and rudders if these are under the controlof the DP-system.114 Worst case failure: Failure modes related to the class no-tations as follows:—for DYNPOS-AUTS and DYNPOS-AUT , loss of posi-tion may occur in the event of a single fault—for DYNPOS-AUTR , loss of position is not to occur inthe event of a single failure as specified in Sec.2 B301—for DYNPOS-AUTRO , loss of position is not to occur inthe event of a single failure as specified in Sec.2 B302.C. CertificationC 100General101 The following equipment in the DP-system shall be cer-tified:—dynamic positioning control system—independent joystick control system with auto heading.Other equipment in the DP-system shall be certified according to relevant parts of Pt.4 as for main class.Guidance note:Additionally, components and systems should be certified according to main class requirements.---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---D. DocumentationD 100General101 The documentation submitted, shall include descriptions and particulars of the vessel and cover the requirements given in 200 to 700, as appropriate.D 200ern calculation201 Calculation of the environmental regularity number evaluation, ern , shall be submitted for approval. The position holding performance shall be quantified according to the con-cept for ern , see Sec.6.D 300Instrumentation and automation301 For general requirements related to documentation of in-strumentation and automation, including computer based con-trol and monitoring, see Pt.4 Ch.9 Sec.1.Guidance note:For description of documentation types, see Pt.4 Ch.9 Sec.1. Ta-ble C1 and C2.---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---302 For the control systems listed, documentation shall be submitted according to Table D1:DYN Dynamic positioning control and monitoring system JOY Independent joystick system TCM Thruster control mode selection PRS Position reference system(s)VEO Wind, VRS and gyroPMSPower Management System.Rules for Ships, January 2008Pt.6 Ch.7 Sec.1 – Page 7D ET N ORSKE V ERITASD 400Thruster documentation401 Documentation shall be submitted as required for main class.402 The following shall be submitted for information:—thrust output and power input curves —response time for thrust changes—response time for direction changes for azimuth thrusters —anticipated thrust reductions due to interaction effects.D 500Electric power system documentation501 Documentation shall be submitted as required for main class.502 Electrical load calculation during dynamic positioning operation shall be submitted for approval. For vessels with the notations DYNPOS-AUTR and DYNPOS-AUTRO the load calculations shall also reflect the situation after the maximum single failure(s).Guidance note:This documentation may be a part of the power consumption bal-ance as required in Pt.4 Ch.8 Electrical Installations.---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---503 For vessels with the notation DYNPOS-AUTRO , the following shall be submitted for approval:—cable routing layout drawing—fire and flooding separation arrangement.Guidance note:For the cable routing layout drawing it is recommended that col-ours are used to indicate the cable routes that are designed and physically arranged to provide redundancy.---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---Guidance note:The cable routing layout drawing shall indicate all cables rele-vant to the DP system, e.g. power cables, control cables, cables used for indication etc.---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---D 600DP-Control centre arrangement and layout docu-mentation601 For notations DYNPOS-AUTS , DYNPOS-AUT ,DYNPOS-AUTR and DYNPOS-AUTRO drawings showing the physical arrangement and location of all key componentsin the DP-control centre shall be submitted.602 For notation DYNPOS-AUTRO drawings showing the physical arrangement and location of all key components in the emergency DP-control centre shall be submitted.D 700Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA)701 For vessels with the notations DYNPOS-AUTR and DYNPOS-AUTRO , documentation of consequences of single failures in accordance with rule requirements is required in the form of a failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA).702 The purpose of the FMEA is to give a description of the different failure modes of the equipment when referred to its functional task. Special attention shall be paid to the analysis of systems that may enter a number of failure modes and thus induce a number of different effects on the dynamic position-ing system performance. The FMEA shall include at least the information specified in 703 to 705.703 A breakdown of the dynamic positioning system, into functional blocks shall be made. The functions of each block shall be described. The breakdown shall be performed to such a level of detail that the functional interfaces between the func-tional blocks are shown.704 A description of each physically and functionally inde-pendent item and the associated failure modes with their fail-ure causes related to normal operational modes of the item shall be furnished.705 A description of the effects of each failure mode alone on other items within the system and on the overall dynamic positioning system shall be made.Guidance note:Description of FMEA systematic may be found in IEC Publica-tion 60812 and IMO HSC Code, Annex 4.---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---706 FMEA(s) and redundancy test program(s) shall be kept on board. The FMEA(s) and redundancy test program(s) shall at all times be updated to cover alterations to the DP-system hardware or software.Guidance note:This is not to be understood as a requirement for an FMEA for the software. However the FMEA (or other relevant documenta-tion) should include identification of the software version(s) in-stalled, and documentation giving this information should be updated when new versions are installed.---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---Rules for Ships, January 2008Pt.6 Ch.7 Sec.1 – Page 8D ET N ORSKE V ERITASD 800Operation manuals801 Operation manuals according to Table D1 shall be kept on board. The manuals shall include information on the DP-system, its installation and structure as well as operation and maintenance.Guidance note:These manuals cover the technical systems. Manuals for DP op-erations are not normally included and may be produced sepa-rately, according to operational requirements.---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---802 They shall at least cover the following:—definitions of symbols and nomenclature —functional description—operating instructions, normal conditions —operating instructions, failure conditions —man and machine communication systems —back-up systems —monitoring—maintenance and periodical performance test —fault-finding procedures.Functional description—different functions including back-up functions shall beexplained in detail.Operating instructions—description of the normal operation of the equipment, in-Table D1 Requirements for documentation of instrumentation systemsD010D020D030D040D050D060 3)D070D080D090D100D110D120D130D140D150D160For class notation DYNPOS-AUTS :DYN X X X X X X X 2)2)2)2)X X1),2)TCM X X X X X X 2)2)XPRS X X X X X1),2)VEO X X X X X For class notation DYNPOS-AUT :DYN X X X X X X X 2)2)2)2)X X1),2)JOY X X X X X 2)X X1),2)TCM X X X X X X 2)2)XPRS X X X X X1),2)VEO X X X X X For class notation DYNPOS-AUTR :DYN X X X X X X X X 2)2)2)2)X X1),2)JOY X X X X X 2)X X1),2)TCM X X X X X X X 2)2)XPRS X X X X X1),2)VEO X X X X XPMS4)1),2)For class notation DYNPOS-AUTRO :DYN X X X X X X X X X 2)2)2)2)X X1),2)JOY X X X X X 2)X X1),2)TCM X X X X X X X X 2)2)XPRS X X X X X X1),2)VEO X X X X X XPMS4)1),2)Instrumentation systems:Documentation types:DYN Dynamic positioning control and monitoring system JOY Independent joystick system TCM Thruster control mode selection PRS Position reference system(s)VEO Wind, VRS and gyro PMS Power Management System 4)D010 System philosophy (T)D020 Functional description D030 System block diagrams (T)D040 User interface documentation D050 Power supply arrangement (T)D060 Circuit diagramsD070 Instrument and equipment list (T)D080 Cable routing layout drawing (T)D090 Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) and redundancy test procedure (T)D100 Software quality plan, based upon life cycle activities D110 Installation manual D120 Maintenance manualD130 Data sheets with environmental specifications D140 Test program for testing at the manufacturer (T)D150 Test program for quay/sea trial (T)D160 Operation manual(T)Required also for type approved systems.1)One copy shall be submitted to approval centre for information only.2)Shall be available during certification and trials. Reference is made to Pt.4 Ch.9. Not to be submitted to the approval centre.3)For essential hardwired circuits (for emergency stop, shutdown, interlocking, mode selection systems, back-up selection systems,etc.). Details of input and output devices and power source for each circuit.4)FMEA for PMS systems is in addition to requirements given in Pt.4 Ch.9.Rules for Ships, January 2008Pt.6 Ch.7 Sec.1 – Page 9D ET N ORSKE V ERITAScluding adjustments and change of limit values, possible modes of presentation, starting and stopping systems —description of operation of the DP-system in different op-erational modes—description of transition from one operational mode to an-other.Fault-finding procedures—description of fault symptoms with explanation and rec-ommended corrective actions—instructions for tracing faults back to functional blocks orsystems.D 900Programme for tests and trials901 A programme for tests and trials including redundancy tests shall be submitted for approval. The requirements for the programme are described in E.E. Survey and Test upon CompletionE 100General101 Upon completion, the dynamic positioning system shall be subjected to final tests. The program shall contain test pro-cedures and acceptance criteria.Guidance note:It is assumed that prior to the DP-control system test, all systems and equipment included in the dynamic positioning system have been tested according to main class. This should at least include:-load test according to main class -transfer of thruster control-manual override of thruster control -emergencystop -“ready” signals-failure in thruster command/feedback signals -communication systems-main alarm system as for main class and E0 (if applicable).---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---102 When deemed necessary by the attending surveyor, tests additional to those specified by the test program may be re-quired.E 200Measuring system201 All sensors, peripheral equipment, and reference sys-tems shall be tested as part of the complete DP-system.202 Failures of sensors shall be simulated to check the alarm system and the switching logic.E 300Thrusters301 Functional tests of control and alarm systems of each thruster shall be carried out.302 All signals exchanged between each thruster and the DP-system computers shall be checked.303 The different modes of thruster control shall be tested.Proper operation of mode selection shall be verified.E 400Electric power supply401 The capacity of the UPS batteries shall be tested.E 500Independent joystick thruster control system 501 All functions of the independent joystick system shall be tested.E 600Complete DP-system test601 The complete DP-system shall be tested in all operation-al modes, with simulation of different failure conditions to try out switching modes, back-up systems and alarm systems.602 Positioning shall be performed on all possible combina-tions of position reference systems (PRS), and on each PRS as a single system. Selecting and de-selecting of PRS shall also be tested.603 During sea trials the offset inputs for each position ref-erence system and relevant sensors in the dynamic position control system should be verified and demonstrated to the at-tending surveyor by setting out the offsets on drawings. It should be verified that these fit with the actual placing of the equipment.604 Manual override, as required by Sec.3 B202 and Sec.4A302 shall be demonstrated during normal operation and fail-ure conditions.605 A duration test shall be carried out for at least 8 hours with the complete automatic system in operation. All failures shall be recorded and analysed.Guidance note:The time spent on DP operational tests may normally be deduct-ed from the time required for the duration test.---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---606 A high seas trial shall be carried out with full system op-eration for at least 2 hours. The weather conditions must be such that an average load level on the thrusters of 50% or more is required.Guidance note:The test described in 606 is dependent on weather conditions and may be omitted if satisfactory results were obtained from the test described in 605.---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---607 For steering gears included under DP-control a test shall be carried out verifying that maximum design temperature of actuator and all other steering gear components is not exceeded when the rudder is continuously put over from border to border within the limits set by the DP-control system, until tempera-ture is stabilized.Guidance note:The test should be carried out with the propeller(s) running with an average propulsion thrust of not less than 50%, unless the con-trol system ensures that rudder operation is performed at zero propulsion thrust only, upon which the test may be carried out without the propeller(s) running. The test may be carried out at the quay and in any steering gear control mode. Number of steer-ing gear pumps connected and rotation speed are to be the maxi-mum allowed during DP operation.---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---E 700Redundancy tests for DYNPOS-AUTR and DYN-POS-AUTRO701 A selection of tests within each system analysed in the FMEA shall be carried out. Specific conclusions of the FMEA for the different systems shall be verified by tests when redun-dancy or independence is required.Guidance note:For DYNPOS-AUTRO this implies that loss of all systems in relevant fire zones should be tested.---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---702 The test procedure for redundancy shall be based on the simulation of failures and shall be performed under as realistic conditions as practicable.。

动力定位系统讲座

DPS动力定位系统Offshore & DPS Presentation2008年07月28日1议程1. 动力定位的典型配置和系统 2. 介绍ABS动力定位系统规范 3. 动力定位在海洋工业中的应用 4. FMEA故障模型影响分析 5. 送审 6. 建造与检验 7. 问题和回答2动力定位系统动力定位系统(DPS)是当环境条件发生变化时，由集控手操或自动响应系统，通过水动力系统的控制使船舶的位置和航向保持在环境条件限定范围内。

3基本外力4典型动力定位控制系统操控台控制箱全回转推进器控制线侧推器舵主推进器5典型动力定位系统的组成风速计Anemometer差分GPSDGPS控制器 DP Console 电罗经 Gyrocompass 垂直参照Vertical reference unit主动声纳系统Artemis激光参照Laser Reference侧推器PropellersTunnel Thruster全回转推进器Acoustic Positioning SystemAzimuth Thruster螺旋桨Rudders张紧绳定位测量系统WeightTaut Wire Position Measuring System声纳定位系统Tunnel Thrusters侧推器Acoustic Transponder舵重块声纳发射器6操控台液晶显示器操纵杆功能键7现代控制板液晶显示器操纵杆键盘8功能键盘9DP规范的介绍• NMD Guidelines for Dynamic Positioning Vessels, 1983 • IMO/MSC Circular 645 Guidelines for Vessel with DP, 1994 • ABS Guide for Thrusters and Dynamic Positioning System, 1994 (No Longer used) • ABS Steel Vessel Rules 2008 (Part 4, Chapter 3, Section 5/ Paragraph 15)10ABS DP Notations DPS-0 DPS-1 DPS-2 DPS-311DPS-0船舶装备一套集控手操和自动航向保持的动力定位系统(DPS)，能在最大环境条件下，使船舶的位置和航向保持在限定范围。

DNV挪威船级社规范2003版_中文_6.7动力定位系统

第6篇第7章船舶入级规范新造船舶特殊设备和系统附加船级第6篇第7章动力定位系统2003年1月目录页码第一节通则 4第二节规划通则9第三节DP控制系统13第四节推进器系统16第五节电源18第六节环境规则参数19规范更改说明综述本章为上一版本的重版，也包含一些在2002年7月版本的第0部分第1章第3节列出的修改和勘误，除此之外，没有别的修改。

本章在被新的修订版替换之前有效，改版前对规范所作的少量修正和勘误，仅列表刊载在第0部分第1章第3节中，不会发行新的副刊。

第0部分第1章通常于每年1月及7月修订。

修正过的各章将发给本规范的所有订户，建议再版本的购买者核对刊印在第0篇第1章第1节规范各章的最新目录，以确认该章为现行版本。

目录第1节通则 4A．规则 4 A 100 范围 4 A 200 入级符号 4A 300 环境入级参数 4B. 定义 4 B 100 通则 4 C．证书 5 C 100 通则 5 D．送审文件 5 D 100 通则 5 D 200 ern计算 5 D 300 仪表与自动化 5 D 400 推进器文本 5 D 500 电源系统文本 5 D 600 故障模式响应分析（FMEA） 6 D 700 操作手册 7 D 800 试验和海试程序 7 E．完整的DP系统测试 7 E 70 通则 7 E 200 测量系统 7 E 300 推进器 7 E 400 电源 7 E 500 联合操纵 7 E 600 完整的DP系统测试 8 E 700 DYNPOS-AUTR和DYNPOS-AUTRO的冗余测试8 F．变更8 F 100 船东义务 8第2节规划通则9 A. 通则9A 100 通则 9B. 冗余和故障模式9 B 100 通则9 B 200 冗余9 B 300 故障模式9 B 400 独立性9B 500 对DYNPOS-AUTRO的一般要求10C. 系统规划10 C 100 通则10 C 200 DP控制中心 11 C 300 位置控制系统的规划 11 C 400 控制面板的规划和布置 11C 500 数据通讯链的规划与布置 12D. 内部通讯 12 D 100 通则 12 第3节 DP控制系统13A. 通用要求13A 100 通则13B. 系统规划13B 100 操纵杆推进器控制13B 200 推进器控制模式选择13C. 位置参照系统13C 100 通则13D. 传感器14D 100 通则14F. 监测14F 100 通则14F 200 因果分析15第4节推进器系统16A. 通则16A 100 适用范围16A 200 推进器配置16A 300 推进器控制16A 400 指示16第5节电源17A. 通则17A 100 通则17A 200 发电机的容量和数量17A 300 电源管理（对DYNPOS-AUTR和DYNPOS-AUTRO）17A 400 主配电板和分配电板的规划17B. 控制系统电源18B 100 通则18B 200 软件制造18C. 辅助系统（对DYNPOS-AUTR和DYNPOS-AUTRO）18C 100 通则18C 200 燃油18C 300 冷却水18第6节环境规则参数 19A. 内容描述19A 100 通则19第1节通则A规则A100范围101本节中的规范要求适用于船舶或移动海上平台（后称舰船）的动力定位系统。

DPS 5D 动态定位系统说明书

DPS 5DDesigned to be trustedDPS 5D is a position reference system especially developed for dynamically positioned (DP) vessels with a problematic infrastructure. When there is no single suitable GNSS antenna location without obstructions, the use of multi-sensor fusion techniques is required in order to obtain an accurate and reliable position solution.Sensors teaming upWhen outages due to masking are frequently experienced and a conventional set-up would not provide the required stability and reliability, a multi-receiver solution with IMU integration is the perfect solution. The dual GNSS receiver solution together with the IMU (MGC R3) integration ensures a continuous position solution. It bridges gaps in the GNSS reception and increasing position stability in periods with limited GNSS availability due to masking, scintillation and interference. GPS and I are perfectly matched as their error characteristics are different and they measure different quantities. They overcome each others limitations and using both systems is superior to using either system alone.Two antennas – two eyes to the skyA dual GNSS antenna solution, where the antennas are located at different locations on the vessel, minimizesthe risk of interference and improves the availability in periods with extensive signal blocking/shading. The NAV Engine® calculates multiple positions based on data fromthe two GNSS receivers and the IMU, ensuring a high level of robustness and integrity in the position solution output to the DP system. Both GNSS receivers are multi frequency receivers and allow for real-time compensation of errors introduced by high ionospheric activity. Trust and precisionDPS 5D provides position and velocity data with the best possible accuracy by combining all available GNSS signals from two separate GNSS antennas and a multitude of differential correction data simultaneously. It supports RTK corrections, global high precision services, standard RTCM corrections and free-to-air services such as SBAS and IALA. In High Precision mode a worldwide accuracy of 10 to 20 cm is possible. RAIM (Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring) extended by data from the IMU provides ultimate reliability of the position and velocity data under difficult GNSS conditions.Heading beyond gyrosA GNSS based heading solution is available. It can be presented on a display or as signal output to external equipment. The IMU integration provides a high accuracy heading solution and precise lever arm compensation. There is no degradation of the heading solution at high latitudes as with traditional gyros or compasses.Active decision supportThe DPS has an intuitive and easy-to-use graphical user interface developed in close co-operation with experienced DP operators. This HMI enables the operators to assess the quality of their positioning quickly and effectively during operation. Multiple layers of information give the DP operator unmatched opportunities for a customized visual presentation.HYBRID GNSS BASED POSITION, ATTITUDE ANDHEADING SYSTEM FOR DPDPS 5D provides a superior solution to the most challenging installations. The unmatched all-in-one package addresses the extremes of accuracy and reliability. In addition to providing precise positioning, DPS 5D also offers precise GNSS based heading. The flexibility with regard to installation of the dual GNSS antennas ensures optimum tracking of multi-constellation satellite signals under all conditions.PERFORMANCERTK 1 cm + 1.6 ppm RMSHigh precision accuracy 10 cm, 95 % CEPDGNSS < 1 m, 95 % CEPSBAS accuracy < 1 m, 95 % CEPVelocity accuracy < 0.01 m/s, 95 % CEPAccuracy roll, pitch(for ±5° amplitude) 0.01° RMSUpdate frequency rate 1 to 20 HzLatency < 1 msAll accuracy specifications are based on real-life tests conducted in the North Sea under various conditions. Operation in other locations under different conditions may produce different results. INTERFACESSerial ports 8 isolated ports, 6 configurablebetween RS-232 and RS-422IMU RS-422Ethernet/LAN 4USB3DATA OUTPUTSMessage formats NMEA 0183 v. 3.0, ProprietaryMessage types ABBDP, ARABB, DPGGA, DTM,GBS, GGA, GLL, GNS, GRS, GSA,GST, GSV, RMC, VBW, VTG, ZDADATA INPUTSDGNSS corrections RTCM-SC104 v.2.2, 2.3, 3.0 and3.1, Seastar XP/XP2/G2/G2+RTK corrections RTCM-SC104 v. 2.3, 3.0, 3.1 and CMRGyro compass NMEA 0183 HEHDT, HEHRC,HETHS and Robertson LR22 BCDformatIMU SENSORSupported IMU MGC R3, MRU 5+(See dedicated datasheets fortechnicalinformation)WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONSDPS 5D Processing Unit 5.4 kg, 89 x 485 x 357 mmDPS 5D HMI Unit 3.8 kg, 44 x 485 x 330 mmGNSS antennas 0.5 kg, 69 mm x 185 mmIALA beacon antenna 1 kg, 1000 mm POWER SPECIFICATIONSDPS 5D Processing Unit 100 - 240 V AC, 50/60 Hz, max 75 W DPS 5D HMI Unit 100 - 240 V AC, 50/60 Hz, max 40 W GNSS antennas 5 V DC from Processing UnitIALA beacon antenna 10.2 V DC from Processing Unit ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONSOperating temperature rangeDPS 5D Processing Unit -15 to +55 ºC (*)DPS 5D HMI Unit -15 to +55 ºC (*)GNSS antennas -40 to +85 ºCIALA beacon antenna -55 to +55 ºC(*) Recommended +5 to +40 ºCHumidityDPS 5D Processing Unit Max 95 % non-condensingDPS 5D HMI Unit Max 95 % non-condensingGNSS antennas IP66IALA beacon antenna IP66MechanicalVibration IEC 60945/EN 60945Electromagnetic compatibilityCompliance to EMCD,immunity/emission IEC 60945/EN 60945Product safetyCompliance to LVD,standard used IEC 61010-1/EN 61010-1PRODUCT STANDARDSIMO regulations MSC.112(73)MSC.113(73)MSC.114(73)MSC.115(73)IEC standards IEC 61108-1IEC 61162-1IEC60945UKOOA compliantSpecifications subject to change without any further notice.KONGSBERG SEATEXSwitchboard: +47 73 54 55 00Global support 24/7: +47 33 03 24 07E-mailsales:****************************.comE-mailsupport:******************************.com /maritime A p r i l 2 0 2 1。

概述海上钻井平台的动力定位系统

概述海上钻井平台的动力定位系统动力定位（Dynamic Positioning）系统已经广泛应用于海洋作业船、海洋科考船、深海半潜式钻井平台以及为钻井平台服务的穿梭油轮、储油加工等船舶，目前建造的海洋工程船如风车安装船、穿梭油轮、MPF1000FDPSO和半潜式钻井平台如Sevan650、GM4000等都装备了动力定位系统，这些船根据用途装备的动力定位设备等级不同，因此设备的配置和入级标志也不同，下面作个简单的介绍。

1 动力定位功能及系统组成1.1 动力定位功能动力定位（以下简称DP）是完全依靠推进力方式而不是锚泊方式保持船位（固定位置或预定航线）。

其基本工作原理是利用计算机对接收的卫星定位信号（DGPS）、环境参数（风、浪、流）以及船舶传感器输入的船舶位置信号，自动地与计算机中模拟的预定船位进行比较，推算出保持这一位置需要的各推进器的推力、速度和方向，自动控制推进器工作。

反复地进行比较判断计算和执行控制，使船舶在规定的环境条件下，位置保持在精度允许的范围内。

1.2 DP系统组成DP主要有3大系统组成：电力系统；控制系统；推进系统。

1.2.1 DP电力系统：发电机组；配电系统；功率管理系统。

1.2.2 DP控制系统：计算机及自动控制系统；独立操纵杆系统（手动控制）；传感器系统[电罗经、移动参照传感器（MRU）、风向风速传感器]；位置参照系统[卫星参照系统GPS、激光参照系统（Laser）、雷达参照系统、无线电参照系统、水声参照系统、张紧索参照系统（Tautwire）]。

2 DP设备等级国际海事组织（IMO）通过的《海上移动式钻井平台构造和设备规则1989修正案》中详细地规定了DP设备等级，其文Msc./Cire.645《采用动力定位系统船舶导则》中规定了DP系统的设备等级分别为3级，即：Class1、Class2、Class3（为叙述方便，本文用DP1、DP2、DP3代表3个动力定位设备等级）。

海工船DPS动力定位系统与故障模式与影响分析

ＤＰＳ０ＤＰＳＩＤＰＳ２ＤＰＳ３
二、动力定位系统
近几年来随着全球发展海洋战略；抢占海洋资源；国家也大力发展海洋经济。中国造船能力达到迅猛发展；海工项目在全世界占据的份额越来越大。动力定位系统应用前景越来越广。动力定位系统ＤＰＳ主要应用在石油平台供应船、海上装载船、电缆铺设船、铺管和重吊船、挖沟船、挖泥船、钻井
定范围。
以产生推力使船尽可能靠近所希望的位置
３．推力系统
一
般由数个推力器组成。推力器系统是动力定位系统的
一
个组成部分，用于产生力和力矩，来抗衡作用于船上的干
三、ＤＰＳ一２＆ＤＰＳ一３的结果分析和ＤＰ报警系统
影响分析（ＦＭＥＡ）作了分析。
关键词：动力定位；故障模式与影响分析
中图分类号：ＴＰ２７３文献标识码：Ａ文章编号：１００６－７９７３（２０１３）１１－Ｏ１５８一Ｏ２
表１
ＡＢＳ船级社
ＤＰＳ一０
ＳＡＭ
ＤＰＳ－Ｉ
ＡＭ／ＡＴ
ＤＰＳ一２
ＡＭ／ＡＴＲ
ＤＰＳ一３
ＡＭ／ＡＴＲＳ
ＤＮＶ船级社ＤＹＮＰＯＳ — ＡＵＴＳＤＹＮＰＯ￥一ＡＵＴＤＹＮＰＯＳ－ＡＵＴＲＤＹＮＰＯＳ — ＡＵＴＲＯ
定位系统ＤＰＳ，能在最大环境条件下，使船舶的位置和航向
保持在限定范围。

动力定位PPT

艏向测量设备：一般用来测量艏向常见的艏向测量设备有磁罗经和电罗经，现在又在发展以激光陀螺为传感器的新型导航设备。
罗经的基本原理
结构及原理（测量系统）
• 位置参考系统：
全球定位（GPS）过接收卫星所发射的信号，得到卫星所处的位簧并计算出卫星与用户的相对位置，从而最终确定接收机本身的位置。世界上的卫星系统：GPS，俄罗斯的GLONASS卫星定位系统，北斗卫星导航定位系统，伽利略卫星导航定位系统。
结构及原理（动力系统）
• 主要由动力机、分配网络和控制系统组成，提供执行部分对抗环境
扰动需要的能量。
• 动力机主要是柴油机、燃气轮机。 • 动力定位系统通常还配备一个不间断电源来预防电力故障，该电源
具有不受船舶交流电短期终端或波动影响，可以为动力定位系统中的计算机、控制台、报警器和测量系统供电。
发展及现状
•
第1代动力定位系统的控制器有模拟式和数字式两种，一般无冗余技术和风前馈控制技术，位置传感器单一。
环境因素：风、浪、流位置与艏向指令
控制器
推力器
船舶特性
位置测量系统
动力定位系统原理图
发展及现状
•
发展及现状
•
第2代动力定位系统，主要采用16位数字计算机作为数字控制器，系统中普遍采用了抗风前馈控制和冗余技术，位置传感器由单一型发展成综合型，增加了多个测量装置。
动方法将转速/螺距设置到零。
• 对于DP-2，当船舶出现严重故障，控制系统应自动转换至备用计算机系统。 • 对于DP-3 系统应设有一个自动备用系统，该备用系统的位置与主系统之间
采用A-60级分隔隔离。至少应有一个位置参照系统和一台罗经与备用系统相连接，并独立于主控制系统。备用系统应由操作者在主动力定位控制站或备用控制站启动，这种转换应确保任何单个故障不会使主控制系统和备用系统都不能工作。（也就是说，DP-3可以简单的理解为，2套系统，如果一套系统失效，另外一套系统可以继续工作）

动力定位系统DPS研讨一(DNV培训资料)

• IMO and class societies DP notations • IMO和船级社 DP 符号
• Typical operations vs. class notations • 典型操作 vs 等级符号
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Day 1 cont.
• DP Operation modes DP 操作模式 • Description of DP System DP系统的描述 • Notation requirements 符号要求
Typical operations vs. class notation
DYNPOS-AUT (Class 1):
- Bow loading - Marine operations > 500m from an installation
Typical operations vs. class notation
- Sensor system 传感器 - Associated cabling 联结电缆
DP Control System
• July 1989: The first ordinary平常的 rules • January 2001: Major upgrade • January 2005: Latest edition
History, rules and regulations
Consequence classes
• Autopilot mode:
- Automatic steering on predefined course - Using propeller(s) and rudder(s) or azimuth thrusters - Additional requirements if used for normal navigation

动力定位系统简介

动力定位系统简介船舶的动力定位系统从70 年代逐渐发展起来，在海洋工程、科学考察等领域有着重要的用途。

随着船舶电力推进的成熟和自动控制理论的发展，动力定位系统的性能也不断提高。

动力定位系统的组成：动力定位系统包括3 个分系统：动力系统、推力器系统和动力定位控制系统。

1.动力系统动力系统一般来说是给整个动力定位系统提供电力的。

一般的船舶电站可兼作动力系统，但应满足一些特殊要求。

输入（船位、控制器推力器; 输出（船位、推力器系统2.推力器系统作为动力定位系统执行部分，常用电动机或柴油机驱动的推进器。

主推进装置(包括其舵系统)可兼作动力定位系统的推力器，在船舶进入动力定位运作模式时，由动力定位系统的控制器进行控制。

为提高定位能力，主推进装置可设计为全回转推进器，例如Z 型推进、SSP 推进等。

一般各推力器的工作组合应产生横向、纵向推力及回转力矩。

3.动力定位控制系统包括控制器和测量系统。

a控制器指的是动力定位系统总的控制部分，一般采用计算机控制的方法。

b测量系统包括位置参照系统、电罗经、风向风速仪、倾角仪等，测量船舶的船位、艏向、纵倾横倾角等船舶状态，以及风向、风力、流速等环境条件，通过接口输入到控制器中。

控制器根据人工输入的船位和艏向，对测量系统提供的数据进行分析和运算，给出推力器的控制指令。

动力定位控制系统执行的功能可总结如下：（1）给出推力器的控制指令。

（2）测量船舶的船位、艏向等船舶状态。

（3）测量风向、风力等环境条件。

（4）接收各种操纵指令的人工输入。

（5）动力定位系统的故障检测及报警。

（6）动力定位系统工作状态的显示。

动力定位系统的系泊试验动力定位系统在进行系泊试验之前，应确认已取得本社颁发的产品证书，并确认布置和安装已严格按本社审批的图纸进行，采用的工艺满足本社有关规定。

动力系统系泊试验动力系统的各组成部分，如发电机、发电机原动机、主配电板等，应满足船舶建造检验的一般要求。

另外还应进行下列检验：a发电机组：一台发电机组不投入运行，并联运行其他发电机组，逐个启动几台功率较大的推力器电动机。

DP_动力定位系统

先讲DP的介绍：动力定位系统首先在海洋钻井船、平台支持船、潜水器支持船、管道和电缆敷设船、科学考查船和深海救生船上得到了应用，其主要原理是利用计算机对采集来的环境参数（风、浪、流），根据位置参照系统提供的位置，自动地进行计算，控制各推力器的推力大小，使船舶保持艏向和船位。

近年来，随着中国海洋开发事业的不断发展，具有动力定位性能的船舶在国内需求逐步增大。

为了更好地做好船级服务工作，满足国内需求，中国船级社于2000年开始立项对动力定位系统进行专题研究，目前已完成了《动力定位系统检验指南》（以下简称CCS指南）的编写工作。

下面就对CCS指南和世界上主要船级社的动力定位系统规范的内容作一个简单介绍。

一、规范的发展过程自1977年挪威船级社（DNV）出版了第一本动力定位系统试行规范后，英国劳氏船级社（LR）随后也出版了动力定位系统规范。

为了指导船东正确地操作动力定位系统船舶，英国能源部和挪威石油理事会于1983年联合出版了《Guidel ines for the specification and operation of dynamically positioned di ving support vessels》。

至此，动力定位系统方面的技术文件已比较完整。

由于大量的动力定位船舶的使用，而且动力定位系统的操作与船舶的作业安全密切相关，因此引起了IMO海安会的重视，在1994年的IMO 63届海安会上通过了M SC/Circ.645 《Guidelines for Vessels with Dynamic positioning system s》，该通函自1994年7月1日对新船生效。

此后，美国船级社（ABS）、德国船级社（GL）、法国船级社（BV）也相继出版了动力定位规范。

中国船级社于2 002年正式出版第一本动力定位规范。

二、船级符号船级符号是船级社授予船舶的一个等级标志，是保险公司对船舶及货物、工程作业等进行保险的重要依据。

DP_动力定位系统

近年来，随着中国海洋开发事业的不断发展，具有动力定位性能的船舶在国内需求逐步增大。

下面就对CCS指南和世界上主要船级社的动力定位系统规范的内容作一个简单介绍。

一、规范的发展过程自1977年挪威船级社（DNV）出版了第一本动力定位系统试行规范后，英国劳氏船级社（LR）随后也出版了动力定位系统规范。

至此，动力定位系统方面的技术文件已比较完整。

此后，美国船级社（ABS）、德国船级社（GL）、法国船级社（BV）也相继出版了动力定位规范。

中国船级社于2 002年正式出版第一本动力定位规范。

二、船级符号船级符号是船级社授予船舶的一个等级标志，是保险公司对船舶及货物、工程作业等进行保险的重要依据。

动力定位系统概况汇总

船舶动力定位概况一、船舶为什么需要“动力定位系统”？长期以来，船舶在近浅海和内陆水域里，人们都是采用抛锚技术来保持船位在水面上相对稳定。

这种定位技术的最大特点就是：锚必须牢固地抓住水下的固定物体（陆基），并且一旦锚通过锚链将船舶的位置固定后，船上的推进设备及其辅助设施和相应的控制系统便停止运行，完全处于停电（电力推进）和停油、停气（柴油机推进）工况。

但是，随着地球上人口的急剧增加，科学技术的飞速发展，人们的生活水平日益提高，世界对能源的需求量越来越大。

陆地上资源的开采和供应日趋极限，甚至出现紧缺的态势。

这就迫使世界各国必须把经济发展的重点转移到海洋上。

因为占地球总面积2/3以上的浩瀚大海里，有极其丰富的海水化学资源、海底矿产资源、海洋大量资源和海洋生物资源。

可以预料，21世纪将是人类全面步入海洋经济的时代，人们对海洋的探索和开发的范围将越来越广，对海洋的探索和开发的手段也越来越先进，对海洋探索和开发的领域由近海浅海日趋向远海深海发展。

目的只有一个，就是将浩瀚大海里的资源开发出来，供人类充分使用。

因而，世界各国便随之研究开发出各式各样的、不同类型的深远海作业的浮式生产系统，诸如半潜式钻井平台、多用途石油钻井平台供应船、科学考察船和海洋资源调查船等等。

这些浮式生产作业系统有一个共同的特点：就是在浩瀚深邃的大海上，能够按照人们的要求将其位置稳定在地球的某个坐标范围里；就像抛锚定位那样，将这些浮动的作业体牢牢地锁定在人们期望的浩瀚深邃的大海的某个位置上。

这便进一步诱发了世界各国对深远海作业的浮式生产系统的定位技术和系泊方式的研究。

在一般的近浅海水深情况下，浮式生产系统的系泊定位主要采用锚泊系统。

但是，随着水深的增加，锚泊系统的抓底力减小，抛锚的困难程度增加。

同时，锚泊系统的锚链长度和强度都要增加，进而使其重量剧增，这必然使海上布链抛锚作业变得更加复杂，其定位功能也会受到很大的限制，定位的效果也不尽人意。

动力定位培训课程设计

动力定位培训课程设计一、课程目标知识目标：1. 让学生掌握动力定位的基本概念，理解其在实际应用中的重要性。

2. 使学生了解动力定位系统的组成及工作原理，并能结合实际案例分析其应用。

3. 帮助学生掌握动力定位的相关计算方法，为后续专业课程打下基础。

技能目标：1. 培养学生运用动力定位知识解决实际问题的能力，提高学生的动手操作能力。

2. 培养学生团队协作和沟通能力，能在小组讨论中积极参与，共同完成任务。

3. 提高学生运用现代信息技术手段，如计算机软件，进行动力定位模拟和数据分析的能力。

情感态度价值观目标：1. 培养学生对动力定位技术及其应用的兴趣，激发学生的学习热情。

2. 培养学生严谨的科学态度，注重实践，勇于探索，敢于创新。

3. 增强学生的环保意识，认识到动力定位技术在保护海洋环境中的重要作用。

课程性质：本课程为专业实践课程，旨在培养学生的实际操作能力和解决实际问题的能力。

学生特点：学生已具备一定的物理和数学基础，具有较强的学习能力和探究精神。

教学要求：结合学生特点，注重理论与实践相结合，充分调动学生的主观能动性，提高学生的实践操作能力。

在教学过程中，注重分解课程目标，确保学生能够达到预期的学习成果。

二、教学内容1. 动力定位基本概念：定义、分类及发展历程。

2. 动力定位系统的组成：推进器、控制系统、传感器等。

3. 动力定位工作原理：动态定位、静态定位及转换过程。

4. 动力定位相关计算方法：数学模型、控制算法及优化方法。

5. 动力定位实际应用案例分析：船舶、海洋平台等领域的应用。

6. 动力定位模拟与数据分析：运用计算机软件进行模拟实验和数据分析。

教学内容安排与进度：第一周：动力定位基本概念及分类。

第二周：动力定位系统的组成及工作原理。

第三周：动力定位相关计算方法。

第四周：动力定位实际应用案例分析。

第五周：动力定位模拟与数据分析。

教材章节：第一章：动力定位概述。

第二章：动力定位系统组成及工作原理。

第三章：动力定位计算方法。

Praxis-Mega-Guard-DPS PPT (动力定位系统)

Dynamic Positioning Systemy g yMega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3DP Function Generalz Automatic control of vessel’s position and heading by activatingthrusters based upon data as received from position reference systemsI d d t J ti k C t l S tz Independent Joystick Control Systemz IMO DP1, IMO DP 2, IMO DP3, Class approval z DP/JC Operator Panel featuresy gJoystick and Heading knobintuitive operation via 7” TFT screenThrusters are by Distributed Processing z controlledunitsMega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3Available modelsz Mega-Guard JCJoystick Control System with optional position holding capability z Mega-Guard DP0Positioning SystemDynamicz Mega-Guard DP1Dynamic Positioning System with independent Joystick Control Systemz Mega-Guard DP2DynamicDual redundant Positioning System with independentJoystick Control Systemz Mega-Guard DP3Triple redundant Dynamic Positioning System with independent Joystick Control SystemMega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3ySystem OverviewMega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3System Lay-Outy yz A Mega-Guard JC system consists of the following:A System,Bridge,Joystick Control System installed on Bridge which includes:¾1x JC Operator Panel with Joystick and 7”TFT Screen¾1x JC Controller and JC Thruster ControllerJC Reference Sensors include typically:¾1xGyro and 1x Windp gOptional Reference Sensors in case Position Holding function:¾1x Position Reference System (e.g. DGPS) and 1x Vertical Reference System z Upgradable to Mega-Guard DP1, DP2 and DP3Mega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3ySystem OverviewMega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3System Lay-Outy yz A Mega-Guard DP0 system consists of the following: single DP Console installed BridgeA Console,on Bridge,which includes:¾DP Operator Panel with Joystick and 7”TFT Screen¾DP Controller and DP Thruster Controller¾DP Operator Workstation with 19-26” TFT and Printer¾Optional UPSReferenceDP0Sensors include:¾1x Position Reference System (e.g. DGPS), 1xGyro, 1x Wind and 1x Vertical Reference SystemMega-Guard DP1,DP3z Upgradable to Mega Guard DP2andMega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3ySystem OverviewMega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3System Lay-Outy yz A Mega-Guard DP1 system consists of the following: single DP Console installed BridgeA Console,on Bridge,which includes:¾1x DP Operator Panel with Joystick and 7”TFT Screen¾1x DP Controller and DP Thruster Controller¾1x DP Operator Workstation with 19-26” TFT and Printer¾1x UPSA installed on Bridge,which includes:Joystick Control System,¾1x JC Operator Panel with Joystick and 7”TFT Screen¾1x JC Controller and JC Thruster ControllerDP1R f S i l d t i ll(d d l d) Reference Sensors include typically(depends on class and owner):¾2x Position Reference System (e.g. DGPS, Laser Beam and Radar Beam), 2xGyro, 2x Wind and 2x Vertical Reference SystemU d bl t M G d DP2dz Upgradable to Mega-Guard DP2 and DP3Mega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3ySystem OverviewMega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3System Lay-Outy yz A Mega-Guard DP2 system consists of the following: dual DP Console installed on Bridge which includes:A Console,Bridge,¾2x DP Operator Panel with Joystick and 7”TFT Screen¾2x DP Controller and DP Thruster Controller¾2x DP Operator Workstation with 19-26” TFT and Printer¾2x UPSA installed on Bridge,which includes:Joystick Control System,¾1x JC Operator Panel with Joystick and 7”TFT Screen¾1x JC Controller and JC Thruster ControllerDP2R f S i l d t i ll(d d l d)Reference Sensors include typically(depends on class and owner):¾3x Position Reference System (e.g. DGPS, Laser Beam, Radar Beam, Taut Wire HPR), 3x Gyro, 2x Wind and 2x Vertical Reference SystemU d bl t M G d DP3z Upgradable to Mega-GuardMega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3ySystem OverviewMega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3y ySystem Lay-Outz A Mega-Guard DP3 system consists of the following:,g,A dual DP Console, installed on Bridge, which includes:¾2x DP Operator Panel with Joystick and 7”TFT Screen¾2x DP Controller and DP Thruster Controller¾2x DP Operator Workstation with 19-26” TFT and Printer¾2x UPSA single DP Console, installed on Alternative Location, which includes:¾1x DP Operator Panel with Joystick and 7”TFT Screen1C ll d Th C ll¾1x DP Controller and DP Thruster Controller¾1x DP Operator Workstation with 19-26” TFT and Printer¾1x UPSJoystick Control System installed on Bridge which includes:A System,Bridge,¾1x JC Operator Panel with Joystick and 7”TFT Screen¾1x JC Controller and JC Thruster ControllerReference Sensors include typicallyDP3(depends on class and owner):¾3x Position Reference System (e.g. DGPS, Laser Beam, Radar Beam, Taut Wire, HPR), 3xGyro, 3x Wind and 3x Vertical Reference SystemMega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3DP Bridge ConsolegMega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3DP/JC Controller Bulkhead mountingDuo-core technologySolid state disk: no movingcomponents (no hard disk)Including 12 or 20 NMEA portsRedundant Networking24VDC power supplyDP Controller and JC Controller areidenticalMega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3DP Workstation and DP Operator Panel pzDP Controller power supply 24VDC zDP 19-26”TFT screen power supply 24VDCzTrackerballz DP Operator Panel ppower supply 24VDCMega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3DP/JC Operator Panelpof7TFT Operator Panel,Joystick Consisting7”and Rate of Turn knob. 7”TFT Operator panel is equippedwith12pushbuttonsMega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3DP/JC Thruster IO ControllerMounting on DIN railDetachable terminal stripsShown with 1 Control Processor and2 x 16 channel Mixed IO ModuleInputs and outputs can beconfigured according requirementsR d d t Fi ldb i t f t DPRedundant Fieldbus interface toControllerThrusterDP Controller and JCThruster COntroller are identicalMega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3Mega-Guard DPControl Modesz DP Control modes are selected on the 7”TFT screenof the DP Operator Panel:Joystick Manual Heading modeJ i k A H di dJoystick Auto Heading modeAuto Position mode : including Manual Surge andManual Sway selection and Economic modeAuto Track mode (option)Target Follow mode(option)z Simulator Mode is selected on DP WorkstationMega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3Mega-Guardy gDP Joystick Manual Heading Modez The operator controls manually the position of the vessel via Joystickand the heading is controlled via the Heading KnobMega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3DP Joystick Auto Heading Modey gz The operator controls manually the position of the vessel via Joystick and the heading is kept automatically via the Set HeadingMega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3DP Auto Position Modez Station Keeping: the position of the vessel is kept automaticallyto Set Position and the heading is kept automatically to the Set Heading.J ti k M l S d S b l t d z Joystick Manual Surge and Sway can be selectedMega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3DP Auto Track Mode (option)(p)z The operator has the ability to fill in a way-point table on the DP Operator Workstation.In thisWorkstationmode the vessel moves automatically along pre-programmed tracks according to a Set Track Speed.speed(all thrusters used)or High Speedz Low(main thrusters used) can be selectedoperator changez The can track line and can stop on a track. Movement from one track to the other track is in accordance Radius,with the Set Turn Radius Set Track Speed and Set ROT.Mega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3DP Target Follow Mode (option)g(p)z This mode enables the vessel to automatically follow target thea moving and keeps vessel at a constant position relative to the target (Hold Relative Position to Target).Target)z The heading is equal to Set heading or can beset so that the bow of the vessel automaticallypoints to the Target.addition a Watch Circle can be set around the z In addition,target in which the vessel does not move..Mega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3DP Simulator Trainer Modez Simulation mode can only be entered when the thrusters individual(local).This mode isare in(local)used to train the operator in how to use and get familiar system.with the Mega-Guard DP systemz Upon entering this mode on the DP Workstation, thesystem will go in Joystick Manual Heading Mode. All other modes can be selected on the DP OperatorPanel and Sensors and Thrusters are simulated so that the operator gets a real feeling in moving the vessel with the Mega-Guard DPg gsystemMega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3DP Workstation: Diagram(2xAzi, 2xBow)g(z,)Mega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3DP Workstation: Diagram(2xCPP, 2xBow)g(,)Mega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3DP Workstation Map(2x Azimuth, 2x Bow)p(z,)Mega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3DP Workstation Map(3xAzimuth)p(z)Mega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3DP Workstation Map(2xCPP, 2xBow)p(,)Mega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3DP Workstation Capability Mimicp yMega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3DP Workstation Sensor MimicMega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3DP Workstation Alarm MimicMega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3DP Workstation Simulation MimicMega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3DP Workstation V essel MimicMega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3Mega-GuardgDP Workstation Diagram MimicMega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3DP Workstation Map MimicpMega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3DP Workstation Sensor MimicMega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3DP Workstation Alarm MimicMega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3pDGPS Popular Modelsz DGPS with IALA beacon and SBASC NA C NA V1000Make C-NA V Type C-NA V-1000z DGPS with Seastar L1 , IALA Beacon and SBASg ypMake: Fugro Type: 8200 IALAz DGPS with Veripos L1, IALA beacon and SBAS Make: SubSea7Type: LID3-G1z DGPS with Seastar L1/L2 and SBASMake: Fugro Type: 8200z DGPS with Veripos L1/L2 and SBASMake: SubSea7Type: LD2-G2Mega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3pDGPS / Glonass Popular Models/Glonass L1SBAS z DGPS with Veripos L1,IALA beacon and Make: SubSea7Type: LHD2-GG1/Glonassz DGPS with Seastar L1/L2and SBAS Make: Fugro Type: 9200-G2pz DGPS / Glonass with Veripos L1/L2 and SBAS Make: SubSea7Type: LD2-GG2Mega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3pDGPS Seastar: photoMega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3fLaser Position Referencez Ideal for accurate positioning (up to 20cmaround a platformaccuracy)platform.z Operating range (max distance to platform) 10 to 800 meter)800t)z Scope of supply:Laser sensor for deck mountingLaser WorkstationLaser target reflector to be mounted on platformg(y)z Maker: Guidance Navigation(CyScan laser)Mega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3Laser Position Referencefz Make: Guidance Navigation. Type: CyScanMega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3fRadar Position Referencez Ideal for accurate positioning (up to 20cmaround a platformaccuracy)platform.z Operating range (max distance to platform) 10 to 500 meter)500t)z Scope of supply:Radar sensor for deck mountingRadar WorkstationRadar transponder to be mounted on platformg()z Maker: Guidance Navigation(RadaScan)Mega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3fRadar Position Referencez Make: Guidance Navigation. Type: RadaScanMega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3Taut Wire Position Referencefz Independent positioning via a clump weight lowered to seabed tension.with cable under constant tensionz Operating range (max distance to clump weight): 200 meter.z Practical water depth: 100 to 300 meter ; optional 500 meterz Scope of Supply:Taut Wire Deck Winch with clump weightRemote Taut Wire Control Cabinetgyz Maker: Praxis Automation Technology BVz Brochure: see Praxis web siteMega-Guard DP0, DP1, DP2 and DP3。

动力定位操作员适任培训探讨

动力定位操作员适任培训探讨赵士涛;王新辉;赖强【摘要】通过讨论动力定位系统（DPS）的功能特性,以及对DP操作员（DPO）的技能要求,分析国外培训机构在开展DPO适任培训的可借鉴之处,探讨动力定位模拟器在DP操作员适任培训中的应用.【期刊名称】《广州航海学院学报》【年(卷),期】2016(024)003【总页数】3页(P60-62)【关键词】动力定位;海洋工程;航海模拟器【作者】赵士涛;王新辉;赖强【作者单位】广州航海学院海运学院,广东广州510725【正文语种】中文【中图分类】U676探索海洋、开发海洋、利用海洋、保护海洋是当前全球发展的新热点和竞争的新舞台.当前，我国也在大力发展海洋产业，特别是船舶工业和深海油气开采事业.但在海洋工程船舶或平台的装备、技术水平和操纵人员水平等方面仍存在差距，以及对其安全航行或操作的评估研究也需进一步提高.船舶的动力定位系统从70年代逐渐发展起来，在海洋工程、科学考察等领域有着重要的用途，其主要原理是利用计算机对采集来的环境参数(风、浪、流)，根据位置参照系统提供的位置，自动地进行计算，控制各推力器的推力大小，使船舶保持艏向和船位的“纹丝不动”.动力定位可以定义为：此系统通过专用的、灵活的推力自动控制船舶，使其保持自身的位置和航向.该系统不仅能精确、灵活地使船舶保持或离开当前位置，还可以克服水深或水下设备的限制.根据不同配置，动力定位系统可分为3级.中国船级社(CCS)的DP船级符号为DP-1，DP-2和DP-3.[1]DPS-1船舶在限定的最大环境条件下能够自动保持船舶的位置和航向并配有一个手动位置控制系统.DP-2系统是指单个故障(活动部件或系统)情况下或单个故障发生后，在指定的最大环境条件下，指定的操作范围内船舶自动保持位置和航向.DP-3系统是指单个故障(活动部件或系统)情况下或单个故障发生后，包括一舱失火或进水情况，在指定的最大环境条件下，指定的操作范围内船舶自动保持位置和航向.DP-3系统要求最高，它有主DP系统和备用DP系统，两套系统均可以正常控制动态系统，通常使用主DP系统，应急情况下使用备用DP系统.从DP结构图(如图1)可以看出DP系统较复杂，包括三个子系统：动力系统、推力器系统和DP控制系统.动力系统是给整个动力定位系统提供动力的.包括主动力与必要的辅助系统包括管道、发电机，配电盘，配电系统(电缆和电缆路由)，电源管理.推力器系统(包括舵系统)，为动力定位系统提供推力和方向控制.为提高定位能力，一般各推力器的工作组合应产生横向、纵向推力及回转力矩.动力定位控制系统包括计算机系统/操纵杆系统、位置参考系统、DP传感器系统、显示系统和相关电缆和路由.对整个系统的控制一般采用计算机控制，利用位置参照系统、电罗经、风向风速仪、倾角仪、传感器等，测量船舶的船位、艏向、纵倾横倾角等船舶状态，以及风向、风力、流速等环境条件，通过电缆输入到控制器中.控制器根据人工输入的船位和艏向，对测量系统提供的数据进行分析和运算，给出推力器的控制指令.[2]DP模拟器是DP操作员培训的主要设备，船型和视景与实船和实际交通环境分别具备高度相似性，芬兰Navis、挪威的Kongsberg maritime都已经研制出船舶动力定位模拟器.DP模拟器设备由仿真器和传感器两大部分组成.仿真器部分由DP 操作员站(主从各一台)、导师工作站、三维可视显示设备、以太网交换机、视频分配器、报警答应机和多个船舶模型组成.传感器部分包括差分GPS、电罗经、风速风向仪等.目前国内DP模拟器主要依靠进口.2.1 对DPO的技能要求DP操作员在DP系统中担任重要角色，其不仅要能够精确操纵船舶比如港内航行或锚泊钻井平台等，而且也需面对DP系统中复杂的信息，一直监控该系统并能察觉到系统异常或变化且给出正确适当的应对措施，比如风流传感器失灵或恶劣海况的情况.在实际操作该系统时，经常要接近钻井平台或其他昂贵设备，因此对DP 操作员(DPO)来说，要保证能采取安全有效的操作.对于DP系统来说，一旦发生故障时非常危险的，这要求DPO对DPS要非常熟悉，并且能快速做出反应来应对突发故障.因此DPO的主要任务是异常事件处理(AEM)，包括：发现异常事件，判定根本原因所在，采取适当的操作措施使系统回归正常安全模式.探讨和发展利用DP模拟器开展DP操作员的培训，可以对海洋工程产业提供一定程度的人才支持.STCW78/95公约强调了人的技能评估的重要性，将海员培训以知识为基础转变为以技能为基础，对现行的航海教育提出了新的要求.为了保证以技能为主的海员培训能够实现，STCW78/95公约对海员获得适任证书所需的各种功能分别提出“知识和理解”及“训练和技能的评估”的要求前一项中包括“适任性评估”，如：1)认可的工作经历；2)认可的船上实习；3)认可的模拟器训练；4)实验设备训练.但是，以技能为基础并不是只要技能而不要知识，而是包括各种职责范围内的所有能力，如实际动手能力、分析问题能力和解决问题的实际能力等.2.2 DPO培训课程航海学会(Nautical institute)制定出DPO的培训方案.该培训方案分为岸上培训课程和海上DP实习.[3]岸上培训课程包括入门课程和模拟器课程(DP操作、DP警报和应急程序操作等).每门课程都要持续4到5天.入门课程主要是根据模拟的DP系统学习基本理论和基本操作，包括DP原理、DP构成、环境传感器和辅助设备、DP系统实际运行、位置参考系统、动力和推进、DP操作等.模拟器课程是在完成60天海上实习后开展，主要包括DP操作、DP警报和应急程序操作等.海上实习分为主动(Active)DP训练和被动(Passive)DP训练.目前，国内DP操作员的培训主要依靠国外的培训机构来完成，这些培训机构根据自身设备和区域特点制定出基于操作和情景课程.Kongsberg课程内容包括原理和操作：DP定义、构成，DP可靠性和各等级要求；DP的功能和原理；各种DP船舶及DP操作，传感器及其使用；位置参考系统简介和DP系统所用的位置测量；船舶性能，DP重要性分析和DP性能分析；推进与操纵系统；动力系统和断路预防；DP作业操纵流程和DP系统操作流程；DP事故学习；DP系统使用原则. Nautitec提供动力定位的定义、操作和设备的简介：近岸工程的发展历程；海洋工程船舶及推进系统；DP功能和操作，DP等级1-3；DP操作员培训；风险评估；模拟器实操练习Navis Engineering课程详细介绍DP系统的构成及其操纵原则：DP系统构成；DP原理和DP操作模式；位置参考系统及传感器；动力产生、分配和管理；船舶性能和可靠性；标准和操作指南；DP船舶事故分析.当然，也可以根据公司或客户的需求来设计培训内容，比如应急培训、故障探测和单独训练、偶发事件应对培训和公司特定程序培训等，不断丰富和发展DP模拟器在海洋工程中的作用.[4]DP模拟器作为一种先进的技术手段，应该充分发掘和拓展其功能.今后可不断完善培训细则来指导DP操作员培训；依据DP模拟器的特点及DP船舶或者平台所处环境等制定合理的模拟方案，让DP模拟器更好服务于海洋工程.【相关文献】[1] 王欢.基于深海钻井平台动态定位系统的研究[J].武汉船舶职业技术学院学报.2010，9(6)：26-28.[2] 钱炜.动力定位系统DPS在海洋工程中的广泛应用[J].机电设备.2010，27(5)：23-25.[3] 陈析.论航海模拟器对海员适任能力的培训和评估[J].中国水运：理论版.2007，5(4)：35-36.[4] 郑荣才，宋健力，黎琼，等.船舶动力定位系统[J].中国惯性技术学报[J].2013，21(4)：495-505.。