英汉翻译3. Aamplification增词法PPT教学课件
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第二讲增词法和省略法PPT课件
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Ⅰ. Amplification in English-Chinese
Translation增词法在汉英翻译中的运用
搭配性增词
增词法
结构性增词
解释性增词
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搭配性增词
定义
搭配性增词的产生是因为英语和汉语词类不对称所致。如 汉语中存在的量词、助词和语气词等是英语中没有的，在 翻译过程中要根据情况添加。这类增词不影响内容，主要 考虑搭配习惯，故称为搭配性增词。
• Something about music and a coffee break in the afternoon. • 像放背景音乐啦，下午安排工间喝咖啡休息时间什么的。
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3） Supplying Words of Generalization 增加概括词
• Sino-British links have multiplied—— political, commercial, educational, cultural, defense, science and technology.
• 中英两国在政治、商务、教育、文化、国防和科技等领域的 交往成倍地增加。
• The thesis summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers, artificial satellites and rockets.
• 论文总结了电子计算机、人造卫星和火箭三方面的成就。 • The principal functions that may be performed by vacuum
一棵树
• a flower 一朵花
第九讲-增词法(1)PPT课件
Eg. 1)A full moon is rising from the east. 一轮明月从东方升起。 2)A beautiful face is the best letter of recommendation. 一张漂亮脸蛋就是一封最好的介绍信。 3) a tree, three donkeys, ten cinemas 一棵树，三头驴，十座影院 4) Oh , you frightened me. 啊，你吓了我一跳。 5)On hearing what I said, she gave me an angry look. 听了我的话，她生气地瞪了我一眼。 6)have a rest, have a discussion, give a kick 休息一下，讨论一番，踢一脚
5.增补副词 Eg. 1) The crowds melted away. 人群渐渐散开了。 2)On hearing the sad news, she sank down onto the
bed and burst out crying. 听到噩耗，她一屁股坐到床上，嚎啕大哭起来。
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6.增补名量后
Eg. 1)He got his doctor’s degree at Cambridge in 2002. 2002年他在剑桥大学获得了博士学位。
2)At day’s end Tom headed home in his Ford. 日暮时分，汤姆驾驶着他的福特轿车往家里赶。 (4)在抽象名词之后（表范畴）
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7.增补语气词
Eg.1)Don’t take it seriously. I’m just joking. 别当真嘛，我不过是开个玩笑罢了。 2)Do what I say— or else! 照我说的做，不然的话——哼！ 3) As for me, I didn’t agree from the very beginning. 我呢，从一开始就不赞成。 8.增补概括词 Eg.1)China and Canada have reached an
5.增补副词 Eg. 1) The crowds melted away. 人群渐渐散开了。 2)On hearing the sad news, she sank down onto the
bed and burst out crying. 听到噩耗，她一屁股坐到床上，嚎啕大哭起来。
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6.增补名量后
Eg. 1)He got his doctor’s degree at Cambridge in 2002. 2002年他在剑桥大学获得了博士学位。
2)At day’s end Tom headed home in his Ford. 日暮时分，汤姆驾驶着他的福特轿车往家里赶。 (4)在抽象名词之后（表范畴）
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7.增补语气词
Eg.1)Don’t take it seriously. I’m just joking. 别当真嘛，我不过是开个玩笑罢了。 2)Do what I say— or else! 照我说的做，不然的话——哼！ 3) As for me, I didn’t agree from the very beginning. 我呢，从一开始就不赞成。 8.增补概括词 Eg.1)China and Canada have reached an
第六章 词类的增减ppt
6. 增补范畴词 由动词或形容词几加后缀-tion, -ness等派生出来 的名词， 如： Backwardness: 落后面貌/落后状态 Preparation: 准备工作 sadness: 悲观 主义 1. This is the best solution to your problem. 这是你那个问题最好的解决方案。 2. He was a patriotic, adventurous and romantic writer. 他是一个具有爱国热情、探索精神和浪漫风格 的作家。
9. 增补语气助词
1. Don’t take it seriously. I’m just making fun of you. 不要认真嘛！我不过开开玩笑罢了。 2. As for me, I didn’t agree from the very beginning. 我呢， 从一开始就不赞成。 3. The little boy had brought with him knife, scissors and so on, tinkling in his pocket. • 这个小孩随身带着刀子啦，剪子啦，以及诸如此 类的东西，在口袋里顶铃当啷地直响。
8. 增补某些概括性的词语 1. The paper discussed language teaching and language research. 论文讨论了语言教学和语言研究两方面的内容。 2. Note that the words “ foxy”, “mean” and “ generous” require explanation. 请注意：“狡猾的”、“吝啬的”和“慷慨的”这 三个词需要解释一下。 3. The United States, China, England,France and Japan are now cooperation. 美、中、英、法、日等五国正在合作。
英汉翻译3. Aamplification增词法PPT教学课件
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6． Amplification by supplying words of explanation
▪ 27）Le Monde, the B.B.C., the New York Times, the entire Arab press,all quote Heikal at length.
▪ 28）I am in charge of the depot, only I. People will hold me responsible but not you .
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1. Amplification by supplying adjectives and adverbs
▪ 14）Transition
▪ 15）Development
▪ 16）Processing
▪ 17）Preparation
▪ 18）Tension
▪ 19）Backwardness
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▪ 20）“According to Dr. John,” he said, “the patient’s life is still in danger.
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▪ 10）I had never thought I’d be happy to find myself considered unimportant. But this time I was.
▪ 11）The United States, England and France
▪ 34）耳朵是用来听声音的2/10
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3. Amplifying by adding necessary connectives
文字增益法(Amplification)PPT教学课件
也更忠实、通顺、流畅。
1.增补动词
Books must follow sciences,and not sciences books.(Francis Bacon) 书籍必须随科学出现，而科学不能随书籍产生。
In this mood, I went to the diplomatic circles,earnest but only sketchily . 我怀着这样的心情进入了外交界，虽有满腔热情，但知识肤浅得
很。
Men are generally more careful of the breed of their horses and dogs than of their children.
人们饲养马与狗的细心程度，一般要超过抚育自己的子女。
Histories make men wise;poets witty;the mathematics subtile;natural philosophy deep;moral grave;logic and rhetoric able to contend.
敌对态度
Tension
紧张局势
Arrogance
自满情绪
Complacency
自满情绪
Madness
疯狂行为
Backwardness
落后状态
Rashness
急躁情绪
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The first and the hardest task of the new government was to deal with the ever-growing unemployment.
男人们虽然把那些眉开眼笑、脸色鲜嫩、脾气温和、心地善良、不明世 事的小东西当作 神明似的供奉在家里，太太小姐们却更佩服女中豪杰； 而且两相比起来，女中豪杰更值得颂扬和赞美。源自2020/12/105
1.增补动词
Books must follow sciences,and not sciences books.(Francis Bacon) 书籍必须随科学出现，而科学不能随书籍产生。
In this mood, I went to the diplomatic circles,earnest but only sketchily . 我怀着这样的心情进入了外交界，虽有满腔热情，但知识肤浅得
很。
Men are generally more careful of the breed of their horses and dogs than of their children.
人们饲养马与狗的细心程度，一般要超过抚育自己的子女。
Histories make men wise;poets witty;the mathematics subtile;natural philosophy deep;moral grave;logic and rhetoric able to contend.
敌对态度
Tension
紧张局势
Arrogance
自满情绪
Complacency
自满情绪
Madness
疯狂行为
Backwardness
落后状态
Rashness
急躁情绪
2020/12/10
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The first and the hardest task of the new government was to deal with the ever-growing unemployment.
男人们虽然把那些眉开眼笑、脸色鲜嫩、脾气温和、心地善良、不明世 事的小东西当作 神明似的供奉在家里，太太小姐们却更佩服女中豪杰； 而且两相比起来，女中豪杰更值得颂扬和赞美。源自2020/12/105
大学英语-翻译课件-Translation_Techniques_1_Amplification
What are the Eight translation skills?
1) conversion 2) division 3) inversion 4) negation 正说反译法, 反说正译法 5) amplification 6) omission 7) the change of voices 8) repetition
译文一：她觉得手里和唇上都是花儿，胸中 也生长着花儿。
译文二：她觉得她好像手里拿着花，嘴里吻 着花，连胸中也生出了花。
In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqué.
II. Classification of Amplification
I Lexical Amplification（从词汇上考虑的增词）
This kind of amplification includes: amplification by supplying such kinds of words as verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, numerals, category words, generalization words, and the plural forms of nouns. These kinds of words are amplified so that they can express the intended or implied lexical or contextual meanings of the SL text clearly and exactly, or in other words, they are amplified so as to make the implied lexical meanings in the SL text concrete, clear, and idiomatic.
第七讲 增词法上
第七讲增词法（上）2010年课件2010-04-18 23:41:54 阅读211 评论0 字号：大中小订阅英汉翻译2010.2—2010.6第七讲翻译方法与技巧词汇篇（3）增词法（上）? 增词法（amplification):亦称增词或增益法，指的是在英汉翻译中适当增加原文中无其形而有其义的词语，以使译文自然通顺，完整、贴切地表达原文的思想内容。
? 翻译时倘若过于拘泥于原文的表达形式，采用一对一的逐词死译，往往就会使译文生硬晦涩，令人费解，有时甚至背离原文的意思。
? 但是，增词法并不意味着译者可以随心所欲、任意地添枝加叶，而必须遵守一条基本原则：? ——增加原文字面虽未出现，但却为其实际内容所包含的词语。
? 增词一般用于以下三种情况：? 一是为了意义上的需要；? 二是为了修辞上的需要；? 三是为了语法（句法）上的需要。
根据意义上或修辞上的需要? 一、增加量词? 1）由于英语中没有量词，数词（包括不定冠词a）与可数名词往往直接联用，而汉语却往往要借助量词。
因此翻译时应根据汉语表达习惯恰当地增加表示其形状、特征或材料的量词。
? a bike 一辆自行车? a mouth 一张嘴? a full moon 一轮满月? a wooden ruler，a metal spoon，acoin，atinlid，a pencil and a rubber eraser.? 一把木尺、一把金属匙、一枚硬币、一个铁盒盖、一枝铅笔和一块橡皮。
? A red sun rises slowly from thesea.raise? 一轮红日从海面冉冉升起。
? I found a coin and handed it to thepolice.Family 家庭单数家人复数Class 班级单数同学们复数Fish 可数鱼不可数鱼肉 a piece of fish? 我发现了一枚硬币，交给了警察。
? A light pink is spreading to thesoutheast.? 一抹浅红，正在向东南方扩散。
第4讲英汉翻译中的增词法和减词法
2.1 语法角度 2.1.2省略连接词 1）He looked gloomy and troubled.
2）If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 3) Come if you like.
2.1.3省略冠词
英语有冠词，汉语没有冠词，因此，英译汉时往往可将 冠词省略。
1.2.8 “be”开头的让步状语从句
(1)Be the shape of a body complicated, it is possible to find out its volume.
(2)All magnets behave the same, be they large or small.
1.1 语法的需要（英汉差异）
1.1.1英语中的名词为复数形式时
(1) I saw bubbles rising from under the water.
(2) The first electronic computers went into operation in 1945.
(3) Cargo insurance is to protect the trader from losses that many dangers may cause.
(2) The sun rose thinly from the sea.
(3) A stream was winding its ways through the valley into the river.
1.2 语义的需要（意义表达）
1.2.1 抽象名词
(1) Oxidation will make iron and steel rusty.
省略译法的目的是为了使译文简明扼要、通顺。要特 别注意，省略法不是，也不能删去其中的内容。
2）If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 3) Come if you like.
2.1.3省略冠词
英语有冠词，汉语没有冠词，因此，英译汉时往往可将 冠词省略。
1.2.8 “be”开头的让步状语从句
(1)Be the shape of a body complicated, it is possible to find out its volume.
(2)All magnets behave the same, be they large or small.
1.1 语法的需要（英汉差异）
1.1.1英语中的名词为复数形式时
(1) I saw bubbles rising from under the water.
(2) The first electronic computers went into operation in 1945.
(3) Cargo insurance is to protect the trader from losses that many dangers may cause.
(2) The sun rose thinly from the sea.
(3) A stream was winding its ways through the valley into the river.
1.2 语义的需要（意义表达）
1.2.1 抽象名词
(1) Oxidation will make iron and steel rusty.
省略译法的目的是为了使译文简明扼要、通顺。要特 别注意，省略法不是，也不能删去其中的内容。
英语翻译增词法ppt课件
美日双方在完全保密的情况下互相交换了信件。
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Sino –British links have multiplied—political, commercial, educational cultural, defense ，science and technology.
直译：中英联系成倍增加—政治、商务、教育、文化、国防和科技。 增译：中英两国在政治、商务、教育、文化、国防和科技方面的联系 成倍增加。
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Don’t get angry. I’m just making fun of you.
不要生气嘛！我不过开开玩笑罢了。
A red sun is rising slowly on the horizon.
一轮红日正从地平线上冉冉升起。
Make a stop and have a rest.
停一下，歇一会儿。
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增加承上启下的词 Rain or shine, I’ll go there.
雨也罢，晴也罢，我都要去那。
We have fulfilled our work ahead of schedule, so have they.
我们提前完成了我们的工作，他们也提前完成了他们的工作。
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We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other—of everything but our host and hostess.
我们谈到自己， 谈到前途， 谈到旅程， 谈到天气， 谈到彼此的情 况，——谈到一切，只是不谈我们的男女主人。
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2). He ate and drank, for he was exhausted.
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Sino –British links have multiplied—political, commercial, educational cultural, defense ，science and technology.
直译：中英联系成倍增加—政治、商务、教育、文化、国防和科技。 增译：中英两国在政治、商务、教育、文化、国防和科技方面的联系 成倍增加。
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Don’t get angry. I’m just making fun of you.
不要生气嘛！我不过开开玩笑罢了。
A red sun is rising slowly on the horizon.
一轮红日正从地平线上冉冉升起。
Make a stop and have a rest.
停一下，歇一会儿。
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增加承上启下的词 Rain or shine, I’ll go there.
雨也罢，晴也罢，我都要去那。
We have fulfilled our work ahead of schedule, so have they.
我们提前完成了我们的工作，他们也提前完成了他们的工作。
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We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other—of everything but our host and hostess.
我们谈到自己， 谈到前途， 谈到旅程， 谈到天气， 谈到彼此的情 况，——谈到一切，只是不谈我们的男女主人。
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2). He ate and drank, for he was exhausted.
Amplification 翻译PPT2014.0915 (1)
• Remember ,it is not just your right to vote ,but your patriotic duty as an American. • 别忘了，投票不仅仅是行使你的权力，也是你 作为一个美国公民的责任。（增补动词） • And he launched into a speech ,eloquently advocating his army of future.(增补副词) • 接着他发表了长篇大论，振振有词地把他心目 中的未来的英雄鼓吹了一番。（增补副词）
For vividness emphasis
• 1) It was a crime so quick ,so mean ,so harsh ,it shocked even veteran crime investigators.
• 这桩案件发生速度之快、性质之恶劣、 手段之残忍，就连身经百战的办案人员 也感到无比震惊。
Amplification
• Three conditions to be used
• 1) For grammatical use • 2) For meaningful use • 3)For rhetorical use
Add Appropriate Quantifiers
• • • • • • a dog 一只狗 an apple 一个苹果 a pen 一支笔 an useful book 一本有用的书 an expensive bag 一个很贵的包 a hard-working worker 一位 辛 工 劳工作的人
Express Tense Style Tone
• It would have been only courteous to kneel at the proper time ,as all did ,since I had voluntarily come to the church .
文字增益法(amplification)-精共20页PPT
文字增益法(amplification)-精
36、如果我们国家的法律中只有某种 神灵， 而不是 殚精竭 虑将神 灵揉进 宪法， 总体上 来说， 法律就 会更好 。—— 马克·吐 温 37、纲纪废弃之日，便是暴政兴起之 时。— —威·皮 物特
38、若是没有公众舆论的支持，法律 是丝毫 没有力 量的。 ——菲 力普斯 39、一个判例造出另一个判例，它们 迅速累 聚，进 而变成 法律。 ——朱 尼厄斯
40、人类法律，事物有规律，这是不 容忽视 的。— —爱献 生
6、最大的骄傲于最大的自卑都表示心灵的最软弱无力。——斯宾诺莎 7、自知之明是最难得的知识。—地避开思考的方法。——赫尔普斯 10、阅读一切好书如同和过去最杰出的人谈话。——笛卡儿
Thank you
36、如果我们国家的法律中只有某种 神灵， 而不是 殚精竭 虑将神 灵揉进 宪法， 总体上 来说， 法律就 会更好 。—— 马克·吐 温 37、纲纪废弃之日，便是暴政兴起之 时。— —威·皮 物特
38、若是没有公众舆论的支持，法律 是丝毫 没有力 量的。 ——菲 力普斯 39、一个判例造出另一个判例，它们 迅速累 聚，进 而变成 法律。 ——朱 尼厄斯
40、人类法律，事物有规律，这是不 容忽视 的。— —爱献 生
6、最大的骄傲于最大的自卑都表示心灵的最软弱无力。——斯宾诺莎 7、自知之明是最难得的知识。—地避开思考的方法。——赫尔普斯 10、阅读一切好书如同和过去最杰出的人谈话。——笛卡儿
Thank you
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▪ 14）Transition
▪ 15）Development
▪ 16）Processing
▪ 17）Preparation
▪ 18）Tension
▪ 19）Backwardness
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▪ 20）“AБайду номын сангаасcording to Dr. John,” he said, “the patient’s life is still in danger.
▪ 25）Then a little over a decade ago, Professor Hoyle, Bondi, and Gold, working at Cambridge, proposed an entirely different scheme.
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▪ 26）The bond between mathematics and the life sciences has been strengthened by the emergence of a whole group of applied mathematics specialities, such as biometrics, psychometrics, and econometrics.
▪ 11）Very acute problems exist among them.
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4.Amplification by supplying nouns
▪ 12 ） He ate and drank, for he was
exhausted.
▪ 13）Oxidation will make metals rusty.
4. Aamplification
▪ 增减重复的金科玉律为：增词不增意，减 词不减意。
▪ presidential historian
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I. Amplification in English-Chinese Translation
▪ 1. Amplification by supplying words omitted in the original:
▪ 9)A list of all the ways that diesel power is used would take pages.
▪ 10）They drove in a black limousine, past groves of birch trees and endless rows of identical new building.
▪ 1)Sounds are classified into two kinds: sonic and ultrasonic.
▪ 2)Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness, thrift avarice.
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3. Amplification by supplying words to convey the concept of Plurality
▪ 7)There were rows of houses which he had never seen before.
▪ 8)The mountains began to throw their long blue shadows over the valley.
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5.Amplification by supplying words of generalization
▪ 23）The American and Japanese conducted a completely secret exchange of message.
▪ 24 ） The thesis summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers, artificial satellites and rockets.
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6． Amplification by supplying words of explanation
▪ 27）Le Monde, the B.B.C., the New York Times, the entire Arab press,all quote Heikal at length.
▪ 4)This victory in polemics means the victory of civilization over ignorance, of science over superstition and of truth over falsehood.
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2. Amplification by supplying necessary connectives
▪ 5)Heated, water will change into vapor. ▪ 6)It was the best of times, it was the
worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity.
The first aid must be rendered as soon as possible.”
▪ 21 ） This is a passage quoted from Mark Twain.
▪ 22）He was wrinkled and black, with scant gray hair.
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▪ 3)Inorganic chemistry is linked closely to geology, mineralogy, and metallurgy; organic chemistry to physiology, biochemistry, and biology in general.