桉树对土壤肥力影响

桉树对土壤肥力的影响

1 桉树的相关概述

1 related overview of the eucalyptus

1.1 桉树简介

1.1 eucalyptus introduction

桉树是桃金娘科桉树属的总称,属常绿乔木。树皮粗厚而宿存或平滑而年年脱落,有挥发性芳香油,同松树、杨树一起成为全球最速生、经济价值最大、生态和社会效益最高的三大树种。一百多年前我国开始引种桉树,初期只是小规模的引种试验或观赏性质的树种;近年来桉树人工林的规模迅速发展,国内总的种植面积已达154万公顷,仅次于印度和巴西,主要分布在两广地区、云贵川地区、福建和海南等长江以南地区。

The floorboard of the eucalyptus is myrtaceae eucalyptus, evergreen trees. Bark thick and persistent or smooth and loss year after year, have a volatile balmy oil, become the world's fast-growing with pine, poplar, the economic value of the three largest and most ecological and social benefits. Early one hundred years ago began to introduction of eucalyptus in China, only small-scale introduction experiment or ornamental quality tree species; The size of the rapid development of eucalyptus plantation in recent years, domestic total planting area of 1.54 million hectares, is second only to India and Brazil, are mainly distributed in areas, YunGuiChuan areas of guangdong, fujian and hainan region south of the Yangtze river.

1.2 eucalyptus purposes

桉树的经济效益比较客观,主要用在以下方面:第一个重要的用途就是纤维材,桉树造纸广泛的应用在我国江淮一带的纸浆厂,桉树纤维材还可以用于生产纤维板和刨花板,近年来华南的纤维板厂正逐步建立和完善并正向环保型纤维板生产方向发展;第二桉树是质量上成外部美观的家具装饰用材,多用于高档次的建筑物和室内装饰,不但质量好,而且十分美观;第三桉油是用途良好的医药和香料原料,其中史密斯桉、直杆蓝桉、亮果桉等是产油较高的树种。最后桉树在园林绿化和生态林建设方面的应用十分广泛。

The economic benefits of eucalyptus is more objective, mainly used in the following aspects: the first is important use fiber material, eucalyptus is widely used in paper pulp mill of jianghuai area in our country, eucalyptus fibre material can also be used for production of fiberboard and particleboard, fiberboard factory in south China in recent years is gradually establish and perfect and is environmentally friendly fiberboard production direction; Second on the quality of eucalyptus is into external beautiful furniture, decoration material used in high-grade building and interior decoration, not only of good quality, and very beautiful; Third eucalyptus oil is use good raw material medicine and spices, including eucalyptus, straight rod Smith is eucalyptus globulus, bright fruit such as eucalyptus oil high tree species. Finally eucalyptus in landscaping and the application of the construction of ecological forest is very extensive.

1.3 the influence of eucalyptus

桉树人工林大面积发展可能会导致土地肥力衰退,这种衰退主要表现在两方面:一方面桉树因其速生性,其生长过程需要由土地供给大量的养分,因而对土壤肥力的消耗较大;另一方面,桉树林地的管理方式不科学,如不论土壤条件,改变了土壤结构,减少了地表的植被覆盖,进而导致林地土壤水分下渗量减少和水土流失的严重问题。

Could lead to widespread development of eucalyptus plantation land fertility decline, the decline is mainly manifested in two aspects: on the one hand, eucalyptus because its speed is, the growth process of land supply has to be a lot of nutrients, thus for the consumption of soil fertility; Eucalyptus forest, on the other hand, the management is not science, such as whether soil conditions, change the soil structure, reduced the surface vegetation cover, leading to reduced the volume of forest land soil water infiltration and the serious problem of soil erosion.

2 土壤肥力

2 the soil fertility

2.1 土壤肥力的界定

2.1 definition of soil fertility

土壤是林业生产的首要因素,常以N、P、K和有机质等养分的含量来衡量土壤肥力的高低。土壤肥力是土地生产力的基础,土壤肥力是土壤为植物生长提供营养和环境条件的能力,是土壤基本性质的综合体现。苏联土壤学家威廉士对土