经济管理专业英语ppt课件
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管理经济学ppt课件
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*
Schedule
Section I : Preliminaries & Demand Theory Section II : Production & Cost Of Production Section III: Theory Of Market Structure Section IV: Application Of Game Theory
X
Y
*
*
例
U（X，Y）=X2+2XY+Y2=（X+Y）2 则，MRS=MUX/MUY=1
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*
二．消费者选择
预算线： 收入I，商品X与Y的价格为（PX，PY），则预算约束为：PX X+PY Y≤I
X
Y
斜率=-PX/PY
*
*
预算线的移动
收入变动 价格变动
PX下降
PX上升
*
*
消费者剩余
Customer Surplus
Q
P
10
9
8
1
2
3
◇消费者愿意为第一个产品 支付10元；为第二个产品 支付9元；为第三个产品支 付8元；… ◇现在按市场价格P=8购买 3个产品，实际支付24元， 所以，获得剩余为 （10-8）+（9-8）=3 ◇若连续变动，则剩余为 ∑（Pi-P*）=∫∞P*D（P）dP
产品消费者
土地所有者
管理人员
劳动力的 提供者
工程技术人员
体力劳动者
资本所有者
*
*
三．企业理论
企业的边界 企业本质上是将监督外部交易活动转化为内部控制 交易成本 Vs．代理成本 Coase定理（1937）：
*
Schedule
Section I : Preliminaries & Demand Theory Section II : Production & Cost Of Production Section III: Theory Of Market Structure Section IV: Application Of Game Theory
X
Y
*
*
例
U（X，Y）=X2+2XY+Y2=（X+Y）2 则，MRS=MUX/MUY=1
*
*
二．消费者选择
预算线： 收入I，商品X与Y的价格为（PX，PY），则预算约束为：PX X+PY Y≤I
X
Y
斜率=-PX/PY
*
*
预算线的移动
收入变动 价格变动
PX下降
PX上升
*
*
消费者剩余
Customer Surplus
Q
P
10
9
8
1
2
3
◇消费者愿意为第一个产品 支付10元；为第二个产品 支付9元；为第三个产品支 付8元；… ◇现在按市场价格P=8购买 3个产品，实际支付24元， 所以，获得剩余为 （10-8）+（9-8）=3 ◇若连续变动，则剩余为 ∑（Pi-P*）=∫∞P*D（P）dP
产品消费者
土地所有者
管理人员
劳动力的 提供者
工程技术人员
体力劳动者
资本所有者
*
*
三．企业理论
企业的边界 企业本质上是将监督外部交易活动转化为内部控制 交易成本 Vs．代理成本 Coase定理（1937）：
管理经济学英文课件 (1)
TC 900 Time Series 800 Data 834
+ C 1 Q + C 2 Q2 Q 20 15 19 Q2 400 225 361
R-square = .91 Adj R-square = .90 N = 35
Slide 3
PROBLEMS: 1. Write the cost regression as an equation. 2. Find the AC and MC functions.
• Ln TC = .03 + .35 Ln W + .65 Ln R + 1.21 Ln Q (.01) (.24) (.33) (.08)
R2 = .563
• parentheses contain standard errors
Slide 11
Discussion
• Cement plants are Constant Returns if the coefficient on Ln Q were 1 • 1.21 is more than 1, which appears to be Decreasing Returns to Scale. • TEST: t = (1.21 -1 ) /.08 = 2.65 • Small Sample, d.f. = 13 - 3 -1 = 9 • critical t = 2.262 • We reject constant returns to scale.
Slide 5
Estimating LR Cost Relationships
• Use a CROSS SECTION of firms
» SR costs usually uses a time series AC
+ C 1 Q + C 2 Q2 Q 20 15 19 Q2 400 225 361
R-square = .91 Adj R-square = .90 N = 35
Slide 3
PROBLEMS: 1. Write the cost regression as an equation. 2. Find the AC and MC functions.
• Ln TC = .03 + .35 Ln W + .65 Ln R + 1.21 Ln Q (.01) (.24) (.33) (.08)
R2 = .563
• parentheses contain standard errors
Slide 11
Discussion
• Cement plants are Constant Returns if the coefficient on Ln Q were 1 • 1.21 is more than 1, which appears to be Decreasing Returns to Scale. • TEST: t = (1.21 -1 ) /.08 = 2.65 • Small Sample, d.f. = 13 - 3 -1 = 9 • critical t = 2.262 • We reject constant returns to scale.
Slide 5
Estimating LR Cost Relationships
• Use a CROSS SECTION of firms
» SR costs usually uses a time series AC
经济管理专业英语PPT
1. Controlled by the executive branch of the government(政府行政机构)
2. Change the tax rates (税率）and the government spending（政府支出）
However,the policies
are not alaways effective, the businness cycle is difficult to predict,and our reflects of the economy are often delay.
Macroeconomic Policy
——Chen Mengxin
policy makers fiscal policy
（财政政策）
monetary policy
(货币政策）
monetary policy
1. Controlled by the fed（美联储）
2. Change the stock of money（货 币存量） or the discount rate（贴现率）
monetary policy
economy the stock of money discount rate expansionary monetary policy
Consumption,Investment and the Net Exports
AD move to right
GDP and the price
monetary policy
LRAS
价格水平 2005=100
100 98 B
SRASAΒιβλιοθήκη AD2AD113.8
14.0
实际GDP(美元）
2. Change the tax rates (税率）and the government spending（政府支出）
However,the policies
are not alaways effective, the businness cycle is difficult to predict,and our reflects of the economy are often delay.
Macroeconomic Policy
——Chen Mengxin
policy makers fiscal policy
（财政政策）
monetary policy
(货币政策）
monetary policy
1. Controlled by the fed（美联储）
2. Change the stock of money（货 币存量） or the discount rate（贴现率）
monetary policy
economy the stock of money discount rate expansionary monetary policy
Consumption,Investment and the Net Exports
AD move to right
GDP and the price
monetary policy
LRAS
价格水平 2005=100
100 98 B
SRASAΒιβλιοθήκη AD2AD113.8
14.0
实际GDP(美元）
管理专业英语完整版PPT培训课件
Scientific management: This theory emphasizes the use of scientific methods to improve work efficiency and productivity It emphasizes the standardization of work processes, the use of time and motion studies, and the development of job descriptions and instructions
Analysis
目录
• Improvement of Management Professional English Application Ability
• Summary and Outlook
目录
01
Introduction
Training objectives and significance
Organization development
Organization development is a management approach that emphasizes changes and development in organizations It uses a variety of techniques to help organizations improve their performance, including team building, training, and reconstruction
Overview of Training Content
Management related English documents
MBA管理经济学ppt课件
~ If shut down, firm loses amount equal to TFC
2. If produce, what is the optimal output level?
~ If firm does produce, then how much? ~ Produce amount that maximizes economic profit
profit‐maximizing output and profit
11-2
Perfect Competition
❖Firms are price-takers
~ Each produces only a very small portion of total market or industry output
~ Managers should ignore profit margin (average profit) when making optimal decisions
A verageprofit (PA T C)Q QQ
P A T C P r o fit m a r g in
costs
11-7
Profit Margin (or Average Profit)
❖Level of output that maximizes total profit occurs at a higher level than the output that maximizes profit margin (& average profit)
~ Perfectly elastic
❖Marginal revenue equals price
~ Demand curve is also marginal revenue curve
2. If produce, what is the optimal output level?
~ If firm does produce, then how much? ~ Produce amount that maximizes economic profit
profit‐maximizing output and profit
11-2
Perfect Competition
❖Firms are price-takers
~ Each produces only a very small portion of total market or industry output
~ Managers should ignore profit margin (average profit) when making optimal decisions
A verageprofit (PA T C)Q QQ
P A T C P r o fit m a r g in
costs
11-7
Profit Margin (or Average Profit)
❖Level of output that maximizes total profit occurs at a higher level than the output that maximizes profit margin (& average profit)
~ Perfectly elastic
❖Marginal revenue equals price
~ Demand curve is also marginal revenue curve
经济学专业英语 课件.ppt
• capital formation(machines, factories,roads) • Technology(science,engineering,management,ent
repreneurship)
an increase in labor supply
• பைடு நூலகம்n increasing labor supply can genetate more output.
• Diminishing returns
If the capital stock remains fixed while labor increases, it is likely that the new labor will be less productive than the old labor.
• 3.What do you think of Chinese economic growth ?
• the four wheels of growth: • human resouces(labor
suply,education,discipline,motivation)
• natural resources(land,minerals,fuels,
enviromental quality)
Capital equipment produces in one year can add to the value of a product over many
years.
increases in human capital
• Individuals • Firms • Government
increases in productivity
repreneurship)
an increase in labor supply
• பைடு நூலகம்n increasing labor supply can genetate more output.
• Diminishing returns
If the capital stock remains fixed while labor increases, it is likely that the new labor will be less productive than the old labor.
• 3.What do you think of Chinese economic growth ?
• the four wheels of growth: • human resouces(labor
suply,education,discipline,motivation)
• natural resources(land,minerals,fuels,
enviromental quality)
Capital equipment produces in one year can add to the value of a product over many
years.
increases in human capital
• Individuals • Firms • Government
increases in productivity
Unit15 经济发展 (《工商管理英语》PPT课件)
（4）：y=f(k) 方程中y=Y/L 而k=K/L 现在从方程4中我们可以看到k与经济增长之间的关系。如果k高，工人平均可以工作的 资本就多，附加的单位“k”几乎将对总产出或生产没有影响。当 “k”低时，工人几乎没有 可以工作的资本，附加的资本单位将对产出产生更大的影响。
现在我们可以介绍商品的需求和消费功能。在我们简单的模式中商品的需求来自于两个
国家的产出并因此决定公民的幸福。因此选择稳态很重要。所以我们想挑选一个可以将 公民福利最大化的稳态水平。如果你回忆的话，我们的简单经济模式中只有两件事可以 做：消费或投资。因此我们希望选择一个产出的稳态水平，可以将消费最大化并由此使 整个国家的福利最大化。那个稳态水平称为金箴资本水平。
那么我们如何确定稳态的金箴资本水平。请回忆我们需要的方程：
从图表15－7我们可以看到金箴资本水平是如何发挥作用的。虚线的右边稳态资本的增 加降低消费，而虚线的左边稳态资本的增加增加消费。虚线代表的只有一个稳态水平 实际上能使我们的社会消费最大化。
最后，我们可以考察两个更现实的问题，因为它们与经济增长有关。第一个问题是技术
（8）：i=sy 这是一个非常有趣的结果。我们已经发现的是，在简单的模式中每个工人的投资“i”与 工人们节省的收入相等。即，投资等于节约。因此，到现在为止我们所知道的是两方 面的：
在任何特定的时间一个经济可以生产的商品的数量是由方程４或y=f(k)所决定的，k等于每 个工人的股本（K/L）。 节余率“s”决定消费与投资之间的分配。 因此我们现在知道什么决定产出，资本－劳动力之比。我们提出的这个简单的模式被称
长过程。举个例子，假设我们希望考察泰国的大米生产及电脑的高科技组件。我们任意选 择这两种商品，我们可以选择几乎任何感兴趣的东西。然而，我们的选择必须要有普遍性， 能使我们了解我们正在研究的国家。我们选择大米，它需要大量的劳动力和土地。我们选 择需要比劳动力更多资本的高科技商品（即工厂及设备）。这样，我们所选择的商品的确 在泰国生产，而且它们也是需要不同比例的资本和劳动力的商品。
现在我们可以介绍商品的需求和消费功能。在我们简单的模式中商品的需求来自于两个
国家的产出并因此决定公民的幸福。因此选择稳态很重要。所以我们想挑选一个可以将 公民福利最大化的稳态水平。如果你回忆的话，我们的简单经济模式中只有两件事可以 做：消费或投资。因此我们希望选择一个产出的稳态水平，可以将消费最大化并由此使 整个国家的福利最大化。那个稳态水平称为金箴资本水平。
那么我们如何确定稳态的金箴资本水平。请回忆我们需要的方程：
从图表15－7我们可以看到金箴资本水平是如何发挥作用的。虚线的右边稳态资本的增 加降低消费，而虚线的左边稳态资本的增加增加消费。虚线代表的只有一个稳态水平 实际上能使我们的社会消费最大化。
最后，我们可以考察两个更现实的问题，因为它们与经济增长有关。第一个问题是技术
（8）：i=sy 这是一个非常有趣的结果。我们已经发现的是，在简单的模式中每个工人的投资“i”与 工人们节省的收入相等。即，投资等于节约。因此，到现在为止我们所知道的是两方 面的：
在任何特定的时间一个经济可以生产的商品的数量是由方程４或y=f(k)所决定的，k等于每 个工人的股本（K/L）。 节余率“s”决定消费与投资之间的分配。 因此我们现在知道什么决定产出，资本－劳动力之比。我们提出的这个简单的模式被称
长过程。举个例子，假设我们希望考察泰国的大米生产及电脑的高科技组件。我们任意选 择这两种商品，我们可以选择几乎任何感兴趣的东西。然而，我们的选择必须要有普遍性， 能使我们了解我们正在研究的国家。我们选择大米，它需要大量的劳动力和土地。我们选 择需要比劳动力更多资本的高科技商品（即工厂及设备）。这样，我们所选择的商品的确 在泰国生产，而且它们也是需要不同比例的资本和劳动力的商品。
经济管理(李开复英文演讲)PPT课件
Quayle vs. Benson Debate:
Quayle: "I have as much experience in the Congress as Jack Kennedy did when he sought the presidency." Answer 1: “Jack Kennedy is better than you.” Answer 2: "Senator, I served with Jack Kennedy. I knew Jack Kennedy. Jack Kennedy was a friend of mine. Senator, you're no Jack Kennedy.“
The ONE clear walk-away message.
The answer to the question: “How was the talk?” The one thing people remember in 3 months
The Origin Point Persuasion
The Key Point
-- Richard M. Nixon
Don’t overdo it!!!
Vocal+Verbal : Words+Intonation
John Kennedy:
“You need to contribute to your country” “Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country”.
Show emotion! Most of the time:
“I care a lot about this.” “I really believe in this.” “I love my work.”
Quayle: "I have as much experience in the Congress as Jack Kennedy did when he sought the presidency." Answer 1: “Jack Kennedy is better than you.” Answer 2: "Senator, I served with Jack Kennedy. I knew Jack Kennedy. Jack Kennedy was a friend of mine. Senator, you're no Jack Kennedy.“
The ONE clear walk-away message.
The answer to the question: “How was the talk?” The one thing people remember in 3 months
The Origin Point Persuasion
The Key Point
-- Richard M. Nixon
Don’t overdo it!!!
Vocal+Verbal : Words+Intonation
John Kennedy:
“You need to contribute to your country” “Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country”.
Show emotion! Most of the time:
“I care a lot about this.” “I really believe in this.” “I love my work.”
经济学专业英语教程第四版下课件Unit5
What is appropriate for an investor in this
4.2 Perform security analysis
The second step in the investment process, performing security analysis, involves examining a number of individual securities (or groups of securities) within the broad categories of financial assets previously identified. One purpose for conducting such examination is to identify those securities that currently appear to be mispriced.
4. Investment process
4.1 Set investment policy 4.2 Perform security analysis 4.3 Construct a portfolio 4.4 Revise the portfolio 4.5 Evaluate the performance of the portfolio
It may be transferred to another investor, and with it will go all its rights and conditions. Therefore, the term security is used to refer to a legal representation of
4.1 Set investment policy
4.2 Perform security analysis
The second step in the investment process, performing security analysis, involves examining a number of individual securities (or groups of securities) within the broad categories of financial assets previously identified. One purpose for conducting such examination is to identify those securities that currently appear to be mispriced.
4. Investment process
4.1 Set investment policy 4.2 Perform security analysis 4.3 Construct a portfolio 4.4 Revise the portfolio 4.5 Evaluate the performance of the portfolio
It may be transferred to another investor, and with it will go all its rights and conditions. Therefore, the term security is used to refer to a legal representation of
4.1 Set investment policy
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实际GDP
衰退开始
实际GDP长期趋势
2014年8月
开始使用扩张性政策， 未意识到衰退已经结束
2015年6月
.
translation
• 政策制定者可以自由地运用两大类政策影响经济。货币 政策由联邦储备系统管理，其政策工具是调节货币储备， 调节利率——贴现率——联邦储备系统借款给银行的利率 和一些经由银行系统实施的控制。财政政策由国会控制， 通常通过政府行政机构发挥作用，它的政策工具是税率和 政府支出。
Macroeconomic Policy
——Chen Mengxin
.
policy makers
monetary policy
(货币政策）
.
fiscal policy
（财政政策）
monetary policy
1. Controlled by the fed（美联储）
2. Change the stock of money（货 币存量） or the discount rate（贴现率）
AD1
AD2
14.0 14.2
contractionary monetary policy (紧缩性货币政. 策）
实际GDP(美元）
fiscal policy
1. Controlled by the executive branch of the government(政府行政机构)
2. Change the tax rates (税率）and the government spending（政府支出）
• 宏观经济政策的核心问题之一就是货币与财政政策对宏 观经济政策的影响难以充分预测，他们并不是在一定的时 间和范围内来影响需求和供给的。这两个不确定是平衡政 策的核心问题。平衡政策就是被计划用于缓和经济波动— —尤其是经济增长率、通货膨胀率和失业比率波动的货币 和财政政策。
• 最近的通货膨胀率和失业率的波动强烈地表明平衡政 策还没有完全成功地在一定范围控制住通货膨胀和失业。
.
However,the policies
are not alaways effective, the businness cycle is difficult to predict,and our reflects of the economy are often delay.
.
扩张性政策加深 了通货膨胀率
.
感谢亲观看此幻灯片，此课件部分内容来源于网络， 如有侵权请及时联系我们删除，谢谢配合！
.
monetary policy
价格水平 2005=100
LRAS
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
SRAS
100
B
A
98
AD2 AD1
13.8
14.0
expansionary monetary policy (扩张性货.币政策）
实际GDP(美元）
monetary policy
economy
the stock of money discount rate
contractionary monetary policy
Consumption,Investment and the Net Exports
AD move to left
GDP and the price
.
monetary policy
价格水平 2005=100
102
LRAS A
SRAS
100 B
.
monetary policy
economy
the stock of money discount rate
expansionary monetary policy
Consumption,Investment and the Net Exports
AD move to right
GDP and the price
衰退开始
实际GDP长期趋势
2014年8月
开始使用扩张性政策， 未意识到衰退已经结束
2015年6月
.
translation
• 政策制定者可以自由地运用两大类政策影响经济。货币 政策由联邦储备系统管理，其政策工具是调节货币储备， 调节利率——贴现率——联邦储备系统借款给银行的利率 和一些经由银行系统实施的控制。财政政策由国会控制， 通常通过政府行政机构发挥作用，它的政策工具是税率和 政府支出。
Macroeconomic Policy
——Chen Mengxin
.
policy makers
monetary policy
(货币政策）
.
fiscal policy
（财政政策）
monetary policy
1. Controlled by the fed（美联储）
2. Change the stock of money（货 币存量） or the discount rate（贴现率）
AD1
AD2
14.0 14.2
contractionary monetary policy (紧缩性货币政. 策）
实际GDP(美元）
fiscal policy
1. Controlled by the executive branch of the government(政府行政机构)
2. Change the tax rates (税率）and the government spending（政府支出）
• 宏观经济政策的核心问题之一就是货币与财政政策对宏 观经济政策的影响难以充分预测，他们并不是在一定的时 间和范围内来影响需求和供给的。这两个不确定是平衡政 策的核心问题。平衡政策就是被计划用于缓和经济波动— —尤其是经济增长率、通货膨胀率和失业比率波动的货币 和财政政策。
• 最近的通货膨胀率和失业率的波动强烈地表明平衡政 策还没有完全成功地在一定范围控制住通货膨胀和失业。
.
However,the policies
are not alaways effective, the businness cycle is difficult to predict,and our reflects of the economy are often delay.
.
扩张性政策加深 了通货膨胀率
.
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.
monetary policy
价格水平 2005=100
LRAS
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
SRAS
100
B
A
98
AD2 AD1
13.8
14.0
expansionary monetary policy (扩张性货.币政策）
实际GDP(美元）
monetary policy
economy
the stock of money discount rate
contractionary monetary policy
Consumption,Investment and the Net Exports
AD move to left
GDP and the price
.
monetary policy
价格水平 2005=100
102
LRAS A
SRAS
100 B
.
monetary policy
economy
the stock of money discount rate
expansionary monetary policy
Consumption,Investment and the Net Exports
AD move to right
GDP and the price