土木工程专业英语课件
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土木工程专业英语(翻译)课件.
给钢束灌浆通常跟随孔道畅通无阻之后。
钢束灌浆之前，孔道应畅通无阻。
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1.1.2 翻译的标准
“信”与“达”是辨证统一的：
“信”是“达”的基础，不忠实的译文再通顺也无 意义；
“达”是“信”的保证，不通顺的译文会影响译文 的质量。
“信”与“达”相结合的原则。
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1.1.3 翻译的过程
在经济的发展中，修建现代化道路的重要性不能过分估计。 在经济发展中，修建现代化道路的重要性无论怎么估计也 不过分。
can not + over = can not … too…无论如何…也不过分.
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1.1.2 翻译的标准
2. A novel solution to car which runs out of control into
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Байду номын сангаас
1.1.1 翻译的任务
专业英语的翻译就要求翻译者在英语、汉语和专
业知识等方面都具有良好的素质和修养。
从某种意义上说，专业英语的翻译同文学类的英 语翻译一样，也是一个再创作的过程。
需要掌握翻译的方法和技巧，不断提高语言文字 水平以及文化、专业知识水平，并在实践中不断 地磨练。
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bridge abutments and the like has become popular in
North America although not yet in Europe.
对于汽车失去控制撞到墩柱上等等类似的问题，尽管在欧洲 还未找到解决的办法，然而在北美已经有了新的很普遍的解 决办法.
土木工程专业英语unit-82课件
5.Both central and space-conditioning systems consist of the following: _____; _____; _____; _____.
6.An air-conditioning process describes the change in thermodynamic properties of moist air between the initial and final stages of conditioning as well as the corresponding _____between the _____and_____, such as water, refrigerant, absorbent, adsorbent, or moist air itself.
Translate the following terms into English.
冷水机组
压缩循环冷却器
直膨式蒸发器
满液式蒸发器
风管
制冷循环
过热气体
Байду номын сангаас
过冷夜体
高温制冷
中央空调系统
Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text.
I am waiting for my secretary, was the boy’s answer.
replace/ substitute for
bad adverse disadvantageous
Exercises（练习）
I. Read the whole passage and answer the following questions.
6.An air-conditioning process describes the change in thermodynamic properties of moist air between the initial and final stages of conditioning as well as the corresponding _____between the _____and_____, such as water, refrigerant, absorbent, adsorbent, or moist air itself.
Translate the following terms into English.
冷水机组
压缩循环冷却器
直膨式蒸发器
满液式蒸发器
风管
制冷循环
过热气体
Байду номын сангаас
过冷夜体
高温制冷
中央空调系统
Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text.
I am waiting for my secretary, was the boy’s answer.
replace/ substitute for
bad adverse disadvantageous
Exercises（练习）
I. Read the whole passage and answer the following questions.
同济大学出版社土木工程专业英语Unit4ppt课件
As you can see already from the variety of materials, forces, and shapes mentioned, Mechanics of Engineering Materials is of interest to（对..有价值）all fields of engineering. The engineer uses the principles of Mechanics of Materials to determine if the material properties and the dimensions of a member are adequate to（足以）ensure that it can carry its loads safely and without excessive distortion. In general（通 常）, then, we are interested in both the safe load that a member can carry and the associated （ 相 关 的 ） deformation. Engineering design would be a simple process if the designer could take into consideration（考 虑） the loads and the mechanical properties of the materials, manipulate（利用）an equation, and arrive at（得到）suitable dimensions.
where f is the stress at which the material fails (failure to be defined later) and n is the safety factor. 这里，f 为材料失效（失效在下文有定义）时的应力， 而n为安全系数。 It might at first（起先）seem that the designer would always dimension（选定..的尺寸）the cross section（横 截 面 ） so that the stress would exactly equal the allowable stress. However, it may be very costly to produce parts that have nonstandard sizes, so it is usually more economical to waste some material by selecting the next（接近的）larger standard size above that required by the allowable stress. Departure from（背离）standard sizes is justified（合理的） in cases where the penalty （ 不 利 后 果 ） for excess weight is very severe, as in aircraft（航天器）or space-ship（宇宙飞船）design.
土木工程专业英语unit63课件
花费了3年时间修建，于2004年正式通车。
It is funny Standing on the bridge overlook the valley, especially when the mist lingering in the valley under the bridge, you will feel burst of dazzling.
The World’s Top Ten Most Incredible Bridges
Bridges have developed greatly from the original transportation hub to its contemporary forms.The bridges have become more sophisticated in techniques and more diversified in expression.
石南花芯研究室设计的会打卷的桥位 于伦敦帕丁顿区。
It works as a steel pedestrian bridge like an ordinary one.
平时看起来就是一座普通的钢结构人 行桥。
Crucially, the bridge can curl and roll to form a circle to allow the boat moored in the inlet to sail in and out(驶进、驶出).
半坡大桥位于首尔市连接瑞草区和 龙山区，是一个令人印象深刻的双 层桥。
It has come to be most notably recognized for a decent addition, (the Banpo Bridge Fountain). The addition of this highly distinguishing characteristic has made this bridge over the Han River a very popular attraction.
It is funny Standing on the bridge overlook the valley, especially when the mist lingering in the valley under the bridge, you will feel burst of dazzling.
The World’s Top Ten Most Incredible Bridges
Bridges have developed greatly from the original transportation hub to its contemporary forms.The bridges have become more sophisticated in techniques and more diversified in expression.
石南花芯研究室设计的会打卷的桥位 于伦敦帕丁顿区。
It works as a steel pedestrian bridge like an ordinary one.
平时看起来就是一座普通的钢结构人 行桥。
Crucially, the bridge can curl and roll to form a circle to allow the boat moored in the inlet to sail in and out(驶进、驶出).
半坡大桥位于首尔市连接瑞草区和 龙山区，是一个令人印象深刻的双 层桥。
It has come to be most notably recognized for a decent addition, (the Banpo Bridge Fountain). The addition of this highly distinguishing characteristic has made this bridge over the Han River a very popular attraction.
土木专业英语英文课程PPT课件
14. grain[grein] n.谷物, 谷类, 谷粒, 细粒, 颗粒，纹理，粒面 15. silicon [`silikәn] n.[化] 硅，硅元素 16. Manganese [`mæŋgəni:z]n.<化>锰 (元素符号为Mn) Magnesium[mæ `ni:zjәm]n.镁(元素符号为Mg) Calcium[`kæ lsiәm]n.钙 17. seashell [`si:ʃel]n.海贝壳海贝，贝壳 18. negligible[`neglidӡәbl] adj.可以忽略的, 不予重视的，微不足道的 19. synthetic [sin`Ѳetic] adj.合成的, 人造的, 综合的 20. resin [`rezin] n.树脂,胶质,人造树脂 vt. 涂树脂于 21.thermosetting [ֽΘә:mәu`setiŋ]adj.热硬化性的,热凝性的,热固性的
lju:] n.场所`]In lieu of =instead of
lieu
透露 ,告知 ,传授 ,)指抽象事物(in)+part vt.给予.=im(v.前缀，←（im`pɑ:t]] ）Im2part
Lesson 18 Building Materials P158
NEW WORDS AND PHRASES 1.elasticity [ilæ s'tisiti] n. 弹性，弹力，弹性力学 2.stiffness ['stifnis] n.坚硬, 硬度 劲度，刚度 3.secular ['sekjulә] adj.长期的, 世俗的，现世的，非宗教的 4.temple ['templ] n. 坦普尔(姓氏) 庙，寺，神殿，教堂 5.pyramid [`pirәmid]n.金字塔,叠罗汉金字塔,四面体(角锥、棱椎),
土木工程专业英语45933PPT课件
除了仅仅作为住处之外，由土木工程师建造的住处提供了一个和 平而舒适的生活。
Since then, the term civil engineer has often been to refer to engineers who build public facilities, although the field is much broader.
运输工程是人和物安全而有效运动的学科，它是土木工程的一个 子学科。
The planning aspects of transportation engineering relate to urban planning, and involve technical forecasting decisions and political factors.
舒适而安全的生活。
The engineering marvels of the world, starting from the pyramids to today’s shell structure, are the results of the development in civil engineering.
由于在任何运输系统中，旅客的运输需求最大，因此在运输工程
中旅客的运输成为了焦点。 第7页/共41页
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Contents
Fluid mechanics, hydraulics and hydraulic machines, in this branch of engineering, civil engineers deal with the properties and behavior of fluids at rest or in motion.
Since then, the term civil engineer has often been to refer to engineers who build public facilities, although the field is much broader.
运输工程是人和物安全而有效运动的学科，它是土木工程的一个 子学科。
The planning aspects of transportation engineering relate to urban planning, and involve technical forecasting decisions and political factors.
舒适而安全的生活。
The engineering marvels of the world, starting from the pyramids to today’s shell structure, are the results of the development in civil engineering.
由于在任何运输系统中，旅客的运输需求最大，因此在运输工程
中旅客的运输成为了焦点。 第7页/共41页
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Contents
Fluid mechanics, hydraulics and hydraulic machines, in this branch of engineering, civil engineers deal with the properties and behavior of fluids at rest or in motion.
土木工程专业英语介绍ppt课件
Some of the civil engineering specialty
the Leaning Tower of Pisa 比萨斜塔
China Central Television 中央电视台
Burj Dubai
迪拜塔
high-rise buildings 高层建筑
Tall building 高耸建筑
road and bridge(道路与桥梁) Employment oriented: the road transport department, engaged in road, city road, bridge and tunnel engineering exploration and design, test, maintenance and repair technology and management.
industry and civil architecture(工业和民用建筑)
Industrial and civil construction mainly for the construction enterprises, the installation unit, design units, the owners, supervision and management departments at all levels of training in the practical and technical talents construction technology, project management, construction engineering budget, engineering construction supervision etc. Many aspects of industrial and civil buildings after graduation to participate in the architectural design units, construction units, construction engineering budget, engineering budget audit, supervision of construction projects, enterprises and institutions infrastructure management work.
土木工程专业英语(第二版-段兵延)第1课课件
Environmental specialists study the project’s impact on the local area： the potential for air and groundwater pollution，the project’s impact on local animal and plant life，and how the project can be designed to meet government requirements aimed at protecting the environment．
• Subcontractor=sub(次、下)+contractor(承包商) • Combustible=combust(燃烧)+ible(可能的)=可燃的
学习交流PPT
3
Words
• 2. geotechnical [dʒi:əu'teknikəl]岩土工程的
• geo-[构词成分]：地球、土地
materials and labor，schedule all work，order materials and equipment
for the job，hire contractors and subcontractors，and perform other
supervisory work to ensure the project is completed on time and as
从那以后，土木工程这个术语已经被用来指那些修建公 共设施的工程师们，尽管这个领域比以前更广。
学习交流PPT
8
Scope 范围
•
Because it is so broad，civil engineering is subdivided into a number
• Subcontractor=sub(次、下)+contractor(承包商) • Combustible=combust(燃烧)+ible(可能的)=可燃的
学习交流PPT
3
Words
• 2. geotechnical [dʒi:əu'teknikəl]岩土工程的
• geo-[构词成分]：地球、土地
materials and labor，schedule all work，order materials and equipment
for the job，hire contractors and subcontractors，and perform other
supervisory work to ensure the project is completed on time and as
从那以后，土木工程这个术语已经被用来指那些修建公 共设施的工程师们，尽管这个领域比以前更广。
学习交流PPT
8
Scope 范围
•
Because it is so broad，civil engineering is subdivided into a number
土木工程专业英语课件
01
02
03
Structural analysis methods
Wood
Wood is a natural material that is strong, lightweight, and easy to work with It is commonly used for framing and flooring
Glass
Glass is transparent and can be used for windows or partitions It also has good insulation properties and is often used in combination with other materials like concrete or steel
These methods use mathematical models to predict the behavior of structures under various loading conditions
Experimental methods
These methods involve testing actual models or full scale structures to understand their behavior under different loading scenarios
Computational methods
These methods use computers to simulate the behavior of structures under various loading conditions using numerical analysis techniques
02
03
Structural analysis methods
Wood
Wood is a natural material that is strong, lightweight, and easy to work with It is commonly used for framing and flooring
Glass
Glass is transparent and can be used for windows or partitions It also has good insulation properties and is often used in combination with other materials like concrete or steel
These methods use mathematical models to predict the behavior of structures under various loading conditions
Experimental methods
These methods involve testing actual models or full scale structures to understand their behavior under different loading scenarios
Computational methods
These methods use computers to simulate the behavior of structures under various loading conditions using numerical analysis techniques
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The sizes of footing are determined by dividing the loads to be imposed at the base of the footing by the allowable bearing pressure which can be imposed on the soil or rock of the earth. 基础的尺寸是由可能施加在基础底部的荷载除以地基土 和岩石能够承担的容许承载力来确定的。 Most building codes and textbooks on foundation contain tables listing allowable bearing pressure for various types of soil and rock; however, these tables give only general classifications and descriptions of the soil or rock and must be used with caution. 大部分建筑规范和教科书关于基础部分都包括不同类型 土体或岩石的容许支撑力图表。然而，这些图表仅仅 给了一个对土体或岩石粗略分类的描述。因此，使用 时必须小心。
2. 长句、难句分析 长句、 Exam. 1 the sizes of footings are determined by dividing the loads to be imposed at the base of the footing by the allowable bearing pressure which can be imposed on the soil or rock of the earth. [分析 这里的两个 是造成翻译困难的主要原因。第一个 与determine搭 分析] 是造成翻译困难的主要原因。 分析 这里的两个by是造成翻译困难的主要原因 第一个by与 搭 第二个by与 搭配（ ）。搞清了这个关系 配，第二个 与divide搭配（divided by）。搞清了这个关系，翻译不难。 搭配 ）。搞清了这个关系，翻译不难。 [参考翻译 基础的大小由上部结构传至基础底部的荷载除以承受该荷载的土 参考翻译] 参考翻译 或岩石的容许应力来决定。 或岩石的容许应力来决定。 Exam. 2 Mat or raft foundations are large, thick, and usually heavily reinforced concrete mats which transfer loads from a number of columns or columns and walls to the underlying soil or rock. [分析 此处翻译的争议点在于对 分析] 的处理。有人翻译为： 分析 此处翻译的争议点在于对heavily reinforced 的处理。有人翻译为： 重量大。本人认为： 是配筋的意思， 重量大。本人认为： reinforced是配筋的意思， heavily reinforced 是指配 是配筋的意思 筋很重，即配筋量大。虽然，其结果肯定会引起重量加大， 筋很重，即配筋量大。虽然，其结果肯定会引起重量加大，但翻译成配筋量 大更准确、更容易学生理解。 大更准确、更容易学生理解。 参考译文1：板式基础或筏式基础通常是一些面积、 参考译文 ：板式基础或筏式基础通常是一些面积、厚度及配筋量都很大的钢 筋混凝土板块，其作用是将柱子或柱子和墙上的荷载传到下卧土层或岩层中。 筋混凝土板块，其作用是将柱子或柱子和墙上的荷载传到下卧土层或岩层中。 参考译文2： 参考译文 ：板式基础或筏式基础通常指把柱子或柱子和墙上的荷载传到下卧 土层或岩层中的面积、厚度及配筋量都很大的钢筋混凝土板块。 土层或岩层中的面积、厚度及配筋量都很大的钢筋混凝土板块。
The foundation for an earth-fill dam would be the natural soil or rock on which the dam is placed. 对于一个挡土坝，“foundation”可能指的是为大坝提 供支持力的天然土地或岩石。 Concrete footings or piles and pile caps are often referred to as foundations without including the soil or rock on which or in which they are placed. 混凝土基础或桩基或桩承台通常指的就是 “foundation”，不包括为基础提供支持力的土体或岩 石。 The installed elements and the natural soil or rock of the earth form a foundation system; the soil and rock provide the ultimate support of the system. 已就位的基础和天然土体或岩石形成了一个基础系统， 土体和岩石提供了系统的最终支持力。
Foundations that are installed may be either soil-bearing or rock-bearing. 已就位的基础或者是由土地支撑或者是由岩石支撑。 The reactions of the soil or rock to the imposed loads generally determined how well the foundation system functions. 施加的荷载时，土体或岩石的反应决定了基础系统功 能的好坏。 In designing the installed portions, the designer must determine the safe pressure which can be used on the soil or rock and the amount of total settlement and differential settlement which the structure can withstand. 在选择就位点时，设计者必须决定安全压力，即作 用在土体或岩石上并且结构能承受的整体建筑物和不 同建筑物作用的荷载量。
Footings. Footings or spread foundations are used to spread tபைடு நூலகம்e loads from columns or walls to the underlying soil or rock. 基础。独立基础或扩展基础被用作将来自柱或墙的 基础 荷载扩散到下面的土体或岩石。 Normally, footings are constructed of reinforced concrete. However, under some circumstances they may be constructed of plain concrete or masonry. 一般说来，基础由钢筋混凝土构成。然而，在一些情 况下，它们也许由素混凝土或者砂浆构成。 When each footing supports only one column, it is square. 当一个基础只支撑一个柱的时候，它是方形的。
Structures or other constructed works are supported on the earth by foundations. 建筑物或其它的构造物是由土地上的基础支撑的。 The word "foundation" may mean the earth itself, something placed in or on the earth to provide support, or a combination of the earth and the elements placed on it. “foundation”这个单词或者是指土地本身，或者是指插 入在土地上以提供支撑的物体，或者是指土地和立于 其上的物体的合称。 The foundation for a multistory office building could be a combination of concrete footings and the soil or rock on which the footings are supported. 对于一栋多层办公楼， “foundation”可能是混凝土基础和支撑基础的土或岩 石的合称。
The installed parts of the foundation system may be footings, mat foundations, slab foundations, and caissons or piles, all of which are used to transfer load from a superstructure into the earth. 基础系统已安装部分也许是独立基础，片筏基础，平 板基础，箱型基础或者是桩基。 These parts which transmit load from the superstructure to the earth, are called the substructure (Fig. 1). 它们都是将荷载从上部结构传入到地下。这些将荷载 从上部结构传到地下的部分叫做下部结构。（图1）
Footings supporting two columns are called combined footings and may be either rectangular or trapezoidal. 支撑两个柱的基础被称作联合基础，它们也许是梯形 也许是长方形。 Cantilever footings are used to carry loads from two columns, with one column and one end of the footing placed against a building line or exterior wall. 悬臂基础被用来传递两个柱的荷载，支持一个柱和另 一个位于与建筑物线或者是外墙线相对应的基础尾端上 的柱。 Footings supporting walls are continuous footings (Fig. 2). 撑墙的基础叫做连续基础。（图2）