生理学专业英语词汇

第一章绪论【专业英语词汇】

生理学physiology

内环境internal environment 神经调节nervous regulation 体液调节humoral regulation 旁分泌paracrine

自身调节autoregulation

正反馈positive feedback 组织液interstitial fluid

稳态homeostasis

反射弧reflex arc

激素hormone

神经分泌neurosecretion, neurocrine 负反馈negative feedback

前馈feed-forward

第二章细胞的基本功能【专业英语词汇】

单纯扩散simple diffusion

失活inactivation

钠-钾泵sodium-potassium pump 入胞endocytosis 易化扩散facilitated diffusion

主动转运active transport

出胞exocytosis

化学门控通道chemically gated channel

跨膜信号转导transmembrane signal transduction

电压门控通道voltage-gated channel 促离子型受体ionotrpic receptor 鸟苷酸结合蛋白, G-蛋白g uanine uncleotide-binding protein, G-protein

环一磷酸腺苷cycle adenosine monophosphate, cAMP

第二信使second messenger

三磷酸肌醇inositol triphosphate, IP3

G-蛋白耦联受体G-protein coupled receptor 酪氨酸激酶受体t yrosine kinase receptor

兴奋性excitability

刺激stimulus

阈值threshold

动作电位action potential

超极化hyperpolarization

复极化repolarization

锋电位spike potential

膜片钳patch clamp

相对不应期relative refractory period 局部兴奋local excitation

时间性总和temporal summation

跳跃式传导saltatory conduction

终板电位end-plate potential

胆碱酯酶cholinesterase

滑行理论sliding theory

等长收缩isometric contraction

完全强直收缩complete tetanus

后负荷afterload

长度-张力曲线length-tension curve 磷脂酶C phospholipase C

二酰甘油diacylglycerol, DG

促代谢型受体metabotropic receptor

一氧化氮nitric oxide, NO

兴奋excitation

阈强度threshold intensity

静息电位resting potential

极化polarization

去极化(除极化) depolarization

超射overshoot (potential)

“全或无”现象“all or none” phenomenon 绝对不应期absolute refractory period 阈电位threshold (membrane) potential

电紧张性扩布electrotonic propagation 空间性总和spatial summation

量子式释放quantal release

乙酰胆碱acetylcholine, ACh

兴奋-收缩耦联excitation-contraction coupling 等张收缩isotonic contraction

单收缩single twitch

前负荷preload

初长度initial length

(肌肉)收缩能力contractility (of muscle)

张力-速度(关系)曲线force velocity (relation) curve

第三章血液【专业英语词汇】

血浆plasma

粘滞性viscosity

胶体渗透压colloid osmotic pressure

造血微环境hemopoietic microenvironment 血细胞比容hematocrit

晶体渗透压crystal osmotic pressure 渗透脆性osmotic fragility

悬浮稳定性suspension stability

红细胞沉降率erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ESR 集落刺激因子colony stimulating factor, CSF

内因子intrinsic factor

促红细胞生成素e rythropoietin, EPO

血小板粘附thrombocyte adhesion

血栓烷A2(血栓素A2) thromboxane A2, TXA2血液凝固blood coagulation

凝血因子blood clotting factor

外源性凝血extrinsic coagulation

纤维蛋白溶解系统fibrinolytic system 爆式促进因子burst promoting actvator,

BPA

肝素heparin

生理性止血physiological hemostasis

血小板聚集thrombocyte aggregation 前列环素prostacyclin, PGI2

血清serum

内源性凝血intrinsic coagulation 凝血酶thrombin

纤溶酶原plasminogen

组织因子途径抑制物 tissue factor pathway inhibitor, TFPI

纤溶酶(血浆素) plasmin

(红细胞)凝集 agglutination

凝集素 agglutinin

交叉配血试验 cross-match test 血型blood group

凝集原agglutinogen

人白细胞抗原human leukocyte antigen, HLA

成分输血transfusion of blood components

第四章血液循环【专业英语词汇】

心动周期cardiac cycle

心室舒张期ventricular diastole 快速射血期rapid ejection period 心音cardiac sound

每搏输出量(搏出量) stroke volume output 心输出量cardiac output 心房收缩期atrial systole

等容收缩期isovolumic systole

减慢充盈期reduced filling period 心音图phonocardiogram

射血分数ejection fraction

心指数cardiac index