英语中的非谓语动词 详解

非谓语动词(一)

1.非谓语动词就是指在句子中不做谓语的动词。在英语中一个简单句中只能有一个谓语动词，再出现动词时就要变成非谓语动词。

Getting early is good for our health.

I want to go home.

My favorite sport is playing basketball.

There is a bird singing in the tree.

The house built last year has been sold out.

非谓语中的主动关系和被动关系，不是从谁做了这个动作着眼，而是从恢复成一句话后是“主动语态”还是“被动语态”着眼。

先看下面两个题:

wonderful, this kind of food enjoyed a good sale.

A. Tasted

B. Tasting

The food delicious sells well.

A. smelled

B. smelling

以上两题中，逻辑关系可以表达为: This kind of food tasted wonderful. The food smells delicious.逻辑上

food和taste. smell 是一种主谓关系，是主动语态，因此填现在分词。因此，上两题的答案为 B和B

主动关系:从逻辑关系上看，相当于主动语态

The boy crying over there is Tom.

(在那边哭的那个男孩)从逻辑上讲，the boy..cry, 男孩哭，相当于主动语态，是主动关系。

被动关系:从逻辑关系上看，相当于被动语态

The house built last year is the strongest. (去年建的那座房子)从逻辑上讲，the house was built,房子被建，相当于被动语态，是被动关系。

非谓语动词包括：动名词、现在分词、过去分词、不定式。

动名词相当于名词，常在句中作住主语、宾语、表语，动名词作定语时表功能:a walking stick现在分词作定语表正在进行：a walking man.

现在分词和过去分词常在句中作定语、状语和补语。

不定式不能做谓语。

过去分词和现在分词双写末尾字母（以l结尾）

Control---controlling---controlled

英式英语中双写末尾字母，美式英语中不双写末尾字母的动词

travel,signal,label,equal,dial,quarrel

过去分词和现在分词双写末尾字母（以r结尾）

refer,prefer,star,stir

以ic结尾，把c变为ck加ed和ing

picnic，panic

非谓语动词做主语和表语

动名词做主语或表语时强调经常性，不定式做主语或表语时强调将来特定的某一次

Playing basketball is my favorite sport.

To go to college is my dream.

Her wish is to become a engineer.

Some people’s greatest pleasure is fishing.

2.it 作形式主语时，后面常用动词不定式作真正主语;也有用动名词作真正主语的

1)动词不定式作主语时，为了避免句子头重足轻，常用it 作形式主语，而把动词不定式放在后面。

It is easy to learn English well.

It is wrong to tell lies.

2)no use (good)作表语时和nice meeting you中必须用动名词作真正主语

It was nice meeting you.见到你很高兴。(用于分别时) It's no good (use) doing that.那样做没好处(没用)。3）表语是 nice, good, enjoyable, worthwhile,

useless等形容词或fun, a waste of, job, task等名词或名词短语时，有用不定式也有用动名词作真正主语的

It is useless doing that.那样做没用。

I think it is worthwhile having/ to have such a companion.

It's a waste of time/money doing this.

It's fun doing this.

It's an awful job doing this.

It is not an easy task doing this work.

如果前面有实义动词do的形式，作表语的不定式常省略to What I want to do is paly basketball with you.

非谓语动词做宾语

1.有些动词只能跟不定式作宾语

这类及物动词常见的有:

agree同意 attempt试图 afford付得 ask要求

apply申请 promise答应 care想要 choose选择

decide决定 desire希望 determine决心 help帮助expect期望 fail未能 hope希望 intend打算

learn学习 manage设法 offer提供 plan打算

pretend假装 refuse拒绝 wish希望

I expected to meet your friend, but my car broke down on the way.