Unit 5 The real truth about lies练习答案综合教程三

综合教程The real truth about lies翻译谎言的实质

综合教程The real truth about lies翻译谎言的实质大多数人都会撒个小谎。

这些小谎毫无害处，是吗?在夏洛特斯维尔的弗吉尼亚大里，心理学教授贝拉·德帕罗组织了一次由77名学生和70名市民志愿参加的特别活动。

所有参加者要记一周的日记，记录下自己撒谎的次数和细节。

1名学生和6名夏洛特斯维尔的居民自称没有撒过谎。

另外140名参加者共汁撒谎1535次。

大部分谎言我们大多数人常常不认为是什么惊天动地的。

有人对配偶或是对朋友表现出虚情假意，或对某位亲属的观点佯装赞同。

依德帕罗之见，女土们在相互交往中主要是为不伤对方面子而撒谎，男士们一般则是为了抬高自我而说谎。

令人极为惊奇的是，这1000多条谎盲的制造者们声称，他们对自己的欺骗行为“不大在乎或不觉愧疚”。

难道这也是在撒谎?或许是吧。

不过，确有证据表明，人们对随便使用谎言的这种态度是很常见的。

例如，加州马里纳-戴尔雷的一个致力于人格教育的非营利性组织——约瑟夫森伦理道德研究所对两万名中学生进行过调查。

92％的青少年承认一年中对父母撒过谎，73％把自己视为“连续撒谎的人”，也就是说他们每星期都撒谎。

尽管如此，受测人中“对自己的道德和人品表示满意”的却占到了91％。

想想我们是多么经常地听到这些话：“我会打电话给你”、“支票马上汇来”、“对不起，他出去了”。

还有那些以律师、专家和公关顾问为职的人们，他们的专职似乎就是编造事实以满足客户的需要。

无关紧要的小谎言无处不在，而我们撒谎的理由也大同小异。

看看这个例子，是关于南加州的一个公司经理的，我就叫他汤姆吧。

他每年感恩节都要携妻带子回岳母家吃饭。

汤姆十分不喜欢岳母做的“风味独特”的南瓜馅饼，但为了不伤她面子，他总是对她说那是多么好吃。

“这有什么不好？”汤姆问约瑟夫森研究所的所长迈克尔·约瑟夫森。

可能我们每个人都会问这样的问题。

约瑟夫森要汤姆站在岳母的立场上考虑一下他的谎言。

假设有一天，汤姆的孩子一不小心说漏了嘴，使她了解了实情。

Unit 5 The Real Truth About Lies

About the author
• Randy Fitzgerald, a freelance writer, columnist and blogger. • “The Real Truth about Lies” is an article from Readers’ Digest published in November 1999.
Part I: Para. 1—6 Vocabulary and Grammar
• 1. (Para 1) volunteer : v. to give or offer willingly or without
being paid • n. a person who gives help willingly
English Debate
• positive side: White lies are welcomed in our society
• negative side: White lies are not welcomed in our society
Hale Waihona Puke Text 1 The Real Truth About Lies
Unit 5 Influence of lies in real life
A Survey
• Have you ever lied to someone?
• Write down one of your lies and the reason why you lied.
Different lies
an earth-shattering discovery
• eg: 震撼世界的重大事件。
an event of earth-shattering importance

Unit 5 The Real Truth about Lies解析

Part Two
ubiquitous: seeming to be everywhere似乎无所不在的，十分普遍的，相当于“common” e.g. :Smoking in public is a ubiquitous problem. 在公共场合吸烟是一个无处不在的问题。 ubiquitously (adv) 无处不在地 ubiquity (n). 普遍存在；到处存在 Invariably: constantly, always一贯地，始终如一地 e.g. :Invariably I get up at 6:00 in the morning. 我一贯早上六点钟起床。 blurt out:脱口而出 e.g.: He blurted out the secret before we could stop him. 在我们制止他之前，他已将秘密脱口而出。
② a distinguishing quality of being excellent or important 优秀；杰出；卓越：
eg：a singer of distinction 优秀歌唱家
• Coarsen
• To become or make sth. become thicker or rougher 变厚；变粗糙： • Eg： Her hands were coarsened by hard work. • 繁重的劳动使她的双手变得粗糙了。
prevarication:the state of avoiding giving a direct answer or making a frim decision. eg:His prevarication on this matter made us angry. be devoted to:致力于，专心于 characterize sb./sth.as：描述，刻画...的特征

课后练习答案Unit5Therealtruthaboutlies

Unit 5 The real truth‎ about‎ l ies.V ocab‎u l ary‎.1. Expla‎i n the under‎l ined‎part in each sente‎n ce in your own words‎.(1)very impor‎t ant/shock‎i ng/traum‎a ti c;(2) avoid‎hurti‎n g the other‎s’‎feeli‎n gs;(3)modif‎y ing the truth‎;(4) a cours‎e of actio‎n which‎can easil‎y lead to somet‎h ing unacc‎e ptab‎l e, wrong‎or disas‎t rous‎;(5)under‎any circu‎m stan‎c es/whate‎v er might‎ h appe‎n;2. Fill in the blank‎in each sente‎n ce with a word taken‎from the box in the prope‎r form.(1) suppo‎r tive‎; (2) perce‎i ved; (3) preva‎r i cat‎i on; (4) astou‎n ded;(5)under‎m i ne; (6) falte‎r ed; (7) fibs; (8) volun‎teere‎d3. Fill in the blank‎s with the appro‎p riat‎e forms‎of the given‎words‎. (1) uneth‎i cal; (2) feign‎e d; (3) unspa‎r i ng; (4) cynic‎al;(5) confo‎u nded‎l y; (6) lubri‎c a ted‎; (7) entan‎g l ed; (8) Willf‎u l4.Fill in the blank‎in each sente‎n ce with an appro‎p riat‎e phras‎a l verb or collo‎c atio‎n taken‎from the text.(1) cover‎ u p; (2) blurt‎e d out; (3) set up; (4) find out;(5) wear down; (6) speci‎a lize‎in; (7) profe‎s ses to; (8) compl‎i ment‎e d, on;5. Give a synon‎y m or an anton‎y m of the word under‎l ined‎in each sente‎n ce in the sense‎ i t is used.(1) evasi‎o n(equiv‎o cati‎o n); (2) chron‎i c (repea‎te d);(3) commo‎n ( preva‎l ent, omnip‎r esen‎t); (4) sligh‎tly;(5) insul‎t (repro‎a ch, criti‎c i ze); (6) disto‎r t;(7) growt‎h (multi‎p l i ca‎ti on); (8) stren‎g then‎e d (conso‎li dat‎e d)6. Expla‎i n the under‎l ined‎phras‎a l verbs‎in your own words‎.(1)cance‎l l ed; (2)overc‎o me; (3)follo‎w; (4)fell into;(5)make it more accep‎t able‎; (6)feel unhap‎p y about‎;(7)remov‎e d from consi‎d e rat‎i on; (8)reser‎v e for futur‎e use.Gramm‎ar.1. 1.proba‎b ilit‎y2.possi‎b i lit‎y3.inten‎t i on4.possi‎b ilit‎y5.neces‎s i ty6.possi‎b ilit‎y7.oblig‎a tion‎8.proba‎b ilit‎y2. Compl‎e te each sente‎n ce with what you think‎the most appro‎p riat‎e…1~5 CCBAD‎6~10 BBBAA‎3. rewri‎t e the sente‎n ces below‎u sing‎the words‎ and phras‎e s from the box.(1) He can’t have told us every‎t hing‎.(2) Somet‎h ing must have gone wrong‎.(3) She can’t be only thirt‎y years‎ ol d.(4) They may not know yet.(5) The road could‎/may have been close‎d.(6) The polic‎e must know that.(7) There‎may/could‎have been a traff‎i c jam.(8) The lette‎r could‎/may arriv‎e today‎.(9) That will/must be my mothe‎r.(10) There‎shoul‎d be time to do some shopp‎ing.4.Rewri‎t e the follo‎w ing sente‎n ce, using‎ verbl‎e ss claus‎e s.1. When in doubt‎, tell the truth‎. It will confo‎u nd your enemi‎e s andastou‎n d your frien‎ds.2. When heate‎d, metal‎ e xpan‎d s.3. If true, it will cause‎u s a lot of troub‎l e.4. Whene‎v er possi‎b l e, they shoul‎d be typed‎.5. When in Rome, do as the Roman‎s do.6. Send the goods‎ now, if ready‎.7. If neces‎s ary, ring me at home.8. He glanc‎e d about‎ a s if in searc‎h of somet‎h ing.5. Compl‎e t e the sente‎n ces with the prope‎r forms‎ of the verbs‎ given‎.1. discu‎s sing‎, havin‎g reach‎e d2. payin‎g3.Lying‎, sitti‎n g4. to pacif‎y, to be pacif‎i ed, grumb‎l i ng5. repea‎t, to make, to do6. going‎, stay7. to see, to avoid‎, hitti‎n g8. to arriv‎e, risin‎g9. doing‎10. to makeTrans‎l atio‎n.1. 1. 十分惊人的‎是，这些无数次‎说谎的人称‎，说谎并没有‎使他们十分‎纠结或后悔‎。

Unit 5 The real truth about lies练习答案综合教程三

Unit 5 The real truth about lies练习答案综合教程三Unit 5 The Real Truth About LiesIn today's society, lies are a common occurrence in both our personal and professional lives. We often find ourselves questioning the truthfulness of others and even lying ourselves. This unit will explore the different aspects of lies, including their impact on relationships, the psychology behind lying, and strategies for detecting deception.1. The Impact of Lies on RelationshipsLies can have a profound impact on relationships, be it friendships, romantic relationships, or professional partnerships. When trust is broken through deception, it can be challenging to rebuild. Lies can create distance, erode intimacy, and lead to a breakdown in communication.Furthermore, lies can cause emotional harm. Discovering that someone close to us has been dishonest can result in feelings of betrayal, anger, and disappointment. If lies persist, it can destroy the foundation of any relationship, making it difficult for both parties to move forward.2. The Psychology of LyingUnderstanding the psychology behind lying can shed light on why people choose to deceive others. Lying is often a deliberate act intended to manipulate the truth and gain some personal advantage. Psychologists have identified various reasons why individuals lie, which include:a) Self-interest: People may lie to protect themselves from negative consequences or to achieve personal gain.b) Fear: Fear of punishment or the desire to avoid conflict can lead individuals to tell lies.c) Desire for approval: Some people lie to gain acceptance or be seen in a more favorable light by others.d) Protection: Individuals may lie to protect themselves or someone they care about from harm or embarrassment.3. Strategies for Detecting DeceptionIt is not always easy to detect lies, as skilled liars can be convincing. However, there are strategies that can help increase our ability to detect deception:a) Nonverbal cues: Pay attention to a person's body language, facial expressions, and tone of voice. Inconsistent or overly animated gestures, avoidance of eye contact, or a shaky voice may indicate deception.b) Inconsistencies in storytelling: Liars may have difficulty maintaining a consistent narrative or may contradict themselves when questioned in detail.c) Microexpressions: These fleeting facial expressions can reveal true emotions that may conflict with the lie being told.d) Gut instincts: Trust your instincts and listen to any feelings of suspicion or discomfort you may have when someone is speaking.4. Honesty and Building TrustOpen and honest communication is essential for building and maintaining trust in relationships. To promote a culture of honesty, it is crucial to:a) Lead by example: Be truthful and transparent in your own words and actions.b) Encourage honesty: Create an environment where it is safe for others to be honest without fear of judgment or punishment.c) Build trust gradually: Trust takes time to develop, so be patient and consistent in your actions.d) Address past lies: When trust has been broken, have open and honest conversations about the impact of the deception and work together to rebuild trust.In conclusion, lies have the power to damage relationships, hinder communication, and erode trust. Understanding the impact of lies on relationships, the psychology behind lying, and strategies for detecting deception can help foster a culture of honesty and build stronger connections with others. It is imperative to remember that honesty and trust are essential in all aspects of our lives. Through open and transparent communication, we can navigate the complexities of lies and ultimately maintain healthier and more fulfilling relationships.。

Unit_5_the_real_truth_about_lies

• Fill in each blank in the passage below with one word you think appropriate. • Service; rather; off; are; advantage; much; relations; if; as; moral; either; truth
• I. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words. • 1. very important/shocking/traumatic 2. avoid hurting the other's feelings/avoid doing something that would upset the other person; 3. modifying the truth/telling the turth with a favorable emphasis or slant; 4. a course of action which can easily lead to something unacceptable, wrong or disastrous; 5. under any circumstances/whatever might happen;
• II.supportive; perceived; prevarication; astounded; undermine; faltered; fibs; volunteered.
• III.unethical; feigned; unsparing; cynical; confoundedly; lubricated; entangled; willfui

Unit-5-The-real-truth-about-lies练习标准答案综合教程三

Unit 5 The Real Truth about LiesKey to the ExercisesText comprehensionI. Decide which of the following best sums up the argument of the passage.CII. Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false.1. T (Refer to Paragraph 3. It is true that women tell lies because they care about others' feelings, and men are more selfish。

they tell lies generally for self-promoting purposes.)2. T (Refer to Paragraph 5.)3. T (Refer to Paragraph 6.)4. F (Refer to Paragraph 12. Even seemingly harmless falsehoods, or white lies, can have unforeseen consequences.)5. F (Refer to Paragraph 16. There are still occasions where lies are acceptable.)III. Answer the following questions.1. Refer to Paragraphs 2-5. Professor DePaulo's study suggests that lying is a common phenomenon and most of the lies we tell are small and insignificant. Meanwhile, as she points out, it is common that people take lies lightly: their lies have caused them little preoccupation or regret.2. Refer to Paragraph3. According to the passage, the purpose of telling lies or white lies varies: women tell lies according to the principle of caring, or to spare other's feelings, and men tell lies basically for utilitarian self-promoting purposes.3. Refer to Paragraphs 7-10. The story of Tom supports the argument that little white lies are ubiquitous, and people have taken such lies for granted, believing that they are well-intended. When he consulted with Michael Josephson, the reply is very negative: his mother-in-law may feel hurt when she discovers the deceit some day. Or even worse, she may question: "And what else have you lied to me about?" In short, such white lies may produce mistrust among people.4. Refer to Paragraphs 12-15. The consequences of lying are three-fold: the deceived may feel cheated and won't trust the liar anymore。

unit 5

Unit 5 The Real Truth about LiesI1 When we start to tell a lie, we have entered a very intricate situation, as a lie often requires other lies until the whole structure of lies becomes so complex that it ensnares the liar.2 One is less inhibited from lying; his ability to make moral right and wrong judgments is dulled, and he may become less cautious against being caught.3 The most understandable and acceptable lies are those which are told for the sake to love and care at the expense of trust, according to the ethicists.I1 very important/shocking/traumatic2 avoid hurting the other’s feelings/avoid doing something that would upset the other person3 telling the truth with a favorable emphasis or slant/modifying the truth4 a course of action which can easily lead to something unacceptable, wrong, or disastrous5 under any circumstances/whatever might happenII1 supportive2 perceived3 prevarication4 astounded5 undermine6 faltered7 fibs8 volunteeredIII1) ethic n.→ ethical a.→ unethical a.伦理学是哲学的分科。

Unit 5 The Real Truth About Lies课文翻译综合教程三

Unit 5The Real Truth about LiesRandy FitzgeraldAt the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, psychology professor Bella DePaulo got 77 students and 70 townspeople to volunteer for an unusual project. All kept diaries for a week, recording the numbers and details of the lies they told.One student and six Charlottesville residents professed to have told no falsehoods. The other 140 participants told 1,535.The lies were most often not what most of us would call earth-shattering. Someone would pretend to be more positive or supportive of a spouse or friend than he or she really was, or feign agreement with a relative's opinion. According to DePaulo, women in their interactions with other women lied mostly to spare the other's feelings. Men lied to other men generally for self-promoting reasons.Most strikingly, these tellers-of-a-thousand-lies reported that their deceptions caused them "little preoccupation or regret". Might that, too, be a lie? Perhaps. But there is evidence that this attitude toward casual use of prevarication is common.For example, 20,000 middle- and high-schoolers were surveyed by the Josephson Institute of Ethics--a nonprofit organization in Marina del Rey, California, devoted to character education. Ninety-two percent of the teenagers admitted having lied to their parents in the previous year, and 73 percent characterized themselves as "serial liars", meaning they told lies weekly. Despite these admissions, 91 percent of all respondents said they were "satisfied with my own ethics and character".Think how often we hear the expressions "I'll call you" or "The check is in the mail”or "I'm sorry, but he stepped out". And then there are professions-- lawyers, pundits, PR consultants--whose members seem to specialize in shaping or spinning the truth to suit clients' needs.Little white lies have become ubiquitous, and the reasons we give each other for telling fibs are familiar. Consider, for example, a Southern California corporate executive whom I'll call Tom. He goes with his wife and son to his mother-in-law's home for Thanksgiving dinner every year. Tom dislikes her “special”pumpkin pie intensely. Invariably he tells her how wonderful it is, to avoid hurting her feelings."What's wrong with that?" Tom asked Michael Josephson, president of the Josephson Institute. It's a question we might all ask.Josephson replied by asking Tom to consider the lie from his mother-in-law's pointof view. Suppose that one day Tom's child blurts out the truth, and she discovers the deceit. Will she tell her son-in-law, "Thank you for caring so much?" Or is she more likely to feel hurt and say, "How could you have misled me all these years? And what else have you lied to me about?"And what might Tom's mother-in-law now suspect about her own daughter? And will Tom's boy lie to his parents and yet be satisfied with his own character?How often do we compliment people on how well they look, or express our appreciation for gifts, when we don't really mean it? Surely, these "nice" lies are harmless and well intended, a necessary social lubricant. But, like Tom, we should remember the words of English novelist Sir Walter Scott, who wrote, "What a tangled web we weave, when first we practice to deceive."Even seemingly harmless falsehoods can have unforeseen consequences. Philosopher Sissela Bok warns us that they can put us on a slippery slope. "After the first lies, others can come more easily,” she wrote in her book Lying: Moral Choice in Public and Private Life. “Psychological barriers wear down; the ability to make more distinctions can coarsen; the liar's perception of his chances of being caught may warp."Take the pumpkin pie lies. In the first place, it wasn't just that he wanted his mother-in-law to feel good. Whether he realized it or not, he really wanted her to think highly of him. And after the initial deceit he needed to tell more lies to cover up the first one.Who believes it anymore when they're told that the person they want to reach by phone is "in a meeting"? By itself, that kind of lie is of no great consequence. Still, the endless proliferation of these little prevarications does matter.Once they've become common enough, even the small untruths that are not meant to hurt encourage a certain cynicism and loss of trust. "When (trust) is damaged,”warns Bok, “the community as a whole suffers; and when it is destroyed, societies falter and collapse."Are all white lies to be avoided at all costs? Not necessarily. The most understandable and forgivable lies are an exchange of what ethicists refer to as the principle of trust for the principle of caring, "like telling children about the tooth fairy, or deceiving someone to set them up for a surprise party," Josephson says. "Still, we must ask ourselves if we are willing to give our friends and associates the authority to lie to us whenever they think it is for our own good."Josephson suggests a simple test. If someone you lie to finds out the truth, will he thank you for caring? Or will he feel his long-term trust in you has been under-mined?And if you're not sure, Mark Twain has given us a good rule of thumb. "When in doubt, tell the truth. It will confound your enemies and astound your friends."谎言的真相兰迪·菲茨杰拉德1. 在夏洛特斯维尔的弗吉尼亚大学里，心理学教授贝拉·德保罗组织了77名学生和70名市民志愿参加一个特别的项目。

Unit 5 The Real Truth About Lies课文翻译综合教程三

Unit 5 The Real Truth About Lies课文翻译综合教程三随着科技的发展，信息的获取和传播变得越来越容易。

然而，在这个充满信息的时代，真相与谎言之间的界限变得模糊不清。

本单元的课文《谎言的真相》，揭示了关于谎言的真实情况，引发人们思考和反思。

在人们日常生活中，谎言无处不在。

有时，人们说谎是为了保护自己或者他人，有时则是为了追求个人利益或满足某种心理需求。

无论出于何种原因，谎言所带来的后果都是严重的。

在文章中，作者提到了一个真实的案例，描述了一名因为说谎被判刑的男子。

通过这个案例，读者可以看到谎言对个人和社会的危害。

与此同时，课文也强调了社交媒体时代的谎言。

在社交媒体上，人们经常选择性地展示自己的生活，刻意修饰照片和事实，以达到吸引他人注意和认可的目的。

然而，这种虚假的展示并没有给人们带来真正的满足感，反而加剧了人们的焦虑和不真实感。

因此，文章呼吁人们在使用社交媒体时保持真实，追求真实的交流和连接。

除了个人行为外，政治领域也充斥着谎言。

政治家和政府常常利用谎言来掩盖真相，为自己的利益服务。

这种“政治谎言”不仅损害了公众的信任，也导致了社会的混乱和分裂。

在文章中，作者引用了一些政治谎言的例子，并强调了媒体的责任，传播真相和揭露谎言。

只有通过媒体的监督和公众的关注，才能防止政治谎言的蔓延。

此外，课文还探讨了有关道德和伦理的问题。

在某种情况下，有些人可能会为了自己的利益而选择撒谎，而另一些人则会保守秘密，选择回避真相。

然而，伦理和道德要求我们坦诚和正直，不论真相有多么艰难或痛苦。

只有坦诚面对，才能真正解决问题和建立良好的人际关系。

总而言之，课文《谎言的真相》通过探讨谎言在不同领域中的影响，唤起了读者对于真相和谎言的思考。

它提醒我们在信息泛滥的背景下保持警惕，并强调了坦诚和真实的重要性。

只有通过打破谎言的迷雾，才能建立一个诚信和正直的社会。

Unit 5 The Real Truth About Lies课文翻译综合教程三

Unit 5The Real Truth about LiesRandy FitzgeraldAt the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, psychology professor Bella DePaulo got 77 students and 70 townspeople to volunteer for an unusual project。

All kept diaries for a week，recording the numbers and details of the lies they told。

One student and six Charlottesville residents professed to have told no falsehoods。

The other 140 participants told 1,535.The lies were most often not what most of us would call earth-shattering。

Someone would pretend to be more positive or supportive of a spouse or friend than he or she really was，or feign agreement with a relative's opinion. According to DePaulo, women in their interactions with other women lied mostly to spare the other's feelings。

Men lied to other men generally for self-promoting reasons.Most strikingly，these tellers—of-a—thousand-lies reported that their deceptions caused them "little preoccupation or regret". Might that，too, be a lie？Perhaps。

综合英语三U5课后答案

Unit 5 The Real Truth about LiesText comprehensionI.CII. TTTFFIII. omittedIV.1. When we start to tell a lie, we would have entered a very intricate situation, as a lie often requires other lies until the whole structure of lies becomes so complex tha t it ensnares the liar.2. One is less inhibited from lying: his ability to tell the truth from the falsehood is dulled, and he may become less cautious against being caught.3. The most understandable and acceptable lies are those which are told for the sake of love and care at the expense of trust, according to the ethicists.VocabularyI.1. very important/shocking/traumatic;2. avoid hurting the others’ feelings/avoid doing something that would upset the other person3.telling the truth with a favorable emphasis or slant/modifying the truth4.a course of action which can easily lead to something unacceptable, wrong or disastrous;5.under any circumstances/whatever might happenII.1. supportive; 2 perceived; 3 prevarication; 4 astounded;5 undermine;6 faltered;7 fibs;8 volunteeredIII.1. unethical; 2 feigned; 3 unsparing; 4 cynical; 5 confoundedly; 6 lubricated; 7 entangled; 8 WillfulIV.1. cover up;2. blurted out;3. set up;4. find out;5. wear/wore down;6. specializes in;7. professes to;8. complimented onV.1. evasion (equivocation); 2 chronic (repeated); 3 common (prevalent, omnipresent); 4 slightly; 5 insult(reproach, criticize); 6 distort; 7 growth (multiplication); 8 strengthened (consolidated)VI.1.cancelled;2. overcome;3. follow;4. fell into;5. make it more acceptable;6. feel unhappy about;7. removed from consideration;8. Rese. rve for further use GrammarI.1. probability; 2 possibility; 3 intention; 4 possibility; 5 necessity;6 possibility;7 obligation;8 probabilityII.CCBAD BBBAAIII.1. He can’t have told us everything.2. Something must have gone wrong.3. She can’t be only thirty years old.4. They may not know yet.5. The road could/may have been closed.6. The police must know that.7. There may/could have been a traffic jam.8. The letter could/may arrive today.9. That will/must be my mother.10. There should be time to do some shopping.IV.1. When in doubt, tell the truth. It will confound your enemies and astound your friends.2. When heated, metal expands.3. If true, it will cause us a lot of trouble4. Whenever possible, they should be typed5. When in Rome, do as the Romans do6. Send the goods now, if ready7. If necessary, ring me at home.8. He glanced about as if in search of something.V.1.discussing, having reached2.paying3.Lying, sitting4.to pacify, to be pacified, grumbling5.repeat, to make, to do6.going, stay7.to see, to avoid, hitting8.to arrive, rising9.doing10.to make, to seeTranslationI. E-C1. Most strikingly, these tellers-of-a-thousand-lies reported that their deceptions caused them “littl e preoccupation or regret.”十分惊人的是，这些无数次说谎的人称，说谎并没有使他们十分纠结或后悔。

Unit 5 The Real Truth about Lies综合教程三

Audiovisual Supplement Cultural Information
But that’s a white lie White lie That’s the kind you want to tell, a white lie White lie So your mom won’t have to yell, a white lie White lie Everybody does it ‘cause it feels all right And it’s more polite But a lie’s still a lie Even when it’s white
Detailed Reading
The Real Truth about Lies
Randy Fitzgerald 1 At the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, psychology professor Bella DePaulo got 77 students and 70 townspeople to volunteer for an unusual project. All kept diaries for a week, recording the numbers and details of the lies they told. 2 One student and six Charlottesville residents professed to have told no falsehoods. The other 140 participants told 1535.
This is a piece of persuasive writing. It is of journalistic style.

Unit 5 The Real Truth about Lies Teaching plan综合教程三

Unit 5 The Real Truth about LiesTeaching PointsBy the end of this unit, students are supposed to1)grasp the author‟s purpose of writing and make clear the structure of the wholepassage through an intensive reading of Text I The Real Truth About Lies.2)comprehend those useful or important expressions/sentences in Text Ithoroughly and be able to paraphrase them.3)be aware of new words and structures and use them freely in conversation andwriting.4)reconsider the dilemma: to lie or not to lie.Topics for pre-reading discussion1)Have you ever been lying to others with a seemingly good intention? How‟s theconsequence?2)If somebody lies to you for your own good, how would you feel?Cultural Background1. A white lie is one that lacks evil intent, as opposed to a black lie, which is most certainly malevolent, though normally we don‟t bother to specify that lies are evil. A white lie is harmless or trivial, which is frequently said in order to avoid hurting someone‟s feelings.2. Behavioral scientist Wendy Gamble identified four basic types of lies for a University ofArizona study in 2000:Prosocial:Lying to protect someone, to benefit or help others.Self-enhancement:Lying to save face, to avoid embarrassment, disapproval or punishment.Selfish:Lying to protect the self at the expense of another, and/or to conceal a misdeed. Antisocial:Lying to hurt someone else intentionally.Text IThe Real Truth about LiesRandy FitzgeraldGlobal ReadingI. Text Analysis / Main IdeaThis is a piece of persuasive writing. It is of journalistic style.In this text, the author asserts the ubiquitous presence of petty white lies, analyzes its causes, discusses its grave consequences, and concludes that some lies are justifiable, while others are to be avoided.II. Structural AnalysisThe author begins with the results of two surveys. Then he comments on the consequences of telling lies. In the end, he discusses which lies should be avoided.Part I (Paras. 1-6) introduces the topic by reporting two survey results.Part II (Paras. 7-11) shows that people often tell white lies so as not to hurt others.Part III (Paras. 12-15) deals with the consequences of telling lies.Part IV (Paras. 16-18) discusses whether lies should be avoided at all costs.Detailed ReadingQuestions1.What is the result of Professor Bella DePaulo‟s survey? What conclusion can wedraw from the result? (Paragraphs 1-2)According to the survey done by Professor DePaulo, 140 out of 147 people admitted having told lies. As some of the lies are well-intentioned, people may not regard them as lies. This result shows that telling lies is common.2.What is the result of the survey conducted by Josephson Institute of Ethics? Whatcan we learn from it? (Paragraph 5)According to this survey, among 20,000 students surveyed, 92 percent professed to have told lies and meanwhile, 91 percent never doubted about their own ethics orcharacter. Again, this result shows that telling lies is common and people seldom relate telling lies to morality.3.According to the writer, what could be considered “nice lies”? (Paragraph 11)According to the writer, all these could be considered “nice lies”: complimentingpeople on their appearance, expressing appreciation for gifts or food.4.What is the grave consequence of telling lies? (Paragraph 15)The ubiquitousness of lies may cause people to be distrustful of each other, thusleading to the collapse of the whole society.Text IITo Lie or Not to Lie? —The Doctor’s DilemmaSissela BokA Lead-in QuestionDo doctors have“license to lie”, for the sake of their patients?Main ideaThis text is about the question of whether patients should be told the truth about their illnesses. Many physicians may slip into deceptive practices in the belief that this may benefit them psychologically and help them recover. But new studies show that most patients want to know the truth even in the case of grave illnesses. The writer argues that lying makes it difficult for the patients to make choices for their own health, and can also cause doctors to lose their integrity and credibility.Notes1. Sissela Bok: Sissela Bok, born 2 December 1934, is a Swedish-born philosopher andethicist. Formerly a Professor of Philosophy at Brandeis University, Bok is currently a Senior Visiting Fellow at the Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies.One of her great contributions has been a continued exploration of 'practical ethics' or applied moral philosophy.2. But the illusory nature of the benefits such deception is meant to bestowis now coming to be documented. (Paragraph 6) The subject of the sentence is the illusory nature and the predicate, is now coming to be documented and the whole sentence means that the benefits lying is supposed to have are now proving to be unreal and imagined.3. …it contributes to the spiral of litigation and of “defensive medicine”…(Paragraph 9)“T he spiral of litigation” means two opposing parties in a law suit are inv olved in an endless process of litigation which is getting higher and higher in level. The phrase “defensivemedicine” refers to the alterations of modes of medical practice for the purposes of avoiding lawsuits by patients as well as providing good legal defense if such lawsuits are instituted.4. Patients’ bills of rights require that…(Paragraph 10) “B ills of rights”isstatements of the rights of a class of people, in particular the first ten amendments to the Constitution of the US, ratified in 1791.5. “What you don’t know can’t hurt you.” (Paragraph 11) This proverb means ifyou do not know about a problem, you do not worry. The whole sentence means people won‟t be comforted by not knowing the truth in medicine, law, government, or the social sciences; on the contrary, they will be hurt or greatly affected by lying. One example of the proverb: Don’t tell Dad I take drugs. What he doesn’t know won’t hurt him.Questions for Discussion1.According to the author, in what line of work is honesty sacrifice d for “greaterneeds”?2.What, according to some doctors, is the fundamental principle of the medicalprofession?3.What are the negative effects of “benevolent deception” on patients?4.How will the medical profession and its staff be affected by “benevolent de ception”?5.If you were a patient, would you like to know the truth that you would have only a fewmonths to live? And if you were a doctor, how would you break the news to your patient?Reference Answers1.In medicine, law, politics, journalism, etc., decep tion is practiced for ……greater needs”.2.“As far as possible do no harm.”3.The patients may feel betrayed, and their autonomy intruded. And they cannotmake informed decisions about their health and life; and it can also prolong recovery and affect treatment.4.“Benevolent deception” may cause the erosion of integrity of the medical professionand affect those that do not tell lies to their patients. It may even induce law suits and the endless process of litigation.5.Open question.Memorable Quotes“While all deception requires secrecy, all secrecy is not meant to deceive.”—Sissela BokQuestions for DiscussionIf a lie is defined as “something that you say or write that is not true and that you know is not true”, then is the art of story-telling or writing novels a form of lying? Or should we simply call them “imaginative”?。

Unit5TheRealTruthAboutLies课文翻译综合教程三

Unit5TheRea1.Truthabout1.iesRandyFitzgera1.dAttheUniversityofVirginiainChar1.ottes∖∙i1.1.e.PSyCho1.OgyprofessorBe1.1.aDePau1. ogot77studentsand70townspeop1.etovo1.unteerforanunusua1.projectΛ11keptdiariesforaweek,r ecordingthenumbersanddetai1.softhe1.iestheyto1.d.OnestudentandsixChar1.ottesx r i1.1.eresidentsprofessedtohaveto1.dnofa1.sehoods.Theothe r140participantsto1.d1,535,The1.iesweremostoftennotwhatmostofuswou1.dca1.1.earth-shattering.Someonewou1.dpretendtobemorepositiveorSUPPOrtiveofaSPOUSeorfriendthanheo rsherea1.1.ywas.orfeignagreement½ithare1.ative,sopinion c.AccordingtoDePau1.o.womeninthei rinteractionswithotherwomen1.iedmost1.ytosparetheother,sfee1.ings.Men1.iedtoothermengene ra1.1.yforse1.f-promotingreasons.Moststriking1.y,thesete1.1.ers-of-a-thousand-1.iesreportedthattheirdeceptionscausedthem,'1.itt1.epreoccupationorregret”.Mightthat,too,bea1 .ie?eofprevaricationiscommon- Eorexamp1.e,20,OOOmidd1.e-andhigh-schoo1.ersweresurveyedbytheJosephsonInstituteofEthics-anonprofitorganizationinMarinade1.Rey,Ca1.ifornia,devotedtocharactereducation.Ninety-twoPercCntoftheteenagersadmittedhaving1.iedtotheirparentsinthePreViOUSyear,and73percent characterizedthemse1.vesas"seria1.1.iars"»meaningtheyto1.d1.iesweek1.y.Despitetheseadmiss ions.91percentofa1.1.respondentssaidtheywere"satisfiedwithInyownethicsandcharacter".Thinkhowoftenweheartheexpressions*,Γ1.1.ca1.1.you"or,wΓhecheckisinthemai1."or"Γms orry,buthesteppedout*.Andthenthereaι,eprofessions-1.a½yers,pundits∙PRc onsu1.tants——whosemembersseemtospecia1.izeinshapingorspinningthetnιthtosuitc1.ients*needs.1.itt1.ewhite1.ieshavebecomeubiquitous,andthereasonswegiveeachotherfbrte1.1.ingfibsar efami1.iar.Consider,forexamp1.e,aSouthernCa1.iforniacorporateexecutivewhomΓ1Ica1.1.Toni .Hcgoeswithhiswifeandsontohismother-in-1.aw'shomeforThanksgixingdinnereveryyear,Tomdis1.ikesher"specia1."pumpkinpieintense1.y. Invariab1.yhete1.1.sherhowwonderfu1.itis.toavoidhurtingherfee1.ings."What'sSTOngWiththat?"TOmaskedMichae1.Josephson-presidentoftheJosephsonInstitute,Itsaquestionwemighta1.1.ask。

综合教程The real truth about lies翻译谎言的实质

综合教程The real truth about lies翻译谎言的实质大多数人都会撒个小谎。

这些小谎毫无害处，是吗?在夏洛特斯维尔的弗吉尼亚大里，心理学教授贝拉·德帕罗组织了一次由77名学生和70名市民志愿参加的特别活动。

所有参加者要记一周的日记，记录下自己撒谎的次数和细节。

1名学生和6名夏洛特斯维尔的居民自称没有撒过谎。

另外140名参加者共汁撒谎1535次。

大部分谎言我们大多数人常常不认为是什么惊天动地的。

有人对配偶或是对朋友表现出虚情假意，或对某位亲属的观点佯装赞同。

依德帕罗之见，女土们在相互交往中主要是为不伤对方面子而撒谎，男士们一般则是为了抬高自我而说谎。

令人极为惊奇的是，这1000多条谎盲的制造者们声称，他们对自己的欺骗行为“不大在乎或不觉愧疚”。

难道这也是在撒谎?或许是吧。

不过，确有证据表明，人们对随便使用谎言的这种态度是很常见的。

例如，加州马里纳-戴尔雷的一个致力于人格教育的非营利性组织——约瑟夫森伦理道德研究所对两万名中学生进行过调查。

92％的青少年承认一年中对父母撒过谎，73％把自己视为“连续撒谎的人”，也就是说他们每星期都撒谎。

尽管如此，受测人中“对自己的道德和人品表示满意”的却占到了91％。

想想我们是多么经常地听到这些话：“我会打电话给你”、“支票马上汇来”、“对不起，他出去了”。

还有那些以律师、专家和公关顾问为职的人们，他们的专职似乎就是编造事实以满足客户的需要。

无关紧要的小谎言无处不在，而我们撒谎的理由也大同小异。

看看这个例子，是关于南加州的一个公司经理的，我就叫他汤姆吧。

他每年感恩节都要携妻带子回岳母家吃饭。

汤姆十分不喜欢岳母做的“风味独特”的南瓜馅饼，但为了不伤她面子，他总是对她说那是多么好吃。

“这有什么不好？”汤姆问约瑟夫森研究所的所长迈克尔·约瑟夫森。

可能我们每个人都会问这样的问题。

约瑟夫森要汤姆站在岳母的立场上考虑一下他的谎言。

假设有一天，汤姆的孩子一不小心说漏了嘴，使她了解了实情。

Unit 5 The Real Truth About Lies

Detailed Reading
6 Think how often we hear the expressions “I’ll call you” or “The check is in the mail” or “I’m sorry, but he stepped out.” And then there are professions — lawyers, pundits, public relations consultants — whose members seem to specialize in shaping or spinning the truth to suit clients’ needs. 7 Little white lies have become ubiquitous, and the reasons we give each other for telling fibs are familiar. Consider, for example, a corporate executive whom I’ll call Tom. He goes with his wife and son to his mother-inlaw’s home for a holiday dinner every year. Tom dislikes her “special” pumpkin pie intensely. Invariably he tells her how wonderful it is, to avoid hurting her feelings.
Structural Analysis
This is a piece of persuasive writing. It is of journalistic style. In this text, the author asserts the ubiquitous presence of petty white lies, analyzes its causes, discusses its grave consequences, and concludes that some lies are justifiable, while others are to be avoided.

Unit 5 The real truth about lies练习答案综合教程三

Unit 5 The Real Truth about LiesKey to the ExercisesText comprehensionI. Decide which of the following best sums up the argument of the passage.CII. Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false.1. T (Refer to Paragraph 3. It is true that women tell lies because they care about others' feelings, and men are more selfish; they tell lies generally for self-promoting purposes.)2. T (Refer to Paragraph 5.)3. T (Refer to Paragraph 6.)4. F (Refer to Paragraph 12. Even seemingly harmless falsehoods, or white lies, can have unforeseen consequences.)5. F (Refer to Paragraph 16. There are still occasions where lies are acceptable.)III. Answer the following questions.1. Refer to Paragraphs 2-5. Professor DePaulo's study suggests that lying is a common phenomenon and most of the lies we tell are small and insignificant. Meanwhile, as she points out, it is common that people take lies lightly: their lies have caused them little preoccupation or regret.2. Refer to Paragraph3. According to the passage, the purpose of telling lies or white lies varies: women tell lies according to the principle of caring, or to spare other's feelings, and men tell lies basically for utilitarian self-promoting purposes.3. Refer to Paragraphs 7-10. The story of Tom supports the argument that little white lies are ubiquitous, and people have taken such lies for granted, believing that they are well-intended. When he consulted with Michael Josephson, the reply is very negative: his mother-in-law may feel hurt when she discovers the deceit some day. Or even worse, she may question: "And what else have you lied to me about?" In short, such white lies may produce mistrust among people.4. Refer to Paragraphs 12-15. The consequences of lying are three-fold: the deceived may feel cheated and won't trust the liar anymore; the liar will lose trust and get entangled in the lies he fabricates; and, if lies proliferate endlessly, society as a whole would falter and collapse as trust is damaged or destroyed.5. Refer to Paragraph 16. Not all white lies are unacceptable. Some falsehoods like setting somebody up for a surprise party or telling children about the tooth fairy can be justified. However, you have to consider the attitude of the deceived towards lying and the consequences, i.e. whether your act will undermine his trust in you.IV. Explain in your own words the following sentences.1. When we start to tell a lie, we have entered a very intricate situation, as a lie often requires further lies until the whole structure of lies becomes so complex that it ensnares the liar.2. One is less inhibited from lying; his ability to make moral right and wrong judgments is dulled, and he may become less cautious against being caught.3. The most understandable and acceptable lies are those which are told for the sake of love and care at the expense of trust, according to the ethicists.Structural analysis of the textParagraphs 12-15: the consequences of telling liesParagraphs 16-18: which lies to be avoidedRhetorical features of the textExample 1: 20,000 middle- and high-schoolers were surveyed by the Josephson Institute of Ethics -- a nonprofit organization in Marina del Rey, California. (Paragraph 5) Example 2: Philosopher Sissela Bok warns us that ... (Paragraph 12)Vocabulary exercisesI. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.1. very important/shocking/traumatic2. avoid hurting the other's feelings/avoid doing something that would upset the other person3. telling the truth with a favorable emphasis or slant/modifying the truth4. a course of action which can easily lead to something unacceptable, wrong, or disastrous5. under any circumstances/whatever might happen(Some similar expressions: at any cost, whatever the cost)II. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word taken from the box in its appropriate form.1. supportive2. perceived3. prevarication4. astounded5. undermine6. faltered7. fibs 8. volunteeredIII. F ill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1. unethical2. feigned3. unsparing4. cynical5. confoundedly6. lubricated7. entangled 8. WillfulIV. Fill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate phrasal verb or collocation taken from the text.1. cover up2. blurted out3. set up4. find out5. wear/wore down6. specializes in7. professes to8. complimented ... onV. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.1. Synonym: evasion (equivocation)2. Synonym: chronic (repeated)3. Synonym: common (prevalent, omnipresent)4. Antonym: slightly5. Antonym: insult (reproach, criticize)6. Synonym: distort7. Synonym: growth (multiplication)8. Antonym: strengthened (consolidated)VI. Explain the underlined phrasal verbs in your own words.1. cancelled2. overcome3. follow4. fell into5. make it more acceptable6. feel unhappy about7. removed from consideration8. reserve for future useGrammar exercisesI. Identify the meaning of the words in italics.1. probability2. possibility3. intention4. possibility5. necessity6. possibility7. obligation 8. probabilityII. Complete each sentence with what you think the most appropriate of the four choices given.1. C2. C (We don't use may/might in a question when they refer to possibility.)3. B (Should is used after if to suggest a less strong possibility.)4. A (I don't think he could have been there = I don't think it's possible that he was there.)5. D (Won't here suggests refusal.)6. B (In a request for permission, the speaker uses the past modal to show politeness.)7. B8. B (Could refers to a general ability in the past while was able to refers to a single achievement in the past.)9. A (Dare is used as a lexical verb in this sentence. It can be followed by an infinitive either with or without to.)10. AIII. Rewrite the sentences below using the words and phrases from the box.1. He can't have told us everything.2. Something must have gone wrong.3. She can't be only thirty years old.4. They may not know yet.5. The road could/may have been closed.6. The police must know that.7. There may/could have been a traffic jam.(We don't use "can+have done" in a positive statement.)8. The letter could/may arrive today.9. That will/must be my mother.10. There should be time to do some shopping.IV. Rewrite the following sentences, using verbless clauses.1. When in doubt, tell the truth. It will confound your enemies and astound your friends.2. When heated, metal expands.3. If true, it will cause us a lot of trouble.4. Whenever possible, they should be typed.5. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.6. Send the goods now, if ready.7. If necessary, ring me at home.8. He glanced about as if in search of something.V. Complete the sentences with the proper forms of the verbs given.1. discussing, having reached2. paying3. Lying, sitting4. to pacify, to be pacified, grumbling5. repeat, to make, to do6. going, stay7. to see, to avoid, hitting8. to arrive, rising9. doing10. to make, to seeVI. Make sentences of your own after the sentences given below, keeping the italicized parts in your sentences.1. You're all put into different groups according to your ability.According to my dictionary, there are several meanings for that word.2. Whether you like it or not, it's going to happen.They will leave whether you agree or not.Translation exercisesI. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. 最惊人的是，这些撒了数以千计谎言的人声称，欺骗行为并没有让他们十分“纠结或愧疚”。