2011年阅读全文翻译及解析

Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wro te Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic。

纽约爱乐乐团决定聘请Alan Gilbert作为下一任的音乐总监，这从2009年任命被宣布之日起就在古典音乐界引起了热议。

别的不说，大部分人的反应是积极的。

“好啊，终于好了！” Anthony Tommasini写道，他可是一个以严肃著称的古典音乐评论家。

One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. E ven Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him。

” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise。

但是，这个任命之所以一起人们惊讶的原因却是Gilbert相对而言并不是很有名。

甚至在时代杂志上发文支持Gilbert任命的Tommasini都称其为：低调的音乐家，在他身上找不到那种飞扬跋扈的指挥家的气质。

纽约爱乐乐团迄今为止都是由像Gustav Mahler(古斯塔夫·马勒)和Pierre Boulez布列兹那样的音乐家领导的。

这样去描述这个乐团的下一位指挥，至少对于时代的读者而言，这是一种苍白的表扬。

For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes。

就我看来，我不知道Gilbert是否是一个伟大的指挥家或者是一个好的指挥。

但是我能确定的是，他能表现出很多有趣的乐章，但是我却应该不会去Avery Fisher Hall或者其他
地方去听一场有趣的交响乐演出。

我要做的事情就是去我的CD架上，或者打开的我的电脑从ITUNES上下载更多的唱片。

Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the
art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert。

那些忠实的音乐会观众会讲唱片并不能代替现场的演出，但是他们忽略了一些事情。

当下为了获得艺术爱好者的钱，时间，关注度，古典音乐的演奏家们(其实就是指交响乐团，同意复述)不仅要和剧院，舞蹈队，演出公司和博物馆竞争，而且还需要和那些记录了20
世纪的伟大的古典音乐演奏者表演的唱片竞争。

唱片很便宜，那里都能买到，并且比现在很多现场音乐会的艺术质量要高。

进一步的讲，听众能选择听唱片的时间和地点。

这些到处可以获得的唱片给传统的演出机构带来了危机。

One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert’s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization。

” But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic ar e to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America’s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract。

对于古典音乐演奏者而言，他们可能的一个回应就是排练出唱片上没有的曲目。

Gilbert 对新音乐兴趣已经被广泛的关注了：Alex Ross，一名古典音乐的批评家，就这样描述道：他能够把爱乐乐团变成一个完全不同，更加有活力的组织。

但是那种不同的性质也是什么呢？可能仅仅增加乐团演出的曲目是不够的，如果Gilbert和他的乐团要进步的话，他们就必须首先改变美国最古老的乐团(就是纽约爱乐乐团)同他们想吸引的新观众间的关系。

语篇分析：
这篇文章来自Commentary 2007年9月刊的一篇文章Selling Classical Music by TERRY TEACHOUT。

这个杂志可以说知名度并不高，这可以看出命题人的出题指向性，反反命题的倾向很严重。

以前的经济学人，今年只有在B节入选。

如何凯文老师一直强调的这篇文章的体裁就是议论文。

第一二段都是一个引入。

3段提出了作者的观点。

4段和5段是对于3段观点进一步的递进和展开。

而在第一个第二段中是不同的人对于新任指挥的看法。

所以阅读考研文章没有什么复杂的就是关注观点！分清论点和论据！
21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert’s appointment has。

[A]incurred criticism. [B]raised suspicion。

[C]received acclaim. [D]aroused curiosity。

解析：这个题目相对简单，各家也没有什么争议，只需要读懂：For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least。

就可以了，其实考生只需要读懂：For the most part, the response has been favorable。

这就是核心。

acclaim。

就是表示favorable。

当然，后面那个人说的话一定是为了说明这个结论的读不读都无妨了。

22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is
[A]influential. [B]modest。

[C]respectable. [D]talented。

解析：这个题目关键就是要学会对论点和论据的敏感：Tommasini是个具体的人提他是有目的的。

问他的看法，你可以直接看这样一句：“an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him。

”但是这样的句子中的：unpretentious和formidable能有几个同学认识？那么就看看这个句子在段落中的地位吧：论据，且和第一句是一个递进的关系，他是进一步说明第一句的：One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known。

这个句子该懂了吧。

这个人相对来讲名气不大。

A,C,D 都无从谈起了。

只有modest和这个名气大不大能相关。

这样的论据和论点的分析以及段落的语篇分析方法就是凯文老师的学生能独步于考研界的最大法宝。

23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers
[A]ignore the expenses of live performances。

[B]reject most kinds of recorded performances。

[C]exaggerate the variety of live performances。

[D]overestimate the value of live performances。

解析：作者的观点：The author believes，这个是在关注定位词devoted concertgoers 后的另外一个关键点；作者认为concertgoers miss the point;但具体是什么，需要看选项了。

A ,忽略了现场演奏的费用，B,拒绝大多数的唱片演奏。

这两个是没有根据的属于未提及选项。

C有一定的干扰性：the variety of live performances，二段中是有variety 这个单词的，并且在段落中出现了好多并列的成分，这样对于很多没有读懂原文的同学其实是会产生视觉干扰的。

但是听kevin老师的话的同学，会做一个主干的分析发现the value of live performances这个宾语和动词是没有原文依据的。

最后一个选项之所以正确是由于：作者在一直说唱片的好，而前面又说concertgoers认为现场演奏不会被唱片代替。

这样就是论点上的正话反说了。

答案就应该是最后一个了。

高估了现场表演的价值。

这就是对于观点的把握，多么重要啊！！！
24. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?
[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality。

[B]They are easily accessible to the general public。

[C]They help improve the quality of music。

[D]They have only covered masterpieces。

解析：抓住关键词：recordings根据行文顺序与题目基本一致的原则，停在倒数第二段：There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances; moreover, the y can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert。

一连串的描述就是B。

干扰项是C : They help improve the quality of music。

听Kevin的分析主谓宾，回文章中定位你会发现，文章中说的是唱片中的表演的质量要比现在的好，但是并没有说：help improve the quality of music。

分析选项主谓宾，和原文一一对应就一定能消除这样的视觉干扰。

[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality。

和原文表诉相反。

[D]They have only covered masterpieces。

原文没有提及。

读者不要自作聪明的觉得，嗯，老师讲过的出现过often 和only的选项太绝对了，不能选。

这样的排除是有风险的也是，Kevin老师一直都不会这样讲的。

教育部命题中心可不可以那天就用一个only 做正确选项。

当然可以了！所以从小啊打好基础！
25. Regarding Gilbert’s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels
[A]doubtful. [B]enthusiastic。

[C]confident. [D]puzzled。

解析：问作者的态度，主体是作者，对象是Gilbert’s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic从具体表述出发寻找相应的态度表达词：But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough。

一个but ,一个？，一个not就把这种不确定性给出来了。

于是这就是选A doubtful。

记得技巧派曾经有这样的总结：puzzled 和doubtful 都是所谓的永陪词汇，这样的技巧还是不要的好啊。

Text 2
When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company。

” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.
当八月份，Liam McGee以总裁的身份从美国银行离职的时候，他的解释出人意料的直白。

他没有忸怩的用平常的模糊的理由来遮掩他的离开，他很坦诚的讲他离开就是为了去追求他经营一家公司的目标。

McGee说宣扬自己的目标就是自己的决定。

两周后，他第一次和Hartford Financial Services Group的董事会第一次会谈，这家公司在9月29日提名他
为董事会主席和CEO。

McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn’t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don’t get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations。

他说在离开的时候并没有找好后面的职位(下家)，使他有时间去反思他到底想去经营一家什么样的公司。

这同时也就他的激情和决心，给了外界一个清晰的信号。

这样做的并不只是McGee一个人。

最近几周，Avon and American Express的一些高级经理离职并解释说想需找一个ceo的职位。

当董事会迫于股东的压力对一系列的计划进行审查的时候，那些计划被否定掉的经理们也会想离开。

激烈的商业环境同样使得高级经理很小心，模糊的表态可能会破坏他们的声誉。

As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according
to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders。

当经济复苏的标志开始确定的时候，二把手们可能更愿意在没有网(新的工作)情况下换工作。

第三季度，根据Liberum的调查，CEO的更迭和一年前相比减少了23%，这是由于紧张的董事会紧盯着他们的ceo们。

随着经济的复苏和好转，对有理想的头儿们，机会是很多的。

The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn Ferry， senior partner Dennis Carey :“I can’t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first。

”
离开高管的职位去寻找一个更好的职位，并不是传统的做法。

多年以来，经理们和猎头们都认同这样一个原则：最有吸引力的CEO的竞争是那些需要去挖来的人。

Korn Ferry，senior partner Dennis Carey说道：我所做的每一次的招聘中，董事会都要求我从那些在任的CEO中寻找人选。

Those who jumped without a job haven’t always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana when the business became part of PepsiCo (PEP) a decade ago, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later。

那些没有找到工作就离开的人并不是很快就能找到顶级的职位。

10年前，Tropicana
被PepsiCo (PEP)收购了，她以经理的身份离职了，她说他想当ceo。

但是花了一年的时间她才成为一家小型互联网交换公司的头。

2005年Robert Willumstad带着想成为CEO的梦想离开了Citigroup。

可是三年后他才成为了一家主要的金融机构的CEO。

Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are, but that’s been fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter. “The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long。

”
很多招聘的人都说对于高管而言，过去认为的丢脸的感觉(没有工作)已经慢慢消失了。

金融危机已经使得跳槽，离开一个不好的工作变得更加可以接受了。

一个猎头就说到：“传统的规则是待在你原来的地方会更加安全，但是现在已经彻底改变了. 那些受伤最厉害的就是那里在一个地方待太久的人。

”
语篇分析：
这篇文章来自：Business Week 商业周刊 2009年11月5日，Top Managers Are Quitting, Without a New Job by Jena McGregor：顶级经理人在离职，新工作还没着落。

文章从Liam McGee的跳槽为引子开始，引出第二段中跳槽的人很多。

第三段进一步的讲金融危机会引起更多的人跳槽。

四段和五段回顾过去。

六段回到现在。

借别人的嘴强化观点：就是该跳，并且要“裸跳”，在没有找到下家就跳。

“裸跳”不丢人。

26. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being
[A]arrogant. [B]frank。

[C]self-centered. [D]impulsive。

解析：根据题干中的McGee announced his departure定位到这两句：When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company。

” straight up。

是第一个线索，Rather than vague excuses答案直接可以锁定：B. frank。

就怕你们不认识单词啊，所以12年同学加油背单词！记住单词记忆只有一个方法，重复！
27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’ quitting may be spurred by
[A]their expectation of better financial status。

[B]their need to reflect on their private life。

[C]their strained relations with the boards。

[D]their pursuit of new career goals。

解析：题干的关注点在于spur 这是在课堂中讲过的隐含因果的表达。

结果是：senior executi ves’ quitting，寻找原因：文章中很明确的with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post。

这个题目中体现出来的还是Kevin老师在课上一直强调的：文章表达的多样性在理解中的重要性：senior executives’ quitting= the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express ；上下义词的替换；new career goals= CEO post；也是上下义词的替换。

有干扰性的就是C了后文确实说道了和board 之间的关系，但是是讲在计划
不被批准的时候，并不是和董事会关系紧张。

并且董事会的审查是在股东的压力下才执行的。

没有理由支持这一选项。

28. The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means
[A]approved of. [B]attended to。

[C]hunted for [D]guarded against。

解析：理解这句话：I can’t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first。

我用的反译法：我所做的每一次的招聘中，董事会都要求我从那些在任的CEO中寻找人选。

这说明那些人都是要去挖的，那么对应的单词就是hunt for 了。

在模拟题中我给过解释的。

29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that
[A]top performers used to cling to their posts。

[B]loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated。

[C]top performers care more about reputations。

[D]it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules。

解析：这个题是个推理题，段落推理题。

几个选项都得看：第二个选项在对应第一个观点：Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers。

但是对应错了： disgrace不等于loyalty。

一个是丢人，一个是忠诚。

第三个选项中的比较是文中没有提到的。

top performers care reputations这样是可以的，但是没有说过是more。

第四个选项：和原文表述反了：The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are, but th at’s been fundamentally inverted。

原文中说：The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one。

正话反说：top performers used to cling to their posts。

高级经理过去常在一个地方呆着。

30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
[A]CEOs: Where to Go? [B]CEOs: All the Way Up?
[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net [D]The Only Way Out for Top Performers
解析：强烈的干扰项是：[A]CEOs: Where to Go? [B]CEOs: All the Way Up?原因在于CEO在文中出现了很多次，同学们把ceo当成了主体词。

这也是反反命题的一个体现。

文章的主体词其实是：top manager, ceo 只是他们想去成为，而不是现在就是。

不是主题词。

这给了我们一个启示，要从文章的大意找结构。

不要被其他的所谓技巧所迷惑。

去掉A和B 以后，c和d相比答案就比较容易了。

只是要理解net 就是替换了new job。

再无耻一点，原文的标题就是这样的top Managers Are Quitting, Without a New Job。