高中英语知识点讲解

【词条1】extend

【课文原句】As time passed, however, the carnival period was extended, so that it began just after Christmas. (Page 32)

【点拨】extend在句中用作及物动词,意为"延长,扩大"。如:

We will finally extend the road as far as the station.

【拓展】extend作及物动词,还可意为"伸出,展开；给予(欢迎,帮助等)"。如:

He refused to take the hand I extended in friendship.

We extended warm congratulations to the winners.

extend还可作不及物动词,意为"延伸,延续,继续"。如:

The hot weather may extend into October in this area.

【词条2】pretend

【课文原句】Ordinary people could pretend to be rich and important, while famous people could have romantic adventures in secret. (Page 32)

【点拨】pretend在句中意为"假装",常用于结构pretend to do sth.。如:

She just pretended to be friendly to me.

【拓展】pretend还可接名词和that-clause。如:

He pretended sleep when his mother called him to do housework.

Let’s pretend that we are grown-ups.

短语pretend to意为"自称具有,自称应得到",to 为介词。如:

I don’t pretend to much experience in this field.

【词条3】mark

【课文原句】This marked the beginning of the slave trade. (Page 39)

【点拨】mark在句中用作动词,意为"标志着"。如:

This battle marks the end of the war.

【拓展】mark作动词,还常意为"作标记；使有污点；标示；打分；纪念"。如:

In this school, every kid’s hat is marked with his or her name.

A large scar marked his cheek.

The route to the tower has been marked in red.

I’ve got a pile of papers to mark.

There will be ceremonies to mark the tenth anniversary of the company.

mark还可用作名词,常意为"污点,疤痕；记号；标志,迹象；成绩"。如:

The children left dirty marks all over the kitchen floor.

I put a mark in the margin to remind me to check the figure.

They stood up as a mark of respect when the guest entered the room.

He got the best mark in this English test.

经典短语透视

【短语1】consist of

【课文原句】a food that consists of a tube of skin containing meat mixed with herbs(Page 35)

【点拨】consist of意为"由……构成(组成)",不用于进行时和被动语态。如:

Our dinner consisted of four courses only.

【拓展】consist of的同义短语为be made up of。如:

The committee is made up of five members.

= The committee consists of five members.

consist in 意为"在于",与lie in同义。如:

The future of a nation consists in its education.

= The future of a nation lies in its education.

【短语2】dress up

【课文原句】... and they were not allowed to dress up as women. (Page 33)

【点拨】dress up在句中意为"打扮",常用作dress up as sb."打扮成某人"；dress up in sth."穿着……衣服"。如:

Don’t bother to dress up for the party, for it is informal.

My mom dressed up as a witch in Halloween last year.

Children often enjoy dressing up in their parents’clothes.

【拓展】dress up还可意为"把……打扮起来,给……穿上衣服"。如:

While Lily was being dressed up, Mary was playing with the cat.

热点语法聚焦

一、常用时态被动语态的构成形式

时态形式一般现在时is / am / are + 动词的过去分词

一般将来时will / shall + be + 动词的过去分词

现在完成时has / have + been + 动词的过去分词

现在进行时is / am / are +being +动词的过去分词

一般过去时was / were + 动词的过去分词

过去将来时would be + 动词的过去分词was / were going to be + 动词的过去分词

过去完成时had been + 动词的过去分词

过去进行时was / were + being+动词的过去分词

二、被动语态的使用要点

1. 不及物动词不能用于被动语态及物动词才有被动语态,不及物动词happen, take place, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, occur, remain, succeed, start等没有被动语态。例如: Great changes have been taken place in my hometown. (×)

Great changes have taken place in my hometown. (√)

2. 表示状态的动词不能用于被动语态英语中有些动词(短语动词)不是表示动作,而是表示某种状态或情况,如"拥有、容纳、适合、明白"等意,这类词不能用于被动语态,常见的有:lack, mean, hold, have, become, last, cost, consist of, look like等。如:

The new stadium can be held 5,000 people. (×)

The new stadium can hold 5,000 people. (√)

3. 主动形式表示被动意义的词

(1)某些感官动词和系动词加形容词可以表示被动意义,常见的有:look, smell, taste, feel, prove, wear, sound等。如:Your idea sounds great.

(2) 某些行为动词后加副词(有些可不加副词)也可以表示被动意义,常见的有:wash, write,