【托福写作备考】TPO22综合写作文本及解析

【托福写作备考】TPO22综合写作文本及解析

TPO 22

先来看看阅读材料：

Ethanol fuel, made from plants such as corn and sugar cane, has been

advocated by some people as an alternative to gasoline in the United States.

However, many critics argue that ethanol is not a good replacement for gasoline

for several reasons.

译文：乙醇燃料是从玉米以下是或者甘蔗之类的植物中提取的。在美国，一些人提倡使用乙醇燃料来代替汽油。然而，很多评论家认为一些原因使得乙醇燃料不是良好的汽油替代品。

First, the increased use of ethanol fuel would not help to solve one of the

biggest environmental problems caused by gasoline use: global warming. Like

gasoline, ethanol releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere when it is burned

for fuel, and carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas: it helps trap heat in the

atmosphere. Thus, ethanol offers no environmental advantage over gasoline.

译文：首先，使用汽油带来的最大的问题之一是全球变暖，而对于乙醇燃料使用的增加并不能解决这个问题。同汽油一样，乙醇燃烧后向大气释放二氧化碳，而二氧化碳是温室气体。它会保持大气层内的温度。因而，相对于汽油来说，乙醇并没有环保优势。

Second, the production of significant amounts of ethanol would dramatically

reduce the amount of plants available for uses other than fuel. For example,

much of the corn now grown in the United States is used to feed farm animals

such as cows and chickens. It is estimated that if ethanol were used to satisfy

just 10 percent of the fuel needs in the United States, more than 60 percent of

the corn currently grown in the United States would have to be used to produce

ethanol. If most of the corn were used to produce ethanol, a substantial source

of food for animals would disappear.

译文：第二，乙醇产品的大量增加会导致用于其他目的作物数量减少。比如，在美国很多的玉米都是用来作动物饲料来喂养牛和鸡。可以推测，如果乙醇只满足美国对燃料需要的10%，那么美国就要用现在玉米产量的60%用来制造乙醇燃料。如果把玉米产量的大部分用来生产乙醇燃料的话，那么家畜主要的食物来源就不复存在了。

Third, ethanol fuel will never be able to compete with gasoline on price.

Although the prices of ethanol and gasoline for the consumer are currently about

the same, this is only because of the help in the form of tax subsidies given to

ethanol producers by the United States government. These tax subsidies have cost

the United States government over $11 billion in the past 30 years. If the

United States government were to stop helping the producers in this way, the

price of ethanol would increase greatly.

译文：第三，乙醇燃料燃料在价格上永远无法与汽油竞争。虽然目前对消费者来说，乙醇燃料和汽油的相差无几，但是只是因为美国政府以税收补贴的形式补助乙醇燃料制造商。这个税收补贴在过去的三十年花掉了美国政府110亿美元。如果美国政府停止以这种形式帮助制造商，那么乙醇燃料的价格会大幅升高。

在综合写作的阅读部分需要提取的观点是：

- Main point: 乙醇燃料无法替代汽油

- Sub point 1: 燃烧乙醇燃料会排放二氧化碳，造成全球变暖

- Sub point 2: 制造乙醇燃料导致畜牧业缺乏饲料

- Sub point 3: 乙醇价格过高，依赖政府补贴

第二大块是综合写作会听到的听力材料：

Ethanol actually is a good alternative to gasoline although you just read

three reasons why it is not a good alternative. Not one of these three reasons

is convincing.

译文：虽然阅读部分说乙醇燃料不是汽油很好的代替品，但是事实上是可以很好代替汽油的。阅读部分给出的三个理由都是没有说服力的。

First, the increased use of ethanol will not add to global warming. It is

true that when ethanol is burned, it releases carbon dioxide into the

atmosphere. But as you read, ethanol was often made from plants such as corn.

Well, the process of growing the plants counteracts this release of carbon

dioxide. Let me explain. Every growing plant absorbs carbon dioxide from the air

as a part of its nutrition. So, growing plants for ethanol production actually

removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

译文：首先，提高对乙醇燃料的使用不会导致全球变暖。诚然，燃烧乙醇燃料的时候是会向空气中排放二氧化碳。但是，就像在阅读部分看到的，通常来说乙醇燃料是由玉米之类的作物制造的。恩，这些作物生长的过程中可以抵消掉乙醇燃料燃烧所释放的二氧化碳的。我来解释一下。所有作物在生长的过程中都会吸收空气中的二氧化碳作为养料。所以，为制造乙醇燃料而种植的作物事实上可以吸收乙醇燃料排放到空气中的二氧化碳。

Second, large scale production of ethanol does not have to reduce the source

of food for animals. That is because we can produce ethanol using cellulose.

Cellulose is the main component of plants’ cell walls, and you find most

cellulose in those parts of plants that are not eaten by animals. So, since we

can produce ethanol from the plant parts that are not eaten, the amount of

animals feed that is available will not be reduced.

译文：第二，大量生产乙醇燃料不会减少畜牧业的饲料供应。这是因为我们用纤维素制造乙醇燃料。纤维素是植物细胞壁的主要组成成分，而且多数作物富含纤维素的部分都是家畜不食用的。所以，鉴于我们是使用家畜不食用的部分来制造乙醇燃料的，那么家畜可使用

的饲料不会减少。

Third, in the future, ethanol will be able to compete with gasoline in term

of price. It is true that the government subsidies make up ethanol is cheaper

than it would normally be, but this support would not always be needed. Once

enough people start buying ethanol, ethanol producers will increase their

production of ethanol. Generally, increased production of a product leads to a

drop in its price, so the price of ethanol will go down as more of it becomes

available. Study shows that if ethanol production could be three times greater

than it is now, the cost of producing a unit of ethanol would drop by forty

percent.

译文：第三，在未来，乙醇燃料可以在价格上同汽油竞争的。确实，现在政府的补贴政策使得乙醇燃料的价格比实际要低，但是这样的补贴政策不需要一直存在。一点有足够多的人购买乙醇燃料燃料，那么乙醇燃料燃料的制造商将会更多地生产。一般来说，对某产品的生产增多会导致价格下降，所以当乙醇燃料燃料的产量增加之后，价格也会随之下降。研究表明如果乙醇燃料燃料产品的产量增加三倍，那么每个单位乙醇燃料燃料的价格将会下降40%。

以下内容是提取的观点，记住记笔记哦!听力笔记内容：

Main point: 三个理由都没有说服力

Sub point one: 乙醇燃料虽然会产生二氧化碳，但是制造乙醇燃料的作物在生长的过程中会吸收二氧化碳

Sub point two: 生产乙醇燃料使用的是动物不食用的部分，不会影响动物的饲料供应

Sub point three: 乙醇燃料的价格会在使用量增大后下降