跨文化交际作业一
跨文化交际与汉语教学-国家开放大学电大学习网形考作业题目答案
跨文化交际与汉语教学一、判断题1.文学、艺术等是文化，但桌椅、服装等物品不是文化。
A. 对B. 错正确答案：B2.文化是一个变动的系统，会随着时代的变迁而改变。
A. 对B. 错正确答案：A3.如果交际行为是发生在来自不同文化的人们之间的，往往会因为不同文化对于同一信息的解码和阐释不同，而在交际中发生误解。
A. 对B. 错正确答案：A4.跨文化交际学诞生于法国。
A. 对B. 错正确答案：B5.国际汉语教师对其他文化应该始终保持好奇和开放的态度，并宽容和尊重不同的文化行为及观念。
A. 对B. 错正确答案：A6.在安排教学活动时，来自个体主义国家的人可能不适应团队合作的方式，教师需明确每个人需完成的任务，才能保证团队的效率。
A. 对B. 错正确答案：A7.在多维时间文化中，结果的效率比过程的规则更重要，重点是人的参与和事务的完成，而不是僵守事先安排的日程表。
A. 对B. 错正确答案：A8.有些学生为了尽快达成用汉语交际的目的，要求教师不教汉字，只教发音和拼音。
这种要求体现了长期导向思想，是可行的。
A. 对B. 错正确答案：B9.“只见树木不见森林”描述的是整体思维的特点。
A. 对B. 错正确答案：B10.对立思维的特点在于强调对立，不承认统一。
A. 对B. 错正确答案：B11.在跨文化交际中，很多人都倾向于认为对方也用与自己同样的方式进行思维。
这种误解常会导致跨文化交际障碍。
A. 对B. 错正确答案：A12.一个国家的阴柔气质程度会更清晰地反映在该国女性的价值观上，而不是该国男性的价值观上。
A. 对B. 错13.跨文化交际学研究的重点是来自不同文化背景的人所进行的面对面的交际。
它包含两个侧重点不同的研究领域：跨文化对比研究和跨文化交际过程研究。
A. 对B. 错正确答案：A14.根据霍夫斯泰德的研究，拉丁美洲国家、拉丁语系的欧洲国家、地中海国家和地区、俄罗斯，亚洲的日本、韩国为不确定性规避倾向弱的国家。
跨文化交际案例分析答题技巧
汉硕案例分析答题技巧最近很多人问关于汉语国际教育考试中的案例分析题该怎样答，我根据自己的粗浅经验，现总结如下：1.答题思路：按照发现问题-- 分析问题-- 解决问题的思路。
具体如下：（1）发现问题：也就是提出问题。
在所给的案例中，某个出国教汉语的志愿者教师或来中国教外语的外教等，遇到了什么样的困难。
遇到的困难可能是课堂教学时的，比如学生上课都不积极回答问题，不愿意参与老师精心设计的课堂活动，或者问老师一些可能涉及到“隐私”的问题；也可以是这位老师在生活上遇到的问题，比如无法与当地人沟通或交流（语言障碍，文化障碍），无法适应当地人的生活，或不理解当地人做某事时为什么会采取那样的方式，等等。
注意：遇到的问题可能是多方面的，要从多角度分析，一般情况下，也不只是一个问题，所以，要按条来答。
（2）分析问题：要求你具体分析一下这位老师或某人遇到这种困难是什么原因引起的，主要是文化方面的原因，可能还涉及到一些他所采用的文化策略等。
比如，他由于对对方国家文化不了解，对方国家可能很注重“隐私”，而在我们国家这不被看做是“隐私”。
同时要求你分析出我们的母语文化具有什么样的特点，最主要的是和对方国家有什么不一样，哪里不一样，因此造成了他在文化方面的不适应，以至于教学和生活中都出现了问题或遇到了困难。
关于他所使用的文化策略，主要就是他自身有没有做到尊重当地的文化，有没有试着去融入这种文化，接受这种文化，还是一味的采取排斥策略，认为自己的一切都好，别人的一切都不好。
这就是分析问题了。
（3）解决问题：这是最关键的部分了。
怎么解决他遇到的问题或困难？你自己提出个对策就行了，当然，要根据一些你所知道的文化常识和应对策略。
比如首先尊重当地文化，多和当地人交流，努力让自己适应当地人的文化和生活方式，做到求同存异，等等。
这里需要注意的就是，有些文化的知识是很灵活的，比如中国人的谦虚、中庸的思想等等，都是我们日常生活就知道的，就是稍微总结一下，理顺一下，就能答题了。
跨文化交际口语教程1答案
跨文化交际口语教程1答案
1、本题主要考察don't have和haven't（等词）的区别，根据以上几题，可知答案在B、C、D项，因为doesn't是助动词，后面加动词原型，排除D项。
接下来就是讨论B、C项，B项hasn't是没有的意思，而C项doesn't have是没有吃的意思，根据句意，可知应该是没有吃早饭，所以选C。
2、本题主要考察时态和第三人称单数形式，由every day可知该题是一般现在时，排除D，D是现在进行时。
Marry是单数，开头的助动词应该用Does，所以选C。
扩展资料：
(1)I have finished my homework. (我已经完成我的家庭作业)在这个例句中，用虚词“已经”来表示动作的完成，而在英语中，则是将句中的谓语动词finish转变成现在完成时结构have finished来表现finish这个动作已经发生过了。
(2)She is reading a book carefully. (她正在认真看书)在汉语中，用虚词“正“来表示“读书”这个动作正在进行，而英语中，则需要将“read”转变成现在进行时结构”is reading”
(3)He will be back in ten minutes. (十分钟后他将回来)在汉语中，用虚词“将”来表示将来的动作，而英语中则需要用一般将来时的结构“will +动词原形”来表现。
跨文化交际大作业
Intercultural Differences of Family and Education ValuesA friend told me a phenomenon that Americans like to find ways to play, for example, driving their own car, starting from Los Angeles, braving the scorching sun of California, driving four to five hundred kilometers to spend weekends, and Chinese in the United States are still busy working. They spend weekendshaving dinner or watching TVwith their family. Why is there a huge gap between Chinese and Americans in the pursuit of enjoyment of life?This is mainly due to the traditional cultural practices of the two countries.So what is culture? A definition from D.Brown is that“A culture is a collection of beliefs, habits, living patterns, and behaviors which are held more or less in common by people who occupy particular geographic areas.” As a result, there are many huge differences between those two counties.Someone said:”Chinese are living for others, and Americans are living for themselves.”Chinese peoplework hard for their status and reputation, then desperately to make money. However, earning money is not in order to enjoy life, but for future generations: son, daughter, or even grandchildren.Such as the first emperor of Qin Dynasty, Qin Shi Huang, He wanted his sons to rule on from generation to generation. So he named his son Emperor Junior. The Chinese people love to accumulate up to prepare for the next generation to do something in the future or pension. Although lots of Chinese people having got IDs in the United Statesno longer need to worry about their social welfare and health insurance, but they are still too tired, they have been hoping that their bank deposits in each of the new growth, this year there are tens of thousands, next year I hope to earn hundreds of thousands, then hope for millions of the year after.In sharp contrast to their stingy, Chinese spend very generous in their children. Because they thinkthey have experienced too much suffering, so their children are supposed to live better. The children have much pocket money and enjoy the best resources. And they also pay more attention to their sons, because the traditional Chinese think their sons will feed them when they are old due to the imperfect national welfare system.Americans believe in living for themselves. Therefore, the power of Americans to make money is to enjoy life, the pursuit of a higher quality of life. The parents have their own pensions and social welfare, and children over 18 years of age begin to live independently. There is no difference between the poor and the rich in eating or shopping, and the most expensive spending areundoubtedly the acquisition of residential and tourism. Instead of giving their children money, American parents teach them to learn financial management, or to make money by themselves. American families’focus is on fostering the childrento have the ability to adapt to the environment. Based on this concept, they attach to the children's exercise. They generally believe that the children's growth must rely on their own strength. So parents prefer training exercisetheir self-awareness and ability to live independently. The so-called exercise reflects in many respects,the exercise of labor and will. But the most fundamental is to adapt to the exercise of a variety of difficult environments and the ability to work. Through physical training, the kids develop the habits of independent consciousness. And their will also develop their own capacity strengths, wisdom, patience, independent viability and social responsibility.There are also some differences in family value. We Chinese all know that there are some important festivals through a year, such as Mid-autumn Festival and Spring Festival. When the festival comes, we need to come back home to have a sumptuous dinner with all the family members. This movement shows that Chinese are collectivism which is completely different with Americans. This point of view is much broader than Westerners’ which definition is limited to parents and children, and the following definitions are talking about the "family" may be used. First, the core of three generations of Chinese-style familyincludes three generations: grandparents, parents and children. This is the most commonly basic family unit.And the traditional Chinese family also includes generations of ancestors, although they have long been buried. Many people who have the same surname are recorded in the genealogies and often have their own family rules and family motto, and descendants for generations have to comply with. Some Chinese people have a strong sense of pride and proud of their long family history, and even some family can be traced back thousands of years ago.The special feelings of the family and respect for ancestorsof Chinese people make them feel cordial for those who are from the same city or region.Chinese people's "family" also extends to the concept of "nation", and "nation" of the Chinese character includes Chinese character "home". The Chinese people they belong to the "country" as the "home". As a result Chinese people have strong concept of nation, so old man would like to go back to hometown no matter where he is.However, the traditional American family is a "nuclear family." A nuclear family refers to a couple and their children. The average American family today has two or three childrenand maybe a few pets. In some cultures, people live close to their extended family. Several generations may even live together. But in America, only in a few cases does more than one household live under one roof.Many homes are run like a democracy. Each family member can have a say. A sense of equality often exists in American homes. Instead of fearing Mom and Dad, children may think of them as good friends. From an early age, children gain responsibility in handling money. They may receive a weekly allowance or even work part-time jobs. Often parents give children freedom to make their own decisions. Preschoolers choose what clothes to wear or which toys to buy. Young adults generally make their own choices about what career to pursue and whom to marry.After children being adult, they will leave their parents and even won’t come back for many years.Although we can find many differences between Chinese and American, we do not need to be afraid of communicating with them. If we can realize the differences and we can avoid being embarrassing and misunderstanding. That is why we learn Intercultural Communication.。
23秋国家开放大学跨文化交际与汉语教学期末大作业参考答案
国家开放大学《跨文化交际与汉语教学》期末大作业参考答案一、案例分析（25分/题，共50分）案例一李老师是一名汉语志愿者教师，在美国大学教口语课。
期末考试的形式为一对一的口语考试，考试的时候，她面对学生，认真倾听学生的口试，记录出现的语音语法错误，尽最大可能做到客观评分。
然而，分数发布以后，一名美国学生对分数提出申诉，理由是：“我在进行口试的时候，老师一直对我微笑，并且频频点头，我以为她对我的口试非常满意，可是为什么给了我这么低的分数！”李老师很迷惑：考试时对学生微笑，是为了缓解学生的紧张情绪；点头是为了鼓励学生继续往下说。
请问，如何理解学生对李老师的误解？如果你是李老师，这件事对你的教学有何启示？请你从非言语交际行为的文化差异、国际汉语教学环境中师生文化冲突两个方面对案例进行分析。
参考答案：这个案例涉及到了非言语交际行为的文化差异以及国际汉语教学环境中的师生文化冲突。
让我们从这两个方面来分析学生对李老师的误解以及可能的启示：（1）非言语交际行为的文化差异：微笑：在一些文化中，微笑通常被视为友好和支持的体现，可能会用于鼓励、安慰或者表示满意。
然而，在其他文化中，微笑的含义可能不同，有时甚至被视为不尊重或不严肃。
在美国文化中，通常会鼓励积极表达情感，因此，学生可能将老师的微笑解读为对自己口试表现的积极反馈。
点头：同样，点头在不同文化中也具有不同的含义。
在一些文化中，点头可以表示同意或者支持，而在其他文化中，可能被视为礼貌的回应而不一定表示同意。
在美国文化中，点头通常被视为肯定的反馈，因此学生可能误解老师点头为对他们表现的认可。
（2）国际汉语教学环境中的师生文化冲突：期望和反馈差异：在不同国家和文化中，教育体系和教育风格可能有很大的差异。
学生可能希望更直接的反馈和评价，而老师可能采用更为委婉的方式，以免伤害学生的自尊心。
这种期望和反馈的差异可能导致学生误解老师的意图。
文化教育：对于国际汉语教学来说，了解学生的文化背景以及他们对于教学方式和反馈的期望至关重要。
《Unit 4 School Life Culture Understanding》作业设计方案-中
《School Life Culture Understanding》作业设计方案（第一课时）一、作业目标：通过本作业，学生将能够：1. 初步了解中西方学校生活文化差异；2. 提高跨文化交际意识；3. 培养学生对不同文化的包容和理解。
二、作业内容：1. 阅读材料：学生需要阅读两篇关于中西方学校生活的文章，一篇介绍中国的学校生活，另一篇介绍西方的学校生活。
阅读后，回答以下问题：a. 中国的学校生活有哪些特点？b. 西方学校生活有哪些特点？c. 你认为中西方学校生活有哪些文化差异？2. 文化观察：学生需要观看一部介绍中西方不同文化背景下的学校生活的纪录片或短片，并写下自己的观察和感受。
这部分作业旨在让学生更直观地了解中西方学校生活的差异。
3. 讨论分享：学生分组讨论并分享各自的观察和感受，每组需选出一位代表进行总结性发言。
这个环节有助于培养学生的团队协作和沟通交流能力。
三、作业要求：1. 作业应在规定时间内完成，并提交电子版和纸质版；2. 提交的文章应字迹清晰、逻辑清晰，不得抄袭；3. 讨论分享环节应积极发言，表达自己的观点；4. 作业应体现学生对中西方学校生活文化的理解和包容。
四、作业评价：1. 教师将根据学生的作业完成情况，包括阅读理解、文化观察和讨论分享等环节进行评价；2. 评价标准包括内容的准确性、完整性、逻辑性和表达的清晰度；3. 对于积极参与讨论和分享的学生，将给予额外的加分。
五、作业反馈：教师将在课后给予学生作业反馈，包括作业中的优点和不足，以及针对性的建议。
同时，鼓励学生之间互相交流、学习，共同提高。
通过本作业的设计，学生能够更全面地了解中西方学校生活的文化差异，增强跨文化交际意识，培养对不同文化的包容和理解。
同时，通过讨论分享和分组作业的形式，学生的团队协作和沟通交流能力也将得到锻炼。
在作业评价中，教师将根据学生的作业完成情况给出客观公正的评价，并针对不足之处提出建设性的建议，鼓励学生继续努力。
(0859)《跨文化交际》网上作业题及答案
[0859]《跨文化交际》第1批[填空题]10. Like the Japanese, the Chinese also prefer written ______ that would appear too general to American or French negotiators.参考答案：10. agreements[填空题]9. The differences in feminine and masculine styles of communication frequently lead to in cross-gender interaction.参考答案：9. gender[填空题]8. Edward Hall alerts us to the invisible aspects of culture and nonverbal communication, which he calls as " language” and "hidden dimension”.参考答案：8. silent[填空题]7. People from cultures schedule several activities at the same time, and time for them is more flexible and more human-centered.参考答案：7. P-time[填空题]6. communication expresses meaning or feeling without words.参考答案：6. Nonverbal[填空题]5. Beauty is only _____ deep.参考答案：5. skin[填空题]4. Understanding and appreciation of differences among cultures in cognitive processing and problem solving is a major step toward successful ______ communication.参考答案：4. intercultural[填空题]3. There is nothing more embarrassing than one's compliments hurting others _____ to different cultural values.参考答案：3. due[填空题]2. The purpose of the greeting is to ______ social contact, not to transfer information.参考答案：4. establish[填空题]1. In daily verbal communication, there are many _____ ways one must observe in order to maintain smooth cross-cultural interaction.参考答案：1. routine[判断题]10. High uncertainty and anxiety hinder effective intercultural communication to a different extent.参考答案：正确[判断题]9. The Eastern view of the universe is characteristically dualistic, materialistic, and lifeless while the Western view is profoundly holistic, dynamic, and spiritual.参考答案：错误[判断题]8. Due to the cultural differences, interpreting in intercultural encounters is possible but difficult.参考答案：正确[判断题]7. Cultural differences can generate positive impacts on negotiation as people can learn from each other.参考答案：错误[判断题]6.A lady might be feminine, masculine or a combination of both.参考答案：正确[判断题]1) 5. Environment is one of the five study areas that nonverbal communication covers.参考答案：正确[判断题]4. "Dragon” means the same to the Westerners as "龙” to the Chinese.参考答案：错误[判断题]3. Sometimes the Chinese way of showing modesty must be considered as fishingfor compliments.参考答案：正确[判断题]2. All cultures require and value politeness, but the ways in which politenessis ` achieved may vary significantly.参考答案：正确[判断题]1. All people of the same nationality will have the same culture.参考答案：错误第2批[论述题]Define the following terms:1. Nonverbal communication2. Body language/Kinesics3. world view4. the Judeo-Christian tradition5. knowledge6. stereotype参考答案：1. Nonverbal communication is the process by which nonverbal behaviors are used, either singly or in combination with verbal behaviors, in the exchange and interpretation of messages within a given situation or context.2. Body language refers to the meaning representing devices as facial expressions and eye behaviors, gestures, and postures.3. A comprehensive world view (or worldview) is the fundamental cognitive orientation of an individual or society encompassing natural philosophy; fundamental existential and normative postulates; or themes, values, emotions, and ethics4. Judeo?Christian (sometimes written as Judaeo?Christian) refers to a set of beliefs and ethics held in common by Judaism and Christianity. It is a common term in American cultural and political rhetoric.5. Knowledge is defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as (i) expertise, and skills acquired by a person through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject; (ii) what is known in a particular field or in total; facts and information; or (iii) awareness or familiarity gained by experience of a fact or situation.6. A stereotype or "stereotypes" is a commonly held public belief about specific social groups or types of individuals. The concepts of "stereotype" and "prejudice" are often confused with many other different meanings. Stereotypes are standardized and simplified conceptions of groups based on some prior assumptions.第3批[论述题]Define the following terms.1. nonverbal communication2. culture shock3. gender4. stereotype5. body language参考答案：1.Nonverbal communication is the process by which nonverbal behaviors are used, either singly or in combination with verbal behaviors, in theexchange and interpretation of messages within a given situation or context.2.Culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. The main cause of cultu re shock is displacement from our "home” culture. This lack of common experiences and familiar surroundings creates varying degrees of consequences.3.Gender and sex are not synonymous. Sex is determined by genetics and biology, while gender is produced and reproduced by society. Societies create meanings of gender; in turn, individuals become gendered as they embody social prescriptions in their personal identities.4.Stereotype is a complex form of categorization that mentally organizes our experiences and guides our behavior toward a particular group of people. There are a number of reasons that stereotypes, as a form of classification, hamper intercultural communication.5.Body language refers to the meaning representing devices as facial expressions and eye behaviors, gestures, and postures.[论述题]Analyze the following cases，and then answer the given questions.Case 1How would you explain the Director's behavior toward Katherine? How would you make the Director understand why Katherine felt frustrated and angry?Katherine came to Beijing in 1998 and found a job as an English teacher in a foreign language institute. Soon after her classes began, she found that her students showed no interest in her teaching style. Quite a few of them avoided attending her class. She was feeling quite upset and discouraged so she decided to ask the Director, Prof. Wang reviewed his timetable and suggested they meet at ten o` clock on Thursday morning. When Thursday came, Katherine arrived at Prof. Wang` office at the exactly ten o` clock finding him talking with another teacher in Chinese. Seeing that she had come, Prof. Wang smiled and gestured her to sit down. Katherine sat down and the professor excused himself and continued to talk with the other teacher. After five minutes, he finished hisconversation, and apologized to Katherine, and began to focus his attention on her situation. Prof. Wang showed great concern and asked her what the problem was. Just as she was discussing her problem, another Chinese teacher interrupted, with a form that required the Director` s signature. The Director smiled, apologized to Katherine again, and turned to talk with the Chinese teacher in Chinese. Katherine became impatient, and wondered why their discussion should be interrupted since she had made an appointment. Also, she was upset and frustrated that they continued to speak Chinese in front of her. Although their talk continued, she was apparently unhappy about what had happened.Case 2Why does Jay refuse to ask his professor or classmen to clarify the directions for his paper?Jay is having difficulty in writing a paper for his communication class, because he's not sure what the professor wants. When he mentions this to his friend Ellen, she suggests he ask the professor or a classmen to clarify directions. Jay refuses, saying "I can figure it out on my own”.参考答案：2. In this case, Jay's unwillingness to ask others for help in understanding his assignment is a sign of his masculine emphasis on independence. As some scholars point out rather humorously, men invariably resist asking directions when they are lost in the road while women do not hesitate to ask strangers for help. What we have discussed about gender identity help us understand this difference. Because women initially develop identity within the first relationships have an undertone of danger-they could jeopardize independence. So Jay's refusal to ask others for help reflects the masculine emphasis on maintaining autonomy and not appearing weak or incompetent. Unless Ellen realizes this difference between them, Jay's behavior will continue to baffle her.)[填空题]10.One of the most fundamental ways culture shapes our being is throughexplicit and implicit ________ about our relationship to the nature of the universe and to the non-human natural world.参考答案：10. teachings[填空题]9. Native speakers need to admit that difficulty in understanding _______ also occurs among native speakers and reminds non-native speakers to be open about explanations given.参考答案：9. humor[填空题]8. The American _______ is to conduct business in an efficient manner,while compromises may be part of the outcome.参考答案：8. n orm[填空题]7. The differences in feminine and masculine styles of communication frequently lead to ________in cross-gender interaction.参考答案：7. misunderstanding[填空题]6. communication expresses meaning or feeling without words.参考答案：6. Nonverbal[填空题]5.Understanding and appreciation of differences among cultures in cognitive processing and problem solving is a major step toward successful ______ communication.参考答案： 5. intercultural[填空题]pliments and compliment responses are an _______ part of daily verbal communication.参考答案：4. essential[填空题]3. Being unaware of the difference, intercultural communication ______ occurs here and there.参考答案：3. breakdown[填空题]2. When communicating with each other, each person ___________ and sends messages, and in turn receives and decodes messages.参考答案：2. encodes[填空题]1.Intercultural competence requires sufficient knowledge, suitable _______, and skilled actions.参考答案：1. motivations[单选题]10. The Chinese phrase "知识分子” has the same meaning as "intellectual”.A：TB：F参考答案：B[单选题]9.Although cultural stereotype has its limitations(over-generalization), it still contributes to a person's cultural cognition.A：TB：F参考答案：A[单选题]8.It is very important for nonnative speakers to learn to communicate incomprehension through idiomatic expressions as well as nonverbal gestures.A：TB：F参考答案：A[单选题]7.We should avoid unconsciously adopting our cultural rules and norms in communication in the American or British context.A：TB：F参考答案：A[单选题]6.In Asian cultures, signed agreements are far less important than keeping the interdependent, interwoven organizations involved in a good relationship.A：TB：F参考答案：A[单选题]5. The first and last principle for effective cross-gender communication is suspending judgment.A：TB：F参考答案：A[单选题]4. The social functions of Chinese and English compliments are roughly the same.A：TB：F参考答案：A[单选题]3. There are as many similarities as dissimilarities between English proverbs and Chinese proverbs.A：TB：F参考答案：B[单选题]2. The Chinese way of showing concern is usually appreciated by the Westerners.A：TB：F参考答案：B[单选题]1. Culture is a static entity while communication is a dynamic process.A：TB：F参考答案：B第4批[判断题]8.It is very important for nonnative speakers to learn to communicate incomprehension through idiomatic expressions as well as nonverbal gestures.参考答案：正确[判断题]7.We should avoid unconsciously adopting our cultural rules and norms in communication in the American or British context.参考答案：正确[判断题]5. The first and last principle for effective cross-gender communication is suspending judgment.参考答案：正确[判断题]4. The social functions of Chinese and English compliments are roughly the same.参考答案：正确[判断题]2. The Chinese way of showing concern is usually appreciated by the Westerners.参考答案：错误[判断题]1. Culture is a static entity while communication is a dynamic process.参考答案：错误[判断题]9.Although cultural stereotype has its limitations(over-generalization), it still contributes to a person's cultural cognition.参考答案：正确[论述题]Analyze the following casesCase 1Why did the two Korean interpreters continue to study the Chinese female teachers` trousers?In 1987, a delegation consisting of four Chinese English experts went to Pingyong Foreign Language University to train faculty to be top-level simultaneous interpreters for the 13th International Youth Festival. Of the four experts, two were men and two were women. The two men were dressed in suits with ties and the two women were typically dressed in trousers and their typical business clothes. An authority from Pingyong Foreign Language University and two Korean interpreters greeted them at the Pingyong Railway Station. Surprisingly, while exchanging a few formal remarks, the two interpreters` eyes consistently observed the two Chinese female teachers' trousers. The younger teacher, sensed something and repeatedly checked their trousers and shoes to see if they were dirty or marked. About half an hour later, they arrived at the hotel where they would be staying during their mission. The two interpreters showed eachof them to their rooms to give them an opportunity to freshen up before the formal introductions. In a couple of minutes, the four Chinese teachers gathered in one of the rooms, where the head of the university and the two interpreters introduced themselves further and briefed them on the training program. While talking, the two interpreters seemed to continue to study the two female teachers` trousers. At first, they thought that the Korean interpreters were too embarrassed to look straight in the eyes of a woman. Later this assumption was proved wrong. The four Chinese teachers remained a bit puzzled and did not know what was going on…Case 2Could you explain to Dick why Chen Liang walked into the cafeteria without waiting for him？After graduating from Beijing International Studies University, Chen Liang pursued an MA program at a university in Boston, the U.S. Early in the program, he made friends with some of the American friends, Dick, asked Chen to join him in the university cafeteria. On their way they ran into Dick's girlfriend, Lisa, who was on her way to a lecture. Walking shoulder to shoulder, Dick and Lisa carried on an intimate conversation, as if they hadn't seen each other for ages. Meanwhile, Chen Liang was walking behind them, not taking part in the conversation. When they were nearing the cafeteria Lisa said she had to leave for the lecture. Dick turned away and walked off toward the cafeteria. When Dick looked up, he saw Chen waking into the cafeteria. Dick was puzzled as to why Chen didn't wait for him, and went to the cafeteria alone.参考答案：1. Comment: this is a typical cultural clash between Chinese and Westerners. There is a great difference in the concept of appointment and its behavior pattern in different cultures. To Americans, an appointment is a confirmation to meet at a precise time. If an appointment is scheduled, both parties should respect the appointment time, it should not be interrupted by other things or people. In addition, Westerners are goodtimekeepers; they adhere strictly to schedules. However, Chinese view appointment in a more flexible manner. They are more causal about commitments. This difference in attitudes toward appointment was the roof of Katherine` s unhappiness. Since the Director made a ten o` clock appointment, he should have tried to avoid any interruption. However, when Katherine arrived on time, the Director was still talking with another teacher. When their meeting finally began, it was interrupted again. There is no wonder Katherine became frustrated and angry.2. Suggested answer:In public, the norms of expressing one's feeling and affections toward the opposite sex vary across culture. In Asia and some countries around the Mediterranean Sea, it is acceptable to have body contact between the same sexes in public, but not between the opposite sexes, especially in front of the friends. Chen left because he felt awkward witnessing them hugging and kissing. This shows that Dick knows nothing about the natural response of the Chinese to certain behaviors. Similarly, Chen Liang's behavior shows that he is also in the dark about American behaviors.[填空题]9. In broad terms, nonverbal communication covers four areas: timelanguage (temporal language or chronemics), space language (spatial language or proxemics), language(body movement orkinesics), and paralanguage (voice modulation).参考答案：9. body[论述题]Define the following terms.1. nonverbal communication2. economic globalization3. gender4. linear time5. intercultural communication competence参考答案：1.Nonverbal communication is the process by which nonverbal behaviors are used, either singly or in combination with verbal behaviors, in the exchange and interpretation of messages within a given situation or context.2.No country is the dominant economic force in the world. Economic expansion in globalization has resulted in multinational corporations participating in joint ventures, licensing agreements and other international business arrangements.3.Gender and sex are not synonymous. Sex is determined by genetics and biology, while gender is produced and reproduced by society. Societies create meanings of gender; in turn, individuals become gendered as they embody social prescriptions in their personal identities.4.The West views time either as an arrow or as a moving river that comes from a distant place in the past and goes to an equally distant place in the future. In this linear view of time, history is goal-directed and gradually progressing in a certain direction.5.Intercultural communication competence (ICC competence) is the ability to effectively and appropriately execute communication behaviors to elicit a desired response in a specific environment.[判断题]10. The Chinese phrase "知识分子” has the same meaning as "intellectual”.参考答案：错误[判断题]6.In Asian cultures, signed agreements are far less important than keeping the interdependent, interwoven organizations involved in a good relationship.参考答案：正确[判断题]3. There are as many similarities as dissimilarities between English proverbs and Chinese proverbs.参考答案：错误[填空题]10.According to researchers, there are two primary influences ongender : family communication, particularly betweenmothers and children, and recreational interaction among children.参考答案：10. socialization[填空题]8. Like the Japanese, the Chinese also prefer written ______ that would appear too general to American or French negotiators.参考答案：8. agreements[填空题]7. To develop ________means being able to see things from the point ofview of others so that we can better know and adjust to the other people.参考答案：7. empathy[填空题]6. We need to understand what is ordinarily done in a _______ in order to understand and laugh at messages that are the " out of the ordinary”.参考答案：6. culture[填空题]5.A term in one language does not necessarily have a ______ in the other language.参考答案：5. counterpart[填空题]4.There is nothing more embarrassing than one's compliments hurtingothers _____ to different cultural values.参考答案：4. due[填空题]３．Understanding and appreciation of differences among cultures in cognitive processing and problem solving is a major step toward successful ______ communication.参考答案：3. intercultural[填空题]２．Being unaware of the difference, intercultural communication ______ occurs here and there.参考答案：2. breakdown[填空题]1.Intercultural communication occurs whenever there is communication between people from different cultural ______________.参考答案：1. backgrounds。
跨文化交际课堂作业题及答案(1)
Part I. Directions: There are 30 questi ons in this sect ion. For each questi on there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the RIGHT ONE that can best complete the question.1. According to Marxist philosophy, globalization is what people in the third world have already experieneed forseveral cen turies. It is called _______ .A. moder ni zati onB. coloni zati onC. in dustrializati onD. intern alizati on2. _______ t akes place when individuals become an integral part of the new culture while maintaining theircultural in tegrity.A. Culture shockB. I ntegrati onC. Cultural ide ntityD. Acculturati on3. _______ r efers to any thi ng that distorts the message the source en codes.A. NoiseB. MessageC. SourceD. Con text4. _______ i s typically used to refer to the study of a particular idea or con cept with in many cultures. The goal ofsuch in vestigati ons is to con duct a series of in tercultural an alyses in order to compare on culture to ano ther on the attributes of in terest.A. In tereth nic com mun icatio nB. In terracial com muni cati onC. Cross-cultural com mun icatio nD. I ntercultural com muni cati on5. ________ r efers to belief in and reverence for a super natural power or powers regarded as creator and gover norof the uni verse.A. BeliefB. Religio nC. IdealD. Value6. _____ refers to attach ing meaning to sense data and is synonym ous with decodi ng.A. Percepti onB. I nterpretatio nC. Sen sati onD. Selectio n7. _____ is any policy, practice, belief or attitude that attributes characteristics or status to individuals based ontheir race.8. ____ style uses moderate amount of talk with low uncertainty culture.A. ElaborateB. Exact ingC. Succ inct 9. Direct pla n is favored by __ cultures with deductive patter ns.A. results-orie ntedB. relati on ship-orie ntedC. missi on-orie nted 10. ___ is the study of how people perceive and use time.A. Chron emicsB. ProxemicsC. Ki nesicsD. Oculesics11. ___ is the traditional way of greeting in Northeast Asian countries like Korea and Japan.A. BowingB. Firm han dshakeC. Embrac ingD. Han dshake with slight pressure12. ________ stresses that it is importa nt that others ' behavior is no Ion ger evaluated as good or bad, as through the filtering cultural lenses, but that people have different approaches to different people.A. Ethnocen trismB. Ethno logyC. Ethno relativityD. Ethn opsychology13. ________ refers to the specific behaviors through which individuals capacity to express cognitive andaffective experie nces outwardly is show n.A. The cog nitive compete neeB. The motive compete neeC. The behavioral compete neeD. The affective compete nee14. ___ style focuses on the speaker and role relati on ships. People with such com muni cati on style stress highpower dista nee. This style is popular in collectivist and high-c on text culture.A. Con textualB. Pers onalC. Succ inctD. Elaborate15. Which of the followi ng stateme nts about macro-culture is true ___A. It emphasizes the com mon ality of huma n n eeds.B. It implies losi ng eth nic differe nces and formi ng one large society.C. It can be defi ned as cultures with in cultures.D. It is a new culture.16. Which of the followi ng stateme nts about i ntercultural com mun icatio n is not true _A. It is com muni catio n betwee n people of differe nt cultures.B. We n eed un dersta nding and accepta nee in in tercultural com muni cati on.C. During the process of in tercultural com muni cati on, one should turn one ' s back on one ' s owD. We should develop tolera nee and accepta nee in in tercultural com mun icati on.17. ___ , although also part of the dominant culture, are groups with which the dominant culture does not agreewith and with which it has com munication problems.A. World culturesB. SubgroupsC. MicroculturesD. Co-cultures18. ___ is the socializati on process you go through to adapt to your society.A. Deculturati onB. Acculturati on19. _____ refers to the traumatic experie nee that an in dividual may encoun ter whe n en teri ng a differe nt culture.A. SexismB. CollectivismC. RacismD. I ndividualismavoida nee, and is com mon in low-c on textD. Con textualD. process-orie ntedC. Assimilatio nD. En culturati onA. Dissimilatio nB. Assimilatio nC. In tegrati onD. Culture shock20. ____ refers to that porti on of the receiver resp onse of which the source has kno wledge and to which the sourceatte nds and assig ns meaning.A. ReceiverB. Decod ingC. En codi ngD. Feedback21. ____ refers to com mun icatio n betwee n people whose cultural percepti ons and symbol systems are disti neteno ugh to alter the com muni cati on event.A. I ntereth nic Communi cati onC. I ntracultural com muni cati on22. deals with a society Truth. B. In terracial Communi catio nD. Intercultural communication's toleranee for uncertainty and ambiguity; it ultimately refers to manA. Cultural valuesB. Power dista neeC. Cultural dime nsionD. Un certa inty avoida nee23. The ____ dimension measures a culture dominant values ranging from aggressivemasculine traits to nurturingfemi nine traits.A. cultural valuesB. power dista neeC. masculi ni ty-femi ninityD. un certa inty avoida nee24. Cultures in which less has to be said or writte n because more of the mea ning is in the physical environment oralready shared by people are ____ .A. direct con textB. i ndirect con textC. low con textD. high con text25. ____ is assu ming that a pers on has certa in qualities (good or bad) just because the pers on is a member of aspecific group.A. RacismB. PrejudiceC. SexismD. Stereotyp ing26. __ refers to some words or acti ons that are avoided by a particular group of people, or in certa in culture for religiousor social reas ons.A. EuphemismB. TabooC. ArgotD. Dialect27. While the highest goal of com muni catio n in the Easter n Cultures is to achieve ________ , the highest goal ofcom muni cati on in the West is to achieve the practical cooperati on from others.A. proprietyB. further relati on shipC. practical purposeD. defi nite result28. ____ is the term used for communicating through various types of body movements including facialexpressions, gestures, posture and stanee, and other mannerisms that may accompany or replace oral massages.A. ChromaticsB. OlfacticsC. HapticsD. Ki nesics29. ____ in some cultures is an art and is con sidered an in tegral part of buildi ng in tercultural professi onal and socialrelati on ship.A. Embraci ngB. Tippi ngC. Gift givi ngD. Etiquette30. The ________ aspects of in tercultural com muni cati on compete nee are the men tal capacities of comprehe nsion andability to un dersta nd the meanings of various verbal and non verbal codes.A. cog nitiveB. motiveC. behavioralD. affectivePart II. True or False.Directions: There are 10 statements in this section. Write T for TRUE, Ffor FALSE1. Values refer to rules for appropriate behaviors, which provide the expectations people have of one anther and of others.2. The similarity of the original culture to the new host culture is one of the most important factors in successful acculturati on.3. The symbols huma n beings use are objective.4. Four values fun dame ntal to wester n ethics are aut onomy, resp on sibility, care, justice.5. Different from the belief subjugation to nature,western people believe they are the masters of the nature..6. The Un ited States can clearly be see n as collectivism.7. Although stereotypes are con sidered as being n egative judgme nts, they can also be positive.8. In the Russian states, thebear hug" may follow a strong, firm handshake between good male friends.9. All words can find the coun terparts in ano ther Ian guage.10. People in the United States like the bo'natural smell so they seldom wear fragranee.Part III. Terms Interpretation1. In tercultural com muni cati on2. Culture3. Communi cati on4. Un certa inty avoida nee5. High con text6. Stereotype7. Taboo8. Non verbal com mun icati on参考答案Part I. Multiple Choice1-5 BBACB 6-10 BCBAA 11-15 ACCAB16-20 ACABC 21-25 AADAA 26-30 ABCDAPart II. True or False.1-5: FTFTT 6-10: .FTTFFPart III. Terms1. I ntercultural com muni cati on refers to com mun icati on betwee n people whose cultural percepti ons and symbolsystems are dist inct eno ugh to alter the com muni cati on event2. Culture is a lear ned set of shared in terpretati ons about beliefs, values, and no rms, which affect the behavior ofa relatively large group of people.is the percepti on of verbal (worded) and non verbal (without words) behaviors and the assig nment of meaning to them avoidance measures how much ambiguity people will endure and how much risk they like to takeOr It deals with a society 'tolerancefor uncertainty and ambiguity; it ultimately refers to man 'search for truth in which less has to be said or written because more of the meaning is in the physical environment or already shared by people are high con textis more broadly used to refer to n egative or positive judgme nts made about in dividuals based on any observable or believed group membershiprefers to some words or acti ons that are avoided by a particular group of people, or in certa in culture for religious or social reas onscom mun icatio n refers to inten ti onal use of non spoke n symbol to com muni cate a specific message。
跨文化交际 作业论文
Term Paper Requirements for Intercultural Communication篇幅：不少于400 words格式：打印，Times New Roman字体, 小四号字，1.5倍行距截止日期：6月12日15:30-16:00，DJ1-116写作要求：从以下主题中选择一个写作，标题自拟，观点明确，思路清晰，论证充分Topics:1. What are the potential problems of interculturalcommunication? Have you ever experienced anyintercultural communication barriers? If any, how do you deal with them?2. “Culture is shared, learned behavior that is transmittedby one generation to another.” What does this statement mean to you in terms of your own personal development?3. Using examples from the English language, discuss howthe language offers insight into some cultural beliefs and attitudes of the British/American people.4. Successful intercultural communication depends not onlyon what we say and the manner in which we say it, butalso on the behavior we display. Use examples to support this statement.The Potential Problems of Intercultural CommunicationWith the development of economic globalization,the potential problems of intercultural communication that arise in interactions between people from different cultures.I have never experienced any intercultural communication barriers,but to learn the course of coss cultural communication.I have learned s lot of information about Intercultural Communication.As far as I am concerned,there are many problems in intercultural communication.Firstly,the language barrier is a major obstacle in cross-cultural communication.For example,two people from different countries, speaking different languages and knew nothing about each other's languages, even they can make use of means of communication such as gestures, figures, but because of the language barrier, the two sides is difficult to understand each other very well.Secondly, non- verbal behavior information is fuzzy complex and unconscious.So it is difficult for us to understand other countries’ culture.Thirdly, intercultural communication has other problems.For one,culture set which is used to organize and simplify the perception of others as a selection process. Cultural stereotype is often highly infectious, once formed, ingrained, will be in quite long period of time to be used in groups or individuals.And it affects information processing method, the problem simplistic, generalization and exaggerate.Even cultural stereotype is strong in an attempt to get the facts out.For another, cultural bias. It is often distorted, misleading in intercultural communication.What’s more,it is ethnocentrism.Ethnocentrism is a kind of thought culture is superior to other cultures, the broad sense is to members of other groups.It will lead to the speaker on the misrepresentations, misleading people to other groups to make false assumptions. Last but not least,the psychology of a stranger would make two strangers meet willgenerate tension, alert, withdrawal or defense psychological tendency.To sum up,I found some methods to overcome the potential problems.First of all, To obtain the knowledge of the target culture and communication skills.As well as the position, emotion, behavior patterns transmit the native culture to the target culture.Then developing the ability of language, communicative competence, pragmatic competence.For instance,fostering the intercultural awareness to strengthen cultural exchanges.Then we should do as the Romans do the degree of master that we called "Seek common ground on major issues while reserving differences on minor points".Finally,to imaginate and share the emotions and experience with others in cross-cultural communication.All in all,people of different cultures appear a series of problems when they communicate to others.But we must know the potential barriers to the formation and find out the feasible countermeasures to overcome obstacles.So that we will promote the world cultural exchange and development.。
跨文化交际课后作业
Judy and Carman are talking with each other, while their children are playing together. Through the conversation between Judy and Carman, there are some problems. Judy has invited Carman for a date for twice but actually she never said an exact time so they didn’t get together. Is Judy dissatisfied with Carman? Absolutely not, so why?According the seven C’s Principles of Communication, effective communication has features of completeness, conciseness, consideration, concreteness, courtesy, clearness and correctness. However, Judy’s invitation didn’t satisfy the principles of completeness, concreteness and clearness. Judy’s invitation is noneffective. And there are four reasons for why she said that：Firstly, she wants to be polite to Carman. They are talking friendly and this sentences express Judy being respectful of Carman. Secondly, she wants to make the conversation closer. In the beginning, they all sharing their own things about their children and family, Judy’s invitation makes association between them, which could help them a closer relation. Thirdly, that makes it easy to start a conversation when they meet again. There is always topic for them to talk with each other the next time they meet. Finally, maybe she wants to end this conversation.I n conclusion, Judy’s noneffective invitation means that she doesn’t want to invite Carman, and that’s just a formula. Carman should know this formula when Judy invites her without exact and detailed information.。
人教版英语八年级上册Unit4单元整体教学设计
3.创设情境，邀请学生参与一个餐厅点餐的角色扮演游戏，让学生在轻松愉快的氛围中自然导入新课。
（二）讲授新知
1.引导学生关注课文中的新词汇和短语，如：menu, order, soup, main course, dessert等，并通过例句展示其用法。
2.讲解一般现在时在餐厅场景中的应用，通过课文实例分析，让学生明白时态的用法和意义。
3.教授目标句型，如：“What would you like to order?”, “I'd like...”, “How about...?”等，并组织学生进行模仿练习。
4.通过互动式白板，展示不同餐厅场景的图片，引导学生用所学知识进行描述和交流。
4.鼓励学生进行自主学习，培养他们发现问题、解决问题的能力。
5.注重形成性评价，及时了解学生的学习进度，调整教学策略。
（三）情感态度与价值观
在本章节的学习中，学生将形成以下情感态度与价值观：
1.培养学生的合作意识，让他们在小组活动中学会相互帮助、共同进步。
2.培养学生的跨文化意识，使他们尊重并欣赏不同国家的饮食文化。
人教版英语八年级上册Unit4单元整体教学设计
一、教学目标
（一）知识与技能
在本章节的学习中，学生将掌握以下知识与技能：
1.掌握本单元的词汇和短语，如：restaurant, menu, order, soup, main course, dessert等，并能熟练运用这些词汇进行日常交流。
2.学会使用一般现在时描述餐厅的场景和点餐过程，如：“The waiter brings us the menu. We look at the menu and decide what to order.”
管理沟通-平时作业一
第一章绪论：沟通在管理中起到什么样的作用？答：沟通就是人与人之间、人与群体之间思想与感情得传递与反馈得过程，以求思想达成致与感情得通畅。
无论就是在平时得日常生活中，还就是在企业得管理中，沟通无处不在无时不起作用；在管理上沟通可以说成是润滑剂、粘合剂、甚至是催化剂的作用。
1、良好的沟通有助于改进领导者以及员工做出的决策，管理人员在指定一些方针，政策时，会有做得不够全面的地方，甚至不能够结合实际情况进行根本性的解决问题，那么管理就需要从沟通的方式中从员工获取大量的信息情报指定新的完善的方案，让员工能够主动提出建议，提高了管理人员与员工的团队意识，从而解决问题2、沟通能促使职工协调有效的开展工作，协调沟通能促使各部门相处融洽，从何使工作更富有粘性，在沟通中更能够把所有有可能发生的问题消灭在萌芽中，让公司能够走的更远。
3、沟通有利于形成氛围良好、有战斗力的团队，同时内部良好的人际关系高不开沟通思想上和感情上的沟通可以增强彼此的了解，消除误解、隔阔和清忌，即使不能达到完全的理解，至少也可取得谅解，使单位形成团结一致，“劲往一处使”和谐的组织氛围。
第二章客体沟通策略：如何根据上司类型进行沟通？答：根据不同上司的特征，就可以采取相应的策略以实现与不同对象的有效沟通。
我把如何向上司进行有效的沟通梳理如下几点：1、不要把某件事不会做当成拒绝的理由2、不要把没时间作为藉口。
3、千万不要忘记领导的安排。
4、不要和他人攀比，特别是犯错误时，更不能和领导相提并论。
5、不要把责任推给别人，勇于承担，哪怕是错误的事情，因为领导是想看的一位有担当的人而不是遇到问题后退缩。
第三章主体沟通策略（二选一）自我沟通有何用处？答：自我沟通的作用：1、“要说服她人，首先要说服自己”一—从内心认同工作得价值与说服理由2、自我沟通技能得开发与提升就是成功管理得基本素质3、以内在沟通解决外在间题：目标在外部一一自我沟通就是内在与外在得到统一得联结点。
《Unit 10 You're supposed to shake hands. Section B
《You're supposed to shake hands. Section B 1a-1d》作业设计方案（第一课时）一、作业目标本课时的作业设计旨在巩固学生对《You're supposed to shake hands》这一课所学内容的理解与掌握，重点在于让学生能够正确理解和运用shake hands（握手）的礼貌礼仪及其文化内涵，加深学生对英美国家习俗的理解和语言感知，培养其跨文化交际的能力。
二、作业内容本次作业分为听、说、读、写四个部分，具体如下：1. 听力训练：要求学生在家中反复听读Section B 1a-1d的录音材料，注意模仿语音语调，并尝试复述内容。
2. 口语练习：设计一个场景，让学生与家人或朋友进行模拟对话，用所学到的“握手”的交际用语进行练习，并尝试在不同场合运用。
3. 阅读理解：提供一篇与本课内容相关的短文，要求学生阅读并回答问题，理解文化习俗的背景和意义。
4. 写作练习：要求学生以“My Understanding of Shaking Hands”为题，写一篇短文，表达自己对握手的看法和理解。
三、作业要求1. 听力训练：要求学生在听录音时，注意语音语调，尽量模仿，并尝试复述内容。
家长可陪同孩子一起听，帮助孩子纠正发音和语调。
2. 口语练习：场景对话要贴近生活实际，注意运用所学到的交际用语。
家长可协助孩子寻找合适的对话伙伴，并鼓励孩子多加练习。
3. 阅读理解：阅读短文时，要理解文化习俗的背景和意义，回答问题时要准确、完整。
4. 写作练习：短文要条理清晰，观点明确，用词准确，语法正确。
学生可以先列出提纲，再开始写作。
家长可帮助孩子检查语法和拼写错误。
四、作业评价本次作业的评价将综合学生的听力、口语、阅读和写作四个方面进行。
老师将根据学生的完成情况、准确性、流畅性、语言表达等方面进行评价，并给出相应的反馈和建议。
对于表现优秀的学生，将给予表扬和鼓励；对于存在问题的学生，将提供指导和帮助，帮助他们改正错误，提高能力。
新编跨文化交际英语教程答案详解
-导言"新编跨文化交际英语教程·教师用书”主要是为使用"新编跨文化交际英语教程”教师配套的教学指南。
"新编跨文化交际英语教程”是在原有"跨文化交际英语教程”的基础上经过全面、系统修订而成，我们对全书做了较大的更新和完善，调整和增补了许多材料，力求使其更具时代性，更适合教学实际和学生需求。
为了进一步推进跨文化交际教学，在多年从事跨文化交际教学和研究的基础上，我们又特地编写了这本"新编跨文化交际英语教程·教师用书”，希望能对使用本教材进行教学的广大教师们，尤其是初次使用这本教材的教师们提供一些必要的引导和实质性的帮助。
为此，我们尽可能地为各单元中几乎所有的部分和项目都提供了参考提示。
除此之外，还补充了一些取自跨文化交际学重要著作的选段，供教师进一步了解相关背景知识和理论基础，以拓宽视野，有利于更好地进行教学。
同时我们还在书后附上了推荐的中文阅读书目（英文阅读书目可参看**外语教育的"跨文化交际丛书”系列）和有关跨文化交际的部分电影资料简介。
"新编跨文化交际英语教程”主要适用于高等学校英语专业教学中的跨文化交际课程，旨在通过课堂教学及相关活动使学生认识跨文化交际对当代世界所具有的重要意义和作用，了解文化对人类生活各个方面、尤其是交际活动的制约和影响，理解并把握交际活动的重要性、丰富性、复杂性，熟悉跨文化交际的基本构成以及所涉及的各种因素，培养跨文化意识，形成和发展对文化差异的敏感和宽容、以及处理文化差异问题的灵活性，提高使用英语进行跨文化交际的技能，为最终获得与不同文化背景人们进行深入交流的能力奠定基础。
通过使用本教材，教师也可从中获得更多有关文化（包括我们自己文化和外族文化）和跨文化交际的知识。
这本教材共分为10个单元，涉及全球化时代的交际问题、文化与交际、各类文化差异、语言与文化、跨文化言语交际、跨文化非言语交际、时间与空间使用上的文化、跨文化感知、跨文化适应、跨文化能力等，包括了跨文化交际的各个方面，对其中一些重要问题都有相对深入的介绍与探讨。
初中优秀特色作业
初中优秀特色作业
一、语文篇——“阅读与创作”特色作业
1. 阅读札记：
学生在假期中选取一本名著进行深度阅读，并撰写阅读札记，内容包括但不限于主题分析、人物性格剖析、精彩片段摘录及个人感悟等。
要求图文并茂，可适当加入思维导图或手绘插图。
2. 微型剧本创作：
根据所学课文或者课外读物中的故事改编成微型剧本，鼓励学生自行组织排练并在班级内表演，锻炼学生的想象力、创新能力以及团队协作能力。
二、数学篇——“生活中的数学应用”实践作业
1. 数学日记：
学生记录一周生活中遇到的数学问题及其解决过程，如购物时的价格比较、家庭预算制定、路程计算等，让学生感受数学在日常生活中的实际运用。
2. 数学建模项目：
选择一个生活中的实际问题（如城市交通拥堵问题、小区绿化面积规划等），引导学生利用所学知识建立数学模型，并提出解决方案。
三、英语篇——“跨文化交际”实践作业
1. 国际友人书信交流：
利用网络平台与国外同龄人进行英文书信交流，了解不同国家的文化习俗，提高书面表达和跨文化交际能力。
2. 英语配音秀：
选择一部英文动画短片或电影片段进行配音，并录制视频，提交作品的同时附上台词理解和角色揣摩的文字说明。
四、科学实验报告——“动手做科学”探究性作业
学生自主选择或教师指定一项科学实验，如观察种子发芽过程、制作简易太阳能小车等，完成实验后，编写详细的实验报告，包括实验目的、步骤、结果、结论及反思等部分。
以上各科特色作业旨在打破传统作业模式，倡导主动学习和实践
探索，培养学生的创新思维、批判性思考和解决问题的能力，使作业不仅成为检验学习成果的工具，更成为促进学生全面发展的有效途径。
跨文化交际采访报告
种藐视。
最为注意的是与尼日利亚人交谈的时候，不要盯视对方，他们忌讳对方盯视自己，因为这是不尊重人的举止。
而中国人认为聊天时看着对方的眼睛是一种尊重。
3.对客人问长问短，可能会侵犯客人的隐私，或者有些问题是客人不愿回答的，这时客人可能会表现出不耐烦，尼日利亚人在往后的交往中对那一个客人可能不会再像最初的那么热情。
4.随着社会的不断发展，等级观念会不会越来越减弱。
因为等级观念是一种落后的、封建的文化。
在社会发展的定义上，可以说是错误的思想观念。
作业三：《跨文化采访报告》40%跨文化采访报告1.基本情况:采访者的基本情况Name: ***Date of birth:Male/Female: FemaleCountry: ChinaRegion of country where you live：In the Asian region Religion：noLanguages I speak：Chinese被采访者的基本情况Name: Ma KeDate of birth: 1997-3-16Male/Female:MaleCountry : NigeriaRegion of country where he/she live: AfricaWhere is he/she living now? He is Live in China Religion：IslamLanguages he/ she speak: English2.在采访前你对采访对象和采访话题的预期和采访后的感觉是否有差距? 差距有多大?(5%)有差距差距有点大对采访对象：采访对象很热情，和他聊天非常的有趣。
尼日利亚有许多部落，所以各族习俗和文化有很大的差别。
有一个部落十分注重礼节，但是马可告诉我他所在的部落虽然注重礼仪，但是并没有那么严肃。
而且他对其他部落的礼仪文化也有一定的了解。
对采访话题：他们那边的大部分人都是待人比较热情友好的，对待陌生人也如此。
华师17年3月课程考试《跨文化交际》作业考核试题
17春华师17年3月课程考试《跨文化交际》作业考核试题一、单选题（共20 道试题，共40 分。
）1. ______ is a grammatical category of nouns in English，as illustrated by the simple sentence “We are students”. ()。
A. PersonB. CaseC. NumberD. Degree正确答案：2. A: What kind of material do you want me to bring? B: We are in need of many kinds of material. B' s response would be regarded by Americans as()。
A. something urgentB. too greedyC. too generousD. insufficient（不足的）information正确答案：3. “Greenhouse”in English and “温室”in Chinese differ in their ______ meaning. ()A. socialB. conceptualC. thematicD. reflected正确答案：4. “黑面包”can be translated into ()。
A. brown breadB. dark breadC. black breadD. red bread正确答案：5. ______ is，perhaps，the best known subject in which the interaction between language，thought and culture is investigated. ()。
A. Nonverbal communicationB. Intercultural communicationC. Verbal communicationD. Translation正确答案：6. -would you like some more soup? ' －______. It is delicious, but I've had enough.()。
跨文化交际问题作业
Get prepared for intercultural communication?Communication——your ability to share your beliefs, values, ideas, and feelings ——is the basis of all human contact. Whether you live in a city in Canada, a village in India, a commune in Israel, you cannot avoid communication with each other. But how about communication between different cultures? Are you well prepared for that? Before you do that, there are a few points you’d better keep in mind as stated below.What is intercultural communicationIntercultural communication in its most basic form refers to an academic field of study and research. Its seeks to understand how people from different countries and cultures behave, communicate and perceive the world around them. The findings of such academic research are then applied to 'real life' situations such as how to create cultural synergy between people from different cultures within a business or how psychologists understand their patients. The definition of intercultural communication must also include strands of the field that contribute to it such as anthropology, cultural studies, psychology and communication.Intercultural communication is not new. As long as people from different cultures have been encountering one another there has been intercultural communication. What is new, however, is the systematic study of exactly what happens when cross-culture contacts and interaction take place—when message producer and message receiver are from different cultures. Increased contact among cultures makes it imperative for people to make a concerted effort to get along with and understand those whose believes and backgrounds may be vastly different from their own. Successful intercultural communication is a matter of highest importance if humankind and society are to survive. Thus, theoretical and practical knowledge about intercultural communication process and ability, through increased awareness and understanding, to coexist peacefully with people who do not necessarily share our own life styles or values, is essential to guarantee successful communication.Language is a way of marking cultural identity. Language differs, on the other hand, from other phenomena in that it is used to refer to other phenomena and hasusually to be used to refer beyond itself. Language in use by particular speakers is constantly referring beyond itself irrespective at the intentions of the speaker: language cannot be used without carrying meaning and referring beyond itself, even in the most sterile environment of the foreign language class. The meanings of a particular language point to the culture of a particular social group, and the analysis of those meanings—their comprehension by learners and other speakers—involves the analysis and comprehension of that culture. It disregards the nature of language to treat language independently of the culture which it constantly refers to. No doubt all language teaching contains some explicit reference to the culture; the whole from which the particular language is taken. The interdependence of language learning and culture learning is so evident that we can draw the conclusion that language learning is culture learning and consequently that language teaching is culture teaching.What are elements of human communicationElements of human communication are the context of the communication, the participants, the messages being communicated, the channels through which the communication occurs, the presence or absence of “noise”, and the verbal and nonverbal responses known as feedback.As receivers attempt to decode the meaning of messages, they are likely to give some kind of verbal or nonverbal response. Paying attention to both verbal and nonverbal feedback allows us to behave in ways that increase understanding of our messages. Feedback serves useful functions for both senders and receivers: in provides senders with the opportunity to measure how they are coming across, and it provides receivers with the opportunity to exert some influence over the communication process. Verbal communication is, "the ways in which you use the words in a language to generate meaning." It is essentially any communication that uses language, whether it is oral or written. Symbols are used throughout verbal communication as sounds combined to make words-they symbolize ideas, thoughts, etc. Without symbols, communication would be meaningless.How High-context and Low- context cultures influence intercultural communicationAccording to Hall, cultures differ on a continuum that ranges from high to low context. High-context cultures prefer to use high- context messages which are implicit, indirect, conveyed primarily through the context or the social situation. Low-context cultures prefer to use low-context messages, in which the majority of the information is vested in the explicit code. There are manifestations of high-context and low-context cultures that influence intercultural communication. for example, members of low-context cultures expect messages to be detailed, clear-cut, and definite. If there are not enough data, or if the point being made is not apparent, members of these cultures will ask very blunt, even curt, questions. They feel uncomfortable with the vagueness and ambiguity often associated with limited data. On the other hand, high-context people are not apt to become impatient and irritated when low- context people insist on giving them information they don’t need. The communication differences between high-context and low-context cultures are also apparent in the manner in which each approach conflict. For example, because high-context cultures tend to be less open, they hold that conflict is damaging to most communication encounters. For them, conflict should be dealt with discreetly and subtly.What is the relationship between language and cultureAccording to Sapir (1921), “language is a purely human and non-instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions and desire by means of voluntarily produced symbols.” Language is a part of culture and a part of human behavior. It is obvious that language plays a paramount role in developing, elaborating and transmitting culture and language, enabling us to store meanings and experience to facilitate communication. The function of language is so important in communication that it is even exaggerated by some scholars. The most famous one is the hypothesis of linguistic determinism concerning the relationship between language and culture, which Nida regards as misconceptions constituting serious difficulties forcross-cultural understanding.Each culture has its own peculiarities and throws special influence on the language system. For example, referring to the same common domestic animal, English chooses the word “dog”, while Chinese has its own character“狗”; Chinese has the phrase“走狗”while English has the e xpression “running dog”, but the meanings attributed to the two expressions are completely different according to Chinese culture and Western culture respectively. To Westerners, “running dog” has a positive meaning since the word “dog”, in most cases, is associated with an image of an animal pet－the favorite friend, thus they have the phrases “lucky dog”（幸运儿）, “top dog”（胜利者）, “old dog”（老手）, “gay dog”（快乐的人）, and it is usually used to describe everyday life and behavior, as in “Love me, love my dog”（爱屋及乌），“Every dog has its day”（凡人皆有得意日）. But in Chinese“走狗”refers to a lackey, an obsequious person. Since Chinese associates derogatory meaning to the character“狗”depending on the cultural difference, Chinese has such expressions as “狗东西”，“狗腿子”，“狗仗人势”，“狗胆包天”，“狗嘴里吐不出象牙”，“狼心狗肺”，“痛打落水狗”，“狗急跳墙”.We can obviously see that the meaning attributed to language is cultural-specific.A great deal of cross-cultural misunderstanding occurs when the “meanings” of words in two languages are assumed to be the same, but actually reflect different cultural patterns. Some are humorous as when a Turkish visitor to the U.S. refused to eat a hot dog because it was against his beliefs to eat dog meat. Some are much more serious as when a French couple on a trip to China took their pet poodle into a restaurant and requested some dog food. The dog was cooked and returned to their table on a platter!We can summarize the relationship between culture and language as the following: language is a key component of culture. It is the primary medium for transmitting much of culture. Without language, culture would not be possible. Children learning their native language are learning their own culture; learning a second language also involves learning a second culture to varying degrees. On the other hand, language is influenced and shaped by culture. It reflects culture. Cultural differences are the most serious areas causing misunderstanding, unpleasantness andeven conflict in cross-cultural communication.What are cultural stereotypes and prejudicesStereotypes consist basically in shared beliefs or thoughts about a particular human group. A stereotype is an ensemble of characteristics that sums up a human group usually in terms of behaviour, habits, etc.The objective of stereotypes is to simplify reality: "they are like that". Bosses are tyrannical; these people are lazy, those are punctual; the people in that part of town are dangerous - one or some of them may have been, but all? Sometimes we use stereotypes about the group to which we feel we belong in order to feel stronger or superior to others. (Or, indeed, to excuse faults in ourselves - "What can I do about it? We are all like that!"). Stereotypes are usually based on some kind of contact or images that we have acquired in school, through mass media or at home, which then become generalised to take in all the people who could possibly be linked.A prejudice is a judgement we make about another person or other people without really knowing them. Prejudices can be negative or positive in character. Prejudices are learned as part of our socialisation process and they are very difficult to modify or eradicate. Therefore it is important that we are aware that we have them.To explain this concept more directly it could help to examine how deeply we know all of our friends. We may have different friends for different occasions, for going to the cinema, going walking, helping with homework, playing football, going to concerts. Do we know what music our football friends enjoy? Or do we just guess? Making assumptions is easy and common. If it is that simple to make assumptions about friends, think how easy it is to make false judgments about people you don't know.How to adapt to a new cultureThere are a few stages for you to experience if you want to experience a new culture. And later I’ll give some practical suggestions for you to better settle in a new culture.HoneymoonVisitors in the honeymoon stage view the new culture as something exciting and fresh. Differences in culture and appearance seem fascinating, while similarities stand out as common bonds. The energy associated with this stage often leads visitors to explore their surroundings and treat their new environment as a source of joy. The honeymoon can last anywhere from a few days to a few weeks. Vacationers and similar casual visitors rarely move past this stage, since the length of their stay is limited and they focus their activities in service-oriented areas such as hotels and tourist sites.RejectionAs the first stage fades, the visitor confronts feelings of frustration and resentment. Cultural and language differences create complications in mundane tasks. Feelings of inadequacy predominate, and the reality of the visitor's new life starts to hit home. Disappointments tend to build upon each other, while members of the surrounding culture may treat the visitor like a child or a fool. The visitor becomes extremely sensitive and may develop significant fears about the surrounding culture. IsolationThe disillusionment created by the second stage causes the visitor to retreat into a shell. He becomes extremely critical of the surrounding culture and thinks of his home culture in idealized terms. Homesickness can become pronounced and emotional anxiety increases dramatically. The visitor may experience crying jags, changes in sleep patterns and continued irritation over comparatively minor issues. The exact length of this stage varies from case to case, but often lasts from one to two months, according to Bellini.Assimilation and AcceptanceIn order to function, the visitor begins adapting to his new circumstances. Slowly, the new culture begins to make more sense. He finds fellow countrymen who have adapted to their new culture, or makes new friends in the surrounding culture who help him feel more at home. He integrates more readily into his surroundings: basic tasks become easier and the local language and customs present fewer problems thanthey did before. Eventually, he's able to function in both his new and old circumstances with ease, balancing his cherished past with the promise of his future. Here are some suggestions for you:Maximize exposure to the host culture before departure. Read about everyday life in the destination. Visit appropriate hometown ethnic restaurants and grocery stores to gain exposure to the new culture's food and develop familiarity with the flavors. In addition to gaining as much linguistic proficiency as possible, develop familiarity with popular music and entertainment in the host country. Watch films and stream radio broadcasts or music videos for exposure.Upon arrival, develop a daily routine as quickly as possible. Establish a sleep schedule, eat healthfully and exercise at regular times. Make a point to establish familiarity by finding favorite local coffee shops and parks to avoid culture shock that can arise due to feelings of complete loss of control over life. Some choices may be limited due to language barriers or having to adjust to being the guest of a host family. But maximize available choices through reading materials and ways to spend free time.Maintain relationships with family and friends at home through video chat, letters and email. Create a website or share photographs electronically to engage longtime friends in your experience. Building new friendships in the host culture can also be critical to happiness. Be friendly and invite schoolmates, workmates or neighbors to go walking or out for coffee.Strive to maintain a flexible, positive attitude. Living in a foreign country is an invaluable opportunity full of excitement and challenges. Though it may seem extremely difficult, remember to be a student of the host country's way of life. Laugh at your social or linguistic mistakes. Experience new foods and traditions with an open mind. Flexibility is a critical component of successful adjustment.When you get all theses questions settled, you will be on your smooth way to experiencing a rather new culture and being a qualified cross-cultural communicator.。
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跨文化交际作业
一．Race和ethnic
according to the dictionary：
race：each of the major divisions of humankind, having distinct physical characteristics
ethnic：Individuals who consider themselves, or are considered by others, to share common characteristics that differentiate them from the other collectivities in a society, and from which they develop their distinctive cultural behavior, form an ethnic group.
简言之，Race应该翻译成种族，它是以“外表”来区别，正如我们常说的黄种人，白种人，黑种人。
种族歧视主义的英文就为Racist
而Ethnicity应该定义成族群，它是以后天的”文化认同“来区别，由于共同的信仰，语言，文化习俗和历史背景而产生的归属感，是一种主观的自我认定而形成的。
所以少数民族是minority ethnic group，种族歧视我们说是racial discrimination
二．Cross-cultural / inter-culture/ intra-cultural communication
1.intercultural，不同文化间的。
（文化间，跨文化）强调的是对等和相互，而这往往暗示各文化间的价值平等和共性，比如intercultural communication/ understanding / appreciation / exchange；
intercultural communication文化交际，强调不同，突出对比
2.Cross-cultural，（跨文化）似乎更多的承认不同文化的异质，继而需要以某种特别的方式、技巧和能力来打破这种隔阂，达成目的，比如the cross-cultural techniques that enable cross-cultural evangelism / cross-cultural interaction 等等。
Cross-cultural communication跨文化交际，强调文化的交互，文化间的沟通
3. intra 内部cultural 文化的intra-cultural内文化即文化内，
Intra-cultural communication同文化交际，指具有相同文化背景的人之间的交流，如中国人和中国人，美国人和美国人之间的交流。