语法讲解：过去分词作定语和表语
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Grammar
past participle used as
Grammar the attribute & the predicative
Task one
Look at the following story and find the usage of past participle (“-ed”)
e.g. ： Everyone present is very inspired at his speech． 听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。
You seem frightened. 你似乎受了惊吓。
系动词
• appear, • be, become, • feel, • get, grow, • look, • prove, • Remain, • seem, smell, sound, stay, • taste, turn
• “–ed” can also be put after the linkverbs (be, feel, become, get, seem…) and used as _p_r_e_d_ic_a_ti_v_e_ . eg. be interested in feel excited/frightened
一、过去分词作定语
1、单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成 的意义。
eg：a lost animal
一只迷路的动物
a used stamp
一枚用过的邮票
an injured finger 一个受伤的手指
a bro源自文库en coin
一枚破损的硬币
a lighted candle 一支点燃的蜡烛
注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。
Key points
• “-ed” can be used as _a_t_tr_i_b_u_te_ and be put before or after the noun that it modifies. eg. tired/exhausted/excited boy a boy called Tom
Story
• A boy called Tom went to the cinema one night. It was a horror film, but he was interested in it. Sometimes he felt excited, sometimes he felt frightened. After the film, the tired boy came back home. Once home, the exhausted boy…
• …soon the affected person died. • He immediately told the astonished
people in Broad Street … • …that polluted water carried the virus. • …help ordinary people exposed to
cholera. • He found that it came from the river
polluted by the dirty water from London.
Predicative
• But he became inspired when he thought about help ordinary people exposed to cholera.
3） The question discussed was very important.
= The question _w_h_i_c_h_h_a_d_b_e_e_n_d_i_s_cu__ss_e_d____ was very important.
二、过去分词作表语
1、过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或所处 的状态，其前的系动词有包括be在内的多种 形式。
e.g.：spoken English
英语口语
written exercises 书面练习
少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词 只有完成的意义
fallen leaves
落叶
the risen sun
升起来的太阳
a returned student
一名留学生
a retired teacher
一名退休教师
e.g.：The books written by Lu Xun are popular． 鲁迅写的书很受欢迎
We’ll go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago．
我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。
想一想
• 什么时候用前置定语？ • 什么时候用后置定语？
an escaped prisoner 犯
一名逃跑的囚
2、过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和／或完 成意义。
e.g.：How I regretted the hours wasted in the woods!
我多懊悔在树林浪费的时光啊! I like wearing clothes made of this kind of cloth． 我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服。
单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的 名词前
过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词 后面
Task two
Please find more examples in the reading passage of each usage.
Attribute
• So many thousands of terrified people died …
• He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.
• He was determined to find out why.
一、过去分词作定语
3. 过去分词可作非限制性定语，相当于省略 式的定语从句。 e.g ① The books, (which were) written by Lu Xun, were very popular. ② The bridge, (which was) built in 1999, is very beautiful.
past participle used as
Grammar the attribute & the predicative
Task one
Look at the following story and find the usage of past participle (“-ed”)
e.g. ： Everyone present is very inspired at his speech． 听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。
You seem frightened. 你似乎受了惊吓。
系动词
• appear, • be, become, • feel, • get, grow, • look, • prove, • Remain, • seem, smell, sound, stay, • taste, turn
• “–ed” can also be put after the linkverbs (be, feel, become, get, seem…) and used as _p_r_e_d_ic_a_ti_v_e_ . eg. be interested in feel excited/frightened
一、过去分词作定语
1、单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成 的意义。
eg：a lost animal
一只迷路的动物
a used stamp
一枚用过的邮票
an injured finger 一个受伤的手指
a bro源自文库en coin
一枚破损的硬币
a lighted candle 一支点燃的蜡烛
注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。
Key points
• “-ed” can be used as _a_t_tr_i_b_u_te_ and be put before or after the noun that it modifies. eg. tired/exhausted/excited boy a boy called Tom
Story
• A boy called Tom went to the cinema one night. It was a horror film, but he was interested in it. Sometimes he felt excited, sometimes he felt frightened. After the film, the tired boy came back home. Once home, the exhausted boy…
• …soon the affected person died. • He immediately told the astonished
people in Broad Street … • …that polluted water carried the virus. • …help ordinary people exposed to
cholera. • He found that it came from the river
polluted by the dirty water from London.
Predicative
• But he became inspired when he thought about help ordinary people exposed to cholera.
3） The question discussed was very important.
= The question _w_h_i_c_h_h_a_d_b_e_e_n_d_i_s_cu__ss_e_d____ was very important.
二、过去分词作表语
1、过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或所处 的状态，其前的系动词有包括be在内的多种 形式。
e.g.：spoken English
英语口语
written exercises 书面练习
少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词 只有完成的意义
fallen leaves
落叶
the risen sun
升起来的太阳
a returned student
一名留学生
a retired teacher
一名退休教师
e.g.：The books written by Lu Xun are popular． 鲁迅写的书很受欢迎
We’ll go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago．
我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。
想一想
• 什么时候用前置定语？ • 什么时候用后置定语？
an escaped prisoner 犯
一名逃跑的囚
2、过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和／或完 成意义。
e.g.：How I regretted the hours wasted in the woods!
我多懊悔在树林浪费的时光啊! I like wearing clothes made of this kind of cloth． 我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服。
单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的 名词前
过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词 后面
Task two
Please find more examples in the reading passage of each usage.
Attribute
• So many thousands of terrified people died …
• He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.
• He was determined to find out why.
一、过去分词作定语
3. 过去分词可作非限制性定语，相当于省略 式的定语从句。 e.g ① The books, (which were) written by Lu Xun, were very popular. ② The bridge, (which was) built in 1999, is very beautiful.