懂你商务英语L4-U2

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Level4 Unit2 Part1 Listening - Extinction Events 1The Earth was formed about 4.6 billion years ago.The first life appeared about a billion years later.The first plants didn't appear until around 2 billion years ago.Until about 580 million years ago, life forms were small and microscopic.Since that time, life has evolved into many different types, or species.However, scientists estimate that more than 99% of them are now extinct.There have been several extinction events in the history of the Earth.In an extinction event many life forms, or species of life, die out. The causes of mass extinction events are unsolved mysteries.These events are not predictable and can happen at any time.Scientists think that some of them were started by asteroid impacts or volcanic eruptions.Events like these can change the global conditions that life depends on.One major extinction event happened about 66 million years ago.That event may have been started by a large asteroid that hit the Earth.As a result, the dinosaurs and about half of all species on the planet died out.When the asteroid hit the earth, it started a chain of events.A chain of events is a series of events linked together, like a chain.This particular chain of events happened over a period of months and years.When the asteroid hit the Earth, it caused a huge cloud of dust to enter the atmosphere.This cloud of dust blocked the sun and darkened the Earth for many months.Without enough sunlight, plants and plant-eating animals quickly died.With the deaths of so many plants and animals, the food chain collapsed.This led to the deaths of many more species.Mass extinction events have played an important part in the evolution of life.In fact, some extinction events have helped to accelerate evolution.For example, some mammals lived through the age of the dinosaurs, but they couldn't compete.When the dinosaurs were removed, the mammals were able to compete more successfully.Once they could compete, mammals evolved to a higher state.Without extinction events, perhaps we wouldn't be here today.Level4 Unit2 Part1 Listening - Extinction Events 2Scientists estimate that there have been at least 5 mass extinctions in the last 540 million years.They also believe that we have entered a new extinction event.Species are becoming extinct at a much faster rate than before.Instead of asteroids or volcanic eruptions, the current event is the result of human activities.Human activities, for example, have led to global warming.Global warming is the result of an increase in carbon gases in our atmosphere.These gases trap heat from the sun, so the Earth is getting warmer.As a result, sea levels are rising and weather patterns are changing.In addition, we humans are destroying the habitats of many plants and animals.Cutting down forests and polluting rivers destroys the habitats of many forms of life.There is no longer any doubt that this is happeningSpecies of life are disappearing at an increasing rate.Global temperatures are rising and weather patterns are changing.Scientists are warning us that fast action is necessary to save our future.If we don't act, we may go the way of the dinosaurs.(This new extinction event is caused by humans.)Level4 Unit2 Part1 Vocabulary - Body SystemsThe body's circulatory system includes the heart and blood vessels.The heart pumps blood to all parts of the body through a network of arteries and veins.The digestive system breaks down and absorbs food into the body.It supplies the energy that the body needs for growth and repair.After digestion, excess food is turned into waste and eliminated from the body.The nervous system includes the brain, spinal cord and nerves.This is your body's control system.It controls your muscles and organs, including your circulatory and digestive systems.The respiratory system includes the nose and lungs.It brings air and oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide.The lungs are where oxygen enters the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is removed.The immune system protects the body against infections and diseases.Sneezing and fever are examples of how the immune system works.If an infection invades the body, the immune system attacks it.(The blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart are called arteries.)(The digestive system is where food is broken down and absorbed into the body.)(The nervous system regulates your heartbeat and digestion.)Level4 Unit2 Part1 Vocabulary - Great DiscoveriesThe controlled use of fire allowed people to cook food and survive in the colder climates.Fire provided light so that people could work and socialize for longer hours.With the invention of agriculture, people could grow foodand settle into communities.By growing food, people could spend less time hunting and more time for other things such as art.The domestication of animals allowed people to raise and use animals for food and work.By raising herds of animals such as sheep, humans had a regular supply of meat and clothing.The strength of animals such as horses and oxen was used for work and transportation.The development of tools and machines has resulted in moreefficient manufacturing and construction.With better tools and machines, work can be done with fewer people and at much lower costs.The development of science and engineering has improved many things, including communications.With an understanding of electricity, telephones and radios allow people to communicate over long distances.(Science and engineering have changed the way we communicate with each other.)(With the development of agriculture, people had more time for other activities.)(The use of machines has reduced the number of people needed to make things.)Level4 Unit2 Part1 Dialogue - Smartphone Addiction I took a vacation last night.What are you talking about?Where did you take your vacation?I didn't go anywhere.I just spent an evening without my smartphone.How was it?It was great. I got a real magazine and read it with no interruption.It was very peaceful.Yes, I haven't done that in a long time.You know what?I'm beginning to hate smartphones.Really? but you can't live without one, right?Yes, that's the problem.These things are changing the way people live.Yes, I just saw a documentary about that.A husband was complaining to his wife that she was spending too much time on her smartphone.What happened? Did they get a divorce?You guessed it. In the end, they got a divorce.It's a bit ironic, don't you think?Smartphone were supposed to bring people together, but they are pulling people apart.Yes, you are right.Hey, just a minute. I've got a message on my smartphone, and it can't wait.Level4 Unit2 Part1 Dialogue - Rude BossHey, wake up and get back to work.What's wrong with you?I'm on my break sir, and I have a bad headache.Well, we are not paying you to sleep.If you're going to sleep, sleep someplace else.Yes, sir, sorry, it won't happen again.It had better not.Just a minute.Don't talk to me like that.What did you say?You hurt me. you don't have to treat people like that.Well, if you don't like it, I suggest you leave.OK, I will. I've had enough of you.I'll get a job somewhere else.(The manager treats the employees in a threatening manner.)(The employee treats the manager respectfully.)Level4 Unit2 Part2 Listening - Point of View 1This man is holding a piece of fruit in his hand.The piece of fruit is either an orange or an apple.We can’t see which it is because we can’t see inside the box.The probability that it is an orange is equal to the probability that it is an apple.It may be an apple, and it may be an orange.It’s got to be one or the other.It can’t be anything else.Now let’s look at it from the man’s p oint of view.From his point of view, the probabilities are different.From his point of view, the probability that he has an orange is 100% or 0%.That’s because he knows what he has.For him there is no uncertainty.If he has an orange, the probability is 100%.If he doesn’t have an orange, the probability is 0%.He either has it or he doesn’t.From our point of view, the probability that he has an orange is 50%.From his point of view, the probability that he has an orange is 100% or 0%.So the probability depends on your point of view.Level4 Unit2 Part2 Listening - Point of View 2People see things from different points of view.This often leads to arguments between people.Here are some examples.From this man’s point of view, he is relaxing.He needs to relax because he has been working too hard.He hasn’t been getting enough sleep.His wife sees things differently.She isn’t aware of how hard he has been working.From her point of view, he is doing nothing.However, she knows what needs to be done around the house.It isn’t fair that she has to work while he does nothing.When people see things from different points of view, they often come to different conclusions.These differences can cause real communication problems.Level4 Unit2 Part2 Vocabulary – DisastersEarthquakes are caused by forces deep within the Earth.When the earth shakes, buildings can collapse and people can be buried inside.An explosion is a rapid, violent release of energy.Explosions can be caused by chemical reactions, such as inside an engine.A spark can ignite a mixture of gases, and release energy for good or destructive purposes.Accidents are often caused by people doing foolish things or by not being careful.One major cause of accidents is driving too fast.Accidents with fire can be very serious, and can result in very painful injuries.Epidemics are the rapid spread of a disease, such as the flu or ebola.Throughout history, epidemics have killed millions of people.Storms are caused by changes in the atmosphere resulting in high winds and heavy rain.Thunderstorms are caused by electric charges in the atmosphere that produce lightning, which can cause forest fires.Some storms cause flooding, and major damage to homes and cities.Followers of the islam religion are called Muslims.These Muslims are praying inside a mosque.Muslims are called to prayer 5 times a day, beginning just before sunrise.Christianity is based on the teaching of Jesus Christ, who lived more than 2000 years ago.Christians believe that Jesus is the son of god.Christians often gather in churches or cathedrals to worship. Followers of Judaism are called Jews.These Jews are meeting inside the synagogue, which is a place of worship and study.Judaism was founded over 35 hundred years ago, in the middle east.Judaism is based on the teaching of Moses, who they believe is the most important prophet.Buddhism began in India and is based on the teachings of the Buddha.The religion is about 25 hundred years old.Some Buddhists practice a form of meditation in which they empty their minds of any thought.Hinduism is the world’s third most popular religion and is the main religion of India.Hinduism has no founder and is a mixture of many beliefs.Some Hindus believe in the cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth.Level4 Unit2 Part2 Vocabulary – ReligionsvFollowers of the islam religion are called Muslims.These Muslims are praying inside a Mosque.Muslims are called to prayer 5 times a day, beginning just before sunrise.Christianity is based on the teaching of Jesus Christ, who lived more than 2000 years ago.Christians believe that Jesus is the son of god.Christians often gather in churches or cathedrals to worship. Followers of Judaism are called Jews.These Jews are meeting inside a synagogue, which is a place of worship and study.Judaism was founded over 35 hundred years ago in the Middle East.Judaism is based on the teachings of Moses, who they believe is the most important prophet.Buddhism began in India and is based on the teachings of the Buddha. The religion is about 25 hundred years old.Some Buddhists practice a form of meditation in which they empty their minds of any thought.Hinduism is the world’s third most popular religion and is the main religion of India.Hinduism has no founder and is a mixture of many beliefs.Some Hindus believe in the cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth.Level4 Unit2 Part2 Dialogue - Missing AircraftDo you have any more information about the location of the missing aircraft?No, we don’t. The only information we have is that it disappeared. What about the last communication with the aircraft?The last communication was about 15 minutes before it disappeared. Was there anything unusual in the communication?No, there wasn't anything unusual.Nothing pointed to any kind of problem.Anyway, we are confident that we will find it.It’s a large aircraft so it shouldn’t be difficult to find.How many countries are helping with the search.Right now, we have search teams from 3 countries starting the search.It’s a big area to search, so can you give us an estimate about how long it will take.Yes, it’s a big area so it might take a long time.But we won’t give up.We will search until we find it.Have they found the wreckage yet?What are you talking about?You know, the airplane that disappeared last year.Oh, yes, now I know what you are referring to.Yes, they found some piece of it.What about the black boxes?No, they still haven’t found the black boxes.It’s hard to believe they still don’t know what happened.Perhaps they’ll never know, especially if they don’t fin d the black boxes.Whatever happened to it, there is no good reason why a modern airline is allowed to disappear.I agree with you.Level4 Unit2 Part3 Listening - Alcatraz 1Alcatraz is a small island in San Francisco Bay, 1.5 miles from San Francisco.From Alcatraz, you can see the famous Golden Gate Bridge.Alcatraz is also famous and is now a major tourist attraction.Tourists can reach the island by boat from the city.Alcatraz has often appeared in movies, including "Escape from Alcatraz" which was made in 1979.One reason it’s famous is because it used to be a prison, a very special prison.It was designed for prisoners who were causing trouble in other prisons, such as trying to escape.It was a maximum security prison, so escape was almost impossible.The waters around it are cold, and only very strong swimmers can swim from the island to San Francisco.The first group of prisoners arrived in 1934.There were 137 prisoners, including bank robbers and murderers.They came by train from another prison in the state of Kansas.During that trip there was heavy security.The prisoners were under guard and handcuffed.Nobody wanted them to escape.Level4 Unit2 Part3 Listening - Alcatraz 2The prison was designed to hold up to 336 prisoners.However the average population was only about 270.Although there were several notorious inmates, such as Al Capone, most of the inmates were not well-known.Many had tried to escape from other prisons or were considered violent.If a man did not behave at another prison, he could be sent to Alcatraz.At Alcatraz there was just one inmate in each prison cell.Prison life at Alcatraz was highly structured and boring.It was designed to teach prisoners to follow rules.They had four rights: food, clothing, shelter, and medical care.Everything else was a privilege that had to be earned.Privileges included working, visits from family members, and access to the prison library.There were also activities such as painting and music.Once a prisoner showed that he could follow the rules, he could be transferred back to another prison to finish his sentence.Alcatraz was used as a prison for 29 years.During that time, no prisoner escaped successfully.There were 14 escape attempts, involving 36 prisoners.Twenty-three were caught alive, and six were shot and killed.2 men tried to escape twice.2 drowned and 5 were listed as missing and presumed drowned.The most violent escape attempt occurred on May 2nd, 1946 when 6 prisoners tried to escape.That event is called the "Battle of Alcatraz."While it was in use, Alcatraz held some of the mostnotorious criminals in American history, such as Al Capone.Al Capone was a crime boss who built his career in Chicago.The prison was finally closed in 1963.It was closed because it was too expensive to operate.(No prisoner ever escaped from Alcatraz.)Level4 Unit2 Part3 Vocabulary - Graphs & ChartsA bar graph uses rectangular bars of different lengths to show and compare data.The lengths of the bars are proportional to the values they represent.The bars can be vertical, up and down, or horizontal.A circle graph, often called a pie graph, is shaped like a circle.It is divided into segments that look like pieces of a pie.Percentages are used to compare the segments, which are ordered from biggest to smallest.Line graphs are used to show the relationship between two variables, such as time and distance.These variables are plotted on 2 axes, the X-axis and the Y-axis.The X-axis often shows time while the Y-axis shows how quantities, such as distance, temperature or profits change with time.A flowchart is a type of graph that shows how a process or project flows from start to finish.A flow chart consists of start points, inputs, outputs and decision points.An organizational chart, or org chart shows the structure of a company.It shows how people and departments within a company are connected.It defines the roles and responsibilities of people and departments within a company.(Line graphs are very good at showing how things change over time.)(A flowchart shows how a process or project flows from start to finish.)Level4 Unit2 Part3 Vocabulary - Legal TermsLaws are rules that people are supposed to follow.A system of laws governs the behavior of people within a country. Criminals are people who break the law.People who commit a crime are called criminals.Some criminals are very dangerous and need to be put in jail.A jail or prison is a place where criminals are locked behind bars, sometimes for many years.Prisons are designed to keep criminals away from other people.A courthouse is where someone charged with committing acrime goes on trial.In court, evidence is presented to show the guilt or innocence of the person on trial.When someone breaks the law, they may be arrested by the police.To arrest someone means to take and hold them until they go on trial.(An action that is against the law is an illegal action.)(Someone who commits a crime may be sent to prison.)(When a person is charged with breaking a law ,they are tried in a court of law.)(An action that follows the law is a legal action.)Level4 Unit2 Part3 Dialogue - Currency Exchange May I help you, sir?I’d like to change some US dollars into Japanese yen, please.Yes, certainly sir.How much would you like to change?I’d like to change 500 dollars.May I see your passport please?I don’t have it with me, but I do have my driver’s license.Would that be OK?No, I'm sorry, sir.I need to see your passport, it’s the law.Look, I’m not asking for a loan.I just want to convert my dollars into yen.Why do I need my passport?I understand your frustration sir, but that’s the law.I can not do something that is illegal.OK, do you have any suggestions?Sure, the easiest thing for you to do is to use a machine in one of the hotels near here.You can borrow someone’s passport and then do the conversion.So the machine doesn’t check my fingerprints or anything like that?No, sir. But there is a limit as to how much you can change at one time.You also have to pay a higher fee.Thanks for your help.You’re welcome, sir.Level4 Unit2 Part4 Listening - AI Capone 1AI Capone was one of the most famous criminals in American history.He came from an immigrant family.His parents came from Italy, and his father was a barber.As a boy, he belonged to a street gang.He quit school after finishing the 6th grade.He built his career as a crime boss in Chicago.He became boss at 26 when the previous leader was nearly killed.His crime organization made a lot of money, more than 100 million dollars a year.Most of the money came from illegal activities, especially the sale of illegal liquor.His organization was also involved in gambling and prostitution.Capone was a flashy dresser who enjoyed being famous.He protected himself by bribing police and public officials.Though he was involved in the deaths of many, he was never convicted of a serious crime.When he was finally arrested, it was for minor crimes.In 1929, he and his bodyguard were arrested for carrying deadly weapons.For that they were sentenced to a year in prison.Capone was released in nine months for good behavior.(When he went out,he loved to be the center of attention.)(The largest portion of its income was from the illegal sales of liquor.)Level4 Unit2 Part4 Listening - AI Capone 2In 1930, Capone was Public Enemy No.1 in Chicago.A year later he was arrested for failure to pay taxes.The government had finally found a way to catch him.After a trial, he was found guilty and sentenced to 11 years in prison.He spent the first two years of his sentence at a prison in Atlanta, Georgia.Then he was sent to Alcatraz, the country's most famous prison.At Alcatraz, he was diagnosed with a disease that began to take over his brain.As a result, he spent much of his time in the prison hospital.By the time he was released from prison in 1939, he was no longer able to lead his organization.He died of a stroke and pneumonia in 1947.Level4 Unit2 Part4 Vocabulary - Economic Terms Income is money received for a work or from investments.For a company to survive, its income needs to be more than its expenses.People who earn a good salary can buy what they need to survive.A receipt is given to you after you have paid for something.A receipt is proof that you have paid for something.A receipt shows that something has been paid for.After paying for something, be sure to get a receipt.An invoice is a request for payments.An invoice lists the prices and products being bought.To invoice someone means to give them a bill for products or services.Once an invoice is paid, it can be used as a receipt.Taxes are what we pay to the government for government services.Taxes pay for many services, such as education, police, and health care.An income tax, is a tax on your income.In some countries, income taxes are very high.Interest is what we pay to lenders when we borrow money.If someone lends you money, you pay interest for the use of that money.（People pay taxes to pay for government services.）Level4 Unit2 Part4 Vocabulary - Personality Types Emotional people often show their feelings and have a bad temper. They make decisions based on the feelings more than facts. Sometimes these people make bad decisions because of their emotions. Leaders are people who take responsibility and are trusted by others. Good leaders make good decisions and get things done.In many situations, others look to them for leadership.Loyal people can be depended on to follow their leader.They will support and protect their leaders and friends.A strong team needs a good leader and loyal followers.Independent people can do things on their own.They often prefer working by themselves.Sometimes they have difficulty working in a group.Creative people come up with new ideas and ways of doing things.They often have a good imagination and can see things in different ways.Many artists and musicians are very creative.(Independent people may want to do things their own way.)(Loyal people will act to support the decisions of the group.)Level4 Unit2 Part4 Dialogue - A Video Project 1 Congratulations Lisa!Congratulations for what?We just heard the news.What news? Don't keep me in suspense.QuickServe has accepted your video proposal.Already？I just submitted it a week ago.Maybe so, but they like it so much that they made a quick decision. They want you to get started on it as soon as possible.That's great news. But I'm still working on some other projects.They need to be finished first.Can't you delay some of our other projects?I'm not sure, how important is this project?They are putting a lot of pressure on us now, especially since they read your proposal.They really like it.It's a very creative way of presenting their company.It had everybody laughing.Yes, that was the idea.It was fun to do, and our whole team thought it was funny.Well, great job.I think it's the best work your team has ever done.(She submitted her proposal a week ago.)(Everything depends on how important the project is.)(To delay something means to postpone it.)Level4 Unit2 Part4 Dialogue - A Video Project 2 When can you get started on the project?Are they going to pay extra?In my proposal, I said the earliest start date would be one month after signing the contract.Was that in the proposal?Yes, it was. Have they signed the contract yet?No, they haven't, but I'm sure they will right awayThey'll also need to make an advance payment.That was in the proposal, too.We can't stop everything else just because they are excited. OK, I'll get back to them and let them know.Yes, please do, I've been through this kind of thing before. (They want to get started earlier than what was in the proposal.)（注：可编辑下载，若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢!）。

懂你英语Level4Unit2Part3

懂你英语Level4Unit2Part3L4-U2-P3 英语流利说4-2-3 懂你英语Level4 Unit2 Part3L4-U2-P3-1 Listening : Alcatraz 1Alcatraz is a small island in San Francisco Bay , 1.5 miles from San Francisco.From Alcatraz, you can see the famous Golden Gate Bridge.Alcatraz is also famous and is now a major tourist attraction.Tourists can reach the island by boat from the city.What can people see from Alcatraz?- the Golden Gate Bridge Alcatraz has often appeared in movies, including 'Escape from Alcatraz' which was made in 1979.One reason it’s famous is because it used to be a prison, a very special prison.It was designed for prisoners who were causing trouble in other prisons, such as trying to escape.It was a maximum security prison, so escape was almost impossible.The waters around it are cold, and only very strong swimmers can swim from the island to San Francisco.What kind of prisoners was the prison designed for?-prisoners who were troublemakersOne reas on it’s famous is because it used to be a prison, a very special prison.The first group of prisoners arrived in 1934.There were 137 prisoners, including bank robbers and murderers.They came by train from another prison in the state of Kansas.During that trip, there was heavy security.The prisoners were under guard and handcuffed.Nobody wanted them to escape.Where did the first group of prisoners come from? -They came from Kansas.Nobody wanted them to escape, so there was heavy security.Tourists can reach the island by boat from the city.During that trip, there was heavy security.One reason it’s famous is because it used to be a prison, a very special prison.L4-U2-P3-2 Listening : Alcatraz 2The prison was designed to hold up to 336 prisoners.However, the average population was only about 270.Although there were several notorious inmates, such as Al Capone, most of the inmates were not well-known.Many had tried to escape from other prisons or were considered violent.If a man did not behave at another prison, he could be sent to Alcatraz.At Alcatraz, there was just one inmate in each prison cell.If a man did not behave at another prison, he could be sent to Alcatraz.Prison life at Alcatraz was highly structured and boring.It was designed to teach prisoners to follow rules.They had four rights: food, clothing, shelter and medical care.Everything else was a privilege that had to be earned.Privileges included working, visits from family members, and access to the prison library.There were also activities such as painting and music.Once a prisoner showed that he could follow the rules, he could be transferred back to another prison to finish his sentence.Everything else was a privilege that had to be earned.It was designed to teach prisoners to follow rules.Everything else was a privilege that had to be earned.Many had tried to escape from other prisons or were considered violent.At Alcatraz, there was just one inmate in each prison cell.Alcatraz was used as a prison for 29 years.During that time, no prisoner escaped successfully.There were 14 escape attempts, involving 36 prisoners.Twenty-three were caught alive, and six were shot and killed.Two men tried to escape twice.Two drowned and five were listed as missing and presumed drowned.The most violent escape attempt occurred on May 2nd, 1946 when six prisoners tried to escape.That event is called the 'Battle of Alcatraz'.(1) Alcatraz was used as a prison for 29 years.(2) During that time, no prisoner escaped successfully.(3) There were 14 escape attempts, involving 36 prisoners.(4) Twenty-three were caught alive, and six were shot and killed.There were 14 escape attempts, involving 36 prisoners.While it was in use, Alcatraz held some of the most notorious criminals in American history, such as Al Capone.Al Capone was a crime boss who built his career in Chicago.The prison was finally closed in 1963.It was closed because it was too expensive to operate.Al Capone was a crime boss who built his career in Chicago.It was closed because it was too expensive to operate.Alcatraz was used as a prison for 29 years.Two drowned and five were listed as missing and presumeddrowned.Once a prisoner showed that he could follow the rules, he could be transferred back to another prison to finish his sentence.L4-U2-P3-3 Vocabulary : Graphs & ChartsA bar graph(柱状图) uses rectangular bars of different lengths to show and compare data.The lengths of the bars are proportional to the values they represent.The bars can be vertical, up and down, or horizontal .A circle graph(圆形图，扇面图), often called a pie graph, is shaped like a circle.It is divided into segments that look like pieces of a pie.Percentages(百分率，百分比) are used to compare the segments which are ordered from biggest to smallest.Line graphs(曲线图，线状图) are used to show the relationship between two variables, such as time and distance.These variables are plotted on 2 axes, the x-axis and the y-axis.The x-axis often shows time while the y-axis shows how quantities, such as distance, temperature or profits change with time.A flowchart(流程图) is a type of graph that shows how a process or a project flows from start to finish.A flowchart consists of start points, inputs, outputs and decision points.An organizational chart(组织结构图), or org chart, show the structure of a company.It shows how people and departments within a company are connected.It defines the roles and responsibilities of people anddepartments within a company.Which type of graph shows the relationship between two variables, such as time and distance？-Line graphsWhat shows how people and departments within a company are connected? -Organizational chart.Which type of graph has segments that look like pieces of a pie?-Circle graph.What type of graph has vertical or horizontal bars?-Bar graph.Which type of graph includes decision points? -Flowchart.The lengths of the bars are proportional tothe values they represent.The x-axis often shows time while the y-axisshows how quantities, such as distance, temperature orprofits change with time.A flowchart is a type of graph that shows how a process or a project flows from start to finish.A circle graph, often called a pie graph, is shaped like a circle.A flowchart shows how a process or a project flows from start to finish.A line graph uses connected points to show how things are related to each other.In a flowchart, a decision point shows what happens when a decision is made.L4-U2-P3-3 Vocabulary : Legal TermsLaws are rules that people are supposed to follow.A system of laws governs the behavior of people within a country.Criminals are people who break the law.People who commit a crime are called criminals.Some criminals are very dangerous and need to be put in jail.A jail or prison is a place where criminals are locked behind bars, sometimes for many years.Prisons are designed to keep criminals away from other people.A courthouse is where someone charged with committing acrime goes on trial.In court, evidence is presented to show the guilt or innocence of the person on trial.When someone breaks the law, they may be arrested by the police.To arrest someone means to take and hold them until they go on trial.When is someone sentenced to break the law? -When someone breaks the law, they may be arrested and put on trial.Who are often dangerous and need to be put in jail? -CriminalsWhen do someone go to stand on trial?-A courthouse is where someone charged with committing a crime goes on trial.What may happen to someone who breaks the law? -If someone breaks the law, they may be arrested and put on trial.What governs and helps people are supposed to act? -A system of laws governs the behavior of people within a country.If someone breaks the law, they may be arrested and puton trial.An action that is against the law is an illegal action.People who commit a crime are called criminals.An action that is against the law is an illegal action.Someone who commits a crime may be sent to prison.People who commit a crime are called criminals.When a person is charged with breaking a law, they are triedin a court of law.A jail or prison is a place where criminals are locked behind bars, sometimes for many years.L4-U2-P3-5 Dialogue : Currency ExchangeW: May I help you, sir?M: I’d like to change some US dollars into Japanese yen, please.W: Yes, certainly sir. How much would you like to change?M: I’d like to change 500 dollars.W: May I see your passport please?M: I don’t have it with me, but I do have my driver’s license. Would that be OK?W: No, I'm sorry, sir. I need to see your passport, it’s the law.M: Look, I’m not asking for a loan. I just want to convert my dollars into yen. Why do I need my passport?W: I understand your frustration sir, but that’s the law.I can not do something that is illegal.If something is illegal, it is against the law.If someone is frustrated they are a bit irritated.M: OK, do you have any suggestions?W: Sure, the easiest thing for you to do it is to use a machine in one of the hotels near here. You can borrow some one’s passport and then do the conversion.M: So the machine doesn’t check my fingerprints or anything like that?W: No, sir. But there is a limit as to how much you can change at one time. You also have to pay a higher fee.M: Thanks for your help.W: You’re welcome, sir.(1) May I help you, sir?(2) I’d l ike to change some US dollars into Japanese yen, please.(3)Yes, certainly sir. How much would you like to change?(4) I’d like to change 500 dollars.(1) Look, I’m not asking for a loan. I just want to convert my dollars into yen.(2) Why do I need my passport?(3) I understand your frustration sir, but that’s the law.(4) I can not do something that is illegal.May I see your passport please?Look, I’m not asking for a loan.OK, do you have any suggestions?I don’t have it with me, but I do have my driver’s license.I’d like to change some US dollars into Japanese yen, please.。

懂你英语L4U2精编版

懂你英语L4-Unit2 1 Extinction EventsLevel4 Unit2 1 ListeningExtinction EventsThe Earth was formed about 4.6 billion years ago.The first life appeared about a billion years later.The first plants didn't appear until around 2 billion years ago. Until about 580 million years ago, life forms were small and microscopic. Since that time, life has evolved into many different types, or species. However, scientists estimate that more than 99% of them are now extinct.There have been several extinction events in the history of the Earth. In an extinction event many life forms, or species of life, die out. The causes of mass extinction events are unsolved mysteries. These events are not predictable and can happen at any time. Scientists think that some of them were started by asteroid impacts or volcanic eruptions. Events like these can change the global conditions that life depends on.One major extinction event happened about 66 million years ago. That event may have been started by a large asteroid that hit the Earth. As a result, the dinosaurs and about half of all species on the planet died out. When the asteroid hit the earth, it started a chain of events. A chain of events is a series of events linked together, like a chain.This particular chain of events happened over a period of months and years. When the asteroid hit the Earth, it caused a huge cloud of dust to enter the atmosphere. This cloud of dust blocked the sun and darkened the Earth for many months. Without enough sunlight, plants and plant-eating animals quickly died. With the deaths of so many plants and animals, the food chain collapsed. This led to the deaths of many more species.Mass extinction events have played an important part in the evolution of life. In fact, some extinction events have helped to accelerate evolution. For example, some mammals lived through the age of the dinosaurs, but they couldn't compete. When the dinosaurs were removed, the mammals were able to compete more successfully. Once they could compete, mammals evolved to a higher state. Without extinction events, perhaps we wouldn't be here today.Scientists estimate that there have been at least 5 mass extinctions in the last 540 million years. They also believe that we have entered a new extinction event. Species are becoming extinct at a much faster rate than before. Instead of asteroids or volcanic eruptions, the current event is the result of human activities. Human activities, for example, have led to global warming.Global warming is the result of an increase in carbon gases in our atmosphere. These gases trap heat from the sun, so the Earth is getting warmer. As a result, sea levels are rising and weather patterns are changing. In addition, we humans are destroying the habitats of many plants and animals. Cutting down forests and polluting rivers destroys the habitats of many forms of life.There is no longer any doubt that this is happening. Species of life are disappearing at an increasing rate. Global temperatures are rising and weather patterns are changing. Scientists are warning us that fast action isnecessary to save our future. If we don't act, we may go the way of the dinosaurs. (This new extinction event is caused by humans.)Level4 Unit2 1 VocabularyBody SystemsThe body's circulatory system includes the heart and blood vessels. The heart pumps blood to all parts of the body through a network of arteries and veins. (The blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich bloodfrom the heart are called arteries.)The digestive system breaks down and absorbs food into the body. It's supplies the energy that the body needs for growth and repair. After digestion, excess food is turned into waste and eliminated from the body. (The digestive system is where food is broken down and absorbed into the body.)The nervous system includes the brain,spinal cord and nerves. This is your body's control system. It controls your muscles and organs, including your circulatory and digestive system. (The nervous system regulates your heartbeat and digestion.)The respiratory system includes the nose and lungs. It brings air and oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide. The lungs are where oxygen enters the bloodstream, and carbon dioxide is removed.The immune system protects the body against infections and diseases. Sneezing and fever are examples of how the immune system works. If an infection invades the body, the immune system attacks it.Great DiscoveriesThe controlled use of fire allowed people to cook food and survive in the colder climates. Fire provided light so that people could work andsocialize for longer hours.With the invention of agriculture, people could grow food andsettle into communities. By growing food, people could spend less time hunting, and more time for other things such as art. (With the development of agriculture, people had more time for other activities.)The domestication of animals allowed people to raise and use animals for food and work. By raising herds of animals such as sheep, humans had a regular supply of meat and clothing. The strength of animals such as horses andoxen was used for work and transportation.The development of tools and machines has resulted in more efficient manufacturing and construction. With better tools and machines, work can be done with fewer people and at much lower costs. (The use of machines has reduced the number of people needed to make things.)The development of science and engineering has improved many things, including communications. With an understanding of electricity, telephones and radios allow people to communicate over long distances. (Science and engineering have changed the way we communicate with each other.)Level4 Unit2 Part1 DialogueSmartphone AddictionI took a vacation last night.What are you talking about?Where did you take your vacation?I didn't go anywhere.I just spend an evening without my smartphone.How was it?It was great. I got a real magazine and read it with no interruption.It was very peaceful.Yes, I haven't done that in a long time.You know what?I'm beginning to hate smartphones.Really? but you can't live without one, right?Yes, that's the problem.These things are changing the way people live.Yes, I just saw a documentary about that.A husband was complaining to his wife that she was spending too much time on her smartphone. what happened? Did they get a divorce?You guessed it. In the end, they got a divorce.It's a bit ironic, don't you think?Smartphone were supposed to bring people together, but they are pulling people apart.Yes, you are right.Hey, just a minute. I've got a message on my smartphone, and it can't wait.Rude BossHey, wake up and get back to work.What's wrong with you?I'm on my break sir, and I have a bad headache.Well, we are not paying you to sleep.If you're going to sleep, sleep someplace else.Yes, sir, sorry, it won't happen again.It had better not.Just a minute.Don't talk to me like that.What did you say?You hurt me. you don't have to treat people like that.Well, if you don't like it, I suggest you leave.OK, I will. I've had enough of you.I'll get a job somewhere else.(The manager treats the employees in a threatening manner.)(The employee treats the manager respectfully.)懂你英语L4-Unit2 2 Point of viewLevel4 Unit2 Part2 ListeningPoint of viewThis man is holding a piece of fruit in his hand. The piece of fruit is either an orange or an apple. We can’t see which it is because we can’t see inside the box. The probability th at it is an orange is equal to the probability that it is an apple. It may be an apple, and it may be an orange. It’s got to be one or the other. It can’t be anything else.Now let’s look at it from the man’s point of view. From his point of view, the prob abilities are different. From his point of view, the probability that he has an orange is 100% or 0%. That’s because he knows what he has. For him there is no uncertainty. If he has an orange, the probability is 100%. If he doesn’t have an orange, the probability is 0%. He either has it or he doesn’t.From our point of view, the probability that he has an orange is 50%. From his point of view, the probability that he has an orange is 100% or 0%. So the probability depends on your point of view.People see things from different points of view. This often leads to arguments between people. Here are some examples. From this man’s point of view, he is relaxing. He needs to relax because he has been working too hard. He hasn’t been getting enough sleep.His wife sees things differently. She isn’t aware of how hard he has been working. From her point of view, he is doing nothing. However, she knows what needs to be done around the house. It isn’t fair that she has to work while he does nothing.When people see things from different points of view, they often come to different conclusions. These differences can cause real communication problems.Level4 Unit2 Part2 VocabularyDisastersEarthquakes are caused by forces deep within the earth. When the earth shakes, buildings can collapse and people can be buried inside.An explosion is a rapid, violent release of energy. Explosions can be caused by chemical reaction, such as inside an engine. A spark can ignite a mixture of gases, and release energy for good or destructive purposes.Accidents are often caused by people doing foolish things or by not being careful. One major cause of accidents is driving too fast. Accidents with fire can be very serious and can result in very painful injuries.Epidemics are the rapid spread of a disease, such as the flu or Ebola. Throughout history epidemics have killed millions of people.Storms are caused by changes in the atmosphere resulting in high winds and heavy rain. Thunderstorms are caused by electric charges in the atmosphere that produce lightning, which can cause forest fires. Some storms cause flooding and major damage to homes and cities.ReligionsFollowers of the Islam religion are called Muslims. These Muslims are praying inside a mosque. Muslims are called to prayer 5 times a day, beginning just before sunrise.Christianity is based on the teachings of Jesus Christ who lived more than 2000 years ago. Christians believe that Jesus is the son of god. Christians often gather in churches or cathedrals to worship.Followers of Judaism are called Jews. These Jews are meeting inside a synagogue, which is a place of worship and study. Judaism was founded over 35 hundred years ago in the middle east. Judaism is based on the teachings of Moses, who they believe is the most important prophet.Buddhism began in India and is based on the teachings of the Buddha. The religion is about 25 hundred years old. Some Buddhists practice a form of meditation in which they empty their minds of any thought.Hinduism is the world’s third most popula r religion and is the main religion of India. Hinduism has no founder and is a mixture of many beliefs. Some Hindus believe in the cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth.Level4 Unit2 Part2 DialogueMissing AircraftDo you have any more information about the location of the missing aircraft?No, we don’t. The only information we have is that it disappeared.What about the last communication with the aircraft?The last communication was about 15 minutes before it disappeared.Was there anything unusual in the communication?No, there wasn't anything unusual.Nothing pointed to any kind of problem.Anyway, we are confident that we will find it.It’s a large aircraft so it shouldn’t be difficult to find.How many countries are helping with the search?Right now, we have search teams from 3 countries starting the search.It’s a big area to search, so can you give us an estimate about how long it will take?Yes, it’s a big area, so it might take a long time.But we won’t give up.We will search until we find it.Have they found the wreckage yet?What are you talking about?You know, the airplane that disappeared last year.Oh, yes, now I know what you are referring to.Yes, they found some piece of it.What about the black boxes?No, they still haven’t found the b lack boxes.It’s hard to believe they still don’t know what happened.Perhaps they’ll never know, especially if they don’t find the black boxes.Whatever happened to it, there is no good reason why a modern airline is allowed to disappear.I agree with you.懂你英语L4-Unit2 3Level4 Unit2 Part3 ListeningAlcatrazAlcatraz is a small island in San Francisco Bay, 1.5 miles from San Francisco. From Alcatraz, you can see the famous Golden Gate Bridge. Alcatraz is also famous and is now a major tourist attraction. Tourists can reach the island by boat from the city.Alcatraz has often appeared in movies, including "Escape from Alcatraz" which was made in 1979. One reason it’s famous is because it used to be a prison, a very special prison. It was designed for prison ers who were causing trouble in other prisons, such as trying to escape. It was a maximum security prison, so escape was almost impossible. The waters around it are cold, and only very strong swimmers can swim from the island to San Francisco.The first group of prisoners arrived in 1934. There were 137 prisoners, including bank robbers and murderers. They came by train from another prison in the state of Kansas. During that trip, there was heavy security. The prisoners were under guard and handcuffed. Nobody wanted them to escape.The prison was designed to hold up to 336 prisoners. However, the average population was only about 270. Although there were several notorious inmates, such as Al Capone, most of the inmates were not well-known. Many had tried to escape from other prisons or were considered violent. If a man did not behave at another prison, he could be sent to Alcatraz. At Alcatraz there was just one inmate in each prison cell.Prison life at Alcatraz was highly structured and boring. It was designed to teach prisoners to follow rules. They had four rights: food, clothing, shelter, and medical care. Everything else was a privilege that had to be earned. Privileges included working, visits from family members, and access to the prison library. There were also activities such as painting and music. Once a prisoner showed that he could follow the rules, he could be transferred back to another prison to finish his sentence.Alcatraz was used as a prison for 29 years. During that time, no prisoner escaped successfully. There were 14 escape attempts, involving 36 prisoners. Twenty-three were caught alive, and six were shot and killed. Two men tried to escape twice. Two drowned and five were listed as missing and presumed drowned. The most violent escape attempt occurred on May 2, 1946 when six prisoners tried to escape. That event is called the "Battle of Alcatraz."While it was in use, Alcatraz held some of the most notorious criminals in American history, such as Al Capone. Al Capone was a crime boss who built his career in Chicago. The prison was finally closed in 1963. It was closed because it was too expensive to operate.Level4 Unit2 Part2 VocabularyGraphs & chartsA bar graph uses rectangular bars of different lengths to show and compare data. The lengths of the bars are proportional to the values they represent. The bars can be vertical, up and down, or horizontal.A circle graph, often called a pie graph, is shaped like a circle. It is divided into segments that look like pieces of a pie. Percentages are used to compare the segments, which are ordered from biggest to smallest.Line graphs are used to show the relationship between two variables, such as time and distance. These variables are plotted on 2 axes, the X axis and the Y axis. The X axis often shows time, while the Y axis shows how quantities, such as distance, temperature, or profits change with time.A flowchart is a type of graph that shows how a process or a project flows from start to finish. A flow chart consists of start points, inputs, outputs and decision points.An organizational chart or org chart show the structure of a company. It shows how people and departments within a company are connected. It defines the roles and responsibilities of people and departments within a company.Legal TermsLaws are rules that people are supposed to follow. A system of laws governs the behavior of people within a country. (An action that is against the law is an illegal action.) (An action that follows the law is a legal action.)Criminals are people who break the law. People who commit a crime are called criminals. Some criminals are very dangerous and needed be put in jail. (Someone who commits a crime may be sent to prison.)A jail or prison is a place where criminals are locked behind bars, sometimes for many years. Prisons are designed to keep criminals away from other people.A courthouse is where someone charged with committing a crime goes on trial. In court, evidence is presented to show the guilt or innocence of a person on trial.When someone breaks the law, they may be arrested by the police. To arrest someone means to take and hold them until they go on trial.(When a person is charged with breaking a law ,they are tried in a court of law.)Level4 Unit2 Part3 DialogueCurrent ExchangeMay I help you, sir?I’d like to change some US dollars into Japanese yen, please.Yes, certainly sir.How much would you like to change?I’d like to change 500 dollars.May I see your passport please?I don’t have it with me, but I do have my driver’s lic ense.Would that be OK?No, I'm sorry, sir.I need to see your passport, it’s the law.Look, I’m not asking for a loan.I just want to convert my dollars into yen.Why do I need my passport?I understand your frustration sir, but that’s the law.I can not do something that is illegal.OK, do you have any suggestions?Sure, the easiest things for you to do is to use a machine in one of the hotels near here.You can borrow someone’s passport and then do the conversion.So the machine doesn’t check my fingerpr ints or anything like that? No, sir. But there is a limit as to how much you can change at one time. You also have to pay a higher fee.Thanks for your help.You’re welcome, sir.。

懂你英语Level4Unit2Part4

懂你英语Level4Unit2Part4L4-U2-P4 英语流利说4-2-4 懂你英语Level4 Unit2 Part4L4-U2-P4-1 Listening : Al Capone 1AI Capone was one of the most famous criminals in American history. He came from an immigrant family.His parents came from Italy, and his father was a barber.As a boy, he belonged to a street gang.He quit school after finishing the 6th grade.Where were his parents come from?-They came from Italy.He built his career as a crime boss in Chicago.He became boss at 26 when the previous leader was nearly killed.His crime organization made a lot of money, more than $100 million a year.Most of the money came from illegal activities, especially the sale of illegal liquor.His organization was also involved in gambling and prostitution. Gambling and prostitution are both illegal activities.How did his crime organization made its money? -They were involved in many illegal activities.Capone was a flashy dresser who enjoyed being famous.He protected himself by bribing police and public officials.Though he was involved in the deaths of many, he was never convicted of a serious crime.When he was finally arrested, it was for minor crimes.In 1929, he and his bodyguard were arrested for carrying deadly weapons.For that they were sentenced to a year in prison.Capone was released in nine months for good behavior.Why wasn't he ever convicted of a serious crime?-He bribed police and public officials.Why were he and his bodyguard arrested and sentenced to prison?-They were caught carrying deadly weapons.He came from an immigrant family.Capone was a flashy dresser who enjoyed being famous.AI Capone was one of the most famous criminals in American history.He protected himself by bribing police and public officials.L4-U2-P4-2 Listening : Al Capone 2In 1930, Capone was Public Enemy No.1 in Chicago.A year later he was arrested for failure to pay taxes.The government had finally found a way to catch him.After a trial, he was found guilty and sentenced to 11 years in prison.He spent the first two years of his sentence at a prison in Atlanta, Georgia.Then he was sent to Alcatraz, the country's most famous prison.The government had finally found a way to catch him.At Alcatraz, he was diagnosed with a disease that began to take over his brain.As a result, he spent much of his time in the prison hospital.By the time he was released from prison in 1939, he was no longer able to lead his organization.He died of a stroke and pneumonia in 1947.What began to take over his brain? - a serious disease(1) At Alcatraz, he was diagnosed with a disease that began to take over his brain.(2) As a result, he spent much of his time in the prisonhospital.(3) By the time he was released from prison in 1939, he was no longer able to lead his organization.(4) He died of a stroke and pneumonia in 1947.A year later he was arrested for failure to pay taxes.He was sent to prison for tax evasion.At Alcatraz, he was diagnosed with a disease that began to take over his brain.When he went out, he wanted to the center of attention.L4-U2-P4-3 Vocabulary : Economic T ermsIncome is money received for work or from investments.For a company to survive, its income needs to be more than its expenses.People who earn a good salary can buy what they need to survive.A receipt is given to you after you have paid for something.A receipt is proof that you have paid for something.A receipt shows that something has been paid for.After paying for something, be sure to get a receipt.An invoice is a request for payment.An invoice lists the prices and products being bought.To invoice someone means to give them a bill for products or services.Once an invoice is paid, it can be used as a receipt.Taxes are what we pay to the government for government services.Taxes pay for many services, such as education, police and health care.An income tax is a tax on your income.In some countries, income taxes are very high.Interest is what we pay to lenders when we borrow money.If someone lends you money, you pay interest for the use of that money.What do people get for doing work?-Income.What do you get to show that you have paid for something?-A receipt.What is the request for payment?-An invoice.What do government collect to pay for their services?-T axes.What do people have to pay when they when they gat aloan?-Interest.For a company to survive, its income needs to be more than its expenses.An invoice lists the prices and products being bought.Taxes pay for many services, such as education, police and health care.A receipt is proof that you have paid for something.An invoice is a request for payment.Once an invoice is paid, it can be used as a receipt.Income is money received for a work or from investments.Taxes are what we pay to the government for government services.People pay taxes to pay for government services.L4-U2-P4-4 Vocabulary : Personality TypesEmotional people often show their feelings and have a bad temper. They make decisions based on the feelings more than facts. Sometimes these people make bad decisions because of their emotions. Leaders are people who take responsibility and are trusted by others. Good leaders make good decisions and get things done.In many situations, others look to them for leadership.Loyal people can be depended on to follow their leader.They will support and protect their leaders and friends.A strong team needs a good leader and loyal followers. Independent people can do things on their own.They often prefer working by themselves.Sometimes they have difficulty working in a group.Creative people come up with new ideas and ways of doing things.They often have a good imagination and can see things in different ways.Many artists and musicians are very creative.What kind of people have special imagination?-Creative people. What kind of people will always support and protect their leader and group?-Loyal people.What kind of people prefer working alone? -Independent people.What kind of people can't control their emotions?-Emotional people.What kind of people do people like to follow?-Leaders.Emotional people often show their feelings and have abad temper.Good leaders make good decisions and get things done.Loyal people can be depended on to follow their leader. Good leaders make good decisions and get things done.They will support and protect their leaders and friends. Independent people can do things on their own.Emotional people often show their feelings and have a bad temper. Leaders are people who take responsibility and are trusted by others.L4-U2-P4-5 Dialogue : A Video Project(M: Manager L: Lisa)M: Congratulations, Lisa!L: Congratulations for what?M: We just heard the news.L: What news? Don't keep me in suspense.M: Quick Serve has accepted your video proposal.L: Already? I just submitted it a week ago.M: Maybe so, but they like it so much that they made a quick decision. They want you to get started on it as soon as possible.Why is Lisa being congratulated?-Her proposal was accepted.L: That's great news. But I'm still working on some other projects. They need to be finished first.M: Can't you delay some of our other projects?L: I'm not sure, how important is this project?M: They are putting a lot of pressure on us now, especially since they read your proposal. They really like it. It's a very creative way of presenting their company. It had everybody laughing.L: Yes, that was the idea. It was fun to do, and our whole team thought it was funny.M: Well, great job.L: I think it's the best work your team has ever done.What may need to be delayed?-Some of their other projects What does the schedule depend on?-It depends on how important the project is.They are putting a lot of pressure on us now,especially since they read your proposal.Can't you delay some of our other projects?It's a very creative way of presenting their company.She submitted her proposal a week ago.They want you to get started on it as soon as possible.I think it's the best work your team has ever done.L4-U2-P4-6 Dialogue : A Video Project 2M: When can you get started on the project?L: Are they going to pay extra? In my proposal, I said the earliest start date would be one month after signing the contract.M: Was that in the proposal?L: Yes, it was. Have they signed the contract yet?M: No, they haven't, but I'm sure they will right away.The proposal said that the earlieststart date would be one month after signing the contract.L: They'll also need to make an advance payment. That was in the proposal, too. We can't stop everything else just because they are excited.M: OK, I'll get back to them and let them know.L: Yes, please do, I've been through this kind of thing before.To get back to them means to contact them.Are they going to pay extra?I've been through this kind of thing before.They'll also need to make an advanced payment.We can't stop everything else just because they are excited.They want to get started earlier than what was in the proposal.。

懂你英语Level unit

Level 4 unit 1 part1ListeningChristina is on a two week vocation.This is the first vocation she has had for a long time.The last vocation she took was more than two years ago.Now she is visiting a friend in San Francisco.Her friend and her husband are living near the center of the city.He works for a start-up company in Silicon Valley.While he is working, she works part-time at a department store.-How long has it been since her last vocation?–It’s been more than 2 years.-What kind of company d oes her friend’s husband work for?–A start-up company.Christina hasn’t seen her friend for a longtime.The last time they saw each other was three years ago.At that time, they were both working at a department store.Then Christina quitted her job and started her own business.She designs women’s clothing.She has two employees now and her company is slowly growing.-How long has it been since Christina last saw her friend? –It has been 3 years.-Where were Christina and her friend working before she started her own business?–They were working at a department store.-How long has it been since Christina started her own business?–It’s been 3 years.Christina has come to San Francisco by herself.Her husband didn’t come, because he has to work.He tried to start a company two years ago, but it didn’t work out.His company failed after only a few months.So now he is working at another company and saving money.Once he saves enough money, he plans to start another company.He doesn’t want to give up.-Why hasn’t Christina’s husband come with her?–He has to work.-Why is Christina’s husband saving money?–He wants to start a new company.This is the second time Christina has been to San Francisco.The first time was when she was a high school student.That was more than ten years ago.During that trip, she was only in San Francisco for a few days.After that, she went to Los Angeles and New York.This time she and her friend plan to relax and have fun.-How many times has Christina been to San Francisco?–She has been to San Francisco twice.-How long did she stay in San Francisco on her first trip?–A few days.Christina arrived two days ago, the day before yesterday.Her friend met her at the airport, and drove her to her apartment.Her apartment is just north of the airport, about 20 minutes from San Francisco.It’s a small apartment, but it’s on a hill, and it has a great view. Yesterday they went downtown, and rode the cable cars.Christina was surprised by how steep the hills are.Then they walked along the ocean, and ate lunch at a sea food restaurant. Fromthe restaurant, they could see the Golden Gate Bridge.-How long has she been here?–For two days.Tomorrow they are planning to drive to Yosemite National Park.By car, it’s about four hours away.Christina has never been there before, so she is excited.She has heard that the park is very beautiful.Her friend has been to Yosemite several times.She says that it’s one of the most beautiful places in the world. Christina just hopes that her friend is a good driver.-How many times has she been to the Yosemite?–Never.VocabularyHeadaches can be very painful, and can last for a long time.If you have a headache, your head hurts.A sprained ankle can be so painful that you can’t walk.Someone with a sprained ankle may need to use crutches to walk.If you have a sore throat, it may be painful to swallow.A sore throat can be caused by viruses or bacteria.A burn is an injury to the skin caused by fire or heat.If you get to close to a fire, you will be burned.An earache is a sharp, dull or burning pain in the ear.Common causes of an earache include an infection, a changing air pressure, or water in the ear.Mountains are land forms higher than 2000 feet or about 600 meters above sea level.Hills are like mountains but not as tall.Mountains are formed by forces deep within the Earth, and are made of different types of rocks.Rivers are streams of water that usually begin in mountains and flow into the sea.Many early cities were built alongside rivers.Most of the world’s water is in the oceans, which are large bodies of saltwater.The oceans are also an important source of oxygen.Deserts are areas of land that receive little or no rainfall.The amount of rainfall in some deserts is so low that only a few plants can survive.A valley is a low relatively flat area between hills or mountains, often with a river running through it. Somevalleys are formed by flowing water, and others are formed by glaciers. The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest ocean, covering more area than all the continents put together.Desert temperatures can range from cold at night to very hot during the daytime, often above 120 degrees FDialogueM: Have you eaten yet?W: No, I haven’t, and I’m hungry.M: Me too. Let’s go out for dinner.W: Where to?M: What about Joe’s Italian?W: How many times have you eaten there?M: I eat there a lot. It’s one of my favorite places.-Why is she hungry?–She hasn’t eaten yet.W: I went there two weeks ago, and the service was terrible.M:Really? Then let’s go someplace else.-Why doesn’t she want to go to Joe’s Italian?–She went there two weeks ago and the service was terrible.M: What do you suggest?W: How about the Royal Indian? It’s not far from here.M: I’ve never heard of it. Is it good?W: Yes, I’ve been there several times, and I’ve never been disappointed. -What’s one reason she suggests Royal Indian?–It’s not far away.-Has she been to the Royal Indian before?–Yes, she has.M: OK, let’s try it. I haven’t eaten Indian food for a long time.W: You won’t be disappointed, and the prices are reasonable.M: Ah, so you mean I’m going to pay.W: Well, that would certainly be nice.-How expensive is the restaurant?–It’s reasonably priced.M: What about reservations?W: If we get there early enough, we won’t need them.M: I hope you are right.W: Don’t worry, if we have to wait, I’ll pay the bill.-What would happen if they don’t get there early enough?–They may have to wait.When she went there two weeks ago, the service was awful.She has been there several times.Level 4 unit 1 part2ListeningToday Christina and her friend are enjoying themselves.This morning they got up very early and drove out of San Francisco. They crossed the Bay Bridge before the early morning commute and drove south.Because it was so early, there were almost no cars.-How heavy was the traffic?–There were almost no cars.After driving for an hour and a half, they stopped and had breakfast. They ordered pancakes and coffee.They also had some fresh fruit.When they finished eating, it was seven o’clock.Then they got back into the car, and drove south.Christina wanted to listen to music, so they turned on the radio.An hour later, they stopped for gas.They noticed that there was also a charging station for electric cars.-How did they order for breakfast?–They ordered pancakes and coffee.-What did they do after they finished eating?–They got back into the car and drove south.It’s now 1:15 (one fifteen), and they are in Yosemite Park.They have been there for two hours, since 11:15(eleven fifteen).They are looking at Yosemite falls, which is the highest waterfall in the park. The water drops a total of 740 meters from the top of the upper fall to the base of the lower fall.-When did they arrive at the park?–They got there at 11:15.In another fifteen minutes, they planned to eat lunch at a magnificent oldhotel in the park.It was built in 1927 and has a great view.They wanted to stay there but they couldn’t get reservations.To get a room at that hotel, you usually need to make reservations several months in advance.-When do you need to make reservations?–You need to make reservations several months in advance.-Why couldn’t they get reservations?–They didn’t reserve early enough.They planned to stay in the park until around four o’clock.By then, they will have been in the park for nearly five hours.Then they will get back into the car and drive back to San Francisco. They plan to eat dinner somewhere along the way.If the traffic isn’t too bad, they should be back in San Francisco by ten o’clock.-When do they expect to be back in San Francisco?–They expect to be back by 10 o’clock.-How long would they have been in the park if they leave as scheduled?–For nearly 5 hours.Early tomorrow morning, they are going to cross the Golden Gate Bridge and go north along the coast.From some places you can look out on the ocean and see whales and other sea life.Christina has never seen a whale before, so she is looking forward to it. And tomorrow night they have something special planned.They are going to watch a baseball game.Christina has never seen a baseball game, but she has heard that it is very popular in the US. Andthe San Francisco baseball team is one of the best.-What does she hope to see from the coast?–She hopes to see whales.-What are they going to do tomorrow morning?–They are going to cross the Golden Gate Bridge.VocabularyA force is a push or a pull on an object.A force changes the motion of a moving object.A force can be strong or weak and it always has a direction.The Earth is a planet that goes around the sun in a circular orbit.The speed of its motion doesn’t change, but the direction of its motion does.The Earth has a layer of gas above its surface which helps to support life. Atoms are the building blocks of matter.At the center of an atom is its nucleus which has a positive electric charge. Outside the nucleus are electrons which have a negative charge. Asteroids and comets are objects that obey our sun, but are smaller than planets.Asteroids that pass close to the Earth are called near-earth objects.The layer of gases just above the Earth’s surface is our atmosphere.The atmosphere is made of gases such as oxygen and nitrogen. Withoutan atmosphere there would be no life on Earth.If they collide with Earth they could cause an extinction event.A force can increase or decrease the speed of an object, and it can change the direction of motion. Theelectric force between the nucleus and the electrons holds the atom together.The two lines on the left intersect each other at a right angle which is 90 degrees.The two lines on the right are parallel which means they never cross.The adjacent sides of a rectangle are perpendicular which means they meet a90-degree angle.The opposite sides of a rectangle are equal and parallel which means they never cross.The area of a rectangle is the length times the width.A circle is a two dimensional figure with a radius and a circumference which is the distance around the circle. Thearea of a circle is Pi R squared, where R is the radius and Pi is the ratio of the circle circumference to its diameter.A sphere is a three dimensional figure with a radius and a volume which is four thirds Pi R cubed.All points on the surface of a sphere are equidistant from its center.A right triangle is a two dimensional figure with three side, two of which are perpendicular.To find its area, multiply the length of the two perpendicular sides a and b and divide by 2, A equals 1 half ab.A rectangle is a 2 dimensional figure with 4 sides.DialogueM: Have you finished eating yet?W: No, I haven’t. Why are you in such a hurry?M: I’m sorry, but you are such a slow eater.W: A slow eater? Well, I try to enjoy my food. You just eat and swallow.I don’t see how you can even taste it.M: OK, I’m sorry. Do you mind if I get another glass of wine?W: No, go ahead. I don’t want you to sit there putting pressure on me.I thought we were going to have a relaxing evening.-What does she allow him to do?–She allows him to get another glass of wine.A relaxing evening is the opposite of a high-pressure evening.M: Yes, you are right. I’d like to relax, but I have a lot on my mind.W: Work related?M: Yes, it is. I’ve been getting some strange emails from my boss. He wants me to cut down on my expenses.Maybe he wants to fire me.His boss wants him to spend less.-What is he afraid of?–He may lose his job.W: Is business bad?M: Yes, it is. But I don’t want to talk about it.W: OK, but I’m a good listener. You can tell me if you’d like to.-What doesn’t he want to talk about?–He doesn’t want to talk about his business.M: Thanks. Maybe some other time.I’ll try to stop thinking about it until when it’s tomorrow.W: Good idea. You need to take a break from work.Your healthy is important, and so am I.M:Yes, you are. I don’t kn ow what I would do without you.To deal with something means to do something about it. Level 4 unit 1 part3ListeningHarry is an American businessman.His job requires him to do a lot of travelling.He takes nine or ten trips a year.In the past six months, he has made five trips.Three were to Asia, and two were to Europe.The purpose of his trips is to attend meetings and make presentations. -What does his job require him to do?–Travel a lot.-What is the purpose of his trips?–Attend meetings and make presentations.His job requires him to attend meetings in many countries.Harry loves to travel and he’s travelled to many countries.Most of his trips are for one or two weeks.His first international trip was 15 years ago when he was 20 years old. He really wanted to see Asia, so he and his friend flew to Tokyo, Japan. -How long are most of his trips?–for one or two weeks.From Tokyo, they travelled around Japan for 2 weeks.The people they met were very nice, but most of them didn’t speak English.Harry tried to speak a little Japanese, but it was difficult.He didn’t do very well.When he spoke to people, most of them just looked at him.They didn’t understand what he was trying to say.-What language did he try to use when he was in Japan?–He tried to speak Japanese.He has made 5 trips in the last 6 months.From Japan, they went to Korea for a week, and then they went to China.In China, they visited the Great Wall near Beijing.They stayed in Beijing for a few days, and then boarded a train for Shanghai. It was an overnight train, with sleeping cars.-What kind of train did they take to Shanghai?–It was an overnight train.-How long did they stay in Beijing?–for a few days.During the journey, they enjoyed looking out the window at the countryside. The view from the train was wonderful.Harry will never forget watching the sun go down in the evening.It was a beautiful sunset.-What did they enjoy doing during the journey?–looking out the window at the countryside.-What won’t Harry ever forget?–Watching the beautiful sunset.The journey to Shanghai took many hours, but it was an unforgettable experience.On the train, they met a Chinese professor who spoke English.He was a middle-aged man, whose hair was turning grey.He told them about how things were changing in China.It was wonderful to watch him as he was speaking.His eyes were full of energy and excitement.-Who did they meet on the train?–a Chinese professor.-What did the professor talk about?–He talked about the many changes China was experiencing.They only stayed in Shanghai a couple of days.Then they returned to the US and went back to school.They had one more year to finish their studies.-Why did they return to the US?–They went back to finish their studies.Harry’s next few trips were to different part of the world.He went to Europe twice, each time to different countries.On one trip, he travelled through the UK and France.On the next trip, he went to Italy and Greece.-How many times did he go to Europe?–He went to Europe twice.After Europe, he travelled to Mexico and South America.In South America he went to Argentina and Brazil.He enjoyed watching some great soccer matches.-What countries did he visit in South America?–Both Argentina and Brazil.Then he decided to go back to Asia.But this time he went to Southeast Asia.He visited Vietnam, Thailand and Singapore.Each country had a charm of its own.-Where did he go after he went to South America?–He went to Southeast Asia.-How many countries did he visit in Southeast Asia?–He visited 3 different countries.After all these travel Harry decided to make travel part of his career. He didn’t want to work only in the US.He didn’t want to work only with Americans.He wanted to experience other countries and other cultures. His dream was to work for an international company.-Why did he decide to work for an international company?–he wanted to experience other countries and other cultures.-What was his dream?–working for an international company.5 years ago, his dream came true.Now he is working for a German high-tech company.As part of his job, he has to travel a lot.As a result, he has been to many cities and countries.And he has met many interesting people.-What has happened as a result to his job?–He has been to many countries and met many interesting people.-What kind of company is he working for?–A German hi-tech companyVocabularyA dental cavity is a hole in a tooth.A cavity is caused by bacteria in the mouth.Brushing your teeth frequently and regularly can help prevent cavities.A crack tooth can be caused by biting down on something hard. Dentists treat a crack tooth by covering it with a crown.A dental X-Ray is a picture of your teeth and gums.An X-Ray shows what can’t be seen on the surface of the teeth and gums. Braces are used by dentists to strengthen teeth over a period of years. Through braces are usually for children, they can also be used for adults with crooked teeth.To exact a tooth means to remove it from the mouth.Dentists have to pull hard to exact a tooth.Braces are used on people with crooked teeth or after an injury.Biting down on something hard can be very painful.Dentist often inject something into the gum to block the pain during the extraction process.The heart pumps blood to all parts of the body through a system of arteries and veins.It’s located in the chest, between the lungs, and beats about once per second.The kidneys remove waste and toxins from the blood.They are bean-shaped organs, and are about 10 centimeters long and 6 centimeters wide.The lungs exchange oxygen from the air, with carbon dioxide from the blood.They expand when inhaling air, and contract when exhaling air.The stomach is blow the heart, and is part of the digestive system.It uses acids to digest food before passing it to the small intestine.The bladder is a balloon-shaped organ that collects urine from the kidneys. In an adult, the bladder can hold about half liter of urine.DialogueOfficer: Good evening, sir. You were driving too fast.Driver: really? Was I?Officer: Yes, you were going well above the speed limit.Driver: I’m sorry officer.Officer: OK, I need to see your driver’s license.Driver: Here’s my driver’s license.-Why has he been stopped?–He was driving too fast.He has given his driver’s license to the police officer.Officer: Your license has expired. Are you aware of that?Driver: No sir, that’s a surprise. I didn’t know.Officer: It has expired more than a year ago.-He probably knows that his license has expired, so…-he’s lying.-What has expired?–His driver’s license.Officer: Is this your car?Driver: No sir. It’s a friend’s. I’m borrowing it for a nig ht.-Click the correct choice. –He probably isn’t telling the truth. Officer: Get out of the car, and put your hands behind your back. Driver: Why officer? What have I done?Officer: Just do as I say.Driver: OK, officer, I’m cooperating. Please don’t pus h me.-To cooperate means..–to do as asked.Officer: Get your hands behind your back.Driver: OK, OK.Officer: I’m not asking you, I’m ordering you.Driver: Please officer, I haven’t done anything wrong.-What is he supposed to do?–to put his hands behind his back.-To order someone to do something means…-to command them to do it.Officer: Stay still, and don’t say anything. This is a stolen car. Are you aware of that?Driver: Are you going to arrest me?Officer: What do you think? That’s what we do with car thieves.-Stay still means the same thing as…-Don’t move.-To be aware of means…-to know.Driver: If you let me go, I’ll give you a couple of thousand dollars. I haven’t hurt anybody.Officer: So now you are trying to bribe me. How stupid can you be? Driver:I just don’t want to go back to jail. Give me a break.-What is the driver trying to do?–bribe the officer.Officer: Sure, you’re a nice guy. I’d like to give you a break. But there’s nothing I can do.Driver: Please officer.Officer: OK, where’s the money? Let me see it, and I’ll think about it. -If he takes the money, what would he be taking?–a bribe.-An honest police officer will never…-accept a bribeLevel 4 unit 1 part4ListeningQuick Serve is a successful home repair company.It provides quick, reliable repair services to homes.It was established five years ago, and has been expanding rapidly.In the last two years, it has opened offices in three new cities.-How many offices has it opened in the past two years?–It has opened offices in 3 new cities.-What services does it provide?–It provides home repair services.-To be reliable means…-to be dependable.Because of its rapid growth, it has to hire many new employees.In the last six months, it has hired 50 new employees.The total number of employees in the company is now over 500. Andthe number of customers has increased to more than 5000.-How many people has the company hired in the last 6 months?–It has hired 50 new employees.-Why does it have to hire new employees?–It has been expanding rapidly.The company has also improved its business model.Instead of offering only repair services, it can now help customers to upgrade their appliances.Quick Serve does this by giving a choice.Customers can choose to repair an appliance, or upgrade it by buying a new one.If they choose to buy a new one, they will get a discounted price.So a customer can either repair a broken refrigerator for a small fee, or buy a new one.-To upgrade something means…-to add features or quality.If they buy a new one, they will get a discounted price, along with free installation.This is possible because several appliance manufacturers have agreed to give Quick Serve big discounts.Quick Serve then installs the new appliance, and removes the old one. Feedback from customers has been positive.-How have customers reacted to this service?–Their feedback has been positive.-Who have agreed to give Quick Service big discounts?–Several appliance manufacturers.A high percentage of customers have taken advantage of this new service. As a result, Quick Serve has developed a great reputation.Its dedication to high quality service has proven to be successful.Its word of mouth approach to advising has been cost effective.The appliance manufacturers have also been happy with the results.Their growing relationship with Quick Serve has helped to increase their sales.-What has proven to be successful?–Its dedication to high quality service. QuickServe’s approach to business is proving to be successful.The world’s population is growing.There are now over 7 billion people in the world.During the 20th century, the population grows from 1.65 billion to 6 billion. It’s now growing at a rate of aroun d 1.1% per year. Thatmean it increases about 18 million per year.By 2024, the population has expected to be around 8 billion people.-How fast is the world’s population growing?–The growth rate is about 1.1% per year.-What was the population at the end of the 20th century?–around 6 billion people.The growth rate used to be higher.In the late 1960s, the rate of growth was about 2%.Since then, the growth rate has declined.It is estimated that the growth rate will be less than 1% by 2020. Bythe year 2050, the growth rate should be even less.-What has happened to the growth rate?–It has declined since the 1960s.It is estimated that the growth rate should be even less.Even with the declining growth rate, the population will continue to grow. But it will grow at a slower rate.In the past 15 years the world’s population has more than doubled.It has doubled from around 3 billion in 1960 to more than 7 billion in 2011. -What has more than doubled in the past 15 years?–the world’s population.The rate of growth varies by country.The growth rate in India is more than twice that of China.And the growth rate in Nigeria, which is in Africa, is more than twice India’s growth rate.Russia, on the other hand, has had a negative growth rate in some years. When a country has a negative growth rate, its population is decreasing.-How do the growth rates of India and China compare?–India’s growth rate is h igherVocabularyCo-founder of Apple, this entrepreneur was a major figure in the computer industry.He was self-centered and difficult to work for, but he led the development of many great products.He died of cancer when he was just 56 years old.Jack ma is one of the richest and most famous men in China.He comes from a poor family and failed his college entrance exams twice. Despite of his many failures, he has built one of the world’s largest internet companies.David Beckham is one of the world’s richest and most famous athletes. He started playing professional football when he was just 17.Much of his success as an athletes is because he practiced harder than many other players.As a young girl in Pakistan, Malala became famous for her writings on women’s education.In 2012, she was shot in the head and nearly killed.She survived the injur y and became the world’s most famous teenager. Born in 1942, Stephen Hawking is one of the world’s most famous scientists.When he was 23, he was diagnosed with ALS, a real disease of the nerves. Becauseof his disease, he is unable to walk and talk.Though he was difficult to work for, his creative genius inspired others to do great work.Despite his condition, he has made important discoveries about the creation of the universe.Shy people are usually quiet and uncomfortable around other people. They generally dislike going to social events such as parties.It’s often difficult to make friends with a shy person because they won’t open up.Outgoing people enjoy being with others, and are comfortable in social situations.They’re friendly and pleasant to be with, though sometimes they can’t be trusted.Self-centered people like to be the center of attention.They like people to look at them and pay attention to them.Self-centered people often talk too much and don’t listen enough. Selfish and greedy peop le don’t share things with others.They keep things for themselves and always want more.People who are responsible and trustworthy are important in almost any situation.They can be depended on to get things down.These people can be trusted.Outgoing people often have many friends and can be quite popularDialogueM: Hey, Steven, you know I’m your friend, right?Steven: Sure. I know that. What are you trying to say?M: I’m sorry to say this. But I think you are making a fool of yourself. Steven: how am I making a fool of myself?M: Your girlfriend is taking advantage of you.Steven: Taking advantage of me?M: Yes, I think so. She’s just using you.-To use someone means…-to take advantage of them.Steven: So, maybe she is. But I don’t mind. Even if she is using me, it’s OK. I’m using her too.M: What do you mean? Are you joining in love with her?Steven: Yes, I’m in love with her, but that doesn’t mean I’m not using her too.-Steven doesn’t mind if his girlfriend…-is using him.-How does Steven feel about his girlfriend?–He’s in love with her.。

懂你英语Level unit

Level 4 unit 1 part1ListeningChristina is on a two week vocation.This is the first vocation she has had for a long time.The last vocation she took was more than two years ago.Now she is visiting a friend in San Francisco.Her friend and her husband are living near the center of the city.He works for a start-up company in Silicon Valley.While he is working, she works part-time at a department store.-How long has it been since her last vocation–It’s been more than 2 years.-What kind of company do es her friend’s husband work for–A start-up company.Christina hasn’t seen her friend for a longtime.The last time they saw each other was three years ago.At that time, they were both working at a department store.Then Christina quitted her job and started her own business.She designs women’s clothing.She has two employees now and her company is slowly growing.-How long has it been since Christina last saw her friend –It has been 3 years.-Where were Christina and her friend working before she started her own business–They were working at a department store.-How long has it been since Christina started her own business–It’s been 3 years.Christina has come to San Francisco by herself.Her husband didn’t come, because he has to work.He tried to start a company two years ago, but it didn’t work out.His company failed after only a few months.So now he is working at another company and saving money.Once he saves enough money, he plans to start another company.He doesn’t want to give up.-Why hasn’t Christina’s husband come with her–He has to work.-Why is Christina’s husband saving money–He wants to start a new company.This is the second time Christina has been to San Francisco.The first time was when she was a high school student.That was more than ten years ago.During that trip, she was only in San Francisco for a few days.After that, she went to Los Angeles and New York.This time she and her friend plan to relax and have fun.-How many times has Christina been to San Francisco–She has been to San Francisco twice.-How long did she stay in San Francisco on her first trip–A few days.Christina arrived two days ago, the day before yesterday.Her friend met her at the airport, and drove her to her apartment.Her apartment is just north of the airport, about 20 minutes from San Francisco.It’s a small apartment, but it’s on a hill, and it has a great view. Yesterday they went downtown, and rode the cable cars.Christina was surprised by how steep the hills are.Then they walked along the ocean, and ate lunch at a sea food restaurant. Fromthe restaurant, they could see the Golden Gate Bridge.-How long has she been here–For two days.Tomorrow they are planning to drive to Yosemite National Park.By car, it’s about four hours aw ay.Christina has never been there before, so she is excited.She has heard that the park is very beautiful.Her friend has been to Yosemite several times.She says that it’s one of the most beautiful places in the world. Christina just hopes that her friend is a good driver.-How many times has she been to the Yosemite–Never.VocabularyHeadaches can be very painful, and can last for a long time.If you have a headache, your head hurts.A sprained ankle can be so painful that you can’t walk.Someone with a sprained ankle may need to use crutches to walk.If you have a sore throat, it may be painful to swallow.A sore throat can be caused by viruses or bacteria.A burn is an injury to the skin caused by fire or heat.If you get to close to a fire, you will be burned.An earache is a sharp, dull or burning pain in the ear.Common causes of an earache include an infection, a changing air pressure, or water in the ear.Mountains are land forms higher than 2000 feet or about 600 meters above sea level.Hills are like mountains but not as tall.Mountains are formed by forces deep within the Earth, and are made of different types of rocks.Rivers are streams of water that usually begin in mountains and flow into the sea.Many early cities were built alongside rivers.Most of the world’s water is in the oceans, which are large bodies of salt water.The oceans are also an important source of oxygen.Deserts are areas of land that receive little or no rainfall.The amount of rainfall in some deserts is so low that only a few plants can survive.A valley is a low relatively flat area between hills or mountains, oftenwith a river running through it. Somevalleys are formed by flowing water, and others are formed by glaciers. The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest ocean, covering more area than all the continents put together.Desert temperatures can range from cold at night to very hot during the daytime, often above 120 degrees FDialogueM: Have you eaten yetW: No, I haven’t, and I’m hungry.M: Me too. L et’s go out for dinner.W: Where toM: What about Joe’s ItalianW: How many times have you eaten thereM: I eat there a lot. It’s one of my favorite places.-Why is she hungry–She hasn’t eaten yet.W: I went there two weeks ago, and the service was terrible.M:Really Then let’s go someplace else.-Why doesn’t she want to go to Joe’s Italian–She went there two weeks ago and the service was terrible.M: What do you suggestW: How about the Royal Ind ian It’s not far from here.M: I’ve never heard of it. Is it goodW: Yes, I’ve been there several times, and I’ve never been disappointed. -What’s one reason she suggests Royal Indian–It’s not far away.-Has she been to the Royal Indian before–Yes, she has.M: OK, let’s try it. I haven’t eaten Indian food for a long time.W: You won’t be disappointed, and the prices are reasonable.M: Ah, so you mean I’m going to pay.W: Well, that would certainly be nice.-How expensive is the restaurant–It’s reasona bly priced.M: What about reservationsW: If we get there early enough, we won’t need them.M: I hope you are right.W: Don’t worry, if we have to wait, I’ll pay the bill.-What would happen if they don’t get there early enough–They may have to wait.When she went there two weeks ago, the service was awful.She has been there several times.Level 4 unit 1 part2ListeningToday Christina and her friend are enjoying themselves.This morning they got up very early and drove out of San Francisco. They crossed the Bay Bridge before the early morning commute and drove south.Because it was so early, there were almost no cars.-How heavy was the traffic–There were almost no cars.After driving for an hour and a half, they stopped and had breakfast. They ordered pancakes and coffee.They also had some fresh fruit.When they finished eating, it was seven o’clock.Then they got back into the car, and drove south.Christina wanted to listen to music, so they turned on the radio.An hour later, they stopped for gas.They noticed that there was also a charging station for electric cars. -How did they order for breakfast–They ordered pancakes and coffee.-What did they do after they finished eating–They got back into the car and drove south.It’s now 1:15 (one fifteen), and they are in Yosemite Park.They have been there for two hours, since 11:15(eleven fifteen).They are looking at Yosemite falls, which is the highest waterfall in the park.The water drops a total of 740 meters from the top of the upper fall to the base of the lower fall.-When did they arrive at the park–They got there at 11:15.In another fifteen minutes, they planned to eat lunch at a magnificent old hotel in the park.It was built in 1927 and has a great view.They wanted to stay there but they couldn’t get reservations.To get a room at that hotel, you usually need to make reservations several months in advance.-When do you need to make reservations–You need to make reservations several months in advance.-Why couldn’t they get reser vations–They didn’t reserve early enough.They planned to stay in the park until around four o’clock.By then, they will have been in the park for nearly five hours.Then they will get back into the car and drive back to San Francisco. They plan to eat dinner somewhere along the way.If the traffic isn’t too bad, they should be back in San Francisco by ten o’clock.-When do they expect to be back in San Francisco–They expect to be back by 10 o’clock.-How long would they have been in the park if they leave as scheduled –For nearly 5 hours.Early tomorrow morning, they are going to cross the Golden Gate Bridge and go north along the coast.From some places you can look out on the ocean and see whales and other sea life.Christina has never seen a whale before, so she is looking forward to it.And tomorrow night they have something special planned.They are going to watch a baseball game.Christina has never seen a baseball game, but she has heard that it is very popular in the US. Andthe San Francisco baseball team is one of the best.-What does she hope to see from the coast–She hopes to see whales.-What are they going to do tomorrow morning–They are going to cross the Golden Gate Bridge.VocabularyA force is a push or a pull on an object.A force changes the motion of a moving object.A force can be strong or weak and it always has a direction.The Earth is a planet that goes around the sun in a circular orbit.The speed of its motion doesn’t change, but the direction of its motion does.The Earth has a layer of gas above its surface which helps to support life. Atoms are the building blocks of matter.At the center of an atom is its nucleus which has a positive electric charge. Outside the nucleus are electrons which have a negative charge. Asteroids and comets are objects that obey our sun, but are smaller than planets.Asteroids that pass close to the Earth are called near-earth objects. The layer of gases just above the Earth’s surface is our atmosphere. The atmosphere is made of gases such as oxygen and nitrogen. Withoutan atmosphere there would be no life on Earth.If they collide with Earth they could cause an extinction event.A force can increase or decrease the speed of an object, and it can change the direction of motion. Theelectric force between the nucleus and the electrons holds the atom together.The two lines on the left intersect each other at a right angle which is90 degrees.The two lines on the right are parallel which means they never cross. The adjacent sides of a rectangle are perpendicular which means they meet a 90-degree angle.The opposite sides of a rectangle are equal and parallel which means they never cross.The area of a rectangle is the length times the width.A circle is a two dimensional figure with a radius and a circumference which is the distance around the circle. Thearea of a circle is Pi R squared, where R is the radius and Pi is the ratio of the circle circumference to its diameter.A sphere is a three dimensional figure with a radius and a volume which is four thirds Pi R cubed.All points on the surface of a sphere are equidistant from its center.A right triangle is a two dimensional figure with three side, two of which are perpendicular.To find its area, multiply the length of the two perpendicular sides a and b and divide by 2, A equals 1 half ab.A rectangle is a 2 dimensional figure with 4 sides.DialogueM: Have you finished eating yetW: No, I haven’t. Why are you in such a hurryM: I’m sorry, but you are such a slow eater.W: A slow eater Well, I try to enjoy my food. You just eat and swallow.I don’t see how you can even taste it.M: OK, I’m sorry. Do you mind if I get another glass of wineW: No, go ahead. I don’t want you to sit there putting pressure on me.I thought we were going to have a relaxing evening.-What does she allow him to do–She allows him to get another glass of wine.A relaxing evening is the opposite of a high-pressure evening.M: Yes, you are right. I’d like to relax, but I have a lot on my mind.W: Work relatedM: Yes, it is. I’ve been getting some strange emails from my boss. He wants me to cut down on my expenses.Maybe he wants to fire me.His boss wants him to spend less.-What is he afraid of–He may lose his job.W: Is business badM: Yes, it is. But I don’t want to talk about it.W: OK, but I’m a good listener. You can tell me if you’d like to.-What doesn’t he want to talk about–He doesn’t want to talk about his business.M: Thanks. Maybe some other time.I’ll try to stop thinking about it until when it’s tomorrow.W: Good idea. You need to take a break from work.Your healthy is important, and so am I.M:Yes, you are. I don’t know what I would do without you.To deal with something means to do something about it.Level 4 unit 1 part3ListeningHarry is an American businessman.His job requires him to do a lot of travelling.He takes nine or ten trips a year.In the past six months, he has made five trips.Three were to Asia, and two were to Europe.The purpose of his trips is to attend meetings and make presentations. -What does his job require him to do–Travel a lot.-What is the purpose of his trips–Attend meetings and make presentations.His job requires him to attend meetings in many countries.Harry loves to travel and he’s travelled to many countries.Most of his trips are for one or two weeks.His first international trip was 15 years ago when he was 20 years old. He really wanted to see Asia, so he and his friend flew to Tokyo, Japan. -How long are most of his trips–for one or two weeks.From Tokyo, they travelled around Japan for 2 weeks.The people they met were very nice, but most of them didn’t speak English. Harry tried to speak a little Japanese, but it was difficult.He didn’t do very well.When he spoke to people, most of them just looked at him.They didn’t understand what he was trying to say.-What language did he try to use when he was in Japan–He tried to speak Japanese.He has made 5 trips in the last 6 months.From Japan, they went to Korea for a week, and then they went to China. In China, they visited the Great Wall near Beijing.They stayed in Beijing for a few days, and then boarded a train for Shanghai. It was an overnight train, with sleeping cars.-What kind of train did they take to Shanghai–It was an overnight train.-How long did they stay in Beijing–for a few days.During the journey, they enjoyed looking out the window at the countryside. The view from the train was wonderful.Harry will never forget watching the sun go down in the evening.It was a beautiful sunset.-What did they enjoy doing during the journey–looking out the window at the countryside.-What won’t Harry ever forget–Watching the beautiful sunset.The journey to Shanghai took many hours, but it was an unforgettable experience.On the train, they met a Chinese professor who spoke English. He was a middle-aged man, whose hair was turning grey.He told them about how things were changing in China.It was wonderful to watch him as he was speaking.His eyes were full of energy and excitement.-Who did they meet on the train–a Chinese professor.-What did the professor talk about–He talked about the many changes China was experiencing. They only stayed in Shanghai a couple of days.Then they returned to the US and went back to school.They had one more year to finish their studies.-Why did they return to the US–They went back to finish their studies.Harry’s next few trips were to different part of the world. He went to Europe twice, each time to different countries. On one trip, he travelled through the UK and France.On the next trip, he went to Italy and Greece.-How many times did he go to Europe–He went to Europe twice.After Europe, he travelled to Mexico and South America.In South America he went to Argentina and Brazil.He enjoyed watching some great soccer matches.-What countries did he visit in South America–Both Argentina and Brazil.Then he decided to go back to Asia.But this time he went to Southeast Asia.He visited Vietnam, Thailand and Singapore.Each country had a charm of its own.-Where did he go after he went to South America–He went to Southeast Asia.-How many countries did he visit in Southeast Asia–He visited 3 different countries.After all these travel Harry decided to make travel part of his career. He didn’t want to work only in the US.He didn’t want to work only with Americans.He wanted to experience other countries and other cultures. Hisdream was to work for an international company.-Why did he decide to work for an international company–he wanted to experience other countries and other cultures.-What was his dream–working for an international company.5 years ago, his dream came true.Now he is working for a German high-tech company.As part of his job, he has to travel a lot.As a result, he has been to many cities and countries.And he has met many interesting people.-What has happened as a result to his job–He has been to many countries and met many interesting people.-What kind of company is he working for–A German hi-tech companyVocabularyA dental cavity is a hole in a tooth.A cavity is caused by bacteria in the mouth.Brushing your teeth frequently and regularly can help prevent cavities.A crack tooth can be caused by biting down on something hard.Dentists treat a crack tooth by covering it with a crown.A dental X-Ray is a picture of your teeth and gums.An X-Ray shows what can’t be seen on the surface of the teeth and gums. Braces are used by dentists to strengthen teeth over a period of years. Through braces are usually for children, they can also be used for adults with crooked teeth.To exact a tooth means to remove it from the mouth.Dentists have to pull hard to exact a tooth.Braces are used on people with crooked teeth or after an injury.Biting down on something hard can be very painful.Dentist often inject something into the gum to block the pain during the extraction process.The heart pumps blood to all parts of the body through a system of arteries and veins.It’s located in the chest, between the lungs, and beats about once per second.The kidneys remove waste and toxins from the blood.They are bean-shaped organs, and are about 10 centimeters long and 6 centimeters wide.The lungs exchange oxygen from the air, with carbon dioxide from the blood. They expand when inhaling air, and contract when exhaling air.The stomach is blow the heart, and is part of the digestive system.It uses acids to digest food before passing it to the small intestine. The bladder is a balloon-shaped organ that collects urine from the kidneys. In an adult, the bladder can hold about half liter of urine.DialogueOfficer: Good evening, sir. You were driving too fast.Driver: really Was IOfficer: Yes, you were going well above the speed limit.Driver: I’m sorry officer.Officer: OK, I need to see your driver’s license.Driver: Here’s my driver’s license.-Why has he been stopped–He was driving too fast.He has given his driver’s license to the police officer.Officer: Your license has expired. Are you aware of thatDriver: No sir, that’s a surprise. I didn’t know.Officer: It has expired more than a year ago.-He probably knows that his license has expired, so…-he’s lying.-What has expired–His driver’s license.Officer: Is this your carDriver: No sir. It’s a friend’s. I’m borrowing it for a night.-Click the correct choice. –He probably isn’t telling the truth. Officer: Get out of the car, and put your hands behind your back. Driver: Why officer What have I doneOfficer: Just do as I say.Driver: OK, officer, I’m cooperating. Please don’t push me.-To cooperate means..–to do as asked.Officer: Get your hands behind your back.Driver: OK, OK.Officer: I’m not asking you, I’m ordering you.Driver: Please officer, I haven’t done anything wrong.-What is he supposed to do–to put his hands behind his back.-To order someone to do something means…-to command them to do it.Officer: Stay still, and don’t say anything. This is a stolen car. Are you aware of thatDriver: Are you going to arrest meOfficer: What do you think T hat’s what we do with car thieves.-Stay still means the same thing as…-Don’t move.-To be aware of means…-to know.Driver: If you let me go, I’ll give you a couple of thousand dollars. I haven’t hurt anybody.Officer: So now you are trying to bribe me. How stupid can you be Driver:I just don’t want to go back to jail. Give me a break.-What is the driver trying to do–bribe the officer.Officer: Sure, you’re a nice guy. I’d like to give you a break. But there’s nothing I can do.Driver: Please officer.Officer: OK, where’s the money Let me see it, and I’ll think about it. -If he takes the money, what would he be taking–a bribe.-An honest police officer will never…-accept a bribeLevel 4 unit 1 part4ListeningQuick Serve is a successful home repair company.It provides quick, reliable repair services to homes.It was established five years ago, and has been expanding rapidly.In the last two years, it has opened offices in three new cities.-How many offices has it opened in the past two years–It has opened offices in 3 new cities.-What services does it provide–It provides home repair services.-To be reliable means…-to be dependable.Because of its rapid growth, it has to hire many new employees.In the last six months, it has hired 50 new employees.The total number of employees in the company is now over 500. Andthe number of customers has increased to more than 5000.-How many people has the company hired in the last 6 months–It has hired 50 new employees.-Why does it have to hire new employees–It has been expanding rapidly.The company has also improved its business model.Instead of offering only repair services, it can now help customers to upgrade their appliances.Quick Serve does this by giving a choice.Customers can choose to repair an appliance, or upgrade it by buying a new one.If they choose to buy a new one, they will get a discounted price.So a customer can either repair a broken refrigerator for a small fee, or buy a new one.-To upgrade something means…-to add features or quality.If they buy a new one, they will get a discounted price, along with free installation.This is possible because several appliance manufacturers have agreed to give Quick Serve big discounts.Quick Serve then installs the new appliance, and removes the old one. Feedback from customers has been positive.-How have customers reacted to this service–Their feedback has been positive.-Who have agreed to give Quick Service big discounts–Several appliance manufacturers.A high percentage of customers have taken advantage of this new service. As a result, Quick Serve has developed a great reputation.Its dedication to high quality service has proven to be successful.Its word of mouth approach to advising has been cost effective.The appliance manufacturers have also been happy with the results.Their growing relationship with Quick Serve has helped to increase their sales.-What has proven to be successful–Its dedication to high quality service. QuickServe’s approach to business is proving to be successful.The world’s population is growing.There are now over 7 billion people in the world.During the 20th century, the population grows from billion to 6 billion. It’s now growing at a rate of around % per year. Thatmean it increases about 18 million per year.By 2024, the population has expected to be around 8 billion people.-How fast is the world’s population growing–The growth rate is about % per year.-What was the population at the end of the 20th century–around 6 billion people.The growth rate used to be higher.In the late 1960s, the rate of growth was about 2%.Since then, the growth rate has declined.It is estimated that the growth rate will be less than 1% by 2020. By the year 2050, the growth rate should be even less.-What has happened to the growth rate–It has declined since the 1960s.It is estimated that the growth rate should be even less.Even with the declining growth rate, the population will continue to grow. But it will grow at a slower rate.In the past 15 years the world’s population has more than doubled.It has doubled from around 3 billion in 1960 to more than 7 billion in 2011. -What has more than doubled in the past 15 years–the world’s population.The rate of growth varies by country.The growth rate in India is more than twice that of China.And the growth rate in Nigeria, which is in Africa, is more than twice India’s growth rate.Russia, on the other hand, has had a negative growth rate in some years. When a country has a negative growth rate, its population is decreasing. -How do the growth rates of India and China compare–India’s growth rate is h igherVocabularyCo-founder of Apple, this entrepreneur was a major figure in the computer industry.He was self-centered and difficult to work for, but he led the developmentof many great products.He died of cancer when he was just 56 years old.Jack ma is one of the richest and most famous men in China.He comes from a poor family and failed his college entrance exams twice. Despite of h is many failures, he has built one of the world’s largest internet companies.David Beckham is one of the world’s richest and most famous athletes. He started playing professional football when he was just 17.Much of his success as an athletes is because he practiced harder than many other players.As a young girl in Pakistan, Malala became famous for her writings on women’s education.In 2012, she was shot in the head and nearly killed.She survived the injury and became the world’s most famous teenager. Born in 1942, Stephen Hawking is one of the world’s most famous scientists. When he was 23, he was diagnosed with ALS, a real disease of the nerves. Becauseof his disease, he is unable to walk and talk.Though he was difficult to work for, his creative genius inspired others to do great work.Despite his condition, he has made important discoveries about the creation of the universe.Shy people are usually quiet and uncomfortable around other people. They generally dislike going to social events such as parties.It’s often difficult to make friends with a shy person because they won’t open up.Outgoing people enjoy being with others, and are comfortable in social situations.They’re friendly and pleasant to be with, though sometimes they can’t be trusted.Self-centered people like to be the center of attention.They like people to look at them and pay attention to them.Self-centered people often talk too much and don’t listen enough. Selfish and greedy people don’t share things with others.They keep things for themselves and always want more.People who are responsible and trustworthy are important in almost any situation.They can be depended on to get things down.These people can be trusted.Outgoing people often have many friends and can be quite popular DialogueM: Hey, Steven, you know I’m your friend, rightSteven: Sure. I know that. What are you trying to sayM: I’m sorry to say this. But I think you are making a fool of yourself. Steven: how am I making a fool of myselfM: Your girlfriend is taking advantage of you.Steven: Taking advantage of meM: Yes, I think so. She’s just using you.-To use someone means…-to take advantage of them.Steven: So, maybe she is. But I don’t mind. Even if she is using me, it’s OK. I’m using her too.M: What do you mean Are you joining in love with herSteven: Yes, I’m in love with her, but that doesn’t mean I’m not using her too.-Steven doesn’t mind if his girlfriend…-is using him.-How does Steven feel about his girlfriend–He’s in love with her.M: I don’t und erstand. What do you meanSteven: Maybe I’m using her because I enjoy being in love. I can’t imagine life without her. Even if she hurts mesometimes, I love her.-What can’t he imagine。

懂你英语-Level4-Unit1-Part2

懂你英语-L e v e l4-U n i t1-P a r t2-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1L4-U1-P2 英语流利说 4-1-2 懂你英语 Level4 Unit1 Part2L4-U1-P2-1 Listening : A Trip to Yosemite Park 1Today Christina and her friend are enjoying themselves.This morning they got up very early and drove out of San Francisco.They crossed the Bay Bridge before the early morning commute and drove south.Because it was so early, there were almost no cars.Why was there much traffic?-It was so early.How heavy was the traffic?- Because it was so early, therewere almost no cars.After driving for an hour and a half, they stopped and had breakfast.They ordered pancakes and coffee.They also had some fresh fruits.When they finished eating, it was 7 o’clock.Then they got back into the car and drove south.Christina wanted to listen to music, so they turned on the radio.An hour later they stopped for gas.They noticed that there was also a charging station for electric cars.What time was it when they finished eating?-they finishedeating at 7 o’clock.They noticed that there was also a charging stationfor electric cars.Because it was so early, there were almost no cars.An hour later they stopped for gas.They crossed the Bay Bridge before the early morningcommute and drove south.Christina wanted to listen to music, so they turned on the radio. What did they order for breakfast? -They ordered pancakes and coffee.Christina wanted to listen to music, so they turned on the radio.Today Christina and her friend are enjoying themselves.When they finished eating, it was 7 o’clock.This morning they got up very early and drove out of San Francisco.They noticed that there was also a charging station for electric cars.It’s now 1:15 and they are in Yosemite Park.They have been there for two hours, since 11:15.They are looking at Yosemite falls, which is the highestwaterfall in the park.The water drops a total of 740 meters from the top of the upper fall to the base of the lower fall.When did they arrive at the park?- They got there at 11:15They have been there for two hours, since11:15.They are looking at Yosemite falls, which is the highestwaterfall in the park.The water drops a total of 740 meters from the top of the upper fall to the base of the lower fall.How long have they been in the park?- They have been there for two hours, since 11:15.They are looking at Yosemite falls, which is the highest waterfall in the park.They have been there for two hours, since 11:15.The water drops a total of 740 meters from the top of the upper fall to the base of the lower fall.L4-U1-P2-2 Listening : A Trip to Yosemite Park 2In another 15 minutes they plan to eat lunch at amagnificent old hotel in the park.It was built in 1927 and has a great view.They want ed to stay there, but they couldn’t get reservations.To get a room at that hotel, you usually need to make reservations several months in advance.Why couldn't they get reservations?- They didn't reserve early enough.They wanted to stay there, but they couldn’t get reservations.When do you need to make reservations? - you need to make reservations several months in advance.It was built in 1927.They plan to stay in the park until around 4 o’clock.By then they will have been in the park for nearly 5 hours.Then they’ll get back into the car and drive back to San Francisco.They plan to eat dinner somewhere along the way.If the traffic isn’t too bad, they should be back in San Francisco by 10 o’clock.How long would they have been in the park if they leave as scheduled?- For nearly 5 years.When do they expect to be back in San Francisco-They expect to be back by 10 o’clock.Early tomorrow morning they are going to cross the Golden Gate Bridge and go north along the coast.From some places, you can look out on the ocean and see whales and other sea life.Christina has never seen a whale before, so she’s looking forward to it.And tomorrow night they have something special planned.They are going to watch a baseball game.Christina has never seen a baseball game, but she has heard that it is very popular in the US.And the San Francisco baseball team is one of the best.What does she hope to see from the coast?-She hopes to see whales.What do they have plan for tomorrow night?- They are going to watch a baseball game.Christina has never seen a baseball game, but shehas heard that it is very popular in the US.They wanted to stay there, but they couldn’t get reservations.They plan to eat dinner somewhere along the way.They are going to watch a baseball game.Early tomorrow morning they are going to cross the Golden Gate Bridge and go north along the coast.From some places, you can look out on the ocean and see whales and other sea life.What has she heard about baseball?-She has heard that it is very popular in the US.What are they going to do tomorrow morning?- They are going to cross the Golden Gate Bridge and go north along the coast.Christina has never seen a whale before, so she’s looking forward to it.They plan to stay in the park until around 4 o’clock.Christina has never seen a whale before, so she’s lookingforward to it.To get a room at that hotel, you usually need to makereservations several months in advance.Christina has never seen a baseball game, but she has heard that it is very popular in the US.L4-U1-P2-3 Vocabulary : ScienceA force is a push or a pull on an object.A force changes the motion of a moving object.A force can be strong or weak, and it always has a direction.The Earth is a planet that goes around the sun in a circular orbit.The speed of its motion doesn't change, but the direction of its motion does.The Earth has a layer of gas above its surface, which helps to support life.Atoms are the building blocks of matter.At the center of an atom is its nucleus, which has a positive electric charge.Outside the nucleus are electrons, which have a negative charge.Asteroids and comets are objects that orbit our sun but are smaller than planets.Asteroids that pass close to the Earth are called near-earth objects.The layer of gases just above Earth's surface is our atmosphere.The atmosphere is made up of gases, such as oxygen and nitrogen.Without an atmosphere, there would be no life on Earth.A force can increase or decrease the speed of an object, and it can change the direction of motion.The electric force between the nucleus and theelectrons holds the atom together.Without an atmosphere,there would be no life on Earth.A force is a push or a pull on an object.Atoms are the building blocks of matter.The Earth has a layer of gas above its surface, which helps to support life.At the center of an atom is its nucleus, which has a positive electric charge.What changes the motion of a moving object? - A force changes the motion of a moving object.What is the layer of gases just above Earth's surface? -Thelayer of gases just above Earth's surface is our atmosphere.What has a nucleus and an electrons?-Matter has a positive charge nucleus and a negative charge electrons.What objects orbit our sun but are smaller than planets?-Asteroids and comets are objects that orbit our sun but are smaller than planets.What keeps the Earth in an orbit around the sun?-It moves in an orbit around the sun because of the gravitational force between them.A force can increase or decrease the speed of an object, and it can change the direction of motion.The electric force between the nucleus andelectrons holds the atom together.Asteroids that pass close to the Earth are called near-earth objects.A force is a push or a pull on an object.Without an atmosphere, there would be no life on Earth.The Earth has a layer of gas above its surface, which helps to support life.At the center of an atom is its nucleus, which has a positive electric charge.L4-U1-P2-3 Vocabulary : GeometryThe two lines on the left intersect each other at a right angle, which is 90 degrees.The two lines on the right are parallel, which means they never cross.The adjacent sides of a rectangle are perpendicular, which means they meet at a 90-degree angle.The opposite sides of a rectangle are equal and parallel, which means they never cross.The area of a rectangle is the length times the width.A circle is a two dimensional figure with a radiusand circumference , which is the distance around the circle.The area of a circle is pi r squared, where r is the radius and pi is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter.A sphere is a three dimensional figure with a radius and a volume, which is 4/3 pi r cubed.All points on the surface of a sphere are equidistant from its center.A right triangle is a two dimensional figure with 3 sides, two of which are perpendicular.To find its area, multiply the lengths of the two perpendicular sides, a and b, and divided by two. A = 1/2 ab.The two lines on the right are parallel, which means they never cross.All points on the surface of a sphere are equidistant fromits center.The area of a rectangle is the length times the width.These lines are parallel, which means they never cross.The two lines on the right are parallel, which means they never cross.A right triangle is a two dimensional figure with 3 sides, two of which are perpendicular.Which two lines intersect at a right angle?-These two lines intersect each other at a right angle, which is 90 degrees.Which two dimensional figure has a radiusand circumference?-A circle is a two dimensionalfigure with a radius and circumference, which is the distance around the circle.Which two dimensional figure has four sides?- A rectangle is a two dimensional figure has four sides.Which three dimensional figure has a volume which is 4/3 pi r cubed?- A sphere is a three dimensional figure with a radius and a volume, which is 4/3 pi r cubed.Which two dimensional figure has three sides? -A righttriangle is a two dimensional figure with 3 sides, two of which are perpendicular.The two lines on the left intersect each other ata right angle, which is 90 degrees.The opposite sides of a rectangle are equal and parallel, which means they never cross.A rectangle is a two dimensional figure has four sides.Pi is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter.All points on the surface of a sphere are equidistant from its center.The opposite sides of a rectangle are equal and parallel, which means they never cross.L4-U1-P2-5 Dialogue : Dinner ConversationM: Have you finished eating yet?W: No, I haven't. Why are you in such a hurry?M: I'm sorry, but you're such a slow eater.W: A slow eater Well, I try to enjoy my food. You just eat and swallow. I don't see how you can even taste it!I don't see how you can even taste it!M: OK, I'm sorry. Do you mind if I get another glass of wine?W: No, go ahead. I don't want you to sitthere putting pressure on me. I thought we were going to have a relaxing evening.What does she allow him to do? -She allows him to get another glass of wine.A relaxing evening is the opposite of ...a high-pressure evening.M: Yes, you're right. I'd like to relax, but I have a lot on my mind.W: Work related?M: Yes, it is. I've been getting some strange E-mails from my boss. He wants me to cut down on my expenses. Maybe he wants to fire me.His boss wants him to spend less.I'd like to relax, but I have a lot on my mind.W: Is business bad?M: Yes, it is. But I don't want to talk about it.W: OK, but I'm a good listener. You can tell me if you'd like to.What doesn't he want to talk about? -He doesn't want to talk about his business.M: Thanks. Maybe some other time. I'll try to stop thinkingabout it and deal with it tomorrow.W: Good idea. You need to take a break from work. Your health is important, and so am I.M: Yes, you are. I don't know what I would do without you.To deal with something means...to do something about it.Have you finished eating yet?I'm sorry, but you're such a slow eater.I don't see how you can even taste it!I thought we were going to have a relaxing evening.I don't know what I would do without you.11。

懂你英语Levelunit

Level 4 unit 1 part1ListeningChristina is on a two week vocation.This is the first vocation she has had for a long time.The last vocation she took was more than two years ago.Now she is visiting a friend in San Francisco.Her friend and her husband are living near the center of the city.He works for a start-up company in Silicon Valley.While he is working, she works part-time at a department store.-How long has it been since her last vocation–It’s been more than 2 years.-What kind of company do es her friend’s husband work for–A start-up company.Christina hasn’t seen her friend for a longtime.The last time they saw each other was three years ago.At that time, they were both working at a department store.Then Christina quitted her job and started her own business.She designs women’s clothing.She has two employees now and her company is slowly growing.-How long has it been since Christina last saw her friend –It has been 3 years.-Where were Christina and her friend working before she started her own business–They were working at a department store.-How long has it been since Christina started her own business–It’s been 3 years.Christina has come to San Francisco by herself.Her husband didn’t come, because he has to work.He tried to start a company two years ago, but it didn’t work out.His company failed after only a few months.So now he is working at another company and saving money.Once he saves enough money, he plans to start another company.He doesn’t want to give up.-Why hasn’t Christina’s husband come with her–He has to work.-Why is Christina’s husband saving money–He wants to start a new company.This is the second time Christina has been to San Francisco.The first time was when she was a high school student.That was more than ten years ago.During that trip, she was only in San Francisco for a few days.After that, she went to Los Angeles and New York.This time she and her friend plan to relax and have fun.-How many times has Christina been to San Francisco–She has been to San Francisco twice.-How long did she stay in San Francisco on her first trip–A few days.Christina arrived two days ago, the day before yesterday.Her friend met her at the airport, and drove her to her apartment.Her apartment is just north of the airport, about 20 minutes from San Francisco.It’s a small apartment, but it’s on a hill, and it has a great view. Yesterday they went downtown, and rode the cable cars.Christina was surprised by how steep the hills are.Then they walked along the ocean, and ate lunch at a sea food restaurant. Fromthe restaurant, they could see the Golden Gate Bridge.-How long has she been here–For two days.Tomorrow they are planning to drive to Yosemite National Park.By car, it’s about four hours aw ay.Christina has never been there before, so she is excited.She has heard that the park is very beautiful.Her friend has been to Yosemite several times.She says that it’s one of the most beautiful places in the world. Christina just hopes that her friend is a good driver.-How many times has she been to the Yosemite–Never.VocabularyHeadaches can be very painful, and can last for a long time.If you have a headache, your head hurts.A sprained ankle can be so painful that you can’t walk.Someone with a sprained ankle may need to use crutches to walk.If you have a sore throat, it may be painful to swallow.A sore throat can be caused by viruses or bacteria.A burn is an injury to the skin caused by fire or heat.If you get to close to a fire, you will be burned.An earache is a sharp, dull or burning pain in the ear.Common causes of an earache include an infection, a changing air pressure, or water in the ear.Mountains are land forms higher than 2000 feet or about 600 meters above sea level.Hills are like mountains but not as tall.Mountains are formed by forces deep within the Earth, and are made of different types of rocks.Rivers are streams of water that usually begin in mountains and flow into the sea.Many early cities were built alongside rivers.Most of the world’s water is in the oceans, which are large bodies of salt water.The oceans are also an important source of oxygen.Deserts are areas of land that receive little or no rainfall.The amount of rainfall in some deserts is so low that only a few plants can survive.A valley is a low relatively flat area between hills or mountains, oftenwith a river running through it. Somevalleys are formed by flowing water, and others are formed by glaciers. The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest ocean, covering more area than all the continents put together.Desert temperatures can range from cold at night to very hot during the daytime, often above 120 degrees FDialogueM: Have you eaten yetW: No, I haven’t, and I’m hungry.M: Me too. L et’s go out for dinner.W: Where toM: What about Joe’s ItalianW: How many times have you eaten thereM: I eat there a lot. It’s one of my favorite places.-Why is she hungry–She hasn’t eaten yet.W: I went there two weeks ago, and the service was terrible.M:Really Then let’s go someplace else.-Why doesn’t she want to go to Joe’s Italian–She went there two weeks ago and the service was terrible.M: What do you suggestW: How about the Royal Ind ian It’s not far from here.M: I’ve never heard of it. Is it goodW: Yes, I’ve been there several times, and I’ve never been disappointed. -What’s one reason she suggests Royal Indian–It’s not far away.-Has she been to the Royal Indian before–Yes, she has.M: OK, let’s try it. I haven’t eaten Indian food for a long time.W: You won’t be disappointed, and the prices are reasonable.M: Ah, so you mean I’m going to pay.W: Well, that would certainly be nice.-How expensive is the restaurant–It’s reasona bly priced.M: What about reservationsW: If we get there early enough, we won’t need them.M: I hope you are right.W: Don’t worry, if we have to wait, I’ll pay the bill.-What would happen if they don’t get there early enough–They may have to wait.When she went there two weeks ago, the service was awful.She has been there several times.Level 4 unit 1 part2ListeningToday Christina and her friend are enjoying themselves.This morning they got up very early and drove out of San Francisco. They crossed the Bay Bridge before the early morning commute and drove south.Because it was so early, there were almost no cars.-How heavy was the traffic–There were almost no cars.After driving for an hour and a half, they stopped and had breakfast. They ordered pancakes and coffee.They also had some fresh fruit.When they finished eating, it was seven o’clock.Then they got back into the car, and drove south.Christina wanted to listen to music, so they turned on the radio.An hour later, they stopped for gas.They noticed that there was also a charging station for electric cars. -How did they order for breakfast–They ordered pancakes and coffee.-What did they do after they finished eating–They got back into the car and drove south.It’s now 1:15 (one fifteen), and they are in Yosemite Park.They have been there for two hours, since 11:15(eleven fifteen).They are looking at Yosemite falls, which is the highest waterfall in the park.The water drops a total of 740 meters from the top of the upper fall to the base of the lower fall.-When did they arrive at the park–They got there at 11:15.In another fifteen minutes, they planned to eat lunch at a magnificent old hotel in the park.It was built in 1927 and has a great view.They wanted to stay there but they couldn’t get reservations.To get a room at that hotel, you usually need to make reservations several months in advance.-When do you need to make reservations–You need to make reservations several months in advance.-Why couldn’t they get reser vations–They didn’t reserve early enough.They planned to stay in the park until around four o’clock.By then, they will have been in the park for nearly five hours.Then they will get back into the car and drive back to San Francisco. They plan to eat dinner somewhere along the way.If the traffic isn’t too bad, they should be back in San Francisco by ten o’clock.-When do they expect to be back in San Francisco–They expect to be back by 10 o’clock.-How long would they have been in the park if they leave as scheduled –For nearly 5 hours.Early tomorrow morning, they are going to cross the Golden Gate Bridge and go north along the coast.From some places you can look out on the ocean and see whales and other sea life.Christina has never seen a whale before, so she is looking forward to it.And tomorrow night they have something special planned.They are going to watch a baseball game.Christina has never seen a baseball game, but she has heard that it is very popular in the US. Andthe San Francisco baseball team is one of the best.-What does she hope to see from the coast–She hopes to see whales.-What are they going to do tomorrow morning–They are going to cross the Golden Gate Bridge.VocabularyA force is a push or a pull on an object.A force changes the motion of a moving object.A force can be strong or weak and it always has a direction.The Earth is a planet that goes around the sun in a circular orbit.The speed of its motion doesn’t change, but the direction of its motion does.The Earth has a layer of gas above its surface which helps to support life. Atoms are the building blocks of matter.At the center of an atom is its nucleus which has a positive electric charge. Outside the nucleus are electrons which have a negative charge. Asteroids and comets are objects that obey our sun, but are smaller than planets.Asteroids that pass close to the Earth are called near-earth objects. The layer of gases just above the Earth’s surface is our atmosphere. The atmosphere is made of gases such as oxygen and nitrogen. Withoutan atmosphere there would be no life on Earth.If they collide with Earth they could cause an extinction event.A force can increase or decrease the speed of an object, and it can change the direction of motion. Theelectric force between the nucleus and the electrons holds the atom together.The two lines on the left intersect each other at a right angle which is90 degrees.The two lines on the right are parallel which means they never cross. The adjacent sides of a rectangle are perpendicular which means they meet a 90-degree angle.The opposite sides of a rectangle are equal and parallel which means they never cross.The area of a rectangle is the length times the width.A circle is a two dimensional figure with a radius and a circumference which is the distance around the circle. Thearea of a circle is Pi R squared, where R is the radius and Pi is the ratio of the circle circumference to its diameter.A sphere is a three dimensional figure with a radius and a volume which is four thirds Pi R cubed.All points on the surface of a sphere are equidistant from its center.A right triangle is a two dimensional figure with three side, two of which are perpendicular.To find its area, multiply the length of the two perpendicular sides a and b and divide by 2, A equals 1 half ab.A rectangle is a 2 dimensional figure with 4 sides.DialogueM: Have you finished eating yetW: No, I haven’t. Why are you in such a hurryM: I’m sorry, but you are such a slow eater.W: A slow eater Well, I try to enjoy my food. You just eat and swallow.I don’t see how you can even taste it.M: OK, I’m sorry. Do you mind if I get another glass of wineW: No, go ahead. I don’t want you to sit there putting pressure on me.I thought we were going to have a relaxing evening.-What does she allow him to do–She allows him to get another glass of wine.A relaxing evening is the opposite of a high-pressure evening.M: Yes, you are right. I’d like to relax, but I have a lot on my mind.W: Work relatedM: Yes, it is. I’ve been getting some strange emails from my boss. He wants me to cut down on my expenses.Maybe he wants to fire me.His boss wants him to spend less.-What is he afraid of–He may lose his job.W: Is business badM: Yes, it is. But I don’t want to talk about it.W: OK, but I’m a good listener. You can tell me if you’d like to.-What doesn’t he want to talk about–He doesn’t want to talk about his business.M: Thanks. Maybe some other time.I’ll try to stop thinking about it until when it’s tomorrow.W: Good idea. You need to take a break from work.Your healthy is important, and so am I.M:Yes, you are. I don’t know what I would do without you.To deal with something means to do something about it.Level 4 unit 1 part3ListeningHarry is an American businessman.His job requires him to do a lot of travelling.He takes nine or ten trips a year.In the past six months, he has made five trips.Three were to Asia, and two were to Europe.The purpose of his trips is to attend meetings and make presentations. -What does his job require him to do–Travel a lot.-What is the purpose of his trips–Attend meetings and make presentations.His job requires him to attend meetings in many countries.Harry loves to travel and he’s travelled to many countries.Most of his trips are for one or two weeks.His first international trip was 15 years ago when he was 20 years old. He really wanted to see Asia, so he and his friend flew to Tokyo, Japan. -How long are most of his trips–for one or two weeks.From Tokyo, they travelled around Japan for 2 weeks.The people they met were very nice, but most of them didn’t speak English. Harry tried to speak a little Japanese, but it was difficult.He didn’t do very well.When he spoke to people, most of them just looked at him.They didn’t understand what he was trying to say.-What language did he try to use when he was in Japan–He tried to speak Japanese.He has made 5 trips in the last 6 months.From Japan, they went to Korea for a week, and then they went to China. In China, they visited the Great Wall near Beijing.They stayed in Beijing for a few days, and then boarded a train for Shanghai. It was an overnight train, with sleeping cars.-What kind of train did they take to Shanghai–It was an overnight train.-How long did they stay in Beijing–for a few days.During the journey, they enjoyed looking out the window at the countryside. The view from the train was wonderful.Harry will never forget watching the sun go down in the evening.It was a beautiful sunset.-What did they enjoy doing during the journey–looking out the window at the countryside.-What won’t Harry ever forget–Watching the beautiful sunset.The journey to Shanghai took many hours, but it was an unforgettable experience.On the train, they met a Chinese professor who spoke English. He was a middle-aged man, whose hair was turning grey.He told them about how things were changing in China.It was wonderful to watch him as he was speaking.His eyes were full of energy and excitement.-Who did they meet on the train–a Chinese professor.-What did the professor talk about–He talked about the many changes China was experiencing. They only stayed in Shanghai a couple of days.Then they returned to the US and went back to school.They had one more year to finish their studies.-Why did they return to the US–They went back to finish their studies.Harry’s next few trips were to different part of the world. He went to Europe twice, each time to different countries. On one trip, he travelled through the UK and France.On the next trip, he went to Italy and Greece.-How many times did he go to Europe–He went to Europe twice.After Europe, he travelled to Mexico and South America.In South America he went to Argentina and Brazil.He enjoyed watching some great soccer matches.-What countries did he visit in South America–Both Argentina and Brazil.Then he decided to go back to Asia.But this time he went to Southeast Asia.He visited Vietnam, Thailand and Singapore.Each country had a charm of its own.-Where did he go after he went to South America–He went to Southeast Asia.-How many countries did he visit in Southeast Asia–He visited 3 different countries.After all these travel Harry decided to make travel part of his career. He didn’t want to work only in the US.He didn’t want to work only with Americans.He wanted to experience other countries and other cultures. Hisdream was to work for an international company.-Why did he decide to work for an international company–he wanted to experience other countries and other cultures.-What was his dream–working for an international company.5 years ago, his dream came true.Now he is working for a German high-tech company.As part of his job, he has to travel a lot.As a result, he has been to many cities and countries.And he has met many interesting people.-What has happened as a result to his job–He has been to many countries and met many interesting people.-What kind of company is he working for–A German hi-tech companyVocabularyA dental cavity is a hole in a tooth.A cavity is caused by bacteria in the mouth.Brushing your teeth frequently and regularly can help prevent cavities.A crack tooth can be caused by biting down on something hard.Dentists treat a crack tooth by covering it with a crown.A dental X-Ray is a picture of your teeth and gums.An X-Ray shows what can’t be seen on the surface of the teeth and gums. Braces are used by dentists to strengthen teeth over a period of years. Through braces are usually for children, they can also be used for adults with crooked teeth.To exact a tooth means to remove it from the mouth.Dentists have to pull hard to exact a tooth.Braces are used on people with crooked teeth or after an injury.Biting down on something hard can be very painful.Dentist often inject something into the gum to block the pain during the extraction process.The heart pumps blood to all parts of the body through a system of arteries and veins.It’s located in the chest, between the lungs, and beats about once per second.The kidneys remove waste and toxins from the blood.They are bean-shaped organs, and are about 10 centimeters long and 6 centimeters wide.The lungs exchange oxygen from the air, with carbon dioxide from the blood. They expand when inhaling air, and contract when exhaling air.The stomach is blow the heart, and is part of the digestive system.It uses acids to digest food before passing it to the small intestine. The bladder is a balloon-shaped organ that collects urine from the kidneys. In an adult, the bladder can hold about half liter of urine.DialogueOfficer: Good evening, sir. You were driving too fast.Driver: really Was IOfficer: Yes, you were going well above the speed limit.Driver: I’m sorry officer.Officer: OK, I need to see your driver’s license.Driver: Here’s my driver’s license.-Why has he been stopped–He was driving too fast.He has given his driver’s license to the police officer.Officer: Your license has expired. Are you aware of thatDriver: No sir, that’s a surprise. I didn’t know.Officer: It has expired more than a year ago.-He probably knows that his license has expired, so…-he’s lying.-What has expired–His driver’s license.Officer: Is this your carDriver: No sir. It’s a friend’s. I’m borrowing it for a night.-Click the correct choice. –He probably isn’t telling the truth. Officer: Get out of the car, and put your hands behind your back. Driver: Why officer What have I doneOfficer: Just do as I say.Driver: OK, officer, I’m cooperating. Please don’t push me.-To cooperate means..–to do as asked.Officer: Get your hands behind your back.Driver: OK, OK.Officer: I’m not asking you, I’m ordering you.Driver: Please officer, I haven’t done anything wrong.-What is he supposed to do–to put his hands behind his back.-To order someone to do something means…-to command them to do it.Officer: Stay still, and don’t say anything. This is a stolen car. Are you aware of thatDriver: Are you going to arrest meOfficer: What do you think T hat’s what we do with car thieves.-Stay still means the same thing as…-Don’t move.-To be aware of means…-to know.Driver: If you let me go, I’ll give you a couple of thousand dollars. I haven’t hurt anybody.Officer: So now you are trying to bribe me. How stupid can you be Driver:I just don’t want to go back to jail. Give me a break.-What is the driver trying to do–bribe the officer.Officer: Sure, you’re a nice guy. I’d like to give you a break. But there’s nothing I can do.Driver: Please officer.Officer: OK, where’s the money Let me see it, and I’ll think about it. -If he takes the money, what would he be taking–a bribe.-An honest police officer will never…-accept a bribeLevel 4 unit 1 part4ListeningQuick Serve is a successful home repair company.It provides quick, reliable repair services to homes.It was established five years ago, and has been expanding rapidly.In the last two years, it has opened offices in three new cities.-How many offices has it opened in the past two years–It has opened offices in 3 new cities.-What services does it provide–It provides home repair services.-To be reliable means…-to be dependable.Because of its rapid growth, it has to hire many new employees.In the last six months, it has hired 50 new employees.The total number of employees in the company is now over 500. Andthe number of customers has increased to more than 5000.-How many people has the company hired in the last 6 months–It has hired 50 new employees.-Why does it have to hire new employees–It has been expanding rapidly.The company has also improved its business model.Instead of offering only repair services, it can now help customers to upgrade their appliances.Quick Serve does this by giving a choice.Customers can choose to repair an appliance, or upgrade it by buying a new one.If they choose to buy a new one, they will get a discounted price.So a customer can either repair a broken refrigerator for a small fee, or buy a new one.-To upgrade something means…-to add features or quality.If they buy a new one, they will get a discounted price, along with free installation.This is possible because several appliance manufacturers have agreed to give Quick Serve big discounts.Quick Serve then installs the new appliance, and removes the old one. Feedback from customers has been positive.-How have customers reacted to this service–Their feedback has been positive.-Who have agreed to give Quick Service big discounts–Several appliance manufacturers.A high percentage of customers have taken advantage of this new service. As a result, Quick Serve has developed a great reputation.Its dedication to high quality service has proven to be successful.Its word of mouth approach to advising has been cost effective.The appliance manufacturers have also been happy with the results.Their growing relationship with Quick Serve has helped to increase their sales.-What has proven to be successful–Its dedication to high quality service. QuickServe’s approach to business is proving to be successful.The world’s population is growing.There are now over 7 billion people in the world.During the 20th century, the population grows from billion to 6 billion. It’s now growing at a rate of around % per year. Thatmean it increases about 18 million per year.By 2024, the population has expected to be around 8 billion people.-How fast is the world’s population growing–The growth rate is about % per year.-What was the population at the end of the 20th century–around 6 billion people.The growth rate used to be higher.In the late 1960s, the rate of growth was about 2%.Since then, the growth rate has declined.It is estimated that the growth rate will be less than 1% by 2020. By the year 2050, the growth rate should be even less.-What has happened to the growth rate–It has declined since the 1960s.It is estimated that the growth rate should be even less.Even with the declining growth rate, the population will continue to grow. But it will grow at a slower rate.In the past 15 years the world’s population has more than doubled.It has doubled from around 3 billion in 1960 to more than 7 billion in 2011. -What has more than doubled in the past 15 years–the world’s population.The rate of growth varies by country.The growth rate in India is more than twice that of China.And the growth rate in Nigeria, which is in Africa, is more than twice India’s growth rate.Russia, on the other hand, has had a negative growth rate in some years. When a country has a negative growth rate, its population is decreasing. -How do the growth rates of India and China compare–India’s growth rate is h igherVocabularyCo-founder of Apple, this entrepreneur was a major figure in the computer industry.He was self-centered and difficult to work for, but he led the developmentof many great products.He died of cancer when he was just 56 years old.Jack ma is one of the richest and most famous men in China.He comes from a poor family and failed his college entrance exams twice. Despite of h is many failures, he has built one of the world’s largest internet companies.David Beckham is one of the world’s richest and most famous athletes. He started playing professional football when he was just 17.Much of his success as an athletes is because he practiced harder than many other players.As a young girl in Pakistan, Malala became famous for her writings on women’s education.In 2012, she was shot in the head and nearly killed.She survived the injury and became the world’s most famous teenager. Born in 1942, Stephen Hawking is one of the world’s most famous scientists. When he was 23, he was diagnosed with ALS, a real disease of the nerves. Becauseof his disease, he is unable to walk and talk.Though he was difficult to work for, his creative genius inspired others to do great work.Despite his condition, he has made important discoveries about the creation of the universe.Shy people are usually quiet and uncomfortable around other people. They generally dislike going to social events such as parties.It’s often difficult to make friends with a shy person because they won’t open up.Outgoing people enjoy being with others, and are comfortable in social situations.They’re friendly and pleasant to be with, though sometimes they can’t be trusted.Self-centered people like to be the center of attention.They like people to look at them and pay attention to them.Self-centered people often talk too much and don’t listen enough. Selfish and greedy people don’t share things with others.They keep things for themselves and always want more.People who are responsible and trustworthy are important in almost any situation.They can be depended on to get things down.These people can be trusted.Outgoing people often have many friends and can be quite popular DialogueM: Hey, Steven, you know I’m your friend, rightSteven: Sure. I know that. What are you trying to sayM: I’m sorry to say this. But I think you are making a fool of yourself. Steven: how am I making a fool of myselfM: Your girlfriend is taking advantage of you.Steven: Taking advantage of meM: Yes, I think so. She’s just using you.-To use someone means…-to take advantage of them.Steven: So, maybe she is. But I don’t mind. Even if she is using me, it’s OK. I’m using her too.M: What do you mean Are you joining in love with herSteven: Yes, I’m in love with her, but that doesn’t mean I’m not using her too.-Steven doesn’t mind if his girlfriend…-is using him.-How does Steven feel about his girlfriend–He’s in love with her.M: I don’t und erstand. What do you meanSteven: Maybe I’m using her because I enjoy being in love. I can’t imagine life without her. Even if she hurts mesometimes, I love her.-What can’t he imagine。

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懂你英语L4-U n i t21Ex t i n c t i o n E ve n ts Level4 Unit2 1 Listening?Extinction EventsThe Earth was formed about billion years first life appeared about a billion years first plants didn't appear until around 2 billion years ago. Until about 580 million years ago, life forms were small and microscopic. Since that time, life has evolved into many different types, or species. However, scientists estimate that more than 99% of them are now extinct.There have been several extinction events in the history of the Earth. In an extinction event many life forms, or species of life, die out. The causes of mass extinction events are unsolved mysteries. These events are not predictable and can happen at any time. Scientists think that some of them were started by asteroid impacts or volcanic eruptions. Events like these can change the global conditions that life depends on.One major extinction event happened about 66 million years ago. That event may have been started by a large asteroid that hit the Earth. As a result, the dinosaurs and about half of all species on the planet died out. When the asteroid hit the earth, it started a chain of events. A chain of events is a series of events linked together, like a chain.This particular chain of events happened over a period of months and years. When the asteroid hit the Earth, it caused a huge cloud of dust to enter the atmosphere. This cloud of dust blocked the sun and darkened the Earth for many months. Without enough sunlight, plants and plant-eating animals quickly died. With the deaths of so many plants and animals, the food chain collapsed. This led to the deaths of many more species.Mass extinction events have played an important part in the evolution of life. In fact, some extinction events have helped to accelerate evolution. For example, some mammals lived through the age of the dinosaurs, but they couldn't compete. When the dinosaurs were removed, the mammals were able to compete more successfully. Once they could compete, mammals evolved to a higher state. Without extinction events, perhaps we wouldn't be here today.Scientists estimate that there have been at least 5 mass extinctions in the last 540 million years. They also believe that we have entered a new extinction event. Species are becoming extinct at a much faster rate than before. Instead of asteroids or volcanic eruptions, the current event is the result of human activities. Human activities, for example, have led to global warming.Global warming is the result of an increase in carbon gases in our atmosphere. These gases trap heat from the sun, so the Earth is getting warmer. As a result, sea levels are rising and weather patterns are changing. In addition, we humans are destroying the habitats of many plants and animals. Cutting down forests and polluting rivers destroys the habitats of many forms of life.There is no longer any doubt that this is happening. Species of life are disappearing at an increasing rate. Global temperatures are rising and weather patterns are changing. Scientists are warning us that fast action isnecessary to save our future. If we don't act, we may go the way of the dinosaurs. (This new extinction event is caused by humans.)Level4 Unit2 1 VocabularyBody SystemsThe body's circulatory system includes the heart and blood vessels. The heart pumps blood to all parts of the body through a network of arteries and veins. (The blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich bloodfrom the heart are called arteries.)The digestive system breaks down and absorbs food into the body. It's supplies the energy that the body needs for growth and repair. After digestion, excess food is turned into waste and eliminated from the body. (The digestive system is where food is broken down and absorbed into the body.)The nervous system includes the brain,spinal cord and nerves. This is your body's control system. It controls your muscles and organs, including your circulatory and digestive system. (The nervous system regulates your heartbeat and digestion.)The respiratory system includes the nose and lungs. It brings air and oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide. The lungs are where oxygen enters the bloodstream, and carbon dioxide is removed.The immune system protects the body against infections and diseases. Sneezing and fever are examples of how the immune system works. If an infection invades the body, the immune system attacks it.Great DiscoveriesThe controlled use of fire allowed people to cook food and survive in the colder climates. Fire provided light so that people could work andsocialize for longer hours.With the invention of agriculture, people could grow food andsettle into communities. By growing food, people could spend less time hunting, and more time for other things such as art. (With the development of agriculture, people had more time for other activities.)The domestication of animals allowed people to raise and use animals for food and work. By raising herds of animals such as sheep, humans had a regular supply of meat and clothing. The strength of animals such as horses andoxen was used for work and transportation.The development of tools and machines has resulted in more efficient?manufacturing and construction. With better tools and machines, work can be done with fewer people and at much lower costs. (The use of machines has reduced the number of people needed to make things.)The development of science and engineering has improved many things, including communications. With an understanding of electricity, telephones and radios allow people to communicate over long distances. (Science and engineering have changed the way we communicate with each other.)Level4 Unit2 Part1 DialogueSmartphone AddictionI took a vacation last night.What are you talking aboutWhere did you take your vacationI didn't go anywhere.I just spend an evening without my smartphone.How was itIt was great. I got a real magazine and read it with no interruption.It was very peaceful.Yes, I haven't done that in a long time.You know whatI'm beginning to hate smartphones.Really but you can't live without one, rightYes, that's the problem.These things are changing the way people live.Yes, I just saw a documentary about that.A husband was complaining to his wife that she was spending too much time on her smartphone. what happened Did they get a divorceYou guessed it. In the end, they got a divorce.It's a bit ironic, don't you thinkSmartphone were supposed to bring people together, but they are pulling people apart.Yes, you are right.Hey, just a minute. I've got a message on my smartphone, and it can't wait.Rude BossHey, wake up and get back to work.What's wrong with youI'm on my break sir, and I have a bad headache.Well, we are not paying you to sleep.If you're going to sleep, sleep someplace else.Yes, sir, sorry, it won't happen again.It had better not.Just a minute.Don't talk to me like that.What did you sayYou hurt me. you don't have to treat people like that.Well, if you don't like it, I suggest you leave.OK, I will. I've had enough of you.I'll get a job somewhere else.(The manager treats the employees in a threatening manner.)(The employee treats the manager respectfully.)懂你英语L4-Unit2 2?Point?of?viewLevel4 Unit2 Part2 ListeningPoint of viewThis man is holding a piece of fruit in his hand. The piece of fruit is either an orange or an apple. We can’t see which it is because we can’t see inside the box. The probability that it is an orange is equal to the probability that it is an apple. It may be an apple, and it may be an orange. It’s got to be one or the other. It can’t be anything else.Now let’s look at it from the man’s point of view. From his point of view, the probabilities are different. From his point of view, the probability that he has an orange is 100% or 0%. That’s because he knows what he has. Forhim there is no uncert ainty. If he has an orange, the probability is 100%. If he doesn’t have an orange, the probability is 0%.? He either has it or he doesn’t.From our point of view, the probability that he has an orange is 50%. From his point of view, the probability that he has an orange is 100% or 0%. So the probability depends on your point of view.People see things from different points of view. This often leads to arguments between people. Here are some examples. From this man’s point of view, he is relaxing. He needs t o relax because he has been working too hard. He hasn’t been getting enough sleep.His wife sees things differently. She isn’t aware of how hard he has been working. From her point of view, he is doing nothing. However, she knows what needs to be done arou nd the house. It isn’t fair that she has to work while he does nothing.When people see things from different points of view, they often come to different conclusions. These differences can cause real communication problems.Level4 Unit2 Part2 VocabularyDisastersEarthquakes are caused by forces deep within the earth. When the earth shakes, buildings can collapse and people can be buried inside.An explosion is a rapid, violent release of energy. Explosions can be caused by chemical reaction, such as inside an engine. A spark can ignite a mixture of gases, and release energy for good or destructive purposes.Accidents are often caused by people doing foolish things or by not being careful. One major cause of accidents is driving too fast. Accidents with fire can be very serious and can result in very painful injuries.Epidemics are the rapid spread of a disease, such as the flu or Ebola. Throughout history epidemics have killed millions of people.Storms are caused by changes in the atmosphere resulting in high winds and heavy rain. Thunderstorms are caused by electric charges in the atmosphere that produce lightning, which can cause forest fires. Some storms cause flooding and major damage to homes and cities.ReligionsFollowers of the Islam religion are called Muslims. These Muslims are praying inside a mosque. Muslims are called to prayer 5 times a day, beginning just before sunrise.Christianity is based on the teachings of Jesus Christ who lived more than 2000 years ago. Christians believe that Jesus is the son of god. Christians often gather in churches or cathedrals to worship.Followers of Judaism are called Jews. These Jews are meeting inside a synagogue, which is a place of worship and study. Judaism was founded over 35 hundred years ago in the middle east. Judaism is based on the teachings of Moses, who they believe is the most important prophet.Buddhism began in India and is based on the teachings of the Buddha. The religion is about 25 hundred years old. Some Buddhists practice a form of meditation in which they empty their minds of any thought.Hinduism is the world’s third most popular religion and is the main religion of India. Hinduism has no founder and is a mixture of many beliefs. Some Hindus believe in the cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth.Level4 Unit2 Part2 DialogueMissing AircraftDo you have any more information about the location of the missing aircraftNo, we don’t. The only information we have is that it disappeared.What about the last communication with the aircraftThe last communication was about 15 minutes before it disappeared.Was there anything unusual in the communicationNo, there wasn't anything unusual.Nothing pointed to any kind of problem.Anyway, we are confident that we will find it.It’s a large aircraft so it shouldn’t be difficult to find.How many countries are helping with the searchRight now, we have search teams from 3 countries starting the search.It’s a big area to search, so can you give us an estimate about how long it will takeYes, it’s a big area, so it might take a long time.But we won’t give up.We will search until we find it.Have they found the wreckage yetWhat are you talking aboutYou know, the airplane that disappeared last year.Oh, yes, now I know what you are referring to.Yes, they found some piece of it.What about the black boxesNo, they still haven’t found the black boxes.It’s hard to believe they still don’t know what happened.Perhaps they’ll never know, especially if they don’t find the black boxes.Whatever happened to it, there is no good reason why a modern airline is allowed to disappear.I agree with you.懂你英语L4-Unit2 3Level4 Unit2 Part3 Listening?AlcatrazAlcatraz is a small island in San Francisco Bay, miles from San Francisco. From Alcatraz, you can see the famous Golden Gate Bridge. Alcatraz is also famous and is now a major tourist attraction. Tourists can reach the island by boat from the city.Alcatraz has often appeared in movies, including "Escape from Alcatraz" which was made in 1979. One reason it’s famous is b ecause it used to be a prison, a very special prison. It was designed for prisoners who were causing trouble in other prisons, such as trying to escape. It was a maximum security prison, so escape was almost impossible. The waters around it are cold, and only very strong swimmers can swim from the island to San Francisco.The first group of prisoners arrived in 1934. There were 137 prisoners, including bank robbers and murderers. They came by train from another prison in the state of Kansas. During that trip, there was heavy security. The prisoners were under guard and handcuffed. Nobody wanted them to escape.The prison was designed to hold up to 336 prisoners. However, the average population was only about 270. Although there were several notorious inmates, such as Al Capone, most of the inmates were not well-known. Many had tried to escape from other prisons or were considered violent. If a man did not behave at another prison, he could be sent to Alcatraz. At Alcatraz there was just one inmate in each prison cell.Prison life at Alcatraz was highly structured and boring. It was designed to teach prisoners to follow rules. They had four rights: food, clothing, shelter, and medical care. Everything else was a privilege that had to be earned. Privileges included working, visits from family members, and access to the prison library. There were alsoactivities such as painting and music. Once a prisoner showed that he could follow the rules, he could be transferred back to another prison to finish his sentence.Alcatraz was used as a prison for 29 years. During that time, no prisoner escaped successfully. There were 14 escape attempts, involving 36 prisoners. Twenty-three were caught alive, and six were shot and killed. Two men tried to escape twice. Two drowned and five were listed as missing and presumed drowned. The most violent escape attempt occurred on May 2, 1946 when six prisoners tried to escape. That event is called the "Battle of Alcatraz."While it was in use, Alcatraz held some of the most notorious criminals in American history, such as Al Capone. Al Capone was a crime boss who built his career in Chicago. The prison was finally closed in 1963. It was closed because it was too expensive to operate.Level4 Unit2 Part2 VocabularyGraphs & chartsA bar graph uses rectangular bars of different lengths to show and compare data. The lengths of the bars are proportional to the values they represent. The bars can be vertical, up and down, or horizontal.A circle graph, often called a pie graph, is shaped like a circle. It is divided into segments that look like pieces of a pie. Percentages are used to compare the segments, which are ordered from biggest to smallest.Line graphs are used to show the relationship between two variables, such as time and distance. These variables are plotted on 2 axes, the X axis and the Y axis. The X axis often shows time, while the Y axis shows how quantities, such as distance, temperature, or profits change with time.A flowchart is a type of graph that shows how a process or a project flows from start to finish. A flow chart consists of start points, inputs, outputs and decision points.An organizational chart or org chart show the structure of a company. It shows how people and departments within a company are connected. It defines the roles and responsibilities of people and departments within a company.Legal TermsLaws are rules that people are supposed to follow. A system of laws governs the behavior of people within a country. (An action that is against the law is an illegal action.) (An action that follows the law is a legal action.)Criminals are people who break the law. People who commit a crime are called criminals. Some criminals are very dangerous and needed be put in jail. (Someone who commits a crime may be sent to prison.)A jail or prison is a place where criminals are locked behind bars, sometimes for many years. Prisons are designed to keep criminals away from other people.A courthouse is where someone charged with committing a crime goes on trial. In court, evidence is presented to show the guilt or innocence of a person on trial.When someone breaks the law, they may be arrested by the police. To arrest someone means to take and hold them until they go on trial.(When a person is charged with breaking a law ,they are tried in a court of law.)Level4 Unit2 Part3 DialogueCurrent ExchangeMay I help you, sirI’d like to change some US dollars into Japanese yen, please.Yes, certainly sir.How much would you like to changeI’d like to change 500 dollars.May I see your passport pleaseI don’t have it with me, but I do have my driver’s license.Would that be OKNo, I'm sorry, sir.I need to see your passport, it’s the law.Look, I’m not asking for a loan.I just want to convert my dollars into yen.Why do I need my passportI understand your frustration sir, but that’s the law.I can not do something that is illegal.OK, do you have any suggestionsSure, the easiest things for you to do is to use a machine in one of the hotels near here.You can borrow someone’s passpor t and then do the conversion.So the machine doesn’t check my fingerprints or anything like thatNo, sir. But there is a limit as to how much you can change at one time. You also have to pay a higher fee.Thanks for your help.You’re welcome, sir.。

懂你英语L4U2

The nervous system includes the brain,spinal cord and nerves. This is your body's control system. It controls your muscles and organs, including your circulatory and digestive system. (The nervous system regulates your heartbeat and digestion.)
This particular chain of events happened over a period of months and years. When the asteroid hit the Earth, it caused a huge cloud of dust to enter the atmosphere. This cloud of dust blocked the sun and darkened the Earth for many months. Without enough sunlight, plants and plant-eating animals quickly died. With the deaths of so many plants and animals, the food chain collapsed. This led to the deaths of many more species.
The immune system protects the body against infections and diseases. Sneezing and fever are examples of how the immune system works. If an infection invades the body, the immune system attacks it.

懂你商务英语L3-U2

L3-U2-1/11Vocabulary 1How to Answer a CallA1.Effective customer service calls are important for increasing customer satisfaction.2. When customers have a positive experience, they are more likely to become loyal customers.4. When answering a customer call, begin with a greeting and identify yourself.5. Here are some polite ways to answer a call.6. Good morning! This is Linda from CC furniture.7. How may I help you?8. Hello, Thank you for calling CC Furniture. My name is Linda.9. What can I do for you?B1. After finding out what the customer needs, you can ask for their order information.2. This usually includes the customer’s name, order number, or address.3. For example.4. May I have your name and order number, please?5. Could you please repeat your account number?C1. Sometimes customers call to complain about a product or service.2. Let the customer know that you understand their feelings and experiences.3. For example,4. I am very sorry to hear that.5. We are appreciate your understanding.6. Let me try to resolve this problem for you.D1. In some situations , you may need to put a customer on hold.2. Remember to tell the customer why they are being put on hold.3. For example.4. I am going to contact our carrier.5. Please wait a few minutes while I put you on hold.E1. It is important to ensure that the customer is satisfied.2. Before ending your call, ask if there is anything else you can do to help.3. Show them your willingness to assist and wish them a good day.4. For example.5. Is there anything else I can help you with today?6. Thank you for calling. Have a great day.7. In conclusion, the key to an excellent customer service call is treating customers in a polite and helpful way.练1. They are more likely to become loyal customers.2. You can provide more efficient service.3. Begin with a greeting and identify yourself.4. They may think you don’t want to help them.5. The key to an excellent customer service call is treating customers in a polite and helpful way.6. It’s polite to wish the customer a good day.7. They might think they are being passed around because nobody wants to handle their problem.8. Here are some steps to answer a customer service call successfully.9. Name your company or department and say who’s speaking.10. Then offer to help the customer in a friendly tone to make a good first impression.11. This may include the customer’s name, order number, or account number.12. They can improve customer satisfaction.13. It allows you to understand their problem more clearly and provide more efficient service.14. Then explain how you are going to fix the problem.In some situations, you may need to transfer a customer call to another department.15. Remember to tell the customer why they are being transferred.16. Otherwise, they may think you don’t want to handle their problem.L3-U2-1/11Vocabulary 2How to Behave on a CallA1. respectful.2. To be respectful means to show politeness or care for others.3. You can be respectful in a business phone call by using polite language.4. For example.5. May I put you on hold?6. I’m sorry to keep you waiting.7. He’s away from his desk. May I have him return your call?8. Don’t use expressions such as: “He’s not here. Call back later.”‘or’“I don’t know where he is.”B1. Punctual.2. To be punctual means to do something on time.3. If you have scheduled a phone call at two, you need to make that call punctually.4. If you call too early or too late, it may seem that you don’t value someone’s time.5. Concise.6. To be concise means to provide information clearly and briefly.7. People may get impatient if you talk for too long.8. To be concise, you should focus on the main purpose of the call.C1. Positive2. To be positive means to try to improve a situation or offer help rather than doing nothing.3. Using positive language is important when answering customers’ questions.4. For example, instead of saying “I don’t know” you can say “Let me find that out for you right now.”D1. Explicit2. To be explicit means to tell someone something in a clear and direct way.3. When asking for something on the phone, be explicit so the other person knows exactly what you want.4. For example, you can say, “The reason I’m calling is …”练1. Set an alarm on your phone.2. When answer a customer’s questions, use positive language.3. If you provide useful information to a customer, you are being informative.4. When making a request on the phone, be explicit so the other person knows exactly what to do.5. When you have a call scheduled, you can set an alarm on your phone to notify you in advance.6. If you call too early or too late, you run the risk of making a negative impression.7. He’s not here. Call back later.8. If you have scheduled a phone call at two, you need to make that call punctually.9. Let me find that out for you right now.10. To be explicit means to say or explain something in a clear and direct way.11. When making a request on the phone, be explicit, so the other person knows exactly what you want.12. Giving informative answers helps clarify problems.13. You can gather information before making a business phone call.L3-U2-1/11Vocabulary 3How to Host a CallA1. A conference call is a telephone call that involves three or more people.2. It allows people in different locations to hold a meeting.3. Begin the call by greeting everyone and introducing yourself.4. Mention your company name and job title if necessary.5. If the participants don’t know each other, you should introduce them.6. Good morning and thank you for attending this meeting.7. I’m James, the sales director of CC Furniture.8. I’m calling in with my assistants, Alicia and Ben.9. We also have Eddie and Julia calling in from New York.B1. Next, explain the purpose of the call.2. Mention the topics you will discuss and any goals you want to accomplish.3. Here’s the agenda for today’s meeting.4. We are going to address the following issues.C1. Your meeting will be more focused if you make a schedule beforehand.2. You should plan the agenda, as well as the order in which everyone speaks.3. This prevents participants from talking over each other during the meeting.D1. As the host of a conference call, you are responsible for making sure it runs smoothly.2. If the meeting goes off topic, you need to bring it back on track.3. This is really interesting.4. But can I suggest we get back to the topic at hand?5. Let’s discuss the marketing plan before moving on to the next topic.E1. At the end of the call, summarize the main points of the meeting.2. If there are any tasks that need to be done, make a list of them.3. After the meeting, you can send this information to all participants.4. This keeps everyone on the same page.5. In short, we reviewed our KPIs from last quarter and made plans for next quarter.6. Please review today’s meeting minute attached in the email.7. Please hand in your report by Friday.8. Don’t forget to thank everyone for their time.9. Thank you all for your participation.10. Thank you for attending the meeting.练：1. You can also improve the efficiency by making a schedule beforehand.2. This involves planning the order in which each person is going to speak.3. It also prevents participants from talking over each other.4. During the call, you are responsible for overseeing the conversation and making sure it goes smoothly.5. If the conversation goes off topic, try to bring it back on track.6. At the end of the call, summarize the main points of the discussion.7. Remember to list the tasks that need to be finished.8. You may send this information to everyone after the call to remind them.9. And don’t forget to thank everyone for their time.10. A telephone call with three or more people.11. Conference calls allow people in different locations to hold a meeting.12. A clear purpose can keep participants on the same page.13. List the tasks that need to be finished.14. If you are hosting a conference call, begin by greeting everyone and introducing yourself.15. Give the name of your company and your job title if necessary.16. Then introduce the participants if they are not familiar with each other.17. Next, briefly tell everyone the purpose of the call.18. Explain the topics you want to discuss and the goal you want to accomplish.19. It can keep participants on the same page.L3-U2-1/11 Vocabulary 4Hosting to Schedule a CallA1. Here is how you can set up a meeting over the phone.2. Tell the recipient what the meeting is about and who will attend it.3. You should also mention how long the meeting will last.4. The meeting will be about our sales target in Q4.5. We’d like to set sales objectives.6. All members of sales department are required to attend.7. The meeting will probably last for an hour.B1. Before you call, check your calendar.2. Suggest a possible meeting time according to your schedule.3. If you are calling a potential customer, it’s better to offer more options.4. Could we have the meeting on Thursday afternoon or Friday morning?5. I will be busy on Thursday, but Friday morning works for me.6. Would Tuesday at four or Wednesday at three work for you?7. Wednesday at three would be great.C1. At the end of the call, confirm the purpose, time, and location of the meeting.2. If the other person will travel to the meeting, give them your office address and phone number.3. To confirm, we’re meeting at nine a.m. on Friday to discuss our sales objectives.4. Our office is on the 42nd floor of the Smith Building on 259 Green Street.C1. It’s good to be flexible.2. If the other person isn’t available at the time you suggest, let them choose another time.3. I understand. What time works best for you?4. Is there a preferred time you’d like to meet?5. If you have trouble finding us, please call me at 553-1317.练1. Setting appointments over the phone is an important skill in the workplace.2. Making an appointment can be complicated if two people are very busy.3. It is necessary to find a time that is convenient for both parties.4. Tell the recipient what the meeting is about and who will attend.5. Explain what you want to discuss and what you want to accomplish.6. You can also mention how long the appointment is expected to last.7. If the other person isn’t available at these times, you can let them choose another time.8. It’s good to be flexible.9. Be willing to have the appointment at a time convenient for them.10. Before ending the call, confirm all the details of the appointment.11. This includes the purpose, the time and the location of the appointment.12. You may also offer extra information like directions and your contact information.13. Before you call, you should check your calendar.14. Let them choose another time.15. Confirm the details of the appointment.16. If you are calling a potential customer to schedule a meeting it’s better to offer more meeting times.17. What time works best for you?L3-U2-1/11 DialogueA business Phone callA1. Hello, thank you for calling Grant Manufacturing.2. This is Annie Lu speaking.3. How can I help you?4. Hi, This is Peter Jones, from J.Hill.5. Could I speak with your manager, Grace Wang, please?6. Sure, let me put you through.7. I’m sorry.8. She’s not available right now.9. Can I take a message?10. Sure, there was a problem with this week clothing should mental.11. You sent us the wrong suits.12. Oh, I’m sorry to hear that.13. I’ll have her call you back as soon as she’s available.14. Thank you.15. Please do, it’s quite urgent.B1. Could I have your phone number, please?2. The area code for the US is 001.3. And my number is 489-783-9542.4. And how is your name spelled?5. My first name is Peter, P-E-T-E-R.6. And my last name is Jones, J-O-N-E-S7.Ok, let me see if I have it right.8. So that’s Peter Jones.9. And your phone number is 001- 489-783-9542.10. Is that correct?11. Yes, thanks a lot.12. You’re very welcome.C1. Hello, this is Peter Jones speaking.2. Hi, Peter, this is Grace.3. I’m sorry, I just miss your call.4. Don’t worry about that.5. And thanks for calling back so quickly.6. It’s rather urgent.7. Yes, Annie informed me that the wrong shoes were sent to you.8. That’s correct.9. We ordered a shipment of Teccos, but we received the Keatons instead.10. We need Teccos as soon as possible for our Christmas sale.D1. Understood.2. If we send them tomorrow, they’ll arrive on Wednesday morning your time.3. Is that ok?4. No, I’m afraid that’s too late.5. we need them by Tuesday afternoon.6. I’m sorry, but there are no more shipments going out today.7. Ok, ship tomorrow, and use the express shipping8. Yes, we’ll do everything to help you get the shoes by Tuesday afternoon.9. Thank you Grace.10. But I don’t expect this to happen again.11. No, it won’t.12. Again, I’m terribly sorry about this.13. Thank you for your understanding.练：1. Could I speak with your manager?2. To make sure the information is right.3. The secretary takes a message for her manager because she’s unavailable.4. She repeats Mr. Jones’ name and phone number to make sure the information is right.5. J. Hill needs Tecco shoes as soon as possible.6. There is a Christmas sale soon.7. He needs the shoes by Tuesday afternoon.8. He thanks the manager for calling him back so quickly.9. He is a little angry about the mistake.10. He needs the shipment as soon as possible because there is Christmas sale soon.11. She thanks the caller and offers help.12. He needs to discuss a shipping problem.13. She make sure the information is right.14. He lives in a different country.15. Mr. Johns needs to talk to the manager about a shipping problem.16. The secretary makes sure the information is right before ending the call.17. She returned his call quickly.18. She apologizes for missing Mr. John’s call.19. He requests express service because his company needs the shoes by Tuesday afternoon.L3-U2-3/11 Vocabulary 1Order ActionsA1. To place an order.2. You place an order to order something.3. Customers can place orders to businesses.4. When placing an order, a customer should make their needs clear.5. He made a mistake with his order, so it was shipped to the wrong place.B1. to process an order.2. To process an order means to collect, pack, and label the items in it.3. An order is usually processed by a business’ distribution center.4. After being processed, the order will be shipped out.5. Today, many distribution centers use robots to process most orders.C1. to ship an order.2. To ship an order means to send it to a customer.3. The time it takes for an order to arrive can depend on the shipping method.4. To get the materials as soon as possible, we paid for priority shipping.D1. to track an order.2. To track an order means to follow its progress.3. By tracking an order, a customer can find out where it is and when it will arrive.4. You can track an order with an order number.5. To track your order, input the order number here.E1. to cancel an order.2. To cancel an order means to stop it from being delivered.3. An order usually can be canceled before being shipped.4. If it takes too long to process an order, the customer may choose to cancel it.5. The order didn’t ship after three weeks, so we canceled it.F1. to return an order.2. To return an order means to send it back.3. When you return an order, you can get a refund or exchange it.4. They returned the printer because it was the wrong model.5. The office couch they ordered was too large, so they returned it for a smaller one.练1. The time an order takes to arrive can depend on the shipping method.2. A good process makes a workflow as efficient as possible.L3-U2-3/11 Vocabulary 2Communication ActionsA1. To promise2. To promise something means to guarantee it will happen.3. You should keep your promises to earn people’s trust.4. Domino’s promises to deliver pizzas within 30 minutes.5. They promised to have everything ready this month.B1. to request2. To request something means to ask for it formally or politely.3. Customers can request detailed product information from sellers.4. Employees may need to request the access to important company data.5. He requested to transfer to the sales team.C1. to confirm.2. To confirm means to make sure something is certain.3. By confirming something, you can avoid misunderstandings about it.4. When taking an order, you need to make sure every detail has been confirmed.5. Let me confirm your order information.6. We should not make assumptions. Let’s confirm what he meant.D1. To clarify.2. To clarify means to make something clear.3. Clarifying a complex situation helps people understand it.4. When you are unsure of something, ask someone to clarify it.5. She clarified the policy changes for her team.6. I don’t quite understand the new workflow. Could you please clarify it?E1. To inform2. To inform someone means to tell them about something.3. Keeping your co-workers in formed is important for good communication.4. The marketing team informed the legal department about the campaign.5. Thank you for keeping me informed.6. No problem! We should all stay on the same page.练1. If you tell someone that you will do something, you are making a promise.2. When you ask for something formally, you are requesting it.3. A project manager should clarify the project’s goals to keep the team focused and on track.4. Keeping your promises to people helps earn their trust.L3-U2-3/11 Vocabulary 3the Supply ChainA1. Manufacturer.2. A manufacturer produces goods in a large quantity.3. It allows businesses to save money by not running their own factories.4. Usually, manufacturers sell their goods to distributors or other manufacturers.5. For example, a tire manufacturer could make tires for car factories, or sell them to a tire distributor.B1. Distributor.2. A distributor distributes goods to a network of businesses.3. It usually sells goods to retailers.4. For example, a food distributor will buy goods from a manufacturer and sellthem to supermarkets.C1. Supplier.2. A supplier provides products or services to other businesses.3. A manufacturer usually relies on many different suppliers.4. For example, Toyota has hundreds of component suppliers around the world.D1. Carrier.2. A carrier transports goods from one place to another.3. Carriers allow businesses to move a large number of goods quickly and safely.4. Carriers can also help retailers deliver shipments.E1. Retailer.2. A retailer sells goods directly to consumers.3. Retailers allow consumers to buy their products online or in stores.4. Examples of retailers include supermarkets, department stores, and bookstores.练1. It produces goods in a large quantity.2. It sells goods to retails.3. In some situations, you may need to put a customer on hold.4. Businesses need carriers to transport goods.5. A tire manufacturer could make tires for car factories, or sell them to a tire distributor.L3-U2-3/11 Vocabulary 4the Elements of an OrderA1. Order number.2. An order number is given to an order once the order has been placed.3. You can use an order number to track your order.4. Hello, I’d like to know the current status of my order.5. Sure, May I have your order number, please?B1. Order quantity2. The order quantity is the amount of items in an order.3. How much an order costs to ship can depend on its quantity.4. But if a company places a large order, it may receive a discount.5. This can help reduce the total cost.C1. Shipping type2. The shipping type is the method of shipment used for an order.3. In addition to order quantity, shipping type can also influence shipping costs.4. For example, overnight shipping is much more expensive than regular shipping.5. Can you send it by express shipping(快递)?6. Sure, that will add 20 dollars to your total cost.D1. Delivery date.2. A delivery date is the date when a customer will receive an order.3. It is based on the processing time and shipping speed of an order.4. Customers can sometimes arrange a specific date with sellers.5. For example, you can request to receive office supplies on a working day.6. He changed the delivery date because he would be away for two weeks.E1. Cost of an order.2. The cost of an order includes the cost of the products as well as the shipping fee.3. Many online retailers now offer free shipping.4. But a product with free shipping may cost more.5. So customers need to be careful when estimating the total cost of an order.练1. Quantity is the number or amount of something.2. Customers need to be careful when estimating the total cost of an order.L3-U2-3/11 DialogueTaking an OrderA1. Hi, this is Joan Harris from Olsen Chair Design.2. How can I help you today?3. Hi, I’d like to place an order for one of your chairs.4. Certainly, have you ordered from us before?5. I have. A year ago.B1. Ok, great.2. So, which model of chair are you interested in ordering?3. The Comfort Plus model.4. Ok, and how many would you like to order?5. 65 chairs.6. Do you have that many available?7. It won’t be a problem.8. The Comfort Plus is one of our most popular models.9. We always keep a large supply in our warehouse.C1. Greats, could I get an estimate before I place the order?2. Certainly, I can send you one through email before the end of the day.3. Just to confirm packaging and shipping costs are including the estimate, right?4. Yes, the estimate includes the cost of the order plus the cost for packaging and shipping and insurance.5. Ok, after you send it can you also call me to confirm.6. All right, I will call you as soon as I send the estimate.7. Great, thanks so much for your help, Joan.8. You’re welcome.D1. Hi, this is Joan Harris from Olsen Chair Design.2. Hi, Joan.3. I’m calling to confirm the estimate for your order.4. It’s going to be $3575(three thousand five hundred and seventy-five dollars).5. If you want shipping insurance that would be in additional $35(thirty-five dollars).6. If shipping insurance really necessary?7. I think so. You may lose a lot of money if you order gets damaged or lost.8. But if you get insurance, you can get your money back when there are any problems.E1. Ok, I’ll pay for insurance.2. So, then your total costs will be $3610 (three thousand six hundred and ten dollars.3. What’s you preferred method of payment?4. I’ll do a bank transfer.5. I already have your account information from the last time we ordered from you.6. Great, once we received your payment, your order should ship within 48 hours.7. It will probably arrive at your office in about seven business days.8. Great, thanks so much, goodbye.9. You’re welcome, bye.练1. He wants to place an order.2. It’s one of their most popular models.3. an estimate of the cost.4. To confirm the estimate for his order.5. He can get his money back if there are any problems.6. After they receive his bank transfer.7. It’s one of their most popular models, so they always keep a large supply in their warebouse.L3-U2-5/11 Vocabulary 1How to Write an EmailA1. Here are some ways to write clear and professional emails.2. Make sure your email subject is clear and direct.3. The subject line can determine whether your email is opened or not.4. So it should include the most important information in the email.5. Let’s say you are writing an email about a meeting on Friday.6. In the subject line, you should write “Friday’s meeting” rather than “Hey” or “Want to check in.”.B1. When writing the body of your email, keep it brief.2. Avoid discussing several subjects or writing too much.3. If you have to discuss several things, mention them in the subject line or beginning of your email.4. For example, you could write, “Re: Q1 budget proposal; tomorrow’s meeting.”5. You may also want to list them with bullet points.C1. Before sending an email, it’s a good idea to proofread it.2. This means to check it for errors.3. Programs or widgets can help you check for spelling and grammar mistakes.4. But these can sometimes miss things.5. So always check an email yourself before sending it.D1. Remember to mention when you have attached a file in your email.2. If you don’t, your recipients may be confused about why you attached it.3. And they may even forget to open it.4. For example, you can write, “I have attached our latest earnings report. Please read it before our next meeting.”E1. Before sending the email, make sure the email addresses are written correctly.2. You can CC additional people who need to know about the email.3. Or you could BCC people.4. If you BCC someone, they won’t know who else is receiving the email.练1. You can proofread it.2. Make sure your email subject is clear and direct.3. I have attached our latest earnings report. Please read it before our next meeting.4. If you attach files to an email, let the recipients know what is attached and why.5. You can attach files to the email.L3-U2-5/11 Vocabulary 2Email EtiquetteA1. The body of an email is the main part of it.2. When you write a business email, make sure the body is professional.3. This gives the recipient a good impression of you and your company.4. Always begin your email with a greeting.5. If your relationship with the recipient is formal, use “Dear” followed by their title and last name.6. For example, “Dear Mr. Woods” or “Dear Professor Brown.”7. If you are on a first-name basis with the recipient, you may simply say “Hi” and their first name.8. For example, you can greet your colleague with “Hi, Michael.”B1. Introduce yourself in the first paragraph if necessary.2. Then, state the purpose of the email before moving into the main text.3. For example.4. As the head of the sales team at CC furniture, I’d like to discuss some of the details about your order.C1. The language in your email should be polite.2. For example, if you are sending a late reply, you may write, “Sorry for the delay in response.”3. If someone responds to you quickly, you can write, “I really appreciate your timely reply.”D1. If your email is long, use short paragraphs to break it up.2. And clearly state the main point of each paragraph at the beginning.3. This will make your email easier to read.4. You may even want to highlight your main points in bold(大胆的，更粗的，更醒目的).E1. At the end of the email, explain what you would like the recipient to do next, if anything.2. If you are expecting a response, you can write “I look forward to hearing from you” or “Looking forward to your reply.”3. The last step is to include an appropriate closing with your name.4. You can close the email with sign-offs(署名、落款) such as “Sincerely” or “Best regards.”练1. State the purpose of the email before moving into the main text.。

懂你英语Level4 Unit 2讲课教案

懂你英语L e v e l4U n i t2L4 Unit 2-1Listening物种、环境The earth was born about 4.6 million years ago. The first life appeared about a billion years later. The first plant didn’t appear until around 2 billion years ago. Until around 580 million years ago, life formedweresmall and microscopic (微笑的 ). Since that time, lives has evolved to many different types and species. However, scientists estimate that more than 99% of them are now extinct.They have been several extinction events in the history of the earth. In the extinction event, many life forms or species of life die out. The causes of the massive extinction events are unsoughtmystery. These events are not predictable and can happen at any time. Scientists think that some of that started by asteroid pass or volcano corruption. Events like this, can change the global conditions that life depends on.One major extinction event, happened about 66 million years ago. That event may have been started by a large asteroid that hit the earth. As a result, the dinosaurs and about half of the all species on the planet, died out. When the asteroid hit the earth, it started a chain of events. A chain of event is a series of events linked together, like a chain.These particular chain of events happened over a period of months and years. When the asteroid hit the earth, it caused huge cloud of dust to enter the atmosphere. This cloud of dust blocked the sun and darken the earth for a period of months. Without enoughsunlight, plants and plant-eating animals, quickly died. With the deaths of so many plants and animals, the food chain collapsed . This led to the deaths of many more species.Mass extinction events had played important part in the evolution of life. In fact, some extinction events had helped to accelerate evolution. For example, some mammals lived to the age of dinosaurs, but they couldn’t compete. When the dinosaurs were removed, the mammals were able to compete more successfully. Once they could compete, mammal evolved to a higher state. Without the extinction e vent, perhaps we wouldn’t be here today.Scientist estimate that there have been at least 5 massive extinctions in the pass 540 million years. They also believed that we had entered a new extinction event. Species are becoming extinct at a much faster rate than before. Instead of the asteroid and volcano corruptions, the current event is the result of human activities. Human activities, for example, had led to global warming.Global warming is the result of an increase in carbon gases in our atmosphere. These gases trap heat from the sun, so the earth is getting warmer. As a result, sea levels are rising and weather patterns are changing. In addition, we humans are destroying habitats of many plants and animals. Cutting down forest and polluting rivers destroys the habitats of many forms of life.There is no longer any doubt that this is happening. Specials of lives are disappearing at an increasing rate. Global temperatures are rising and weather patterns are changing. Scientists are warning us that fast action is necessary to save our future. If we don’t act, we may go the way of the dinosaurs.L4 Unit 2-1 vocabulary身体系统、产业、技术The body circulatory system includes the heart and blood vessels. The heart pumps the bloods to all parts of body through a network of arteries and vein.The digestive system breaks down and absorbs food into the body. It supplies the energy that the body need s for growth and repair. After digestion, excess food is turned into waste and eliminated from the body.The nervous system includes the brain, spinal cordand nerves. This is your control system. It controls your muscles and organs included your circulatory system and digestive system.The respiratory system includes your nose and lungs. It brings air and oxygen into your body and remove the carbon dioxide from the body. The lungs are where oxygen enters the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is removed.Immune system protects body against the infections and diseases. Sneezing and fever are examples of how the immune systems works. If the infection invades the body and the immune system attacks it.The control use of fire allowed people to cook food and survive in the colder climates. Fire provided the light so that people could work and socialize for longer hours.With the invention of agriculture, people can grow food and settle into communities. By growing food, people can spend less time hunting and more time on other things, such as art.The domestication of animals allows people to raise and use animals for food and work. By raise herds of animals, such as sheep, people have regular supply of meat and clothing. The strength of animals such as horses and oxen was used for work and transportation.The development of tools and machines has resulted in a more fashion manufacturing and construction. With better tools and machines, works can be done with fewer people and much lower cost.The development of science and engineering has improved many thing including communications. With understanding of electricity, telephone and radios allow people to communicate over long distances.The use of machines has reduced the number of people needed to make things.L4 Unit 2-1 dialogue谈论手机和老板Itook a vacation last night.What are you talking about. Where did you take the vacation.I d idn’t go anywhere. i just left with my smartphone.How was it.It was great. I got a real magazine and read it with no interpretation . It was very peaceful. Yes, I haven’t done that for a long time.You know what, I begin to hate smartphone.Really, but y ou can’t live without one, right.Yes, that’s the problem.This change the way people live.Yes, I just so on documentary about that. A husband was complaining his wife that she was spending too much time on her smartphone.What happened, did they get divorced.You guess it. In the end, they got divorced.It is a bit ironic , don’t you think. Smartphones were supposed to bring people together but they are pulling people apart.Yes, you are right.Hey, just a minute, I’ve a message on smartphone and it can’t wait.Hey, wake up and get back to work.What’s wrong with you.I ’m on my break sir and I had a bad headache.Well, you’re not paying you to sleep.If you’re going to sleep, sleep some places else.Yes, sir, it won’t happen again.You had better not.Jus t a minute. Don’t tell me like that.What did you say.You hurt me, you don’t have to treat people like that.Well, if you don’t like it, I suggest you leave.Ok, I will. I pet enough of you. I will get a job somewhere else.L4 Unit 2-2 Listening概率、角度This man is holding a piece of food in this hand. The piece of food is either an orange or an apple. What can’t see which it’s because we can see inside the box. The probability that it is an orange is equal to the probability that it is an apple. It may be an apple or it may be an orange. It’s going to be one or the other. It can’t be anything else.Now let’s look at it from the man’s point of view. From his point of view, the probability is different. From his point of view, the possibility that he has an orange is 100% or 0%. That’s because he knows what he has. For hi m, that is not uncertainty. If he has an orange, the probability is 100%. If he doesn’t have an orange, the probability is 0%. He either has it or he doesn’t.From our point of view, the probability that he has an orange is 50%. From his point of view, the probability that he has an orange is 100% or 0%. So the probability depends on the point of view.People see things from different points of view. This often leads to arguments between the people. Here are some examples. From his man’s point of view, he is relaxing. He needs to relax because he has been working too hard. He hasn’t been getting sleep. His wife see things differently. She isn’t aware of how hard he has been working. From her point of view, he is doing nothing. However, she knows what needs to be done around the house. It isn’t fair that she has to work while he does nothing. When people see things from different points of view, they often come to different conclusion. This differences can cause real communication problems.L4 Unit 2-2 vocabulary自然灾害、宗教Earthquakes are caused by forces deep within the earth. When the earth shakes, buildings can collapse and people can be buried inside.An explosion is a rapid, violent release of energy. Explosions can be caused by chemical reaction, such as inside the engine. A spark can ignite a mixture of gases and release energy for good anddestructive purposes.Accidents are often caused by people doing foolish things or by not being careful. One major cause of accident is driving too fast. Accidentswith fire can be very serious, and can result in very painful injuries.Epidemics are the rapid spread of a disease, such as the flu and Ebola. Throughout history, epidemics have killed millions of people. Storms are caused by changes in atmosphere, and result in high winds and heavy rains. Thunderstorms are caused by electric charges in the atmosphere, that produce lightening, which can cause forest fire. Some storms cause flooding, and major damage to homes and cities.Followers of thelslam religions are called Muslims. These Muslims are prayer inside the Moses. Muslims are called to prayer 5 times a day, beginning just before sunrise.Christianityis based on the teaching of Jesus crisis, who lived more than 2000 years ago. Christian believe that Jesus is the son of god. Christians are often gathering in churchesor cathedralsto worship.Followers of Judaism are called Jews. These Jews are meeting inside the synagogue , which is a place of worship and study. Judaism was founded over 35 hundreds years ago, in the middle east. Judaism is based on the teaching of Moses, whom they believe it’s the most important prophet.Buddhism began in India and is based on the teachings of Buddha. The religionis about 25 hundred years old. Some Buddhists practice a form of meditation in which they empty their mind of any thoughts.Hinduism is the world’s third most popular religion and is the main religion of India. Hinduism has no founder and is a mixture of many briefs. Some Hindus believe in a circle of birth, life, death and rebirth.L4 Unit 2-2 dialogue谈论失踪客机Do you have any more information about the location of the missing aircraft?Not, we don’t. the only information we had was it disappeared.What about the last communication with the aircraft.The last communication was about 15 minutes before it just disappeared.Was there anything usual in the communication.Not, there was anything usual. Nothing pointed it any kind of problem.Anyway we are confident that we will find it.It’s a large aircraft so that it shouldn’t be difficult to find it.How much countries are helping with the search.Right now, we have search team from 3 countries starting to search.It ’s a big area to search, so can you giv e an estimate about how long it will take.Yes, it’s a big area so it might take a long time. But we won’t give up. We will search it till we find it.Have they found the wreckage yet.What are you talking about.You know, the airplane that disappeared last year.Oh, yes, now I know what you are referring to. Yes, they’ve found some piece of it.What about the black boxes.No, they still haven’t found the black boxes.It hard to believe that they still don’t know what happened.Perhaps they’ll never know, especially if they still don’t find the black boxes.Whatever happened to it, there is not good reason why a modern airline is allowed to disappear.I agree with you.L4 Unit 2-3 Listening监狱Alcatraz is a small island in San Francisco bay, 1.5 miles from San Francisco. From Alcatraz, you can see the Golden Gate Bridge. A is also famous and is now a major tourist attraction. Tourists can reach the island by boat from the city. Alcatraz has often appeared in movies including escape from Alcatraz, w hich was made in 1979. One reason it’s famous is because it used to be a prison, a very special prison. It was designed for prisoner who was causing trouble for another prisoner, such as trying to escape. It was a maximum security, so escape was almost impossible. The water around it was cold and only very strong prisoners can escape from island to San Francisco.The first group of prisoners arrived in 1934. There were 173 prisoners, including bank robbers and murderers. They came by train from the other prison in the state of Kansas. During that trip, there was heavy security. The prisoners were under guard and handcuffed. Nobody wanted them to escape. The prison was designed to hold up to 336 prisoners. However, the average population was only about 270. Although there wasnotorious inmate such as Al Copen, most of the inmates are no one known.Many were trying to escape from island or were considered to violence. If a man didn’t behave at other prison, he could be sent to Alcatraz. At Alcatraz, there wasjust one prison in each prison cell.Prison life in Alcatraz was highly structured and boring. It was designed for prisoners to follow rules. They had 4 rights, food, clothing, shelter and medical care. Everything else was privilege that had to be earned. Privileges included working, visits from familymembers and access to prison library. There were also activities such as painting and music. Once they showed that he could follow the rules, he could be transferred back to another prison to finish his sentence.Alcatrazwas used as a prison for 29 years. During that time, no prisoner escaped successfully. There were 14 escape attempts, involving in 36 prisoners. 23 were caught alive and 3 were shot and killed. 2 men tries to escape twice. 2 were drought and 2 released as missing and resume drought. The most violent escape attempt occurred on May 2, 1946 when 6 prisoners tried to escape. That events are called the battle of Alcatraz.While in use, Alcatraz has some of the most notorious criminals the history, such as Al Capone. Al Capone was a crime boss, who built his career in Chicago. The prison was finished close in 1963. It was closed because it was too expensive to operate.Inmate n.居民 ; 同居者 ; (监狱里的)犯人L4 Unit 2-3 vocabulary 统计图表、法律A bar graph uses rectangle bars in different length to show and compare data. The lengths of a bar are proportional to values they represents. The bar can be vertical, up and down or horizontal.A circle graph, often called a pie graph, it shapes like a circle. It is divided into segments that looks like piece of a pie. Percentages are often used to compare segments which are ordered from biggest to smallest.Line graph are used to show the relationship between two valuables, such as time and distance. These valuables are plotted to 2 axis, the X axis and the Y axis. The X axis often shows time, while the Y axis shows how quantities such as distance, temperature, pro change with times.A flowchart is a type of graph that shows how process and project flows from the start to finish . A flow chart consists of start points, inputs, outputs and decision point.An organizational chart or org chart show the structure of a company. It shows how people and departments within the company are connected. It defines the roles and responsibility of a people or departments within a company.Laws are rules that people are supposed to follow. A system of laws governs the peoplewithin the countries. Criminals are people who break the law. People who commit a crime are called criminals. Some criminals are very dangerous and need to be put in jail. A jail or prison are place where criminals were locked behind bars, sometimes for many years. Prison is designed to keep criminals away from other people.A courthouse is where someone charge with committing a crime goes on a trial. In court, evidence is present to show guilty or innocent of a person on trial.When someone break the laws, they may be arrested by the police. To arrest someone means to take and hold them until they go on trial.L4 Unit 2-3 dialogue谈论汇兑May I help you sir.I’d like to change some US dollars to Japanese yen please.Yes, certainly sir, how about would you like to change.I’d like to change 500 dollars.May I see your passport please.I don’t have it with me but I do have my driver’s license, would that be ok.No, sorry sir. I need to see your passport. It’s the law.Look, I’m not asking for a loan. I just want to convert into yen. Why do I need my passport. I understand your frustration sir, but that’s the law. I cannot do s omething that is illegal. Ok, do you have any suggestions.Sure, the easiest things for you to do it is to use the machine in one of the hotels near here. You can borrow someone’s passport and then do the conversion.So the machine doesn’t check the finger prints or something like that.No, sir. But that’s a limit as to how much you can change at one time. You also have to pay a high fee.Thanks for your help.You ’re welcome sir.L4 Unit 2-3 Listening 人物Al Capone was one of the most famous criminals in American history. He came from an immigrant family. His parents came from Italy and his father was a barber. As a boy, he belonged to a street game. He quit school after finishing the 6th grade. As he built his career as a crime boss in Chicago. He became boss at 26 when previous boss was nearly killed. He crime organization made a lot of money, more than 100 million dollars a year. Most of the money came from illegal activities, especially from the sale of illegal liquor . This organization was also involved in gambling and prostitution.Capone was aflashy dresser who enjoys being famous. He protected himself by bribing police and public officials. Though he was involved in the deaths of many, he was never converted of a serious crime. When he was finally arrested, it was for minor crime. In 1929, he and his body guard were arrested by carrying deadly weapons. For that, he was sent to a year in prison. Capone was released in 9 months for good behaviors.In 1930, Capone was public enemy number 1 in Chicago. A year later he was arrested for failures to pay taxes. The government had finally found a way to catch him. After a trial, he was found guilty and sentenced to 11 years’ prison. He spent the first two years of the sentence at the prison in Atlanta J. then he was sent to Alcatraz, the country’s most famous prison.At Alcatraz, he was diagnosed with the disease that began to take over his brain. As aresult, he spent much of his time at prison hospital. By the time he was released from prison at 1939, he was no longer able to lead his personal organization. He died of stroke and pneumonia in 1947.L4 Unit 2-4 vocabulary财务和性格Income is money received from works or from investments. For company to survive, its income needs to be more than its expenses. People who earn good salaries can buy what they need to survive.A receipt is given to you after you had paid for something. A receipt is a proof that you have paid for something. A receipt shows that something has been paid for. After pay for something, be sure to get a receipt.An invoice is a request for payment. Invoice lists the princes and products being bought. To invoice someone means to givethem a bill for products and services. Once an invoice is paid, it can be used as a receipt.Taxes are what you paid to the government, for government’s services. Taxes pay for many services, such education, police and health care. An income tax is a tax on our income. In some countries, income taxes can be very high.Interest is what we pay to lenders when you borrow money. If someone lends you money, you pay interest for use of that money.Emotional people often show their feelings and have a bad temper. They made decision based on their feelings more than facts. Sometimes, these people make bad decisionbecause of their emotions.Leaders are people who take responsibility and are trusted by others. Good leaders make good decisions and get things done. In many situation, others look to them for leadership.Loyal people can be depended on to follow their leader. They will support and protect their leaders and friends. A strong team needs a good leader and loyal followers.Independent people can do things on their own. They often prefer working by themselves. Sometimes they had difficulty working in a group.Creative people come up with new ideas and ways of doing things. They often have a good imagination and can see things in different ways. Many artists and musicians are very creative.L4 Unit 2-3 dialogue谈论合同和设计方案Congratulation, Lisa.Congratulation’s for what.We just heard the news.What news? Don’t keep me in suspense.Quick service have accepted your video proposals .Oh, really, I just submitted it a week ago.Maybe so. But they like it so much that they made quick decision.You want you to get started on it as soon as possible.That’ s great news. But I’mstill working on other projects. They need to be finished first. Can’t you delay some of other projects.I’m not sure. How important is this project.They are putting a lot of pressure on this now, especially they * proposal. They really like it. It’s a very creative a representing that company. It had everybody laughing.Yes, that was the idea.It was fun to do and our whole team thought it was funny.Well, great job. I think it’s the best work your team have ever done.When can you get started on the project.Are they going to pay extra?In may proposal, I set the early start date would be one month after signing the contract. Was that in the proposal?Yes, it was. Have they signed the contract yet?Not, they have n’t. but I’m sure they will right away.They also need to make advance payment. That was in the proposal too. We can’ t stop everything else just because they are exited.Ok, I will get back to them and let them know.Yes, please do. I have been through these kind of things before.。

懂你商务英语L4-U2

L4-U2-1/11Vocabulary 1Before DevelopmentA1. developing a product can be challenging.2. It requires a practical idea, thorough(彻底的) analysis, and plenty of time and resources.3. Careful preparation(准备) is the first step to developing a product successfully.4. Generate ideas.5. Product development starts by generating ideas.6. This involves brainstorming possible new products and features.7. Good ideas come from knowledge of the consumer, the market, and current technology.B1. Conduct concept(概念) screening research.2. Next, select the best idea through concept screening research.3. Find out if the product would meet customers’ needs and identify the gaps in the market.4. You also need to determine how to position your product to give it an advantage.C1. Carry out(开展) competitive research.2. Then, carry out in-depth(深入的) competitive research.3. Identify and assess the strengths and weaknesses of competitors within your market.4. This allows you to develop different strategies to give your product a competitive advantage.D1. Carry out a risk assessment.2. As you conduct your research, you should do a risk assessment.3. Identify the potential risks and how they would impact your product.4. These include technical problems, financial risks and operational difficulties.E1. Plan actions.2. Finally, plan a path forward by determining your next course of action.3. Set parameters(参数) including budget, objectives and time frame.4. Once you are prepared, you can implement your plan.练1. Generating ideas for a product involves brainstorming possible new product and features.2. Concept screening requires you to find out if the product would meet customers’ needs and identify the gaps in the market.3. Conducting concept screening research helps to select the best idea.4. Concept screening requires you to identify the gaps in the market.5. You need to determine how you would position your product to give it an advantage.6. Identifying the strengths and weakness of competitors allows you to give your product a competitive advantage.7. Identifying the strengths and weaknesses of competitors allows you to develop strategies and give your product a competitive advantage.8. Examples of potential risks include technical problems, financial risks and operational difficulties.L4-U2-1/11Vocabulary 2Developing a ProductA1. Transforming ideas(转变观念) into sellable(适合出售) products is a challenge.2. Build the prototype(原型).3. Start by building a prototype of your product.4. A prototype is the first version o a product, and is used to develop its future forms.5. Building a prototype helps you estimate the development costs, time frame, and resources needed.B1. Test the prototype.2. Once a prototype has been built, it should be tested to evaluate the quality of its design.3. Feedback on its appearance, function and user friendliness can be collected from potential customers.C1. Improve the prototype.2. A prototype should be improved based on its feedback.3. Once its original issues have been fixed, another round of testing will be conducted.4. The testing will continue until the product is ready for the market.D1. Develop marketing strategies.2. When the product is ready, it will be made available for sale.3. A company will develop a strategy to build demand for its product.4. This may include a launch event, advertisements, and social media marketing.E1. Monitor the product.2. After the product is launched, a company monitors how the product performs in the market.3. Sales figures, profitability and customers’ feedback should be monitored.4. Furthermore, expect changes in the market and always be prepared to improve your product.练1. It helps you estimate the time and resources needed to create a product.2. Once a prototype has been built, it should be tested to evaluate the quality of its design.3. Develop a strategy that may include a launch event.4. After the product is launched, a company monitors the product’s performance.5. Expect changes in the market and always be prepared to improve your product.6. Sales figures, profitability and customers’ feedback should be monitored.L4-U2-1/11Vocabulary 3Product LifecycleA1. Product lifecycle.2. A product lifecycle is the four stages of a product’s life.3. Each stage has its own unique characteristics and challenges.4. The market introduction stage.5. The first stage is the market introduction stage.6. At this point, a new product has just been launched and its market share may be small.7. Businesses can invest in marketing and promotion to build demand(强制性要求).B1. The growth stage.2. Products that make it through the introduction stage reach the growth stage.3. In the growth stage, product sales grow as consumer demand increases.4. As a result, competition may increase as more businesses look to share the market.5. Companies often need to update their products to stay competitive.C1. The maturity stage.2. In the maturity stage, the market becomes crowded due to fewer new customers and stronger competition.3. As a result, sales growth peaks(山峰) and begins to slow down.4. At this point, a business may lower its prices or explore new markets to increase sales.D1. The decline stage.2. In the decline stage, product sales decrease as competition become stronger.3. Since the popularity of a product falls, making a profit becomes more difficult.4. As a result, a business may cut production costs or discontinue the product.练1. More competitors begin to market similar products.2. In the maturity stage, the market becomes crowded due to fewer new customers and stronger competition.3. Product sales peak and begin to slow down.4. There are fewer new clients and stronger competition.5. The product is less popular.6. In the decline stage, product sales decrease as competition becomes stronger.L4-U2-1/11Vocabulary 4Improving a ProductA1. Improving products allows businesses to stay competitive and increase their market share.2. Here is some advice for improving products successfully.3. Collect customer feedback.4. Customer feedback can be used to find out how to improve a product.5. It can be collected through customer questionnaires or interviews.6. Feedback can help measure customer satisfaction and discover problems.B1. Conduct a lost customer analysis.2. A lost customer analysis examines why customers have stopped buying a product.3. The results can be used to eliminate sources of customer dissatisfaction.4. For example, people may stop eating a certain brand of food because of negative publicity.C1. Carry out(实现) a cost-benefit(成本效益) analysis.2. A cost-benefit analysis compares the costs of a project against its potential benefits.3. Benefits may include increased revenue or faster production.4. If a project’s costs are higher than its benefits, it may not be worthwhile.D1. Run tests.2. Testing is a major step both in product design and improvement.3. Frequent tests determine whether a product is performing well.4. After a product has been developed, it will be tested to ensure its quality.练1. You can interview customers to collect their feedback.2. A product will be tested to ensure its quality.L4-U2-1/11DialogueA1. Hey, Heather, you wanted to see me?2. Hey, Jim, yeah, I did.3. I just got the user data from the latest testing version of Fitbot.4. I thought you would want to see it.5. Oh, definitely. Have you found anything interesting?6. Well, it seems the user engagement rate is not as high as we’d like it to be.7. Look over here.8. It’s been found that many users stop using our app after a couple of tries.B1. Hmm, so they don’t feel motivated to keep using it.2. Why do you think that might be?3. Well, according to the feedback our users like how our app tracks how far they have run.4. But they don’t think it’s a strong enough reason to keep on using it.5. I feel that the app doesn’t have enough functions to keep users engaged.C1. Do you have any ideas on how to go forward?2. We could improve how users track their progress.3. Rather than just listing the amount of time they run, we could let them set challenges.4. For example, users can set weekly or monthly fitness challenges.5. And we could try to quantify their progress by using progress bars.6. That way, they can use our app to realize their fitness goals, rather than only logging their results.D1. I like that idea.2. And we could allow users to share their progress on social media like Mechand.3. By share it online, they can get encouragement from their friends.4. Yeah, adding a social component is a great idea.5. Could you have a proposal made for me by Friday?6. I have a meeting with the CEO, and would like to share these ideas with him.7. Yes, I’ll get started on it today.8. Great, make sure to include a cost benefit analysis in your proposal.9. I’m going to get this approved. I’ll need to show that the return will be worth the investment.10. Sure think, we’ll do.练1. The user engagement rate of something shows how much users interact with it.2. It doesn’t have enough functions.3. Users like how the app tracks how far they run.4. It seems the user engagement rate is not as high as we’d like it to be.5. The data suggests that people are only using the app a few times before stopping.6. The app can be improved by allowing users to set fitness challenges.7. They would motivate users to realize their goals.8. Adding social-media sharing functions.9. To get the proposal approved, he needs to show the costs will be worth it.10. Realizing a goal is more motivating than logging results.11. The app could let users set fitness challenges to realize their fitness goals.L4-U2-3/11Vocabulary 1During an InterviewA1. Interviews are mean to find someone who is a good fit for a job.2. Here are some basic steps to follow when conducting an interview.3. Build rapport(融洽，亲善，和谐).4. Begin the interview by building rapport with the candidate.5. When a candidate is relaxed, they usually express themselves more honestly.6. A warm greeting and some small talk can make the candidate feel comfortable.7. For example, you can say “It’s a pleasure to meet you. How was your weekend?”B1. Observe non-verbal(非语言的) cues(提示).2. Observe the candidate’s body language and facial(面部的) expressions.3. Non-verbal cues may reveal how the candidate feels.4. For example, if a candidate blinks(眨眼睛) often, it may suggest they’re very nervous.C1. Leave time for questions.2. Near the end of the interview, leave time for the candidate to ask questions.3. For example, you can ask, “Do you have any questions for me?” or “Have you got any questions for us?”4. What the candidate asks can reveal how interested they are in the position.5. If they don’t have any questions, they may not be interested in the job.D1. Explain what to do next.2. At the end of the interview, explain the next steps in the hiring process.3. Let the candidate know when you will contact them again.4. For example, you can say, “Thank you for coming in. We will get back to you within two weeks.”5. Finally, thank them for their time and walk them to the door.练1. Building rapport with a candidate will help them feel less nervous.2. It makes them feel less nervous.3. Observe their body language and facial(面部的) expressions.4. Leave time for the candidate to ask questions.5. If a candidate doesn’t have any questions during the interview, they may not be interested in the company.6. We will get back to you within two weeks.”7. Thank them for their time and walk them to the door.L4-U2-3/11Vocabulary 2After an InterviewA1. Here are some tips for what to do after an interview.2. Assess(评定) the candidate.3. Assess whether the candidate meets the hiring criteria(标准criterion).4. You should consider their skills, experience, and attitude.5. If a candidate does not meet any of the criteria, they won’t make a good hire.6. Perform a background check.7. When considering a candidate, perform a background check on them.8. A background check examines a person’s professional and educational history.9. It confirms that they have provided accurate(准确性，精确性) information on their resume.B1. Make an offer.2. If a candidate meets the job’s requirements, you can make them an offer.3. A job offer is an invitation for a candidate to become an employee in a company.4. A formal job offer includes information about salary, benefits, and the starting date.5. Follow up on time.6. Follow up with candidates on time.7. If you take too long to contact a strong candidate, they may find another job.8. If you wait too long to reject a candidate, they may think you’re unprofessional.练1. A person’s professional and educational history.2. After an interview, you should assess whether the candidate meets the hiring criteria.3. You should follow up with candidates on time.L4-U2-3/11Vocabulary 3Soft SkillsA1. When evaluating a candidate, it’s important to consider their soft skills.2. These reflect how they approach their challenges, as well as how they interact with others.3. Here are some soft skills to look for.4. Problem-solving skills.5. Problem-solving skills involve identifying problems and developing solutions.6. To assess these skills, you can ask candidate about a challenge they overcame at a previous job.7. For example.8. What was the best idea you proposed at your last job?9. What has been your biggest achievement to date?B1. Communication skills2. Communication skills reflect how well you express yourself and interact with others.3. To assess these skills, you can watch how a candidate engages with you during an interview.4. Observe how they speak and how well they listen.C1. Teamwork skills.2. Employees with teamwork skills have a strong sense of group responsibility and collaborate well with others.3. To assess a candidate’s teamwork skills, you can ask questions like “What role have you played in your last team?”4. Or you can ask “Please describe a time you worked well as a team member.”D1. Creative thinking skills.2. Creativity is the ability to come up with new and original ideas.3. Employees with creative thinking skills can think outside the box and find unique solutions to problems.4. To know more about a candidate’s creative thinking skills, you can ask “What is the most creative idea you came up with at your last job?”5. Or you can ask, “Tell me about a problem you solved in an innovative way.”练1. Soft skills reflect how they approach their challenges, as well as how they interact with others.2. Watch how they engage with you.3. Communication skills reflect how well you express yourself.4. What role have you played in your last team?5. Employees who can work well in teams have a strong sense of groupresponsibility.L4-U2-3/11Vocabulary 4Interview TipsA1. Here are some tips for how to conduct a productive interview.2. Prepare.3. Prepare thoroughly(彻底的，完全地) before an interview.4. Review the candidate’s resume and cover letter to learn about their work history and experience.5. Prepare questions that relate to their resume and the position they are applying for.B1. Use similar questions to evaluate candidates.2. When interviewing different candidates, ask similar questions.3. This creates a standard to compare candidates against.4. If you ask each candidate different questions, it may be hard to assess their responses.C1. Take notes.2. Taking notes helps you remember the details of an interview.3. But taking notes can feel impersonal or even unfriendly.4. So when the interview begins, you should tell the candidate why you’re taking notes.5. Otherwise, they may feel nervous.6. Let the candidate speak.7. Do not dominate the interview.8. Candidates need an opportunity to present their qualifications and skills.9. Some experts say that the interviewer should speak 20% of the time or less.练1. Prepare questions for the candidate that relate both their resume and the position they are applying for.2. Prepare questions that relate to their resume3. You can compare their answers.4. By asking each candidate similar questions, it is easier to evaluate and compare their qualifications.5. Candidates won’t have the chance to speak.6. It will help them remember what was said.L4-U2-3/11DialogueInterviewing a candidateA1. Hi, Sarah, I’m Atom.2. I’m the marketing manager at greenly organic to rule.3. Hi, Aden, nice to meet you.4. Please, have a seat.5. So tell me a little bit about yourself.6. Yes, I graduated from college in May, where I majored in environmental science.7. I’m currently doing a summer internship at an organization called Heart Healthy Schools.8. They work with local farms to help arrange organic lunches for city schools.9. But my internship(实习) will end in two months, so I’m starting to look for full time jobs down.B1. So why are you interested in Greenly organic delivery?2. Well, I love Greenly is mission to work only with local organic farms, like AJ chess.3. Greenly is also a tech company with more opportunities in social media, which is what I want to do.4. I think Greenly offers more potential to grow.5. Thank you.6. But how do your experiences transform over to the position of social media market.7. It says here you update officially countsC1. Do you have any experience analyzing social media activity?2. Yes, I do.3. When I started college, I found it a Website blog called the student farmer.4. I’ve now grown my sight to around eight hundred daily visitors through social media.5. So I’ve familiar with both writing for an audience, and analyzing data to grow in audience.6. Very impressive.7. I can see that you are very proactive and driven person.8. But tell me, where do you think you need to improve?9. I think there’s a lot more I need to learn.10. Working the HHs has been a positive step forward.11. But most of my experience so far has come from personal projects.D1. Right, social media marketing and Greenly has more considerations than your say.2. Yes, that’s true, but at the same time, I am not afraid to learn.3. I’m open to challenges and I learn fast.4. Well, that’s very nice to hear.5. Before I bring on our HR manager, do you have any questions?6. What qualities are you looking for in candidates for this position?7. An understanding of analytics is a must, as are good writing skills.8. But we also need people who are driven in passionate, like you.9. Do you have any more questions?10. No, that’s all, thank you.11.Ok, it was great speaking with you Sarah.12. It was nice speaking with you too, Atom.13. Thank you.练1. It helps provide organic lunches for city schools.2. It works with local organic farms.3. It gives her more experience in a field she likes.4. How to build an audience through social media?5. She has now grown her site to around 800 daily visitors through social media.6. An understanding of analytics and a good attitude.7. Social media marketing at their company has more considerations than her site.8. She will have more considerations working on a large team.L4-U2-5/11Vocabulary 1Preparing for an EventA1. Attending networking events is a great way to help your career.2. It can help you find a job, meet business partners, or learn about industry trends.3. But if you want to get the most out of these events, you should prepare beforehand.4. Set a goal.5. Set a goal for what you aim to achieve at the event.6. It should be specific and reasonable.7. For example, your goal could be exchanging cards with five people.8. Having a clear goal will prevent you from wandering aimlessly(漫无目的地;无目9. Wear appropriate clothing.10. Wear appropriate clothing to the event.11. Most networking events require you to wear business casual clothing.12.The right clothes will give people a positive impression and make you feel more comfortable.B1. Bring business cards.2. Business cards are a branding tool and help people remember you.3. So bring professional and up-to-date business cards.4. Prepare conversation points.5. Prepare some key points about your business, as well as questions you want to ask people.6. You can also prepare a few icebreakers to start conversations.7. For example, you can ask general questions, such as how someone feels about the event.8. Hi, I’m not sure if we’ve met. I am Jeff from CC Furniture. How do you like the event?9. It has been great! I’m Linda, Head Designer of Nick Spade. Nice to meet you.练1. By setting a goal before a networking event, you can identify what outcome you want to achieve.2. Your goal could be exchanging cards with five people.3. By giving people your business card at a networking event, it can help them remember you.4. How should you prepare conversation points? Prepare some key points about your business.5. Business cars serve as a powerful branding tool and help people to rememberyou.6. Prepare some conversation starters before the event.7. You can ask general questions, such as how someone feels about the event.8. Giving people your business card can help them remember who you are.L4-U2-5/11Vocabulary 2How to behaveA1. Here are some tips on how to behave at a networking event.2. Give a concise self-introduction.3. When meeting new people, give a concise self-introduction.4. You should mention where you work and what you do.5. But don’t talk about yourself too much.6. What do you do, Jeff?7. I’m in charge of sales at CC Furniture.8. We provide one-stop service for customers who want home renovation(革新；恢复活力；翻新；修理).9. Show interest in other people.10. When talking to someone, show that you’re interested in what they’re saying.11. You can do this by maintaining eye contact and facing them directly.12. And you can ask questions that encourage them to talk about themselves.13. That sounds interesting. Could you tell me more about the project you just mentioned?14. Sure, we are seeking local partners right now, if you are interested.B1. Find things in common.2. When talking to people, look for shared interests, experiences or connections.3. Finding common interests sets a strong foundation for creating a business relationship.4. How did you hear about this event?5. The speaker, Jenny, invited me.6. Me too. Jenny and I used to work together.7. Reach out to your contacts.8. After an event, get in touch with your new contacts.9. Send an email or connect on social media.10. For example, you could write, “It was nice meeting you last night. You mentioned you were interested in our services. Please let me know if you need more information.”11. It’s best to contact people within 24 hours of meeting them.练1. Where you work, and what you do.2. In addition to speaking well, you should also focus on listening to other people.3. Could you tell me more about the project you just mentioned?4. When meeting new people, it’s important to give a concise self-introduction.5. You can contact them through email or social media.L4-U2-5/11Vocabulary 3Common MistakesA1. Here are some mistakes people make at networking events, and tips on how toavoid them.2. Don’t dominate the conversation.3. Networking is about developing mutually(互相的) beneficial relationships.4. So don’t talk about yourself all the time.5. By listening, you will not only gain more information about others but also make them feel valued.6. End conversations politely.7. If you end a conversation abruptly(突然地), people may think you’re rude.8. You can politely end a conversation by telling someone that it was nice to meet them.9. For example, “It was great talking to you, but I really need to say hello to a few other people. Talk to you soon.”B1. Don’t drink too much.2. Most networking events provide alcohol, but you should avoid drinking too much.3. It’s generally better to limit yourself to one or two drinks at the very most.4. Reach out to new people.5. It’s normal to feel nervous at networking events, but reach out to new people.6. When meeting someone new, you can appear confident with strong eye contact and a firm handshake.练1. Don’t talk about yourself all the time.2. You will appear more confident.3. Feeling a bit nervous at a networking event is normal, but try not to appear overly timid(胆怯的；羞怯的；易受惊的).4. You should avoid drinking too much.5. You should try to reach out to new people.L4-U2-5/11Vocabulary 4Networking TipsA1. Here are some tips to help you interact with people at networking events.2. Give a firm handshake.3. When you meet someone for the first time, give a firm handshake.4. Avoid gripping their hand too loosely or squeezing it too hard.5. Remember people’s name.6. It can be hard to remember the names of everyone you meet at a networking event.7. One way to do this is to repeat someone’s name after they tell it to you.8. And when you get their business card, you can write something on it to help you remember them.B1. Keep an open posture.2. Keep an open posture(姿势;仪态;体位;体态;方式;方法;态度;姿态) in order to appear friendly and approachable.3. This means you should keep your back straight and avoid crossing your arms.4. A closed posture can show shyness or unfriendliness.5. Be brief.6. It’s good to begin a conversation with small talk, but don’t take too long to get to the point7. People lose interest quickly, so be specific and avoid giving too many details.8. Maintain your social media profile.9. Your social media profile is an essential networking tool.10. Like your business card, it shows your personal brand.11. After an event, people may look at your social media profile to learn about your professional skills and experiences.12. So make sure that it is updated and reflects the best side of yourself.练1. You should shake it firmly.2. Remembering people’s names shows your interest in them.3. when you get their business card, you can write something on it to help you remember them.4. People may think you don’t want talk to them.5. Make sure that your social media profile is updated and reflects the best side of yourself.6. A closed posture can show shyness or unfriendliness.7. Your social media profile is an essential networking tool.8. Like your business card, your social media profile shows your personal brand.L4-U2-5/11DialogueAdvice on NetworkingA1. Hey, Crise.2. How was your networking tonight?3. Not so good.4. How did your sales conference go?5. Pretty great.6. I meet around twenty really cool people, including the head of sales at this company called BlackSun Software.7. And now I’m following through with a few thank you e-mails.8. Wow, you like a networking ninja(忍者).9. I wish I could have done half as well as you.10. I gave out my business cards and told people what I do.11. But no one seemed very interested.B1. It sounds like you spent the whole time focusing on yourself.2. I thought that’s what I was supposed to do at a networking event.3. Having people get to know me.4. No way.5. Networking is about building relationships with people.6. You’re right.7. But how do you engage with people?8. Every time I tried to start a conversation; it didn’t go anywhere.9. I think you need to prepare a short introduction and some conversation starters.10. That way, you can focus more on listening than thinking of what to say.C1. I see what you’re saying.2. I should jump into the conversation quickly it starts asking questions.。

懂你英语Level4Unit1Part4

懂你英语Level4Unit1Part4L4-U1-P4 英语流利说4-1-4 懂你英语Level4 Unit1 Part4L4-U1-P4-1 Listening : Quick Serve 2.0Quick serve is a successful home repair company.It provides quick reliable repair services to homes.It was established 5 years ago and has been expanding rapidly.In the last two years, it has opened offices in three new cities. When was the company established? -It was established 5 years ago. In the last two years, it has opened offices in three new cities. Because of its rapid growth, it has to hire many new employees.In the last 6 months, it has hired 50 new employees.The total number of employees in the company is now over 500. And the number of customers has increased to more than 5000. How many people has the company hired in the past six months?-In the last 6 months, it has hired 50 new employees.How many customers does the company have? - The number of customers has increased to more than 5000.In the last two years, it has opened offices in three new cities.It was established 5 years ago and has been expanding rapidly. The number of customers has increased to more than 5000.The company has also improved its business model.Instead of offering only repair services, it can now help customers upgrade their appliances.Quick Serve does this by giving a choice.Customers can choose to repair an appliance or upgrade it by buying a new one.If they choose to buy a new one, they will get a discountedprice.So a customer can either repair a broken refrigerator for a small fee or buy a new one.If they choose to buy a new one, they will get a discounted price.So a customer can either repair a broken refrigerator for a small fee or buy a new one.If they buy a new one, they will get a discounted price, along with free installation.This is possible because several appliance manufacturers have agreed to give Quick Serve big discounts.Quick Serve then installs the new appliance and removes the old one. Feedback from customers has been positive.Who have agreed to give Quick Serve big discounts?-Several appliance manufacturers have agreed to give Quick Serve big discounts.Quick Serve then installs the new appliance and removes the old one.A high percentage of customers have taken advantage of this new service.As a result, Quick Serve has developed a great reputation.Its dedication to high quality service has proven to be successful.Its word-of-mouth approach to advertising has been cost effective. The appliance manufactures have also been happy with the results. Their growing relationship with Quick Serve has helped to increase their sales.What is the company dedicated to providing? -Its dedication to high quality service has proven to be successful.Quick Serve’s approach to business is proving to besuccessful.If they choose to buy a new one, they will get a discounted price. As a result, Quick Serve has developed a great reputation.Its dedication to high quality service has proven to be successful. So a customer can either repair a broken refrigerator for a small fee or buy a new one.L4-U1-P4-2 Listening : The World's PopulationThe world's population is growing.There are now over 7 billion people in the world.During the 20th century, the population grew from 1.65 billion to 6 billion.It's now growing at a rate of around 1.1 percent per year.That means an increase about 80 million per year.By 2024(two thousand twenty-four), the population is expected to be around 8 billion people.How fast is the world's population growing?- It's now growing at a rate of around 1.1 percent per year.The growth rate used to be higher.In the late 1960s (nineteen sixty s), the rate of growth was about 2%. Since then, the growth rate has declined.It is estimated that the growth rate will be less than 1% by 2020 (two thousand twenty).By the year 2050, the growth rate should be even less.What has happened to the growth rate?- It has declined since the late 1960s.Even with a declining growth rate, the population will continue to grow.But it will grow at a slower rate.In the past 50 years, the world's population has more than doubled. It has doubled from around 3 billion in 1960 to morethan 7 billion in 2011.Even with a declining growth rate, the population will continue to grow.The rate of growth varies by country.The growth rate in India is more than twice that of China.And the growth rate in Nigeria, which is in Africa, is more than twice India's growth rate.Russia, on the other hand, has had a negative growth rate in some years.When a country has a negative growth rate, its population is decreasing.When a country has a negative growth rate, its population is decreasing.The rate of growth varies by country.Since then, the growth rate has declined.It's now growing at a rate of around 1.1 percent per year.Even with a declining growth rate, the population will continue to grow.The growth rate in India is more than twice that of China.L4-U1-P4-3 Vocabulary : Contemporary PeopleCo-founder of Apple, Steve Jobs was a major figure in the computer industry.He was self-centered and difficult to work for, but he led the development of many great products.He died of cancer when he was just 56 years old.Jack Ma, is one of the richest and most famous men in China.He comes from a poor family and failed his college entrance exams twice.Despite his many failures, he has built one of the world's largest Internet companies.David Beckham is one of the world's richest and most famous athletes.He started playing professional football when he was just 17.Much of his success as an athlete is because he practiced harder than many other players.As a young girl in Pakistan, Malaya became famous for her writings on women's education.In 2012, She was shot in the head and nearly killed.She survived the injury and became the world's most famous teenager.Born in 1942, Stephen Hawking was one of the world's most famous scientists.When he was 23, he was diagnosed with ALS, a rare disease of the nerves.Because of his disease, he was unable to walk and talk.Who won the Nobel Peace Prize? -She has won many prizes, including the Nobel Peace Prize.Who has built a large Internet companies? - Despite his many failures, he has built one of the world's largest Internet companies.Who is one of the world's richest and most famous athletes? -David Beckham is one of the world's richest and most famous athletes.Who died of cancer? - He died of cancer when he was just 56 years old.Who has made important scientific discoveries?- Despite his condition, he has made important discoveries about the creation of the universe.He died of cancer when he was just 56 years old.Much of his success as an athlete is because he practicedharder than many other players.Despite his condition, he has made important discoveries aboutthe creation of the universe.Because of his disease, he was unable to walk and talk.He started playing professional football when he was just 17.Co-founder of Apple, Steve Jobs was a major figure in the computer industry.Much of his success as an athlete is because he practiced harder than many other players.L4-U1-P4-3 Vocabulary : Personality TypesShy people are usually quiet and uncomfortable around other people.They generally dislike going to social events such as parties.It's often difficult to make friends with a shy person because they won't open up.Outgoing people enjoy being with others and are comfortable in social situations.They are friendly and pleasant to be with, though sometimes they can't be trusted.Self-centered people like to be the center of attention.They like people to look at them, and pay attention to them.Self-centered people often talk too much, and don't listen enough.Selfish and greedy people don't share things with others.They keep things for themselves and always want more.People who are responsible and trustworthy are important in almost any situation.They can be depended on to get things done.These people can be trusted.What type of people are often uncomfortable in social situations? -Shy people are usually quiet and uncomfortable around other people.Who enjoys being the center of attention?- Self-centered people like to be the center of attention.What type of people are comfortable in social situations? - Outgoing people enjoy being with others and are comfortable in social situations.Who doesn't share things with others?- Selfish and greedy people don't share things with others.Who can be depended on?- They can be depended on to get things done.They generally dislike going to social events such as parties.Outgoing people often have many friends and can be quite popular.Greedy people want more than their share andcan cause many problems for others.Self-centered people like to be the center of attention.Selfish and greedy people don't share things with others.Shy people are usually quiet and uncomfortable around other people.People who are responsible and trustworthy are important in almost any situation.L4-U1-P4-5 Dialogue : Relationship Advice(M: Steven's friend S: Steven)M: Hey, Steven, you know I’m your friend, right?S: Sure, I know that. What are you trying to say?M: I’m sorry to say this. But I think you’re making a fool of yourself.S: How am I making a fool of myself?M: Your girlfriend is taking advantage of you.S: Taking advantage of me?M: Yes, I think so. She's just using you.To make a fool of someone means to make them look stupid.S: So, maybe she is. But I don’t mind. Even if she is using me, it’s OK. I’m using her too.M: What do you mean? Aren’t you in love with her?S: Yes, I’m in love with her. But that doesn’t mean I’m not usi ng her too.Steven doesn’t mind if his girlfriend is using him.M: I don’t understand. What do you mean?S: Maybe I’m using her because I enjoy being in love. I can’t imagine life without her. Even if she hurts me sometimes, I love her.What can't he imagine? -He can’t imagine life without her.M: Do you trust her?S: Yes, I trust her. She tells me what’s important to her. She’s honest with me. She has never l ied to me about anything important.To trust someone means ...you can believe what they say or promise to do.M: Are you honest with her?S: Yes, we are honest with each other, even when it hurts. And because we’re honest with each other, we trust each oth er.M: OK, so you don’t think you’re being taken advantage of.S: No, I don’t, as long as she is honest with me. The day she isn’t honest with me will be the end of our relationship. And when that happens, my heart will break. But until then, I’m her man.Why do they trust each other? -They trust each other because they’re honest with each other.M: OK, I think I understand. I didn’t think you knew what was going on.S: I’m not as stupid as I look, my friend. Being in love with her makes my life exiting.M: Well, I hope you’re right.What makes his life exiting? - Being in love with her makes his life exiting.Your girlfriend is taking advantage of you.I can’t imagine life without her.What are you trying to say?I’m sorry to say this. But I think you’re ma king a fool of yourself.They trust each other because they are honest with each other.。

懂你英语Level-4

L4 Unit 1-1Listening 旅游Christina is on a two-weeks vacation. This is the first vacation she has had for a long time. The last vacation she took was more than 2 years ago. Now she is visiting a friend in San Francisco. Her friend and her husband are living near the center of the city. He works for a start-up company in Silicon Valley. While he is working, she works part-time at a department store.Christiana hasn’t seen her friend for a long time. The last time they saw each other was 3 years ago. At that time, they were both working at a department store. Then Christina quit her job and started her own business. She designs women’s clothing. She has 2 employees now and her company is slowly growing.Christina has come to San Francisco by herself. Her husband didn’t come because he has to work. He tried to start a company 2 years ago, but it didn’t work out. His company failed after only a few months. So now he’s working at another company and saving money. Once he saves enough money, he plans to start another company. He doesn’t want to give up.This is the second time Christina has been to San Francisco. The first time was when she was a high school student. That was more than 10 years ago. During that trip she was only in San Francisco for a few days. After that she went to Los Angles and New York. This time she and her friend plan to relax and have fun.Christina arrived two days ago, the day before yesterday. Her friend met her at the airport and drove her to her apartment. Her apartment is just north of the airport, about 20 minutes from San Francisco. It’s a small apartment, but it’s on a hill and it has a great view. Yesterday, they went downtown and rode the cable cars. Christina was surprised by how steep the hills are. Then they walked along the ocean and ate lunch at the seafood restaurant. From the restaurant, they could see the Golden Gate bridge.Tomorrow they’re planning to drive to Yosemite National Park. By car it’s about 4 hours away. Christina has never been there before, so she is excited. She has heard that the park is very beautiful. Her friend has been to Yosemite several times. She says it’s one of the most beautiful places in the world. Christina just hopes that her friend is a good driver.L4 Unit 1-1 vocabulary 伤病和地貌地形Headache can be very painful and can last for a long time. If you have headache your head hurts.A headache can be caused by an injury to the head.A sprained ankle can be so painful that you can’t walk. Someone with a sprained ankle may need to use to crutches to walk.If you have a sore throat, it may be painful to swallow. A sore throat can be caused by viruses or bacteria.A burn is an injury to the skin cause by fire or heat. If you get too close to a fire, you will be burned.An earache is a sharp, dull or burning pain in the ear. Common causes of an earache include an infection, a changing air pressure or water in the ear.Mountains are landforms higher than 2000 feet or about 600 meters above sea level. Hills are like mountain, but not as tall. Mountains are formed by the forces deep within the earth and are made of many types of rocksRivers are stream of water that usually begin at mountains and flow into the sea. Many early cities were built alongside rivers.Most of the world’s water is in the ocean, which are the large bodies of salt water. The oceans are also an important source of oxygen.The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest ocean, covering more area than all the continents put together.Deserts are areas of land that receive little or no rainfall. The amount of rainfall in some deserts is so low that only a few plants can survive.Desert temperatures can range from cold at night to very hot during the daytime, often above 120 degrees F.A valley is low, relatively flat area between hills and mountains, often with the river running through it. Some valleys are formed by flowing river and others are formed by glaciers.L4 Unit 1-1 dialogue 谈论吃饭和预约M: Have you eaten yet.F: Not, I haven’t and I’m hungry.M: Me too. Let’s go out for dinner.F: Where toM: What about joe’s Italian.F: How many times have you eaten there.M: I eat there a lot. It’s one of my favorite places.F: I went there two weeks ago and the service was terrible.M: Really, then let’s go some places else. What do you suggest?F: How about the royal Indian. It’s not far from here.M: I’ve never heard of it. Is it good?F: Yes, I have been there several times and I’ve never been disappointed.M: Ok, let’s try it. I’ve never eaten Indian food for a long time.F: You won’t be disappointed and the prices are reasonable.M: Ah, so you mean I’m going to pay.F: Well, that would certainly be nice.M: What about reservations.F: If you get there early enough, we won’t need them.M: I hope you’re right.F: Don’t worry, if we have to wait, I‘ll pay the bill.L4 Unit 1-2 Listening 旅游2Today, Christina and her friend are enjoying themselves. This morning they got up very early and drove out of San Francisco. They crossed the Bay Bridge before the early morning commute and drove south. Because it was so early, there were almost not cars.After driving an hour and a half, they stopped to had breakfast. They ordered pancakes and coffee. They also had some fresh fruits. When they finished eating, it was 7 o’clock. Then they got back into the car and drove south. Christina wanted to listen to music, so they turned on the radio. An hour later they stopped for gas. They noticed that there was also a charging station for electric cars.It’s now 1:15 and they are in Yosemite Park. They have been there for two hours, since 11:15. They are looking at the Yosemite falls, which is the highest waterfall in the park. The water drops a total of 740 meters from the top of upper fall to the base of the lower fall.In another 15 minutes they plan to eat lunch at a magnificent old hotel in the park. It was built in 1927 and has a great view. They wanted to stay there, but they couldn’t get reservation. To get a room at that hotel you usually need to make reservations several months in advance.They plan to stay in the park until around 4 o’clock. By then they will have been in the park for nearly 5 hours. Then they’ll get back into the car and drive back to San Francisco. They plan to eat dinner somewhere along the way. If the traffic isn’t too bad, they should be back in San Francisco by 10 o’clock.Early tomorrow morning they are going to cross the Golden Gate Bridge and go north along the coast. From some places, you can look out on the ocean and see whales and other sea life. Christina has never seen a whale before, so she’s looking forward to it. And tomorrow night they have something special planned. They are going to watch a baseball game. Christina has never seen a baseball game, but she has heard that it is very popular in the US. And the San Francisco baseball team is one of the best.L4 Unit 1-2 vocabulary 力学、几何A force is a push or a pull on the object. A force changes the motion of a moving object.A force can be strong or weak and it always has a direction.The earth is a planet that goes around the sun in the circular orbit. The speed of its motion doesn’t change and the direction of its motion does. The earth has a layer of gas above its surface, which helps to support life.Atoms are the building blocks of matter. At the center of an atom is its nucleus, which has a positive electric charge. Outside the nucleus are electrons, which have a negative charge.Asteroids(小行星) and comics are object that orbits（轨道）our sun, but are smaller than planets. Asteroid that pass close to the earth are called the near-earth objects. The layer of gases, just above the earth surface, is our atmosphere. The atmosphere is made up of gases, such as oxygen and nitrogen. Without an atmosphere, there would be not life on earth.The two lines on the left intersect（横断）each other at a right angle which is 90 degrees. The 2 lines on the right are parallel, which means they never cross.The adjacent sides of rectangle are perpendicular, which means they meet at a 90-degree angle. The opposite sides of the rectangle are equal a parallel, which means they never cross. The area of a rectangle is the length times the width.A circle is the 2 dimensional（尺寸的）figures with radius（半径）and circumference which is the distance around the circle. The area of the circle is π R square, where r is the radius and Pi is the ratio of the circle’s circumference to its diameter.A sphere is a 3 dimensional figure with the a ratio and volume, which is the three-fourth πR cube（立方体）. All points on the surface of the sphere are equidistant（等距离的）from its center.A rectriangle is a 2 dimensional figure with 3 sides, 2 of which are perpendicular. To find its area, multiply the length of the 2 perpendicular（垂直的）sides, A andB and divided by 2, A equates （相等）one half A B.The electric force between the nucleus and the electrons holds the atom together.A force can increase or decrease the speed of an object, and it can change the direction of motion.L4 Unit 1-2 dialogueM：Have you finished eating yet.F：Not, I haven’t.Why are you in such a hurry.M：I’m sorry, but you are such a slow eater.F：A slow eater? Well I try to enjoy my food. You just eat and swallow. I don’t see how you can even taste it.M：Ok, I’m sorry. Do you mind if I get another glass of wine.F：No, go ahead. I don’t want you to sit there putting pressure on me. I thought we were going to have a relaxing evening.M：Yes, you are right. I’d like to relax, but I had a lot on my mind.F：What created?M：Yes. it is. I’ve been getting some strange emails from my boss. He wants me to cut down on my expenses. Maybe he wants to fire me.F：Is business bad?M：Yes, it is. But I don’t want to talk about it.F：Ok, but I’m a good listener. You can tell me if you’d like to.M：Thanks, maybe some other time. I’ll try to start thinking about it and deal with it tomorrow. F：Good idea. You need to take a break from work. Your health is important and so am I.M：Yes, you are. I don’t know what I would do without you.L4 Unit 1-3 listening 旅游3Harry is an American businessman. His job requires him to do a lot of travelling. He takes 9 or 10 trips a year. In the past six months he has made five trips. Three were to Asia and two were to Europe. The purpose of these trips is to attend meetings and make presentations.Harry loves to travel and he has traveled to many countries. Most of his trips are for one or two weeks. His first international trip was 15 years ago when he was 20 years old. He really wanted to see Asia, so he and a friend flew to Tokyo, Japan.From Tokyo, they traveled around Japan for 2 weeks. The people they met very nice, but most of them didn’t speak English. Harry tried to speak a little Japanese, but it was difficult. He didn’t do very well. When he spoke to people, most of them just looked at him. They didn’t understand what he was trying to say.From Japan they went to Korea for a week, and then they went to China. In China they visited the Great Wall in Beijing. He stayed in Beijing for a few days and then they boarded a train for shanghai. It was an overnight train with sleeping cars.During the journey, they enjoyed looking out of the window at the countryside. The view from the train was wonderful. Harry will never forget watching the sun go down in the evening. It was a beautiful sunset.The journey to shanghai took many hours, but it was an unforgettable experience. On the train, he met a Chinese Professor who spoke English. He was middle-aged man whose hair was turning grey. He told them about how things were changing in China. It was wonderful to watch him as he was speaking. His eyes were full of energy and excitement.They only stayed in shanghai for a couple of days. Then they returned to the US and went back to school. They had one more year to finish their studies.Harry’s next new trips were to different parts of the world. He went to Europe twice, each time to different countries. On one trip he travel through the UK and France. On the next trip he went Italy and Greece.After the Europe he traveled to Mexico and South America. In south America he went to Argentina and Brazil. He enjoyed watching some great soccer matches.Then he decided to go back to Asia. But this time, he went to Southeast Asia. He visited Vietnam, Thailand and Singapore. Each country had a charm of its own.After this travel, harry decided to make travel part of his career. He didn’t want to work only in the US. He didn’t want work only with Americans. He wanted to experience other countries and other cultures. His dream was to work for an international company.Five years ago his dream came true. Now he’s working for a German hi-tech company. As part of his job, he has to travel a lot. As a result, he has been to many cities and counties. And he has met many interesting people.L4 Unit 1-3 vocabulary 牙齿、人体器官cavity n.腔，洞;蛀牙，龋洞A dental cavity is a hole in the tooth. A cavity is caused by bacteria in the mouth. Brushing your teeth frequently and regularly can help prevent cavities.cracked adj.有裂缝的;声音沙哑的;精神失常的v.破裂;崩溃(crack的过去分词);发沙哑声A cracked tooth can be caused by biting down on some hard. Dentists the treat cracked tooth by covering it with a crown(牙冠).A dental X-ray is a picture of your teeth and gums. An X-ray shows what can’t be seen on the surface of teeth and gums.Braces are used by dentists to straighten teeth over a period of years. Those braces are usually for children, they can also be used for adults with crooked teeth.To extract a tooth means to remove it from the mouth. Dentists have to pull hard to extract a tooth.The heart pumps blood to all parts of bodies through a system of arteries and vein. It’s located in the chest, between the lungs and it beats about once per second.Artery n.[解剖]动脉;干线，要道toxin n.毒素;毒质The kidneys remove waste and toxins from the blood. They are been shaped organ and about 10 cm long, and 6 cm wide.The lungs exchange oxygen from the air with CO2 from the blood. They expand when inhaling air and contract when exhaling air.Inhale vt.& vi.吸气;吸入;〈非〉狼吞虎咽Exhale vt.发散出;放出，放射;使蒸发;[医]渗出vi.呼气;发散;放出The stomach is below the heart and is part of the digestive system. It uses acids to digest food before passing it to the small intestine.Small intestine n.小肠The bladder is a balloon-shaped organ that collects urine from the kidneys. In an audit, the bladder can hold about half a liter of urine.urine n.尿;小便;下泉 a liter of 公升L4 Unit 1-3 dialogue 谈论贿赂P: Good evening, sir. You were driving too fast.M: Really. Was i.P: Yes, you were going well above the speed limit.M: I’m sorry, officer.P: Ok, I need to see your driver’s license.M: Here’s my driver’s license.P: Your license is expired. Are you aware of that?M: No, sir. That’s a surprise. I didn’t know.P: It expired more than a year ago.P: Is this your car.M: No, sir, it’s a friend’s. I’m borrowing it for the night.P: Get out of the car and put your hands behind your back.M: Why officer? what have I done?P: Just do as I say.M: Ok officer, I’m cooperating. Please don’t push me.P: Get your hands behind your back.M: Ok, ok!P: I’m not asking you. I’m ordering you.M: Please officer. I haven’t done anything wrong.P: Stay still and don’t say anything. This is a stolen car, are you aware of that.M: Are you going to arrest me.P: What do you think? That’s what we do with car thieves.M: If you let me go. I will give you a couple of thousand dollars. I haven’t hurt anybody. P: So now you’re trying to bribe me. How stupid can you be.M: I just don’t want to go back to jail. Give me a break.P: Sure, you are a nice guy. I’d like to give you a break. But that’s nothing I can do. M: Please officer.P: Ok, where is the money. Let me see it and I will think about it.L4 Unit 1-4 listening 家政服务Quick service is a successful home repair company. It provides quick, reliable repair services to homes. It was established 5 years ago and has been expanding rapidly. In the last 2 years, it has opened offices in 3 new cities.Because of its rapid growth, it has to hire many new employees. In the last 6 months, it has hired 50 new employees. The total number of the employees in the company is now over 500. And the number of the customers has increased to more than 5000.The company has also improved its business model. Instead of offering only repair services, it can now help customers upgrade their appliances. Quick Service does this by one. If they choose to buy a new one, they will get a discounted price. So a customer can either repair a broken refrigerator for a small fee or buy a new one.If they buy a new one, they will get a discounted price, along with free installation. This is possible because several appliance manufactures have agreed to give QuickService big discounts. QuickService then installs the new appliance and remove the old one. Feedback from customers has been positive.A high percentage of customers have taken advantages of this new service. As a result, QuickService has developed a great reputation. Its dedication to the high quality service has proven to be successful. Its word-of-mouth approach to advertising has been cost effective. The appliance manufactures have also been happy with the results. Their growing relationship with QuickService has helped increase their sales.The world’s population is growing. There are now over 7 billion people in the world. During the 20th century, the population grew from 1.65 billion to 6 billion. It’s now going at a rate of around 1.1% per year. That means an increase is about 80 million per year. By 2024 the population is expected to be around 8 billion people.The growth rate used to be higher. In the late 1960s, the rate of growth was about 2%. Since then the growth rate has declined. It is estimated that the growth rate will be even less than 1% by 2020. By the year 2050 the growth rate should be even less.Even with a declining growth rate, the population will continue to grow. But it will grow at a slower rate. In the past 50 years, the world’s population has more than doubled. It has doubled from around 3 billion in 1960 to more than 7 billion in 2011.The rate of growth varies by country. The growth rate in India is more than twice that of china. And the growth rate in Nigeria, which is Africa, is more than twice than India’s growth rate. Russia, one the other hand, has had a negative growth rate in some years. When the country has a negative growth rate, its population is decreasing.L4 Unit 1-4 vocabulary 名人和性格Co-founder of Apple, this entrepreneur was a major figure in the computer industry. He was self-center and difficult to work for, but he led the development of many great products. He died of cancer when he was just 56 years old.Jack Ma is one of the richest and most famous men in china. He comes from a poor family and failed his college entrance exam twice. Despite of many failures, he has built one of the world’s largest internet companies.David Beckham is one of world’s richest and famous athletes. He stared playing professional football when he was just 17. Much of his successful at an athlete, is because he practice hard than many other players.As a young girl in Pakistan, Malala became famous for her writing some women education. In 2012, she was shot in the head and nearly killed. She survived the injury and became the world’s most famous teenager.Born in 1942, Stephen Hocking is one of the world’s most famous scientists. When he was 23, he was diagnosed with AIS, a rare disease of the nerves. Because of his disease, he is unable to walk and talk.Shy people are usually quiet and uncomfortable around other people. They generally dislike going to social events such as party. It’s often difficult to make friend with shy person because they won’t open up.Outgoing people are enjoying being with other people and are comfortable in social situations. They are friendly and pleasant to be with, though sometime they can be trusted.Self-centered people like to be the center of attention. They like people to look at them and pay attention to them. Self-centered people often talk too much and don’t listen enough.Selfish and greedy people don’t share things with others. They keep things for themselves and always want more.People who are responsible and trust-worthy, are important in almost any situation. They can be depended on to get things done. These people can be trusted.Some people really dislike being around self-centered people.L4 Unit 1-4 dialogue 女朋友M1：Hey, steven, you know I’m your friend, right.M2：Sure, I know that. What are you trying to say.M1：I’m sorry to say this. But I think you’re making a fool of yourselves.M2：How am i make a fool of myselfM1：You girlfriend are taking advantage of you.M2：Taking advantaging of me?M1：Yes, I think so. She just using you.M2：So, maybe she is. But I don’t mind. Even if she is using me, it’s ok. I’m using her too.M1：What do you mean. Aren’t you in love with her?M2：Yes, I’m in love with her. But that doesn’t mean that I’m not using her too.M1：I don’t understand. What do you mean.M2：Maybe I’m using her because I enjoy being in love. I can’t imagine life without her. Even if she hurts me sometimes, I love her.M1：Do you trust her.M2：Yes, I trust. She tells me what’s important to her. She’s honest with me. She is never lied to me about anything important.M1：Are you honest with her?M2：Yes, we are honest with each other, even when it hurts. And because we’re honest with each other, we trust each other.M1：Ok, so you don’t think you’re being taken advantage of.M2：No, I don’t, as long as she is honest with me. The day she isn’t honest with me, will be the end of our relationship. And when that happens, my heart will break. But until then, I’m her man.M1：Ok, I think I understand. I didn’t think you knew what was going on.M2：I’m as stupid as my look, my friend. Being in love with her, makes my life exiting.M1：Well, I hope you’re right.L4 Unit 2-1 Listening 物种、环境The earth was formed about 4.6 million years ago. The first life appeared about a billion years later. The first plants didn’t appear until around 2 billion years ago. Until around 580 million years ago, life forms were small and microscopic(微观). Since that time, live has evolved into many different types, or species. However, scientists estimate that more than 99% of them are now extinct.There have been several extinction events in the history of the Earth. In an extinction event many life forms, or species of life, die out. The causes of the mass extinction events are unsolved mysteries. These events are not predictable and can happen at any time. Scientists think that some of them were started by asteroid impacts or volcanic eruptions. Events like these can change the global conditions that life depends on.One major extinction event happened about 66 million years ago. That event may have been started by a large asteroid that hit the Earth. As a result, the dinosaurs and about half of all species on the planet died out. When the asteroid hit the earth, it started a chain of events. A chain of events is a series of events linked together, like a chain.This particular chain of events happened over a period of months and years. When the asteroid hit the earth, it caused a huge cloud of dust to enter the atmosphere. This cloud of dust blocked the sun and darkened the Earth for many months. Without enough sunlight, plants and plant-eating animals quickly died. With the deaths of so many plants and animals, the food chain collapsed. This led to the deaths of many more species.Mass extinction events have played an important part in the evolution of life. In fact, some extinction events have helped to accelerate evolution. For example, some mammals lived through the age of dinosaurs, but they couldn’t compete. When the dinosaurs were removed, the mammals were able to compete more successfully. Once they could compete, mammals evolved to a higher state. Without the extinction events, perhaps we wouldn’t be here today.Scientists estimate that there have been at least 5 mass extinctions in the last 540 million years. They also believe that we have entered a new extinction event. Species are becoming extinct at a much faster rate than before. Instead of asteroids or volcanic eruptions, the current event is the result of human activities. Human activities, for example, have led to global warming.Global warming is the result of an increase in carbon gases in our atmosphere. These gases trap heat from the sun, so the Earth is getting warmer. As a result, sea levels are rising and weather patterns are changing. In addition, we humans are destroying the habitats of many plants and animals. Cutting down forests and polluting rivers destroys the habitats of many forms of life.There is no longer any doubt that this is happening. Specials of live are disappearing atan increasing rate. Global temperatures are rising and weather patterns are changing. Scientists are warning us that fast action is necessary to save our future. If we d on’t act, we may go the way of the dinosaurs.L4 Unit 2-1 vocabulary 身体系统、产业、技术The body circulatory system includes the heart and blood vessels. The heart pumps blood to all parts of body through a network of arteries（动脉）and veins.The digestive system breaks down and absorbs food into the body. It supplies the energy that the body need s for growth and repair. After digestion, excess food is turned into waste and eliminated from the body.The nervous system includes the brain, spinal cord and nerves. This is your bodies control system. It controls your muscles and organs included your circulatory and digestive system.The nervous system regulates your heartbeat and digestion.It brings air and oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide. The lungs are where oxygen enters the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is removed.The immune system protects the body against infections and diseases. Sneezing and fever are examples of how the immune system works. If an infection invades the body and the immune system attacks it.The control use of fire allowed people to cook food and survive in the colder climates. Fire provided the light so that people could work and socialize for longer hours.With the invention of agriculture, people can grow food and settle into communities. By growing food, people could spend less time hunting and more time for other things, such as art.With the development of agriculture, people had more time for other activities.The domestication of animals allows people to raise and use animals for food and work. By raise herds of animals, such as sheep, people have regular supply of meat and clothing. The strength of animals such as horses and oxen was used for work and transportation.The development of tools and machines has resulted in a more fashion manufacturing and construction. With better tools and machines, works can be done with fewer people and much lower cost.The development of science and engineering has improved many things including communications. With understanding of electricity, telephone and radios allow people to communicate over long distances.The use of machines has reduced the number of people needed to make things.。

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