高中时间状语从句及练习(含答案).

状语从句

状语从句在句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句放在主句之前时，常用逗号分开;放在主句之后，一般不用逗号。状语从句按其意义和作用可分为时间、原因、地点、条件、让步、目的、结果、方式、比较等9种。

1.时间状语从句

时间状语从句表示主句动作发生的时间，主要由when，while，as ; before, after; till (until); once, by the time, as soon as, no sooner ... than和hardly ... when及名词词组the moment等引导。

1) when“在……的时候”; while “在……期间”; as “正当……的时候”

when意为“在……的时候”，强调“特定时间”。

When spring came, he felt like a trip.

When he was eating his breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring.

说明：连词when在状语从句中还有如下几种含义：

①表示突然发生的事，含义为“（正在……时）忽然”。

I was just coming along to see you when I ran into Wilson.

I had been working a couple of months when I had a letter from Jane.

②表示过早发生某事，意为“（还没……）就”。此含义有时可用before代替。

I hadn’t been reading for half an hour when I heard steps outside.

我刚读了不到半个小时就听到外面有脚步声。

I had been there little more than a week when I set to work in earnest.

③表示“在……的情况下”，常可译为“虽然”，“既然”，“如果”。

She refuses help when (although) she has many friends.

Why do you walk when (since) you have a car?

How can I help them to understand when (if) they won’t listen to me.

④后接虚拟结构，含义为“本可以，应该……”。

He stopped trying when he might have succeeded next time.

They were playing when they could have been working.

while意为“在……期间”，从句用持续性动词，表时间的一段，而不是一点。

While he was eating his breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring.

We must strike while the iron is hot.

说明：连词while在状语从句中还有如下几种含义：

①意为“然而，但是”，表示前后对照，说明两种情况相反

Tom is very outgoing, while Jane is shy and quiet.

Some people waste food while others haven’t enough.

②意为“虽然，尽管”（多放句首），从句和主句主语多为同一人或物。

While I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you.

While forbidden fruit is said to taste sweeter, it usually spoils faster.

虽然有人说禁果的味道更甜，但它腐烂得也更快。

③意为“只要”。参看while引导条件状语从句。

as意为“正当”，强调同一时间里两个相继发生或变化的情况，或两个动作一前一后，有时有“随着……”的含义。

As he was eating his breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring. (强调同一时间）

As I was going out, it began to rain.(强调两个动作先后发生）

As spring warms the good earth, all flowers begin to bloom. (as 有“随着”的含义）

2) before “在……之前”，after “在……之后”强调事件的先后关系

before表示两件事的先后关系。主句为肯定句，before引导的从句动作后发生;主句为否定句，before引导的从句动作先发生。

I started my meal before he arrived. (从句动作后发生）

He didn’t arrive before I returned. (从句动作先发生）

说明：在不同的结构中，连词before在状语从句中有如下几种含义。

①意为“…………（之后）才”，此结构主句常用肯定式，强调主句内容持续的色彩。

It will be ten years before we meet again. 要10年后我们才能再见面。

It was evening before we reached that little town.傍晚时分我们才到达那个小镇。

②意为“（不久）…………就”，用“...not long before”这一结构，强调时间的短暂

It won’t be long before you regret.不久你就会后悔的。

It wasn’t long before he told me about this affair.

不久他就把这事告诉我了。

③意为“不等/没有……就”。从句常用肯定形式。（有时从句用过去完成时，但仍表示主句的动作先发生。）

She offered me a cup of tea before I sat down.

没等我坐下她就给我端上一杯茶。

I left university before I’d taken the final exams.

我没有参加期末考就退学了。

④意为“刚…………没多久就…………”，“刚…………不到（多少时向）就…………”。主句常用否定的过去完成式，表示过早发生某事。句中的before有时可用when代替。

I hadn’t waited long before he came.我刚等候不久他就来了。

They had not been married a month before/when they quarreled.

他们刚结婚不到一个月就吵架了。