语言学树形图课后问题详解

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树形图详细讲解

网上的相对理想的树形图答案，注意正两点：

1.短语和中心词在一竖线上

2.含有形容词修饰语的名词短语的画法

NP

Det N

A N

a little boy

1. Indicate the category of each word in the following sentences.

a)T he old lady suddenly

left. Det A N Qual V

b)The car stopped at the end of

the road. Det N V P Det N P Det N

c)T he snow might have blocked the road.

Det N Aux Aux V Det N

d)H e never appears quite

mature. N Qual V Deg A

2.T he following phrases include a head, a complement, and a specifier. Draw the appropriate tree structure for each.

a) full of people

AP

A P N

文档full of people

b)a story about a sentimental girl

NP

NP PP

Det N P NP

Det A N

a story about a sentimental girl

c)o ften read detective stories

VP

Qual V NP

A N

often read detective stories

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d)the argument against the proposals

NP

NP PP

Det N P NP

Det N

the argument against the proposals

e)move towards the window

VP

V PP

P Det N

move towards the window

3. Draw phrase structure trees for each of the following sentences.

a)The jet

landed.

InflP(=

S)

NP Infl VP

Det N Pst V

The jet landed

b)Mary became very

ill.

InflP(=S)

NP Infl VP

N Pst V AP

Deg A

Mary became very ill

c)W hat will you talk about?

CP

NP C S

N Infl NP Infl VP

VP NP

V P N

What will you e talk about e

d)The apple might hit the man.

S

NP Det

The OR

NP Det

The

VP

N Aux V NP

Det N

apple might hit the

InflP(=

S)

Infl VP

N V NP

Det N

apple might hit the man man

e)He often reads detective stories.

S

NP VP

N Qual V NP

A N

He often reads detective stories

OR

InflP(=S)

NP Infl VP

Pres

N Qual V NP

A N

He often reads detective stories

4. The following sentences contain modifiers of various types. For each sentence, first identify the modifier(s), then draw the tree structures.

a)A frightened passenger landed the crippled

airplane. InflP(=S)

NP Infl VP

Det A N Pst V NP

Det A N

A frightened passenger landed the crippled airplane

b)A huge moon hung in the black

sky. InflP(=S)

NP Infl VP

Det A N Pst V PP

P NP

Det A N

A huge moon hung in the black sky

c)A n unusual event occurred before the

meeting. InflP(=S)

NP Infl VP

Det A N Pst V PP

P NP

DetN

An unusual event occurred before the meeting

d)An old house appeared on the

grassy hill. InflP(=S)

NP Infl VP

Det A NP Pst V PP

A N P NP

Det A N

An old house appeared

on

the grassy hill

5. The following

sentence s a

l

l

contai

n

conjoine

d

categorie

s.

Draw a

tree

structure

for each of the sentences.