考研英语模拟题(十)及答案
考研英语模拟测试题及答案
考研英语模拟测试题及答案Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on Answer Sheet 1.(10 points)Generally speaking, a British is widely regarded as a quiet, shy and conservative person who is 1 only among those with whom he is acquainted. When a stranger is at present, he often seems nervous, 2 embarrassed. You have to take a commuter train any morning or evening to 3 the truth of this. Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing in a corner. Hardly anybody talks, since to do so would be considered quite offensive.4 , there is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior which,5 broken, makes the offender immediately the object of6 .It has been known as a fact that the British has a 7 for the discussion of their weather and that, if given a chance, he will talk about it 8 . Some people argue that it is because the British weather seldom 9 forecast and hence becomes a source of interest and 10 to everyone. This may be so. 11 a British cannot have much 12 in the weathermen, who, after promising fine, sunny weather for the following day, are often proved wrong 13 a cloud over the Atlantic brings rainy weather to all districts! The man in the street seems to be as accurate-or as inaccurate-as the weathermen in his 14 .Foreigners may be surprised at the number of references 15 weather that the British make to each other in the course of asingle day. Very often conversational greetings are 16 by comments on the weather. "Nice day, isn't it?" "Beautiful!" may well be heard instead of "Good morning, how are you?" 17 the foreigner may consider this exaggerated and comic, it is worthwhile pointing out that it could be used to his advantage.18 he wants to start a conversation with a British but is 19 to know where to begin, he could do well to mention the state of the weather. It is a safe subject which will 20 an answer from even the most reserved of the British.1. [A] relaxed [B] frustrated [C] amused [D] exhausted2. [A] yet [B] otherwise [C] even [D] so3. [A] experience [B] witness [C] watch [D] undergo4. [A] Deliberately [B] Consequently [C] Frequently [D] Apparently5. [A] unless [B] once [C] while [D] as6. [A] suspicion [B] opposition [C] criticism [D] praise7. [A] emotion [B] fancy [C] likeliness [D] judgment8. [A] at length [B] to a great extent [C] from his heart [D] by all means9. [A] follows [B] predicts [C] defies [D] supports10. [A] dedication [B] compassion [C] contemplation [D] speculation11. [A] Still [B] Also [C] Certainly [D] Fundamentally12. [A] faith [B] reliance [C] honor [D] credit13. [A] if [B] once [C] when [D] whereas14. [A] propositions [B] predictions [C] approval [D] defiance15. [A] about [B] on [C] in [D] to16. [A] started [B] conducted [C] replaced [D] proposed17. [A] Since [B] Although [C] However [D] Only if18. [A] Even if [B] Because [C] If [D] For19. [A] at a loss [B] at last [C] in groups [D] on the occasion20. [A] stimulate [B] constitute [C] furnish [D] provokeSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet 1. (40 points)Text 1Readers of our Christmas issue were invited to nominate the wisest fool of the past 50 years. They responded magnificently, though often predictably. But this was not a popularity contest, or an unpopularity one. Except Jack Kennedy, every eligible president of the United States was nominated, along with every important political leader of the rest of the world. Alan Greenspan was a popular choice, but surprisingly few businessmen were proposed. Donald Trump, Kenneth Lay, Steve Jobs, Sir Richard Branson and Lord Conrad Black were those most often mentioned. Even fewer women were nominated, though Diana, Princess of Wales, was a strong contender.Piers Allen of Malta nominated Ronald Reagan, explaining, "A joke-cracking, afternoon-napping, intellectual lightweight whose memory could, in times of crisis, always be relied upon, but only to fail. Although foolish enough to announce, live on radio, that he would be bombing Russia in five minutes and take advice from his wife's astrologer (占星家), he was also wise enough to have survived union leadership and two terms as governor of California to reach the presidency of the United States and end the cold war favourably for the West. Any other wise fools making it to the White House will be hard pressed tofill his cowboy boots. "Richard Spencer (address not supplied) chose Yasser Arafat, whose foolishness was in "never missing an opportunity to miss an opportunity". "While appearing to his people as a strong leader who could stand up to the Israelis, Arafat was unable to (or simply chose not to) seize the historical moment and forge a compromise solution that would benefit the lot of the Palestinians. Had he been wise enough to make a deal with Israel when the going was good, he likely would have been buried as a bona fide (真正的) world leader in a sovereign state of Palestine. "Denis Papathanasiou of Hoboken, New Jersey, nominated Lawrence Peter "Yogi" Berra, baseball player for the New York Yankees (1946-63). "Mr Berra hardly qualifies as an intellectual: he is famous for such remarks as 'You don't look so hot yourself' (in response to a comment that he looked cool in his summer suit), 'What? You mean right now? (when asked for the time of day), and 'I take a two-hour nap, from one o'clock to four. ' On second glance, however, his utterances depict a certain honest Zen-like(类似禅宗) wisdom: If you don't know where you're going, you'll wind up somewhere else? It was hard to have a conversation with anyone-there were so many people talking. Those qualities have inspired a miniature popular cult (崇拜) of books and seminars. Not bad for a humble baseball player of modest education. "Mr Papathanasiou takes first prize.21. Dennis Papathasiou's comment suggests .[A] Lawrence Berra is no doubt a confused character.[B] It is hard to have a conversation with Lawrence Berra.[C] It is wrong to underestimate a person of modesteducation.[D] The baseball player is philosophical about life.22. What is NOT true of Ronald Reagan?[A] He was a trade union leader before assuming the governorship of California.[B] He threatened to bomb the Soviet Union on the advise of an astrologer.[C] He projected an image of tough guy when he was the U.S. president.[D] His memory could only be relied on in times of crisis.23. The possible reason to drop the U.S. presidents from the contest is that .[A] The magazine deliberately disregarded popularity in the contest[B] most of the readers endorsed Dennis Papathanasiou's choice[C] The editors decided that they were not strong contenders[D] The purpose of the contest was to outwit the readers24. Richard Spencer's comment implies that the Palestinian leader .[A] should have declared the formation of a Palestinian state[B] failed to identify a historical opportunity when it arose[C] failed to live up to his image as a strong leader[D] should have been flexible in his approach to dealing with the Israelis25. The word "humble" (Line 9, Para. 4) denotes .[A] self-importance in bearing [B] modesty in behavior[C] a free of care character [D] easy-goingness in manners。
大学生考研英语考试模拟试卷带答案
大学生考研英语考试模拟试卷Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Deflation is an economic theory relating changes in the price levels to changes in the quantity of money. In its developed 1 , it constitutes an analysis of the 2 underlying inflation and deflation. As 3 by the English philosopher John Locke in the 17th century, the Scottish 4 David Hume in the 18th century, and 5 , it was a weapon 6 the mercantilists, who were thought to equate wealth with money. If the 7 of money by a nation merely raised 8 , argued the quantity theorists, then a "favourable" balance of trade, 9 desired by mercantilists, would increase the supply of money but would not in-crease 10 . In the 19th century the quantity theory 11 to the ascendancy of free trade over protectionism. In the 19th and 20th centuries it played a part in the 12 of business cycles and in the theory of foreign 13 rates.The 14 theory came under attack during the 1930s, 15 monetary expansion seemed ineffective in combating deflation. Economists argued that the levels of investment and government spending were more important than the money supply in determining economic activity.The tide of opinion 16 again in the 1960s, when experience 17 post-World WarⅡinflation and new empirical 18 of money and prices—19 A Monetary History of the United States 21 by Milton Friedman and Anna Schwartz—restored much of the quantity theory' s lost prestige. One implication of this theory is that the size of the stock of money must be considered when shaping governmental policies 20 to control prices and maintain full employment.1、A. form B. shape C. figure D. appearance2、A. causes B. factors C. facts D. parts3、A. discovered B. discussed C. reported D. developed4、A. scientist B. philosopher C. professor D. thinker5、A. others B. the other C. another D. other6、A. for B. against C. by D. with7、A. accumulation B. earn C. spending D. disposal8、A. amounts B. prices C. levels D. ranges9、A. since B. if C. before D. as10、10A. wage B. salary C. wealth D. pay11、A. accesses B. contributed C. pointed D. explained12、A. analysis B. thought C. preservation D. existence13、A. change B. exchange C. communication D. alter14、A. number B. quantity C. quality D. figure15、A. where B. what C. when D. which16、A. reversed B. occurred C. emerged D. finished17、A. by B. for C. since D. with18、A. studies B. discovers C. findings D. questions19、A. similar to B. such as C. along with D. aside from20、A. measured B. pointed C. led D. meantSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1Many in the Middle East have difficulty in adjusting themselves to the new situation created by the departure of the imperial powers. For the first time in almost 200 years, the rulers and people of the Middle East have to accept the final responsibility for their own affairs, to make their own mistakes and to accept the consequences. This is difficult to internalize, even to perceive, after so long a period. For the entire lifetimes of those who formulate and conduct policy at the present time and of their predecessors for many generations, vital decisions were made elsewhere, ultimate control lay elsewhere, and the principal task of statesmanship and diplomacy was as far as possible to avoid or reduce the dangers of this situation and to exploit such opportunities as it might from time to time offer. It is very difficult to forsake the habits not just of a lifetime but of a whole era of history. The difficulty is much greater when alien cultural, social and economic preeminence continues and even increases, despite the ending of alien political and military domination.Military and to a growing extent political intervention by the West has indeed ended, but the impact of its science and culture, its technology, amenities and institutions remains and even increases. As in other parts of the non-Western world, this impact has been and will be enormous. In these circumstances, it is natural that Middle Easterners should continue to assume—and proceed on the assumption—that real responsibility and decision still lie elsewhere. In its crudest form, this belief leads to wild and strange conspiracy theories directed against those whom they regard as their enemies—Israel, and more generally the Jews, the United States, and more generally the West. No theory is too absurd to be asserted or too preposterous to be widely and instantly believed. Even among more responsible statesmen and analysts, a similar belief in alien power, albeit in a less crude form, often seems to guide both analysis and policy. Some even go so far as to invite outside intervention, presumable in the belief that only outside powers have the capacity to make and enforce decisions. A case in point is the constant appeal to the United States to involve itself in the Arab Israel conflict, oddly coupled with the repeated accusation of "American imperialism. "This state of mind is likely to continue for some time, with appeals for support or even intervention to the United States, to Russia and even to the European Union. In time, no doubt, Middle Eastern governments and people will learn how to use this window of opportunity to the best advantage—that is, of course, if the windowremains open long enough.21、The word "this" in the third sentence of Paragraph 1 refers to______.A. the departure of the imperial powersB. the final responsibility of the Middle Eastern countries for their own affairsC. the consequence created by the departure of the imperial powersD. the fact that the Middle Eastern countries have to be responsible for their own affairs22、The Middle Eastern countries were at a loss after the departure of the imperial powers because______.A. they were rather backward and in bad need of foreign assistanceB. they were accustomed to being ruled by an alien forceC. they were plunged into war after the departure of the imperial powersD. the imperial powers left them nothing but disorder23、It is natural for Middle Easterners to assume that______.A. their real enemies are the Western countriesB. no countries can save them but their ownC. it is up to their leaders, not the ordinary people, to make decisionsD. other countries should come to their help in times of urgency24、The fact that the Middle Eastern countries often rely on the United States in resolving their conflicts shows that they believe that______.A. American imperialists still have control over the world affairsB. outside powers are more capable of effective decisionsC. they are weaker than Israel and cannot defeat itD. Israel is assisted and manipulated by the United States25、The author implied in the passage that______.A. it takes time for the Middle Easterners to adjust themselves to the new situationB. the world will be more peaceful if each country learns to care about its own businessC. most of the unrest in the Middle East is attributable to Israel's aggressive policiesD. the Western powers should stop interfering with other countries' affairsText 2"WHAT'S the difference between God and Larry Ellison?" asks an old software industry joke. Answer: God doesn't think he's Larry Ellison. The boss of Oracle is hardly alone among corporate chiefs in having a reputation for being rather keen on himself. Indeed, until the bubble burst and the public turned nasty at the start of the decade, the cult of the celebrity chief executive seemed to demand bossly narcissism, as evidence that a firm was being led by an all-conquering hero.Narcissus met a nasty end, of course. And in recent years, boss-worship has come to be seen as bad for business. In his management bestseller, "Good to Great", Jim Collins argued that the truly successful bosses were not the serf-proclaimed stars who adorn the covers of Forbes and Fortune, but instead self-effacing, thoughtful, monkish sorts who lead by inspiring example.A statistical answer may be at hand. For the first time, a new study, "It's All About Me", to be presented next week at the annual gathering of the American Academy of Management, offers a systematic, empirical analysis of what effect narcissistic bosses have on the firms they run. The authors, Arijit Chatterjee and Donald Hambrick, of Pennsylvania State University, examined narcissism in the upper levels of 105 firms in the computer and software industries.To do this, they had to solve a practical problem: studies of narcissism have hitherto relied on surveying individuals personally, something for which few chief executives are likely to have time or inclination. So the authors devised an index of narcissism using six publicly available indicators obtainable without the co-operation of the boss. These are: the prominence of the boss's photo in the annual report; his prominence in company press releases; the length of his "Who's Who" entry; the frequency of his use of the first person singular in interviews; and the ratios of his cash and non-cash compensation to those of the firm's second-highest paid executive.Narcissism naturally drives people to seek positions of power and influence, and because great self-esteem helps your professional advance, say the authors, chief executives will tend on average to be more narcissistic than the general population. How does that affect a firm? Messrs Chatterjee and Hambrick found that highly narcissistic bosses tended to make bigger changes in the use of important resources, such as research and development, or in spending and leverage; they carried out more and bigger mergers and acquisitions ; and their results were both more extreme (more big wins or big losses) and more transient than those of firms run by their humbler peers. For shareholders, that could be good or bad.Although (oddly) the authors are keeping their narcissism ranking secret, they have revealed that Mr Ellison did not come top. Alas for him, that may be because the study limited itself to people who became the boss after 1991--well after he took the helm. In every respect Mr Ellison seems to be the classic narcissistic boss, claims Mr Chatterjee. There is life in the old joke yet.26、Jim Collins seems to believe that truly successful managersA. should encourage the staff by setting up examples.B. should not be regarded as stars by their employees.C. should ban boss-worship in the companies they lead.D. should be as humble as possible in their company.27、A practical problem with the "It's all about me" study is thatA. the survey takes too much time to be completed.B. the subjects for the survey may not be very cooperative.C. the bosses who are narcissistic are likely to tell lies to the surveyors.D. the six available indicators require the co-operation of the bosses.28、According to the researchers, compared with humbler managers, narcissistic bosses are more likely toA. have faster professional advances.B. draw attention from the general population.C. dramatize the changes in their companies.D. use resources of the company in extreme ways.29、We can infer from the passage thatA. the results of the new study has already been publicized.B. the researchers think Mr. Ellison is more classic than narcissistic.C. the joke about Mr. Ellison is actually adapted from real life.D. the ranking might be different if the survey focused on an earlier period.30、The old software industry joke is used in the text toA. show the difference between God and Larry Ellison.B. emphasize the success of the boss of Oracle.C. illustrate how chief executives manage their companies.D. introduce the topic of narcissism on top managerial level.Text 3Democrats on the Senate Judiciary Committee vented their fury over high gasoline prices at executives of the nation's five largest oil companies on Wednesday, grilling the oilmen over their multimillion-dollar pay packages and warning them that Congress was intent on taking action that could include a new tax on so-called windfall profits. Such showdowns between lawmakers and oil titans have become a familiar routine on Capitol Hill. But with gas prices nearing $ 4 a gallon, and lawmakers headed home for a weeklong Memorial Day recess where they expect to get an earful from angry constituents, there is added urgency for Congress to appear active.But while momentum is building for several measures, including a bill that would allow the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries to be sued in American courts under antitrust laws, there is little sign that any of the proposals would do much, if anything, to lower prices quickly. And the oil executives warned that government intervention might only make things worse. Instead, they called on Congress to allow more drilling and exploration for domestic oil.The increasing urgency to seem aggressive about gasoline prices was apparent on Tuesday when the House voted by an overwhelming 324 to 84 to approve the bill, commonly referred to as NOPEC, which classifies OPEC as a monopoly in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act. Senate Democrats have included that measure as part of a package of legislation intended to address the high price of gasoline, along with the tax on windfall profits and a measure to tamp down speculation in the oil futures market that many lawmakers think is contributing to the run-up in prices.At the Judiciary Committee hearing, Democratic senators struggled to have the executives explain how oil prices had risen so high. The senators expressed doubt that basic laws of supply and demand were at work and suggested instead a more sinister combination of monopolistic behavior by oil-producing countries, speculation in the futures markets and sheer corporate greed.On Monday, President Bush signed a bill temporarily suspending the purchase of crude oil for the nation's Strategic Petroleum Reserve. Mr. Bush had initially opposed such action but relented after the House and Senate approved the bill by wide margins. Senator Richard J. Durbin, Democrat of Illinois and a strong supporterof Senator Baraek Obama's presidential bid, made a particularly pointed attack, in which he seemed to warn the oil executives that they would soon no longer have such a good friend in the White House. He also suggested that Mr. Bush should be doing more to press the oil companies to help lower prices at the pump, while acknowledging that it would be difficult to pass a windfall profits tax while Mr. Bush was still in office.31、Senate Democrats were angry with the oilmen because______.A. they get tax-free pay packagesB. Congress took on actions but in vainC. the showdowns were merely a routineD. oil prices had risen so high32、From the text we can learn that the bill allowing OPEC to be sued under antitrust laws______.A. handicaps more drilling and exploration for domestic oilB. is a kind of government intervention that only makes things worseC. turns out to be less influential to decrease oil price rapidlyD. is in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act33、The approval of the bill, NOPEC, on Tuesday implies that______.A. it is necessary to impose tax on windfall profitsB. it is urgent to fight against monopolyC. it is pressing to think much of the ever-increasing oil pricesD. it is important to resort to NOPEC34、According to Democratic senators, which of the following is NOT a factor contributing to soaring oil prices?A. The basic laws of supply and demand.B. The monopoly of oil-producing countries.C. Speculation in the oil futures markets.D. Oil companies salivating over profits.35、What can we infer form the last paragraph?A. The nation's Strategic Petroleum Reserve is more than adequate.B. Democrats argue that greedy oil companies are the key factor of jumping oil price.C. President Bush used to be reluctant to drag down the oil price.D. The federal law bans the windfall profits tax in Bush Government.Text 4Florence Nightingale is most remembered as a pioneer of nursing and a reformer of hospital sanitation methods. For most of her ninety years, Nightingale pushed for reform of the British military health-care system and with that the profession of nursing started to gain the respect it deserved. Unknown to many, however, was her use of new techniques, of statistical analysis, such as during the Crimean War when she plotted the incidence of preventable deaths in the military. She developed a method to prevent the needless deaths caused by unsanitary conditions and the need for reform. With her analysis, Florence Nightingale revolutionized the idea that social phenomena could be objectively measured andsubjected to mathematical analysis. She was an innovator in the collection, interpretation, and display of statistics.Florence Nightingale's two greatest life achievements-pioneering of nursing and the reform of hospitals-were amazing considering that most Victorian women of her age group did not attend universities or pursue professional careers. It was her father, William Nightingale, who believed women, especially his children, should get an education. So Nightingale and her sister learned Italian, Latin, Greek, history, and mathematics. She in particular received excellent early preparation in mathematics.During Nightingale's time at Scutari, she collected data and systematized record-keeping practices. Nightingale was able to use the data as a tool for improving city and military hospitals. Nightingale's calculations of the death rate showed that with an improvement of sanitary methods, deaths would decrease. In February, 1855, the death rate at the hospital was 42.7 percent of the cases treated. When Nightingale's sanitary reform was implemented, the death rate declined. Nightingale took her statistical data and represented them graphically.As Nightingale demonstrated, statistics provided an organized way of learning and lead to improvements in medical and surgical practices. She also developed a Model Hospital Statistical Form for hospitals to collect and generate consistent data and statistics. She became a Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society in 1858 and an honorary member of the American Statistical Association in 1874. Karl Pearson acknowledged Nightingale as a "prophetess" in the development of applied statistics.36、What does the word "sanitation" mean in the passage?A. Medication.B. Cleanness.C. Nursing.D. Reforms37、What does this passage talk about Nightingale?A. As a pioneer of nursing.B. As a reformer of hospital sanitation methods.C. As a successful woman.D. As a innovator of statistical analysis in hospitals.38、What can be inferred about the women living in the same era as Nightingale?A. They chose to stay at home after graduating from colleges and universities.B. They tended to choose courses in Italian, Latin, Greek, history and so on.C. They seldom chose mathematics as their course.D. They did not have a equal education opportunities with men as they do today.39、Where did Nightingale prove her method could really reduce the death rates?A. Scutari.B. Victorian.C. Crimean.D. Royal Statistical Society.40、What does the author try to prove in this passage?A.Women can be as successful as men.B. Education plays a vital role in one's success.C. Mathematics could be used to improve medical practices.D. A career in medical field is also available for women.Part BDirections:You are going to read a text about how to keep your job, followed by a list of important examples. Choose the best examples from the list A - F for each numbered subheading (41-45). There is one extra examples which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)A. However, the production of TG is controlled by an enzyme that is, in turn, encoded by a gene called UGT2B17. This gene comes in two varieties, one of which has a part missing and therefore does not work properly. A person may thus have none, one or two working copies of UGT2B17, since he inherits one copy from each parent. Dr Schulze guessed that different numbers of working copies would produce different test results. She therefore gave healthy male volunteers whose genes had been examined a single 360mg shot of testosterone (the standard dose for legitimate medical use) and checked their urine to see whether the shot could be detected.B. Dr Schulze also says there is substantial ethnic variation in UGT2B17 genotypes. Two-thirds of Asians have no functional copies of the gene (which means they have a naturally low ratio of TG to EG., compared with under a tenth of Caucasians--something the anti-doping bodies may wish to take into account.C. The test usually employed for testosterone abuse relies on measuring the ratio of two chemicals found in the urine, testosterone glucuronide (TG. and epitestosterone glucuronide (EG.. The former is produced when testosterone is broken down, while the latter is unrelated to testosterone metabolism, and can thus serve as a reference point for the test. Any ratio above four of the former to one of the latter is, according to official Olympic policy, considered suspicious and leads to more tests.D. The result was remarkable. Nearly half of the men who carried no functional copies of UGT2B17 would have gone undetected in the standard doping test. By contrast, 14% of those with two functional copies of the gene were over the detection threshold before they had even received an injection. The researchers estimate this would give a false-positive testing rate of 9% in a random population of young men.E. The agencies have had remarkable success. Testing for anabolic steroids (in other words, artificial testosterone) was introduced in the 1970s, and the incidence of cheating seems to have fallen dramatically as a result (see chart). The tests, however, are not foolproof. And a study just published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism by Jenny Jakobsson Schulze and her colleagues at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden suggests that an individual's genetic make-up could confound them in two different ways. One genotype, to use the jargon, may allow athletes who use anabolic steroids to escape detection altogether. Another may actually be convicting the innocent.F. Cheating in sport is as old as sport itself. The athletes of ancient Greece used potions to fortify themselves before a contest, and their modern counterparts have everything from anabolic steroids and growth hormones to doses of extra redblood cells with which to invigorate their bodies. These days, however, such stimulants are frowned on, and those athletes must therefore run the gauntlet of organisations such as the World Anti-Doping Agency, which would rather they competed without resorting to them.G. In the meantime, Dr Schulze' s study does seem to offer innocents a way of defending themselves. Athletes travelling to Beijing for the Olympic games later this year may be wise to travel armed not only with courage and the "spirit of Olympianism", but also with a copy of their genetic profile, just in case.Order:Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Society not only continues to exist by transmission, by communication, but it may fairly be said to exist in transmission, in communication. There is more than a verbal tie between the words common, community, and communication. 46 Men live in a community in virtue of the things which they have in common; and communication is the way in which they come to possess things in common. 47 What they must have in common in order to form a community or society are aims, beliefs, aspirations, knowledge—a common understanding—like-mindedness as the sociologists say. Such things cannot be passed physically from one to another, like bricks; they cannot be shared as persons would share a pie by dividing it into physical pieces. 48 The communication which insures participation in a common understanding is one which secures similar emotional and intellectual dispositions—like ways of responding to expectations and requirements.Persons do not become a society by living in physical proximity, any more than a man ceases to be socially influenced by being so many feet or miles removed from others. 49 A book or a letter may institute a more intimate association between human beings separated thousands of miles from each other than exists between dwellers under the same roof. Individuals do not even compose a social group because they all work for a common end. The parts of a machine work with a maximum of cooperativeness for a common result, but they do not form a community. If, however, they were all cognizant of the common end and all interested in it so that they regulated their specific activity in view of it, then they would form a community. But this would involve communication. Each would have to know what the other was about and would have to have some way of keeping the other informed as to his own purpose and progress. Consensus demands communication.We are thus compelled to recognize that within even the most social group there are many relations which are not as yet social. A large number of human relationships in any social group are still upon the machine-like plane. Individuals use one another so as to get desired results, without reference to the emotional andintellectual disposition and consent of those used. Such uses express physical superiority, or superiority of position, skill, technical ability, and command of tools, mechanical or fiscal. 50 So far as the relations of parent and child, teacher and pupil, employer and employee, governor and governed, remain upon this level, they form no true social group, no matter how closely their respective activities touch one another. Giving and taking of orders modifies action and results, but does not of itself effect a sharing of purposes, a communication of interests.Section ⅢWritingPart A51、Directions: You are a graduate student majoring in Business English. You are interested in the position of a translator in a multinational corporation. Write a letter to the HR manager to1) state the reason of writing this letter,2) introduce yourself briefly,3) express your gratitude.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write the address.Part B52、Study the following picture carefully and write an essay to1) describe the picture and interpret the meaning,2) analyze the phenomenon, and3) give your comments on this issue.答案:Section ⅠUse of English1、A[解题思路] 本题考核的知识点是：名词辨析。
2022年考研英语模拟试题及答案10
2022年考研英语模拟试题及答案1、He is a very honest official and never _____ any gifts from the people who sought his help.A. acceptedB. receivedC. took upD. excepted【答案】A accepted2、The two oil companies( )to cut costs.A. mixedB. mingledC. mergedD. messed【答案】C3、How many of us( ),say,a meeting that is irrelevant to us would be interested in the discussion?A. attendedB. attendingC. to attendD. have attended【答案】C4、It was a long time before the cut on my hand _____ completely.A. healedB. curedC. improvedD. recovered【答案】A healed.5、The shop-assistant was straight with his customers. If an article was of _____ quality, he'd tell them so.A. minorB. humbleC. inferiorD. awkward【答案】C inferior6、What you have done is _____ the doctor's orders.A. attached toB. resistant toC. responsible toD. contrary to【答案】D contrary to.7、A( )translation is not always the closest to the original meaning.A. literalB. liberalC. literateD. literary【答案】A8、Before the Spring Festival,the leaders of the vill age made house‐to‐house survey,( )in each family about their needs and problems.A. to inquireB. to be inquiringC. inquiringD. inquired【答案】C9、Farming demands( )forecasts of the weather.A. preciseB. correctC. accurateD. exact【答案】C10、She opened the packet and emptied its( )into saucepan.A. contentsB. contentC. consentD. contend【答案】A11、Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in( )to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status,or as a rejection of middle‐class values.A. returnB. replyC. referenceD. response【答案】D12、Prof.Lee’s book will show you( )can be used in other contexts.A. that you have observedB. that how you have observedC. how that you have observedD. how what you have observed【答案】D13、I'm afraid this painting is not by Picasso. It's only a copy and so it's _____.A. pricelessB. invaluableC. unworthyD. worthless【答案】D worthless.14、The( )of the speech contest is made up of four professors and a famous broadcaster.A. committeeB. boardC. panelD. leadership【答案】C15、The Department is also deeply _____ in various improvement schemes.A. connectedB. includedC. involvedD. implied【答案】C involved.16、Before the Spring Festival,the leaders of the village made house‐to‐house survey,( )in each family about their needs and problems.A. to inquireB. to be inquiringC. inquiringD. inquired【答案】C17、The final _____ of the play will take place on Monday.A. actionB. performanceC. viewD. sight【答案】Bperformance.18、There were no tickets _____ for Friday's performance.A. preferableB. possibleC. considerableD. available【答案】D available.19、Jim's plans to go to college _____ at the last moment.A. fell outB. gave awayC. gave offD. fell through【答案】D fell through20、The car was completely _____ and the driver seriously injured.A. broken offB. taken offC. written offD. picked up【答案】C written off.21、Having failed in the mathematics examination,Tom feels very( ).A. oppressedB. suppressedC. depressedD. compressed【答案】C22、Text3NASAhashiredairplanemanufacturerLockheedMartintobuilditsnextexperim entalplane,whichisdesignedtoflyfasterthanthespeedofsoundwithoutproducing theloudsonicboomsthathaveplaguedthetransportationform.Theplaneisduetobed eliveredin2021andwillcostjustshyof$250million.Duringapressconferencehost edbytheagencyduringwhichtheyannouncedthepartnership,LockheedMartinspokespersonDaveRichardsonexplainedthatthenewplanewillbeneitheraprototypeforan ewcommercialairplane,norareincamationofprevioussupersonicjets."Thisisapu rpose-builtexperimentalresearchcraft,"hesaid."Thisaircraftwasdesignedfromaclea nsheet."NASAwillusetheplanetogatherdataabouttheimpactofitslow-boomdesign,whichtheagencyhopeswilladdressthesinglebiggestchallengeofsupe rsonicflight.Flyingfasterthanthespeedofsoundproducesshockwavesthatresult inaloudboomingsound."Theairdoesnotknowthattheairplaneiscoming,"PeterCoen ,aNASAprojectmanagerforsupersonictechnology,explainedduringthepressconfe rence,Becausenoonelikedhearingthatnoise,theFederalAviationAdministration andsimilarinternationalorganizationsbannedsupersonictraveloverland,Now,N ASAthinkstechnologycanbreakthesoundbarrierwithoutbeingquitesoloudaboutit .Thesecretisintheshapeoftheplane.Sonicboomsformbecausetheplane'sflightpr oducesmanyshockwavesofdifferentstrengthsheadedindifferentdirectionsthata bsorbintoeachothertocreatetwostrongpulsesofpressure.Fromthetestingdoneso far,NASAthinksthenewplane'sdesignsuccessfullydissipatesandweakensthosesh ockwaves,keepingthemfromformingthestrongpulsesresponsibleforbooms.Thepla newouldstillproducewhatthey'vedubbed"sonicthumps,"butthehopeisthatthosew ouldbemucheasiertodealwith.Oncethenewplaneisbuilt,NASAwillrunsurveysonth egroundtoseehowpeoplerespondtothesonicthumps.Then,theagencywillbringthat surveydatatotheFederalAviationAdministrationanditsintemationalcounterpar tsinordertorevisittheruleaboutbreakingthespeedofsoundoverland."It'snotab outmakinganewairplaneforairplanes'sake,althoughIloveairplanes,"Richardso nsaid."It'saboutthedatathatwillbecollected."Iftherulechangedoescomethrou gh,thatcouldkickoffaneweraofcommercialsupersonictravel.34.Theword"dissip ates"(Para.6)mostprobablymeansA.disperse.B.dilute.C.divide.D.distribute.【答案】B【解析】词汇理解题。
2021年考研《英语》模拟试题及答案(卷十)
2021年考研《英语》模拟试题及答案（卷十）Although recent years have seen substantial reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing. Consequently, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and ozone (generated by photochemical reactions with hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust) that exceed legally established limits. There is a growing realization that the only effective way to achieve further reductions in vehicle emissions —short of a massive shift away from the private automobile —is to replace conventional diesel fuel and gasoline with cleaner-burning fuels such as compressed natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, ethanol, or methanol.All of these alternatives are carbon-based fuels whose molecules are smaller and simpler than those of gasoline. These molecules burn more cleanly than gasoline, in part because they have fewer, if any, carbon-carbon bonds and the hydrocarbons they do emit are less likely to generate ozone. The combustion of larger molecules, which have multiple carbon-carbon bonds involves a more complex series of reactions. These reactions increase the probability of incomplete combustion and are more likely to release uncombusted and photochemically active hydrocarbon compounds into the atmosphere. On the other hand, alternative fuels do have drawbacks. Compressednatural gas would require that vehicles have set of heavy fuel tanks —a serious liability in terms of performance and fuel efficiency —and liquefied petroleum gas faces fundamental limits on supply.Ethanol and methanol, on the other hand, have important advantages over other carbon-based alternative fuels: they have higher energy content per volume and would require minimal changes in the existing network for distributing motor fuel. Ethanol is commonly used as a gasoline supplement, but it is currently about twice as expensive as methanol, the low cost of which is one of its attractive features. Methanol’s most attractive feature, however, is that it can reduce by about 90 percent the vehicle emissions that form ozone, the most serious urban air pollutant.Like any alternative fuel, methanol has its critics. Yet much of the criticism is based on the use of “gasoline clone”vehicles that do not incorporate even the simplest design improvements that are made possible with the use of methanol. It is true, for example, that a given volume of methanol provides only about one-half of the energy that gasoline and diesel fuel do; other things being equal, the fuel tank would have to be somewhat larger and heavier. However, since methanol-fueled vehicles could be designed to be much more efficient than “gasoline clone”vehicles fueled with methanol they would need comparatively less fuel. Vehicles incorporating only the simplest of theengine improvements that methanol makes feasible would still contribute to an immediate lessening of urban air pollution.1. The author of the text is primarily concerned with[A] countering a flawed argument that dismisses a possible solution to a problem.[B] reconciling contradictory points of view about the nature of a problem.[C] identifying the strengths of possible solutions to a problem.[D] discussing a problem and arguing in favor of one solution to it.2. According to the text, incomplete combustion is more likely to occur with gasoline than with an alternative fuel because[A] the combustion of gasoline releases photochemically active hydrocarbons.[B] the combustion of gasoline embraces an intricate set of reactions.[C] gasoline molecules have a simple molecular structure.[D] gasoline is composed of small molecules.3. The text suggests which of the following about air pollution?[A] Further attempts to reduce emissions from gasoline-fueled vehicles will not help lower urban air-pollution levels.[B] Attempts to reduce the pollutants that an individual gasoline-fueled vehicle emits have been largely unsuccessful.[C] Few serious attempts have been made to reduce the amount of pollutants emitted by gasoline-fueled vehicles.[D] Pollutants emitted by gasoline-fueled vehicles are not the most critical source of urban air pollution.4. Which of the following most closely parallels the situation described in the first sentence of the text?[A] Although a town reduces its public services in order to avoid a tax increase, the town’s tax rate exceeds that of other towns in the surrounding area.[B] Although a state passes strict laws to limit the type of toxic material that can be disposed of in public landfills, illegal dumping continues to increase.[C] Although a town’s citizens reduce their individual use of water, the town’s water supplies continue to dwindle because of a steady increase in the total populating of the town.[D] Although a country attempts to increase the sale of domestic goods by adding a tax to the price of imported goods, the sale of imported goods within the country continues to increase.5. It can be inferred that the author of the text most likely regards the criticism of methanol as[A] flawed because of the assumptions on which it is based.[B] inapplicable because of an inconsistency in the critics’arguments.[C] misguided because of its exclusively technological focus.[D] inaccurate because it ignores consumers’concerns.[答案与考点解析]1. 【答案】C【考点解析】这是一道中心主旨题。
英语考研题库模拟题及答案
英语考研题库模拟题及答案一、阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）Passage 1In recent years, the popularity of online courses has surged, offering students the flexibility to learn at their own pace. However, critics argue that the lack of face-to-faceinteraction may hinder the development of critical thinking skills.Questions:1. What is the main topic of the passage?2. What is the advantage of online courses mentioned in the passage?3. What is the concern raised by critics about online courses?Answers:1. The main topic is the rise in popularity of online courses and the debate surrounding their effectiveness.2. The advantage is the flexibility for students to learn at their own pace.3. The concern is that the lack of face-to-face interaction may affect the development of critical thinking skills.Passage 2The impact of climate change on biodiversity is a pressingissue. Scientists warn that without immediate action, many species are at risk of extinction.Questions:1. What is the main concern of the passage?2. What is the potential consequence of climate change mentioned?3. Who are the individuals raising the alarm about this issue?Answers:1. The main concern is the impact of climate change on biodiversity.2. The potential consequence is the extinction of many species.3. Scientists are the ones raising the alarm.二、完形填空（每题1分，共10分）[文章省略，提供5个样题]61. A) rapidly B) slowly C) gradually D) instantly62. A) cause B) effect C) reason D) result63. A) despite B) because C) since D) if64. A) increasing B) decreasing C) remaining D) changing65. A) threat B) promise C) opportunity D) challenge答案：61. C) gradually62. A) cause63. A) despite64. B) decreasing65. A) threat三、翻译（英译汉，每题5分，共10分）Translate the following sentences into Chinese:1. The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes in our daily lives.2. Environmental protection is a global issue that requires the collective efforts of all countries.答案：1. 技术的快速发展给我们的日常生活带来了显著的变化。
考研英语模拟试题及答案 (10)
模拟试题[10]Simulated Test[PREVIOUS][NEXT]Part I Structure and VocabularySection ADirections： Beneath each of the following sentences,there are four choices marked A,B,C and D)Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.(5 points)1.It is when he views it from a mountain peak _____ the stranger can see the extent of theforest.A)whenB)whereC)thatD)which2.The oldest lens _____ was found in the ruins of Nineveh.A)knownB)being knownC)to be knownD)to have been known3.But for some passing shower our boating trip _____ .A)would be perfectB)would have been perfectC)had been perfectD)have been perfect4.The students attended a class entitled “Contemporary Issues” _____ they discussedsocial,political and economic problems.A)in thatB)in whatC)in whichD)in it5._____ through a telescope, the most prominent features of the Martian surface are thewhite polar caps.A)SeeingB)When seeingC)SeenD)Having seen6.If we allow our imagination _____ by known research,our prophecies need not be sheerfantasy.A)guidedB)be guidedC)to be guidedD)being guided7._____ there can be little distinction of age,and certainly none of class.A)In too a small companyB)In very a small companyC)In such small a companyD)In so small a company8.The possibility of children′s _____ the exhibits must be taken into account.A)damageB)damagingC)to damageD)damaged9.The government has issued laws preventing agricultural land _____ to industries.A)to sellB)to be soldC)from sellingD)being sold10.Many of the world′s great novels are reported _____ into films last year.A)being madeB)having been madeC)to be madeD)to have been madeSection BDirections: Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A,B,C and D)Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (5 points)11.Out of (A) anger,some crazy fans even wrote threatening (B) letters and mailed daggersto the team while (C) the coaches were blamed with (D) the failures.12.In this country the (A) law forbids citizens carrying (B) pistols or rifles without firsthaving obtained (C) a special permit. (D)13.In Britain,many factory workers nowadays (A) have bank accounts (B) and are paid bycheque,thus make (C) it unnecessary for firms to handle large amounts (D) of cash.14.The breakup (A) of the Soviet Union changed the face of world sport as well as (B) altered(C) the political profile (D) of the globe.15.The extensive research done (A) by social scientists have given (B) us a much (C) widerunderstanding of the complex (D) modern world.16.This book attempts (A) to focus in (B) so far as the available (C) materials permit itin (D) these aspects of the analysis of social problems.17.Television networks in the United States have been criticized (A) for not offering (B)much (C) imaginative (D) programs for children.18.Such ways of producing static electricity that (A) will be described later (B) in thischapter are (C) widely used in physics laboratories. (D)19.Merchandisers spare not effort (A) to boast about (B) their products to the public through(C) all the media available. (D)20.The Irish contribution (A) to English literature has been proportionately (B) greaterthan any other (C) English speaking nation. (D)Section CDirections: Beneath each of the following sentences,there are four choices marked A,B,C and D)Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.(10 points)21.The centre _____ great importance to artistic and creative value when selecting films.A)placesB)attachesC)attainsD)attributes22.Foreign trained doctors say their employment _____ have already dimmed.A)prosperitiesB)protectionsC)promotionsD)prospects23.So I think that even though there are new laws pertaining to advertising,the power to_____ them should be further strenthened.A)implementB)implyC)impressD)impulse24.That the houses are being put up for sale is _____ the economic situation.A)independent onB)indicative ofC)indispensible forD)index to25.In the north,houses are more _____ so that they can be more easily kept warm in winter.A)compactB)complexC)comfortableD)concrete26.The machine has also _____ the building and development of irrigation system.A)constructedB)fabricatedC)facinatedD)facilitated27.Eye contact is important because insufficient or _____ eye contact may createcommunication barriers.A)extensiveB)exclusiveC)excessiveD)extreme28.In the United States there is a belief that people are _____ for working,producing,andachieving.A)awardedB)rewardedC)grantedD)required29.No one could _____ Charles and he won the race.A)overturnB)overthrowC)overtakeD)overlook30.President De Gaulle,angered by US _____ of the alliance,withdrew France from Nato′smilitary command in 1966.A)dominationB)conquestC)interferenceD)direction31.The table was very large and heavy;in fact it was so _____ that it could not be moved.A)extravagantB)massiveC)excessiveD)expansive32.This contract cannot be _____ for three years.A)violatedB)verifiedC)terminatedD)subscribed33.Through the Department of Labor,government has defined a minimum amount of incomenecessary for basic _____ of a family of three.A)supplementB)managementC)paymentD)maintenancepetition protects the freedom of the individual by _____ that there is no monopolyof power.A)enduringB)securingC)ensuringD)rescuing35.In 1932,at the bottom of the _____ ,banks were failing at the rate of forty a day.A)depressionB)depositionC)suppressionD)deformation36.Increasingly,government is _____ to regulate and guide the economy in its continued growth.A)incorporatingB)inspectingC)interactingD)intervening37.In othe r households,the mother may work to _____ the father′s income so the family canenjoy a higher standard of living.A)supplementB)supplyC)provideD)add38.Ideally,Mother and Father have an equal _____ in decision making.A)toneB)voiceC)soundD)noise39.Taxes collected by local districts and states _____ about 93 percent of the revenue.A)provide forB)bring aboutC)make upD)consist of40.The figures show in unmistakable term the _____ of the American economy.A)breakawayB)breakoutC)breakoverD)breakdownPart Ⅱ Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked A,B,C and D)Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.(10 points)Let us consider what science and technology have to contribute to the food problem.The simplest way to increase food production,one might suppose,is to bring more land (41) cultivation and put more people to work (42) it.The U.S.S.R.and some of the underdeveloped countries have (43) this straightforward approach,without notable success.It contains several fallacies.For one thing,it usually means moving into marginal lands where the soil and climatic (44) give a poor return.Cultivation may quickly deplete this soil,ruining it for pasture of forest growth.It is often possible,of course,to turn such lands into useful farms by agricultural (45) ;for instance,a sophisticated knowledge of how to use the (46) water through an irrigation system may (47) semi arid grasslands for crop growing.But the (48) of marginal lands is in any case unsuccessful unless it is carried out by farmers with a centuries old tradition of experience or by modern experts with a detailed knowledge of the local conditions and the (49) of crops that are suitable for those conditions.Such knowledge is conspicuously absent in the (50) countries.41.A)intoB)underC)toD)from42.A)forB)withC)onD)by43.A)resorted toB)responded toC)restored toD)relieved of44.A)environmentB)stateC)circumstancesD)conditions45.A)know allB)know howC)know it allD)know nothing46.A)availableB)distilledC)drinkingD)discharged47.A)replaceB)recoverC)remedyD)reclaim48.A)consumptionB)cultivationC)constructionD)conservation49.A)varietiesB)variousC)variableD)variation50.A)developedB)underdevelopedC)undergrownD)underpopulatedPart Ⅲ Reading comprehensionDirections: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions.For each question there are four answers marked A,B,C, and D)Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.(40 points)Passage 1Prison life will never be quite the same again for women criminals in Scotland.The air in their new prison at Cornton Vale,near Sterling,hangs heavy with the perfume of lavender.There are no bars on the windows—just a metal grill.Prisoners live on a ‘family’basis with their officers,in small units of seven rooms.There is a kitchen where they cook their own meals,and a lounge(起居室)with fitted carpet and armchairs.The ‘wakey,wakey’call by loudspeaker at 7 a.m. is followed by a morning music programme featuring the prisoners′ favourites.Prison authorities and staff dismiss suggestions,however,that Cornton Vale has the atmosphere of a holiday camp.‘This establishment will not be by any means a soft option,’Mr Jack Scrimgeour,director of the Scottish Prison Service,said.‘Inmates,particularly those with long sentences,will be encouraged to be self reliant and take responsibility for themselves and others.This is in many ways much more demanding than s imply serving time.’Cornton Vale is the first purpose built penal establishment wholly for women to be opened in Scotland.The 220 prisoners at Cornton Vale have single rooms,there is a medical centre and extensive playing fields.The windows look out over close cropped lawns and a goldfish pond,with a view of the Ochil Hills.Visiting day is conducted over a cup of coffee served by the WRVS(Women′s Royal Voluntary Service皇家妇女志愿服务队).During the day,most of the prisoners will be employed in three well lit,cheerfully decorated workshops,making soft toys or clothing.Their earnings——up to 90p a week—can be spent in the prison shop,in the canteen,or on a 3p hairdo.The gymnasium,which also acts as a cinema and concert hall,has facilities for table tennis,badminton,keep fit classes,and dancing.‘We try to preserve human dignity as much as possible,by imagining ourselves in the prisoner′s position,’Mrs Agnes Curran,deputy governor,said.51.Is Cornton Vale easy to escape from,according to the article?A)The article doesn′t make it clear.B)Yes.C)No,very difficult.D)No,almost impossible.52.What makes Cornton Vale different from most prisons?A)the standard of accommodationB)the attitude of the staffC)both of these thingsD)the fact that prisoners are allowed to work53.What seems to be the purpose of this prison,according to the article?A)to help prisoners get through long sentencesB)to make prisoners more demandingC)to give them a pleasant way of serving timeD)to help them become responsible and independent54.Agnes Curran seems to suggest that if you imagine yourself in the prisoner′s position_____ .A)you won′t be tempted to commit crimesB)you can preserve your dignityC)you are more likely to treat prisoners as human beingsD)you will feel happierPassage 2Sometimes I wish that Tom Jefferson were here to talk things over.I think he′d know what is on my mind.Tom lived in a time of trouble,just as we do.He knew war and the threat of war,and that unquiet sense of a nameless dread in the air.He knew what it means to go to bed at night never knowing of the things you care about will still be there in the morning.And yet,if I read my book right,nobody ever saw Tom worried.Nobody saw him scared.Nobody saw Tom anything but cheerful about the way things were going to turn out.I think of those uneasy years when Tom and other men of the Colonies were wrestling with an appalling decision:whether the people of this country were ready to stand on their own feet.We know now how right their answer was—but what made Tom so sure,back then?I think of Tom as our first Secretary of State,easy and confident that his new little republic could hold its own in the world.How did he know,back then?And I think of Tom in the White House,facing problems day and night that could mean disaster for a young country,and never doubting the outcome at all.I think I know why Tom was sure.Tom had a feeling about the people of this country.He felt that God put good stuff in them,and that freedom brought it out.He never doubted for a minute that in the plain,everyday,self respecting,unbossed men and women of America there would always be strength enough ,and wisdom enough,and courage enough to handle anything fate might deal out.And Tom meant me.And he meant you.That′s why,sometimes,I wish that Thomas Jefferson might come striding back today,with his big farmer′s shoulders and those mild grey eyes of his —back to the America that was once just an idea in his head,and to the people he believed in though t hey hadn′t yet been born.I′d like Tom to see that he wasn′t wrong.55.Thomas Jefferson wasn′t scared because _____ .A)he was very self confidentB)he had faith in the strength of a free peopleC)he knew that the colonies had huge natural resourcesD)he was very patriotic56.Thomas Jefferson felt that the best in the American people was brought out by _____ .A)challengeB)courageC)fine leadershipD)freedom57.The author draws a parallel between Thomas Jefferson′s time and _____ .A)a time of troubleB)war timeC)the futureD)the time he lives in58.The author would like Jefferson to come back _____ .A)so he could see that his ideas were rightB)to see that the American people haven′t changedC)so that he could see that freedom does bring out the best in a manD)so that he could see that all of the above statements are truePassage 3In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent,notions of male superiority are hard to maintain.The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decisions makes for equality,and this in turn leads to further sharing.In such a home,the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by co operation rather than by the “battle of the sexes.”If the process goes too far and man′s role is regarded as less important——and that has happened in some cases——we are as badly off as before,only in reverse.It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family.We are getting a little tired of “Momism”——but we don′t want to exchange it for a “neo Popism.”What we need,rather,is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals.There are signs that psychiatrists,psychologists,social workers,and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit——nor all the blame.We have a lmost given up saying that a woman′s place is in the home.We are beginning，however,to analyze man′s place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it.Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child.The family is a co operative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules,because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems.Excessive authoritarianism has unhappy consequences,whether it wears skirts or trousers,and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is pertinent not only to a healthy democracy,but also to a healthy family.59.According to the passage,notions of male superiority are _____ .A)not maintained by most American womenB)difficult to maintain in a home where the woman does most of the workC)completely alien to American mothers and fathersD)difficult to maintain in a home where household tasks are shared by the mother and father60.The danger in the sharing of household tasks by the mother and father is that _____ .A)the role of the father may become an inferior oneB)the children will grow up believing that life is a battle of the sexesC)sharing leads to masculine women and effeminate menD)the father becomes physically worn out61.Today,people who specialize in family problems _____ .A)reaffirm the belief that a woman′s place is in the homeB)would re establish the father as the autocratic ruler of the familyC)are becoming more aware of the importance of the father′s role in the familyD)believe that the mother deserves all the credit or blame for the raising of the children62.According to the author,the solution of family problems _____ .A)is best felt in the hands of social workers and specialists on the familyB)is similar in all familiesC)needs to be reached by ways unique to each familyD)is not necessary in household where sharing is donePassage 4In 1801 the Supreme Court was so weak that two Chief Justices had resigned because they couldn′t see any future in it.No one even remembered to give it a room in the new Capitol.Then they made John Marshall Chief Justice.And the court has had dignity,authority,and power ever since. John Marshall just seemed to be born with an instinct for judging.His mind cut like a Bowie knife through the unimportant things right to the heart of a case.He walked the chalkline of impartiality with a sure,unwavering step.He had only one bias…his belief that we should be the United states of America.And he was convinced that the only thing that would keep us that way was the Constitution.But in 1801 the Constitution was spanking new(崭新的), and nobody was sure what it really said.It had to be drawn up big and broad to cover a lot of territory—and that left open places in its meaning.But John Marshall tightened it up fast.In his first big case he ruled that the court could not accept the authority given it under a statute which it had declared unconstitutional.And in depriving the court of this small authority,he established a bigger one.For he had set the precedent that it was the job of the court to rule on the constitutionality of laws.And then in one brilliant decision after another John Marshall explained what our new Constitution meant when it said something.And he made his decisions so clear, and honest, and sensible that the country understood and agreed.Even today,when lawyers tell you what the Constituti on says,they will use John Marshall′s exact words.As though it understood that it wouldn′t be needed any more,the Liberty Bell cracked and went silent while tolling for John Marshall′s death.We were left in good hands…a Constitution which now spelled out our rights,and a strong,respected court to see that those rights were never tampered with.We′ve done some great things in America.But we′ve had our lucky breaks,too.And John Marshall was one of them.63.The title of this article is“He Gave Us A Rugged Constitution”.By“ruggedConstitution”the author means _____ .A)one that clearly defines our rights and obligationsB)one that is tough in its policyC)a document not easily understoodD)a set of laws that defy explanation and enforcement64.John Marshall _____ .A)gave the court dignity,authority,and powerB)“tightened up”the ConstitutionC)establish a large authority for the Supreme CourtD)did all of the above things65.One of Marshall′s most important decisions gave to the Supreme Court _____ .A)the right to rule on the constitutionality of lawsB)the right to amend the ConstitutionC)the right to revise the ConstitutionD)all of the above66.Marshall is perhaps best remembered for _____ .A)his interpretation of the ConstitutionB)his fiery speechesC)depriving the court of unwarranted authorityD)his inclusion in the Constitution of the Bill of RightsPassage 5Bond had walked for only a few minutes when it suddenly occurred to him that he was being followed.There was no evidence for it except a slight tingling of the scalp and an extra awareness of the people near him,but he had faith in his sixth sense and he at once stopped in front of the shop window he was passing and looked casually back along 46th Street.Nothing but a lot of miscellaneous people moving slowly on the sidewalks,mostly on the same side as himself,the side that was sheltered from the sun.There was no sudden movement into a doorway,nobody casually wiping his face with a handkerchief to avoid recognition,nobody bending down to tie a shoelace.Bond examined the Swiss watches in his shop window and then turned and sauntered(闲逛)on.After a few yards he stopped again.Still nothing.He went on and turned right into the Avenue of the Americas,stopping in the first doorway,the entrance to a wom en′s underwear store where a man in a tan suit with his back to him was examining the black lace pants on a particularly realistic dummy.Bond turned and leant against a pillar and gazed lazily but watchfully out into the street. And then something grip ped his pistol arm and a voice snarled:‘All right,Limey.Take it easy unless you want lead for lunch,’and he felt something press into his back just above the kidneys. What was there familiar about that voice?The Law?The Gang?Bond glanced down to see what was holding his right arm.It was a steel hook.Well,if the man had only one arm!Like lightning he swivelled,bending sideways and bringing his left fist round in a flailing blow,low down.There was a smack as his fist was caught in the other man′s lef t hand,and at the same time as the contact telegraphed to Bond′s mind that there could have been no gun,there came the well remembered laugh and the lazy voice saying:‘No good,James.The angels have got you.’Bond straightened himself slowly and for a moment he could only gaze into the grinning hawklike face of Felix Leiter with blank disbelief,his built up tension slowly relaxing.‘So you were doing a front tail,you lousy bastard,’he finally said.67.Bond stop in the doorway to the underwear shop _____ .A)to look at the man in the tan suitB)to look at the underwearC)to get out of the heatD)to see who was following him68.What is meant by “Take it easy unless you want lead for lunch”?A)You go first slowly and we′ll have lunch together.B)Take the gun gently or it will go off.C)Don′t move or I′ll shoot you.D)Put your hands up.69.Bond knew that the other man had no gun because _____ .A)he was in contact with himB)he received a messageC)he saw that the man′s hand was emptyD)he felt that the man′s hand was empty70.What does“doing a front tail”mean(last sentence)?A)walking backwardsB)“following”somebody from in frontC)hiding behind peopleD)pretending to be somebody elsePart Ⅳ English Chinese TranslationDirections: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.(15 points)Children who enter school today will be about thirty years old in 2020. Those now being educated in school are the ones who will shape the world of next century.(71) The reforms and innovations conceived today will not enter into force until a few years from now and their effects will not be felt for several decades.(72) By their very nature,every educational project and every measure taken in this field look to the future. To try to predict the possible futures of education is absolutely necessary as soon as an attempt is made to reform the existing education systems,i.e.as soon as any planning of education is undertaken.To plan means to make choices,to take out options on the future.But to plan also means to provide the necessary measures for carrying out a political intention.Any planning of education presupposes the existence of a political intention,for it is aimed at implementing a project of society.(73) To plan also means to map out a road for something towards a future which,although possible,can only be hoped for.To a large extent,the possible futures are determined by the present and by the past. The future is never completely open.‘There are several paths open to s ociety at any point of time but the choices about the future are limited by the realities of the past’.(74)The analysis of the problems to be solved and the search for possible futures go hand in hand,and together they constitute the premises for any real planning.(75) The future of education depends more on external factors than on endogenous elements in education systems.The political,economic,social and cultural contexts will determine the education of tomorrow,as they do today.These contexts will vary from area to area and from country to country. However,just as we have already found a certain similarity between educational problems everywhere in the world,it can be expected that certain developments will also be similar.There are undoubtedly general trends or weighted trends which will influence the futures of education.Their respective influence obviously depends on more general developments.Part Ⅴ Writing(15 points)Directions:A)Study the following chart carefully and write a brief report on growth of world population in no less than 120 words.B)Your report must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.C)Your report should meet the requirements below:1.Describe the rate of population growth in different periods of time.2.Give an analysis of and the reasons for this increase in the growth rate.(The followinginformation may be useful for your writing:Black Death in Europe and Asia in the 14th century;Industrial Revolution from about 1760;E.Jenner,an English physician,introduced vaccination(种痘；接种；预防注射) in about 1796)研究生入学考试模拟英语试题[10]Part I Structure and VocabularySection A(1-10)CABCCCDBDDSection B(11-20)11.正确答案为：D 改为: for12.正确答案为：B 改为: to carry13.正确答案为：C 改为: making14.正确答案为：C 改为: altering15.正确答案为：B 改为: has given16.正确答案为：D 改为: on17.正确答案为：C 改为: many18.正确答案为：A 改为: as19.正确答案为：A 改为: spare no effort20.正确答案为：C 改为: that of any otherSection C(21-40)BDABADCBCABCDCADABCDPart II Cloze Test(41-50)BCADBADBABPart III Reading Comprehension(51-70)ACDCBDDDDACCADAADCDBPart IV English Chinese Translation71.人们今天想出的种种改革和革新计划将在几年内实行，而这些改革和革新所产生的效果要过数十年才能看到。
考研英语模拟试题及答案
模拟试卷[13]Simulated Test[PREVIOUS][NEXT]Part I Structure and VocabularySection ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (5 points>b5E2RGbCAPMany foreign students come to study in theU.S.,some _____ by Fulbright scholarships, others by the U.S. government's Agency for International Development,by the Ford Foundation,and so on.A．to be supportedB．being supportedC．are supportedD．having been supportedp1EanqFDPwAdvertising can be a service to the customer.This is true when advertisements give liable information about the goods _____ .A．advertisedB．being advertisedC．to be advertisedD．having been advertisedDXDiTa9E3dThere was clearly nothing left to do but sit down on the shabby little couch and weep. _____ .A．Did so DellaB．So did DellaC．Della so didD．So Della didRTCrpUDGiTHe said it was impossible for _____ a mistake in a computer's calculation,so you can rely on that. A．there beingB．there would beC．there to beD．there was5PCzVD7HxAOf course they could not look at the elephant with their eyes,but they thought they might learn what kind of animal it was by touching and feeling. _____ ,you see,they trusted their own sense of touch very much. A．MoreoverB．ForC．NeverthelessD．BecausejLBHrnAILgA man of less courage _____ to stand up to such a complicated situation.A．would not have daredB．could not have daredC．will not dareD．did not darexHAQX74J0X_____ otherwise directed by a doctor,this medicine should be taken three times a day.A．Even ifB．UnlessC．Except thatD．AsLDAYtRyKfEMore importance needs to be given to sports,and a careful choice of _____ forms are most suitable should be made。
考研英语模拟试题及答案
考研英语模拟试题及答案Part I Listening Comprehension (30 points)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A) At a bookstore.B) At a library.C) At a lecture.D) At a post office.M: Excuse me, do you have the latest edition of "The Economist"?F: Yes, it's right over here on the new releases shelf.2. A) She is going to the doctor's.B) She is going to the dentist's.C) She is going to the hairdresser's.D) She is going to the supermarket.M: What time are you planning to leave?F: As soon as I finish this chapter, I'll head to the dentist.3. A) He is a teacher.B) He is a student.C) He is a librarian.D) He is a writer.M: I'm working on a paper for my history class.F: Well, you're in the right place. The library has a vast collection of resources.4-8. (Similar format)...Conversation 1M: I heard you're going to take the GRE next month. Are you feeling prepared?F: Yes, I am. I've been attending a prep course and doing a lot of practice tests.Questions:9. A) He is curious about her preparation.B) He is offering to help her study.C) He is asking about the exam date.D) He is surprised she is taking the exam.10. A) She is confident about her preparation.B) She is worried about the cost of the course.C) She is considering dropping out of the course.D) She is unsure about the test format.Conversation 2...Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Passage 1[Recording will describe a historical event or a scientific discovery.]11-13. (Questions based on the passage)Passage 2[Recording will describe a current social issue or a cultural phenomenon.]14-16. (Questions based on the passage)Passage 3[Recording will describe a personal story or a biographical sketch.]17-19. (Questions based on the passage)Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a longconversation or a lecture. You will hear the conversation or lecture only once. After you hear the conversation or lecture, you will read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.20-25. (Questions based on the long conversation or lecture)Part II Reading Comprehension (60 points)Section ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions that follow each text by choosing the best answer from the four options (A, B, C, and D). After reading the text, you will find questions based on the content, main idea, and details of the text.Text 1[A short passage about an environmental issue.]26. What is the main cause of the environmental issue discussed in the text?A) Industrial pollution.B) Deforestation.C) Climate change.D) Agricultural runoff.27. What is the primary solution proposed by the author?A) Stricter regulations on factories.B) Reforestation efforts.C) International cooperation.D) Public awareness campaigns.Text 2[A short passage about a technological innovation.]28-31. (Questions based on the text)Text 3[A short passage about a historical figure.]32-35. (Questions based on the text)Text 4[A short passage about an economic theory.]36-39. (Questions based on the text)Section BDirections: The following texts are of a more complex nature. After reading each text, answer the questions that follow.You may choose the best answer from the four options (A, B, C, and D).Text 5[A more complex passage about a social issue.]40. What is the author's opinion on the social issue?A) It is a pressing concern that requires immediate action.。
考研英语模拟试卷(附答案及详解)
考研英语模拟试卷（附答案及详解）一、完形填空directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the one that best fits into the passage and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheetwith a single line through the centre.In recent years, the concept of "worklife balance" has gained increasing attention. Many people are trying hard to achieve a balance between their work and personal life. However, it is not an easy task for everyone. The following passage discusses some tips on how to (1) __________ this balance.First and foremost, it is important to set clearpriorities. You need to know what is (2) __________ to youand allocate your time accordingly. If your family is yourtop priority, then you should be willing to (3) __________your work schedule to spend more time with them.Secondly, learn to say no. In today's fastpaced world, it is easy to be overwhelmed various tasks and responsibilities. However, you should not (4) __________ to take on more work than you can handle. By saying no, you are actually (5)__________ your time and energy for more important things.Lastly, don't forget to take care of yourself. Engaging in regular exercise, maintaining a healthy diet, and getting enough sleep are essential for (8) __________ your work performance and personal wellbeing.By following these tips, you will be better equipped to (9) __________ the challenges of maintaining a worklife balance. Remember, it is a continuous process, and you need to (10) __________ and adjust your strategies accordingly.二、阅读理解Section ADirections: In this section, there are four passages followed ten questions or unfinished statements. For each question or statement, there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage 1The importance of reading cannot be overstated. It is a fundamental skill that can enhance our knowledge, expand our horizons, and even improve our mental health. The following passage discusses the benefits of reading and how to incorporate it into our daily lives.Passage 2三、翻译Section BDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in brackets.1. 随着互联网的普及，信息传播速度越来越快。
考研英语一模拟试题及答案解析(10)
考研英语一模拟试题及答案解析（10）(1~20/共20题)完形填空Euthanasia has been a topic of controversy in Europe since at least 1936.@On an average of six times a day, a doctor in Holland practices active euthanasia __1__ administering a lethal drug to a __2__ ill patient who has asked to be relieved __3__ suffering. Twenty times a day, life prolonging treatment is withheld or withdrawn __4__ there is no hope that it can __5__ an ultimate cure. Active euthanasia remains a crime on the Dutch statute books, punishable __6__ 12 years in prison. But a series of court cases over the past 15 years has made it clear that a competent physician who __7__ it out will not be prosecuted.Euthanasia, often called mercy killing, is a crime everywhere in Western Europe. __8__ more and more doctors and nurses in Britain, Germany, Holland and elsewhere readily __9__ to practicing it, most often in the passive form of withholding or withdrawing__10__. The long simmering euthanasia issue has lately __11__ into a sometimes fierce public debate, __12__ both sides claiming the mantle of ultimate righteousness. Those __13__ to the practice see themselves __14__ sacred principles of respect for life, __15__ those in favor raise the banner of humane treatment. After years __16__ the defensive, the advocates now seem to be __17__ ground. Recent polls in Britain show that 72 percent of British __18__ favor euthanasia in some circumstances. An astonishing 76 percent of __19__ to a poll taken late last year in France said they would like the law changed to __20__ mercy killings. Obviously, pressure groups favoring euthanasia and assisted suicide have grown steadily in Europe over the years.Noteseuthanasia 安乐死lethal 致命的statute book 法典prosecute 起诉simmering 处于沸腾的状态mantle 重任，责任第1题A.incidentallyB.intentionallyC.intermittentlyD.intensely第2题A.terminallyB.finallyC.eventuallyD.ultimately第3题A.againstB.offC.ofD.out of第4题A.thoughB.whenC.thatD.since第5题A.effectB.affectC.resultD.execute第6题A.forB.inC.toD.by第7题A.worksB.savesC.carriesD.rescues第8题A.BecauseB.HenceC.AndD.But第9题A.admitB.allegeC.approveD.adopt第10题A.cureB.treatmentC.operationD.remedy第11题A.smoothed overB.boiled overC.broke downD.burst out第12题A.due toB.atC.forD.with第13题A.rejectedB.objectedC.respondedD.opposed第14题A.abandoningB.confirmingC.upholdingD.upgrading第15题A.whileB.whenC.asD.or第16题A.inB.forC.onD.against第17题A.supportingB.reinforcingC.maintainingD.gaining第18题A.patientsB.subjectsC.residentsD.physicians第19题A.officialsB.citizensC.respondentsD.interviewers第20题A.refuseB.evaluateC.decriminalizeD.counter下一题(21~25/共20题)Section ⅡReadingPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Of all the areas of learning the most important is the development of attitudes, emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior of most people. The burnt child fears the fire is one instance; another is the rise of despots like Hitler. Both these examples also point up the fact that attitudes come from experience. In the one case the experience was directand impressive; in the other it was indirect and cumulative. The Nazis were influenced largely by the speeches they heard and the books they read.The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in a strategic position to influence attitudes. This is true partly because children acquire attitudes from those adults whose words are highly regarded by them.Another reason it is true is that pupils often devote their time to a subject in school that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly never occurred to them before. To a child who had previously acquired, little knowledge of Mexico his teachers method of handling such a unit would greatly affect his attitude toward Mexicans.The media through which the teacher can develop wholesome attitudes are innumerable. Social studies (with special reference to races, creeds and nationalities), science matters of health and safety, the very atmosphere of the classroom.., these are a few of the fertile fields for the inculcation of proper emotional reactions.However, when children go to school with undesirable attitudes, it is unwise for the teacher to attempt to change their feelings by cajoling or scolding them. She can achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain constructive experiences.To illustrate, first-grade pupils afraid of policemen will probably alter their attitudes after a classroom chat with the neighborhood officer in which he explains how he protects them. In the same way, a class of older children can develop attitudes through discussion, research, outside reading and all-day trips.Finally, a teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitudes, because her influence can be negative if she has personal prejudices. This is especially true in respect to controversial issues and questions on which children should be encouraged to reach their own decision as a result of objective analysis of all the facts.Notespoint up (=emphasize)强调，突出touch upon 触及到creed 信条，教义inculcation 谆谆教诲cajoling 哄骗第21题Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the textA.An assertion is made and two examples are given to illustrate it.B.A controversy is stated and two opposite points of view are presented.C.A widely accepted definition is presented and two men are described.D.An idea is stated and two results of recent research are summarized.第22题The central idea conveyed in the above text is thatA.attitudes affect our actions.B.teachers play a significant role in developing or reshaping pupils attitudes.C.attitudes can be modified by some classroom experiences.D.by their attitudes, teachers dont affect pupils attitudes deliberately.第23题In paragraph 6 the author implies thatA.the teacher should guide all discussions by revealing her own attitude.B.in some aspects of social studies a greater variety of methods can be used in the upper grades than in the lower grades.C.people usually act on the basis of reasoning rather than on emotion.D.childrens attitudes often come from those of other children.第24题A statement not made or implied in the text is thatA.attitudes can be based on the learning of untrue statements.B.worthwhile attitudes may be developed in practically every subject area.C.attitudes cannot easily be changed by rewards and lectures.D.the attitudes of elementary school-aged children are influenced primarily by the way they were treated as infants.第25题The text specially states thatA.direct experiences are more valuable than indirect ones.B.whatever attitudes a child learns in school have already been introduced at home.C.teachers can sometimes have an unwholesome influence on children.D.teachers should always conceal their own attitudes.上一题下一题(26~30/共20题)Section ⅡReadingPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)If the opinion polls are to be believed, most Americans are coming to trust their government more than they used to. The habit has not yet spread widely among American Indians, who suspect an organization which has so often patronized them, lied to them and defrauded them. But the Indians may soon win a victory in a legal battle that epitomizes those abuses.Elouise Cobell, a banker who also happens to be a member of the Blackfeet tribe in Montana, is the leading plaintiff in a massive class-action suit against the government. At issue is up to $10 billion in trust payments owed to some 500,000 Indians. The suit revolves around Individual Indian Money (11M) accounts that are administered by the Interior Departments Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). Back in the 1880s, the government divided more than 11m acres of tribal land into parcels of 80 to 160 acres that were assigned to individual Indians. Because these parcels were rarely occupied by their new owners, the government assumed responsibility for managing them. As the Indians trustee, it leased the land out for grazing, logging, mining and oil drilling—but it was supposed to distribute the royalties to the Indian owners.In fact, officials admit that royalties have been lost or stolen. Records were destroyed and the government lost track of which Indians owned what land. The plaintiffs say that money is owing to 500,000 Indians, but even the government accepts a figure of about 300,000. For years, Cobell heard Indians complain of not getting payment from the government for the oil-drilling and ranching leases on their land. But nothing much got done. She returned to Washington and, after a brush-off from government lawyers, filed the suit.Gale Norton, George Bushes interior secretary was charged with contempt in November because her department had failed to fix the problem. In December, Judge Lam berth ordered the interior Department to shut down all its computers for ten weeks because trustfund records were vulnerable to hackers. The system was partly restored last month and payments to some Indians, which had been interrupted, resumed.And that is not the end of it. Ms. Norton has proposed the creation of a new Bureau of IndianTrust Management, separate from the BIA. Indians are cross that she suggested this without consulting them. Some want the trust funds to be placed in receivership, under a neutral supervisor. Others have called for Congress to establish an independent commission, including Indians, to draw up a plan for reforming the whole system. A messy injustice may at last be getting sorted out.第26题Elouise Cobell criticized the Interior Departments BIA forA.its leasing land out for exploitation.B.its distribution of money collected.C.its supposed misconduct of abuses.D.its reaction to a massive action.第27题When mentioning the government accepts a figure of about 300,000, the writer is trying to illustrateA.lies and defraud to which American Indians are exposed.B.the strong confidence American Indians have in their government.C.doubts about government as shown in the opinion polls.D.the arrogance as displayed by government officials as a whole.第28题Which of the following is TRUE according the textA.Trust funds have been placed in the hands of American Indians.B.American Indians should become increasingly vocal for justice.C.Payments owed to American Indian have been indefinitely delayed.D.BIA reaped great rewards by deliberately destroying trust-fund records.第29题It seems that the write is very critical ofA.American Indians in a class-action.B.officials who are in charge of the suit.ernment agencies at all levels.D.those who have the land over-developed.第30题From the text, we can see that the writers overall attitude towards the issue seems to beA.sensitive.B.gloomy.C.optimistic.D.scared.上一题下一题(31~35/共20题)Section ⅡReadingPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Pronouncing a language is a skill. Every normal person is expert in the skill of pronouncing his own language, but few people are even moderately proficient at pronouncing foreign languages.Now there are many reasons for this, some obvious, some perhaps not so obvious. But I suggest that the fundamental reason why people in general do not speak foreign languages very much better than they do is that they fail to grasp the true nature of the problem of learning to pronounce, and consequently never set about tackling it in the right way. Far too many people fail to realize that pronouncing a foreign language is a skill, one that needs careful training of a special kind, and one that cannot be acquired by just leaving it to take care of itself. I think even teachers of language, while recognizing the importance of a good accent, tend to neglect, in their practical teaching, the branch of study concerned with speaking the language.So the first point I want to make is that English pronunciation must be taught; the teacher should be prepared to devote some of the lesson time to this, and by his whole attitude to the subject should get the student to feel that here is a matter worthy of receiving his close attention. So there should be occasions when other aspects of English, such as grammar or spelling, are allowed for the moment to take second place.Apart from this question of the time given to pronunciation, there are two other requirements for the teacher the first, knowledge; the second, technique.It is important that the teacher should be in possession of the necessary information. This can generally be obtained from books. It is possible to get from books some idea of the mechanics of speech, and of what we call general phonetic theory. It is also possible in this way to get a clear mental picture of the relationship between the sounds of different languages, between the speech habits of English people and those, say, of your students. Unless the teacher has such a picture, any comments he may make on his students pronunciation are unlikely to be of much use, and lesson time spent on pronunciation may well be time-wasted.But it does not follow that you can teach pronunciation successfully as soon as you have read the necessary books. It depends, after that, on what use you make of your knowledge, and this is a matter of technique.Now the first and most important part of a language teachers technique is his own performance, his ability to demonstrate the spoken language, in every detail of articulation as well as in fluent speaking, so that the students latent capacity for imitation is given the fullest scope and encouragement. The teacher, then, should be as perfect a model in this respect as he can make himself. And to supplement his own performance, however satisfactory this may be, the modern teacher has at his disposal recordings, radio, television and video, to supply the authentic voices of native speakers, or, if the teacher happens to be a native speaker himself or speaks just like one, then to vary the method of presenting the language material.Notesset about 着手，试图articulation 发音latent 潜在的，不明显的at ones disposal供某人任意支配使用authentic真实的，真正的第31题What does the writer actually say about pronouncing foreign languagesA.Only a few people are really proficient.B.No one is really an expert in the skill.C.There arent many people who are even fairly good.D.There are even some people who are moderately proficient.第32题The writer argues that going about the problem of pronunciation in the wrong way isA.an obvious cause of not grasping the problem correctly.B.a fundamental consequence of not speaking well.C.a consequence of not grasping the problem correctly.D.not an obvious cause of speaking poorly.第33题What is it that teachers are said to be inclined to forgetA.The practical teaching of languages.B.The importance of a good accent.C.The principle of phonetic theory.D.The teaching of pronunciation in the classroom.第34题The value the student puts on correct speech habits depends uponA.how closely he attends to the matter.B.whether it is English that is being taught.C.his teachers approach to pronunciation.D.the importance normally given to grammar and spelling.第35题According to the text, in relation to someone teaching his own language to foreigners, audio-visual aids canpletely replace his own teaching performance.B.provide alternative samples of native speech.C.help to improve teaching quality to a great extent.D.provide a perfect model for language students to follow.上一题下一题(36~40/共20题)Section ⅡReadingPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the United States unprecedented opportunities—as well as new and significant risks. Civil right activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack of access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies. Now Congress, in apparent agreement, has required by law that businesses awarded federal contracts of more than $500, 000 do their best to find minority subcontractors and record their efforts to do so on forms filed with the government, Indeed, some federal and local agencies have gone so far as to set specific percentage goals for apportioning parts of public works contracts to minority enterprises.Corporate response appears to have been substantial. According to figures collected in 1977, the total of corporate contracts with minority businesses rose from $77 million in 1972 to 1.1 billion in 1977. The projected total of corporate contracts with minority businesses for the early 1980s is estimated to be over $3 billion per year with no letup anticipated in the next decade.Promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased patronage poses dangers for them, too. First, minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending themselves financially, since most are small concerns and, unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantialinvestment in new plants, staff, equipment and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses. The world of corporate purchasing can be frustrating for small entrepreneurs who get requests for elaborate formal estimates and bids. Both consume valuable time and resources, and a small companys efforts must soon result in orders, or both the morale and the financial health of the business will suffer.A second risk is that White owned companies may seek to cash in on the increasing apportionment through formation of joint ventures with minority-owned concerns. Of course, in many instances there are legitimate reasons for joint ventures; clearly, White and minority enterprises can team up to acquire business that neither could acquire alone. But civil right groups and minority business owners have complained to Congress about minorities being set up as fronts with White backing, rather than being accepted as full partners in legitimate joint ventures.Third, a minority enterprise that secures the business of one large corporate customer often runs the danger of becoming and remaining dependent. Even in the best of circumstances, fierce competition from larger, more established companies makes it difficult for small concerns to broaden their customer bases; when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate benefactor, they may truly have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success.Notescivil rights activists 公民权利激进分子Hispanics 西班牙后裔美国人sizable orders 大额订单subcontract 转包合同on forms filed with the government 在政府存档备案percentage goals 指标apportionment 分配，分派public works 市政工程letup 减弱，缓和promising as it is... 这是as引导的上步状语从句，表语倒装了patronage 优惠concern n. 公司and the like 以及诸如此类的crippling fixed expenses 引起损失的固定开支the world of 大量的bid 投标to cash in on ...靠......赚钱team up 一起工作, 合作fronts 此处意为摆门面Complacency 自满第36题The primary purpose of the text is toA.present a commonplace idea and its inaccuracies.B.describe a situation and its potential drawbacks.C.propose a temporary solution to a problem.D.analyze a frequent source of disagreement.第37题According to the text, civil rights activists maintain that one disadvantage under which minority-owned businesses have traditionally had to labor is that they haveA.been especially vulnerable to government mismanagement of the economy.B.been denied bank loans at rates comparable to those afforded larger competitors.C.not had sufficient opportunity to secure business created by large corporations.D.not been able to advertise in those media that reach large numbers of potential customers.第38题The text suggests that the failure of a large business to have its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might cause it toA.experience frustration but not serious financial harm.B.have to record its efforts on forms filed with the government.C.increase its spending with minority subcontractors.D.revise its procedure for making bids for federal contracts and subcontracts.第39题The author implies that a minority-owned concern that does the greater part of its business with one large corporate customer shouldA.avoid competition with larger, more established concerns by not expanding.B.concentrating on securing even more business from that corporation.e its influence with the corporation to promote subcontracting with other minority concerns.D.try to expand its customer bases to avoid becoming dependent on the corporation.第40题According to the organization of the text, it most likely appeared inA.a business magazine.B.an accounting textbook.C.a dictionary of financial terms.D.a yearbook of business statistics.上一题下一题(41~45/共5题)Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.[A] Two kinds of ground strength tests are carried out.[B] To solve all these problems the aircraft industry has a large number of research workers, with superior laboratories and test houses; and new materials to give the best strength in relation to weight are constantly being tested.[C] It is easy for a plane to pass all the tests in order to fly legally.[D] There are two main things that make aircraft engineering difficult: the need to make every component as reliable as possible and the need to build everything as light as possible.[E] When a plane has passed all the tests it can get a government certificate of airworthiness, without which it cannot be legally flown, except for test flying.[F] Given a certain power of engine, and consequently a certain fuel consumption, there is a practical limit to the total weight of aircraft that can be made to fly.[G] The structure of the aircraft has to be as small and light as possible.__41__. That fact that an airplane is up in the air and cannot stop if anything goes wrong makes it perhaps a matter of life or death that its performance is absolutely dependable.__42_. Out of that weight as much as possible is wanted for fuel, radio instruments, passenger seats or freight room, and, of course, the passengers or freight themselves. So the structure of the aircraft has to be as small and light as safety and efficiency will allow. The designer must calculate the normal load that each part will bear. This specialist is called the "stress man". He takes account of any unusual stress that may be put on the part as a precaution against errors in manufacture, accidental damage, etc. This stress man´s calculations go to the designer of the part, and he must make it as strong as the stress man says. One or two samples are always tested to prove that they are as strong as the designer intended. Each separate part is tested, then a whole assembly—for example, a complete wing, and finally the whole airplane. When a new typeof airplane is being made, normally only one of the first three made will be flown. Two will be destroyed on the ground in structural tests. The third will be tested in the air.__43__. The first is to find the resistance to loading of the wings, tail, etc. until they reach their maximum load and collapse. The other test is for fatigue strength. Relatively small loads are applied thousands of times. Each may be well under what the structure could stand as a single load, but many repetitions can result in collapse. One form of this test is done on the passenger cabin. It is filled with air at high pressure as for high altitude flying and completely submerged in a large tank of water while the test is going on. The surrounding water prevents the cabin from bursting like a bomb if there is a failure.__44__.Making the working parts reliable is as difficult as making the structure strong enough. The flying controls, the electrical equipment, etc. must not only be light in weight, but must work both at high altitudes where the temperature may be below the freezing point and in the hot air of an airfield in the tropics.__45__.第41题第42题第43题第44题第45题上一题下一题(46~50/共5题)Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)(46) But behind the deal is another Hewlett-Packard ambition to extend the reach of its dominant printing and imaging division, which registered $ 20 billion in sales this year, 43 percent of the companys revenue. In the last two decades, Hewlett-Packard built itself into the worlds largest vendor of desktop printers. It had done so under th6 command of Richard A. Hackbom, now a Hewlett-Packard board member and a leading advocate of the merger.(47)Today, the company tests so many printers, inks and papers that if one could stack up all the test sheets printed during an average month, the pile would reach 6,000 feet.(48)The printer division is widely regarded as the companys crown jewel, but how Hewlett car best exploit it is a matter of dispute. Walter Hewlett, the oldest son of the companys co-founder, and other critics of the Compaq acquisition argue that the deal will dilute the printing business by burying it in an even larger, slower-moving computer company. The divisions, $2 billion in operating profits this year propped up Hewlett-Packards sagging computer business, which lost $450 million.(49)Some analysts have advocated that instead of merging to become a larger company, Hewlett-Packard should sell off its other businesses and focus on selling more printers and imaging devices like digital cameras and scanners, which increase sales of ink cartridges and paper. The company, however, says it has no intention of narrowing its scope. Instead, proponents of the merger say the acquisition will fix Hewletts computing business, freeing up more research and development money for the printing division to tackle new markets, like the $400-billion-a-year commercial printing business. Hewlett-Packard wants to drive this transition to digital publishing, much as IBM, through a combination of products and services, helped businesses push into online sales in the late1990s.(50)If the strategy is successful, it would result in a surge in digital files that would stimulate sales of the powerful computing systems needed to create, store and move the files. To do that, Hewlett-Packard argues, it must become larger and stronger. The bigger it is, the more influence it will have on corporate technology managers.第46题_____第47题________第48题________第49题_______第50题_________上一题下一题(1/1)Section ⅢWritingPart ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information.(10points)第51题Your former student Fang Gang will go to Chicago for post-graduate studies, and you are kind to write an introduction letter to your friend Mr. Wang in Chicago to tell him1. Fangs information;2. the reason for introduction;3. hope for meeting.You should write about 100 words, do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Tang instead. You do not need to write the address.___________上一题下一题(1/1)Part BDirections: Write an essay of 160 - 200 words based on the following information. (20 points)第52题Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)图片_________________上一题交卷交卷答题卡答案及解析(1~20/共20题)完形填空Euthanasia has been a topic of controversy in Europe since at least 1936.@On an average of six times a day, a doctor in Holland practices active euthanasia __1__ administering a lethal drug to a __2__ ill patient who has asked to be relieved __3__ suffering. Twenty times a day, life prolonging。
2023年考研外语模拟试题10
考研外语模拟试题10一、Use of English1、 At the beginning of the century, medical scientists madea surprising discovery: that we are (1)_____ not just of flesh and blood but also of time. They were able to (2)_____ that we all have an internal "body clock" which (3)_____ the rise and fall of our body energies, making us different from one day to the (5)_____. These forces became known as biorhythms: they create the (5)_____ in our everyday life.The (6)_____ of an internal "body clock" should not be too surprising, (7)_____ the lives of most living things are dominated by the 24-hour night-and-day cycle. The most obvious (8)_____ of this cycle is the (9)_____ we feel tired and fall asleep at night and become awake and (10)_____ during the day.(11)_____ the 24-hour rhythm is interrupted, most people experience unpleasant side effects.(12)_____, international aeroplane travelers often experience "jet lag" when traveling across time (13)_____. People who are not used to (14)_____ work can find that lack of sleep affects their work performance.(15)_____ the daily rhythm of sleeping and waking, we also have other rhythms which (16)_____.longer than one day and which influence wide areas of our lives. Most of us would agree that we feel good on (17)_____ days and net so good on others. Sometimes we are (18)_____ fingers and thumbs but on other days we have excellent coordination. There are times when we appear to be accident-prone, or when our temper seems to be on a short fuse. Isn't it also strange (19)_____ ideas seem to flow on some days but at other times are (20)_____ nonexistent? Musicians, painters and writers often talk about "dry spells".A.builtB.shapedC.moldedD.grown2、(2)A.demonstrateB.illustrateC.presentD.propose3、(3)A.designatesB.fluctuatesC.calculatesD.regulates4、(4)A.secondtterC.otherD.next5、(5)A.ups and "down"B.goods and "bads"C.pros and "cons"D.highs and "lows"6、(6)B.ideaC.expressionD.image7、(7)A.unlessB.whenC.sinceD.although8、(8)A.natureB.characterC.featureD.fact9、(9)A.modeB.wayC.formD.fashion10、(10)A.watchfulB.readyC.alertD.attentive11、(11)A.AsB.BecauseC.ThoughD.If12、(12)A.Of courseB.For exampleC.In consequenceD.In particular13、(13)A.zonesB.areasC.beltsD.sphere14、(14)A.changeB.shiftC.transferD.alternative15、(15)A.Instead ofB.Rather thanC.As well asD.In comparison with16、(16)stB.moveC.liveD.survive17、(17)A.manyB.severalC.someD.most18、(18)A.allB.partlyC.seldomD.often19、(19)A.whenB.howC.thatD.which20、(20)A.particularlyB.specificallyC.apparentlyD.virtually二、Reading Comprehension1、Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)Say the word bacteria, and most folks conjure up images of a nasty germ like staphylococcus or salmonella that can make you really sick. But most bacteria aren't bad for you. In fact, consuming extra amounts of some bacteria can actually promote good health. These beneficial bacteria are available without a prescription in drug and health-food stores and in foods like yogurt. So far, the best results have been seen in the treatment of diarrhea, particularly in children. But re searchers are also looking into the possibility that beneficial bacteria may thwart vaginal infections in women, prevent some food allergies in children and lessen symptoms of Crohn's disease, a relatively rare but painful gastrointestinal disorder.So where have these good germs been lurking all your life? In your intestines, especially the lower section called the colon, which harbors at least 400 species of bacteria. Which ones you have depends largely on your environment and diet. An abundance of good bacteria in the colon generally crowds out stray bad bacteria in your food. But if the bad outnumber the good—for example, after antibiotic treatment for a sinus or an earinfection, which kills normal intestinal germs as well—the result can be diarrhea.For generations, people have restored the balance by eating yogurt, buttermilk or other products made from fermented milk. But nowadays, you can also down a few pills that contain freeze-dried germs. These preparations are called probiotics to distinguish them from antibiotics. Unfortunately, you can't always be sure that the bacteria in the products you buy are the same strains as those listed on the label or even that they're still alive. Probiotics are usually sensitive to both heat and moisture. Among the most promising and most thoroughly researched probiotics is the GG strain of Laetobacillus, discovered by Dr. Sherwood Gorbach and biochemist Barry Goldin, both at Tufts University School of Medicine. L-GG, as it's called, has been used to treat traveler's diarrhea and intestinal upsets caused by antibiotics. Even more intriguing, L-GG also seems to work against some viruses, including rotavirus, one of the most common causes of diarrhea in children in the U.S. and around the world. Here the effect is indirect. Somehow L-GG jump-starts the immune system into recognizing the threat posed by the virus.Pediatricians at Johns Hopkins are studying a different bug,the Bb-12 strain of Bifidobacterium, which was discovered by researchers at CHR Hansen Biosystems. Like L-GG, Bb-12 stimulates the immune system. For reasons that are not dear, infants who are breast-fed have large amounts of bifidobacteria in their intestines. They also have fewer intestinal upsets. Dr. Jose Saavedra and colleagues at Hopkins have shown that Bb-12 prevents several types of diarrhea, including that caused by rotavirus, in hospitalized infants as young as four months. It has also been used to cure diarrhea in children of all ages. What the author mainly intends to say in the first paragraph is ______.A.that nasty germs can make you really sickB.that the word bacteria doesn't refer to the germs which make people sickC.the beneficial effects that most bacteria may produce on human bodyD.the possibility that beneficial bacteria may stop vaginal infections in women2、According to this passage, ______may result in the imbalance of bacteria in your intestines.A.antibiotic treatment for an ear infectionB.taking pills which contain freeze-dried germsC.eating yogurt or buttermilkD.eating products made from fermented milk3、It isn't said in the passage that L-GG can be used to ______.A.lessen symptoms of Crohn's diseaseB.fight against rotavirusC.treat traveler's diarrheaD.treat intestinal upsets caused by antibiotics4、The word "intriguing" in paragraph 3 refers to ______.A.tractableB.dauntlessC.heroicD.appealing5、This passage is mainly about ______.A.the definition of bacteriaB.health germsC.probioticsD.probiotics versus antibiotics6、A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, asa rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic impulses. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not.Aggressive, destructive, sadistic impulses every child has and, on the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seen is to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are, I think, well-authenticated cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy stories. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of the fear faced and mastered. There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc., do not exist; and that,instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confess, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girl-friend.No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no sane child has ever believed that it was.The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is ______.A.repeated without variationB.treated with reverenceC.adapted by the parentD.set in the present7、Some people dislike fairy stories because they feel that they ______.A.tempt people to be cruel to childrenB.show the primitive cruelty in childrenC.lend themselves to undesirable experiments with childrenD.increase a tendency to sadism in children8、Fairy stories are a means by which children's impulses may be ______.A.beneficially channeledB.given a destructive tendencyC.held back until maturityD.effectively suppressed9、The advantage claimed for repeating fairy stories to young children is that it ______.A.makes them come to term with their fearsB.develops their power of memoryC.convinces them there is nothing to be afraid ofD.encourages them not to have ridiculous beliefs10、The author's mention of broomsticks and telephones is meant to suggest that ______.A.fairy stories are still being made upB.there is confusion about different kinds of truthC.people try to modernise old fairy storiesD.there is more concern for children's fears nowadays11、When the first white men arrived in Samoa, they found blind men, who could see well enough to describe things in detail just by holding their hands over objects. In France, Jules Roman tested hundreds of blind people and found a few who could tell the difference between light and dark. He narrowed their photosensitivity(感光灵敏度) down to areas on the nose or in the finger tips. In 1960 a medical board examined a girl in Virginia and found that, even with thick bandages over her eyes, she was able to distinguish different colours and read short sections of large print.Rosa Kuleshova, a young woman in the Urals, can see with her fingers. She is not blind, but because she grew up in a family of blind people, she learned to read Braille to help them and then went on to teach herself to do other things with her hands. She was examined by the Soviet Academy of Science, and proved to be genuine, Shaefer made an intensive study with her and found that, securely blindfolded with only her arms stuck through a screen, she could tell the difference between three primary colours. To test the possibility that the cards reflected heat differently, he heated some and cooled others without affecting her response to them. He also found that she could read newsprint under glass, so texture was giving her noclues. She was able to identify the colour and shape of patches of light projected on to her palm or on to a screen. In rigidly controlled tests, with a blindfold and a screen and a piece of card around her neck so wide that she could not see round it, Rosa read the small print in a newspaper with her elbow. And, in the most convincing demonstration of all, she repeated these things with someone standing behind her pressing hard on her eyeballs. Nobody can cheat under this pressure.The first white men to visit Samoa found people who ______.A.were not entirely blindB.described things by touching themC.could see with their handsD.could see when they hold out their hands12、From the first paragraph we can learn that ______.A.very few people have the sensitivity of the blind'B.blind people can manage to see things, but not clearlyC.not everybody sees with his eyesD.it is possible to narrow the photosensitive areas of the body13、Why did Shaefer put the paper under glass?A.To prevent Rosa from feeling the print.B.To stop the reflection of heat.C.To make things as difficult as possible.D.To stop her from cheating.14、Which of the following makes the demonstration most persuasive?A.To read through glass, blindfolded.B.To identify the collor and shape of light on a screen while securely blindfolded.C.To carry out the test with someone pressing on her eyeballs.D.To work from behind a screen, blindfolded and with a card round her neck.15、Which of the following statements is true?A.The men in Samoa were not quite blind.B.A girl called Virginia could read newsprint even when she was blindfolded.C.Rosa's ability to see was confined to her fingers.D.The result of the last test on Rosa was least doubtable.16、The U.S. government has recently helped people learn more about the dangers of earthquakes by publishing a map. This map shows the chances of an earthquake in each part of the country.The areas of the map where government is spending a great deal of money and is working hard to help discover the answer to these two questions:1. Can we predict earthquakes?2. Can we control earthquakes?To answer the first question, scientists are looking very closely at the most active fault systems in the country, such as the San Andreas Fault in California. A fault is a break between two sections of the earth's surface. These breaks between sections are the places where earthquakes occur. Scientists look at the faults for changes which might show that an earthquake was about to occur. But it will probably be many years before we can predict earthquakes accurately and the control of earthquakes is even farther away.Nevertheless, there have been some interesting developments in the field of controlling earthquakes. The most interesting development concerns the Rocky Mountain Arsenal earthquakes. Here water was pat into a layer of rocks 4,000 metres below the surface of the ground. Shortly after this injection of water, there was a small number of earthquakes. Scientists have decided that the water which was injected into the rocks worked like oil on each other. When the water" oiled" the fault, thefault became slippery and the energy of an earthquake was released.Scientists are still experimenting at the site of these earthquakes. They have realized that there is a connection between the injection of the water and the earthquake activity. They have suggested that it might be possible to use this knowledge to prevent very big, destructive earthquakes, that is, scientists could inject some kind of fluid like water into faults and change one big earthquake into a number of small, harmless earthquakes.Earthquake belts are ______.A.maps that show where earthquakes are likely to occurB.zones with a high probability of earthquakesC.breaks between two sections of the earth's surfaceD.the two layers of earth along a fault17、The San Andreas Fault is ______.A.an active fault systemB.a place where earthquakes have been predicted accuratelyC.a place where earthquakes have been controlledD.the location of the Rocky Mountain18、What did scientists learn about earthquakes at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal?A.They occur at about 4,000 metres below ground level.B.The injection of water into earthquake faults prevents earthquakes from occurring.C.They are usually caused by the oil in the faults.D.Harmful earthquakes earl be possibly prevented by causing small, harmless earthquakes.19、What can be said about the experiments at Rocky Mountain Arsenal?A.They have no practical value in earthquake prevention.B.They may have practical value in earthquake prevention.C.They are certain to have practical value in earthquake prevention.D.The article does not say anything about their practical value in earthquake prevention.20、What is the most appropriate title for the passage?A.Dangers of Earthquakes.B.Earthquake Belts and Prediction.C.Earthquake Prediction and Control.D.Earthquake Engineering in California.21、Part B (10 points)In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、B、C、D、E、F、G……) to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are several extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. (10 points)If the 20th century has been the American century, then there are plenty of people saying watch this space: the twenty first century will be different. The distinguishing characteristic of the post-cold-war world is that there is only one super power.(41)______.The military muscle-flexing we have seen from China over the last few years could be an indication of how things are likely to go, although it has to be said that to many people's surprise the Chinese have been quite constructive over East Timor. But I think we must assume that the main struggle in the 21st century will be with China, already the world's largest nation. Happily, the Chinese seem to have no global pretensions. One can't see them interfering in some far-distant conflict, and in both military and economic terms they are still light years behind America.(42)______.Europe is already the largest trading block in the world, (43)______. It's worth remembering that while Europe spends 60 percent of what the USA does in defence, it has only 10 percent of the Americans' firepower.In the Middle East, in a relatively short space of time, bubbling conflicts have moved closer to resolution. The Arab Israeli dispute has been reduced to its core essentials, while agreement between Syria and Israel remains the strategic prize for peace. Iran is undergoing a slow transformation but the outstanding political issue here is Iraq and Saddam Hussein's extraordinary survival. The international community remains bitterly divided about what to do.Africa, I fear, is going to remain a disaster area, simply because it does not figure on people's mental maps. Currently there is war raging in six countries around the Congo, yet there's very little sense the international community will do anything about it. There is, though, some good news. If you look back a year ago to Algeria, it was drowning in its own blood. Now it seems to be back on the right track.(44)______. For many years the non-proliferation regime actually worked surprisingly well, but India and Pakistan goingnuclear has been a great blow to the status quo. And now there are new biological and chemical weapons—undreamed-of horrors—not to mention the whole legacy of the cold war which hasn't been cleaned up, such as Russian nuclear waste in the Arctic.The fundamental problem is that there are countries that are simply being left behind by the onward march of globalization. Global issues such as the environment and drugs—and perhaps even human rights—are going to come much more to the fore.(45)______.A. It is called to be an economic giant, especially when the euro has been issued.B. but while the euro could help it become an economic giant, and even challenge the dollar, it looks likely to re main a political and military pygmy.C. And there's only one candidate on the horizon to challenge the US—China.D. As the world shrinks, so we shall have an increasing sense of the need for an international humanitarian order. Globalization may be a good thing, but it has a dark underbelly.E. Russia is a powerful country which owns military superiorityF. We must also assume the continued decline of Russia. It showshow far things have gone (and how quickly) when what was once the second most powerful country in the world is being battered by Islamic rebels from the Caucasus. Now we have a Russian state which simply cannot cope.G. I do think arms control will be a big item on the agenda in future.22、(42)23、(43)24、(44)25、(45)26、Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) What does it say about a society that outsources the last years and moments of life to a clinical setting that is neither loving, nor particularly caring?(46)More succinctly, what does it say about us when we ship our parents off to nursing homes instead of caring for them, in the toughest times, at home?As we grow older, we all face life in different ways. (47)We all see, upon occasion, the ravages of disease and the frailty and indomitable spirit of our humanness as loved ones struggleto face their own aging. Parkinsons, dementia, Alzheimer's, cancer, strokes and other ailments take loved ones, issuing a summons to the younger generation to respond. How we respond tells us who we really are and what we are made of. Dispirited by the seemingly shallow "caring" of medical facilities like "nursing homes", many Americans are embracing "home care". And the benefits of home-care experience can far outweigh the costs one expects in anguish and the pocketbook.(48)One might find inspiration, an uplifting and newfound realization of the sanctity and importance of human life, and a life-altering family sense of love, caring, giving and togetherness.Many families say, "My loved one gave more to us than we ever gave to her or him."Suffering can bring families together—or send the selfish to flight. (49)The giving experience of knowing we all loved enough to bring the suffering member of the family home to our hearts and our ability to care, may forever change the way we remember who we are. There may be no Hallmark moment, no reward from the ailing family member. But you might surprise yourself and you might be surprised by how your suffering loved one inspires you.There are times when the hospital, nursing home and even the hospice are mandated. But don't sell yourself and your family short. Your love and care may well exceed that of all others.(50)In numerous ways, many of us live in a world without connection to the life-and-death struggles that make us loving, caring human beings. We rush to work, the kids' soccer tournaments, even vacations, at break-neck speed. When we pause to give, we shop at Wal-Mart for the appropriate handout. We Americans spend more than $4 billion annually on our pets, but sometimes neglect our family duties and responsibilities.27、(47)28、(48)29、(49)30、(50)参考答案：【一、Use of English】1~5AADDD6~10BCCDC11~20点击下载查看答案【二、Reading Comprehension】1~5CAADB6~10CDDAB11~30点击下载查看答案。
考研英语模拟测试题及答案
考研英语模拟测试题及答案阅读理解题题目一：In the early years of satellite television, when bankers and bond traders were first acquiring their gigantic sky dishes, many analysts predicted that the emerging technologies would quickly transform television in ways few of us could imagine. “The real potential of satellite signals,” said a typical observer, “is that they will make it possible for viewers to have access to a much wider range of programming.”This prediction, as it turns out, has been only partially accurate. In fact, the actual development of satellite television has fallen far short of the ambitions expressed by its early advocates. While it is true that viewers today have access to more channels than in the past, most of these channels are merely shallow and unimaginative clones of the three networks that existed before the age of satellite. And satellite television has made little progress in reaching an audience that is more sophisticated or discriminating in its habits than the audience that was served by network television in the past.Given the many disappointments that have accompanied our experience with satellite television, it seems only appropriate to express a few words of caution and skepticism as we begin to explore the possibilities of another emerging technology: the digital revolution.What does the passage suggest about the potential of satellite television?A.The potential of satellite television has been largely realized.B.The development of satellite television has validated the arguments of its early advocates.C.Viewers today have access to more channels than before the age of satellite.D.The potential of satellite television has not been fully realized.答案一：D解析一：The author of this passage notes that while some early observers predicted that satellite television would transform television in ways the public could not imagine, these predictions have not exactly come to fruition. While viewers today have access to more channels, these channels may fall short in terms of quality and substance. The tone of the passage is cautious and skeptical.题目二：The modern desire for privacy, in almost all its forms, is really a desire for respect and control. People want to keep certain information away from the public sphere because they believe that if it were made available to others, their status or reputation would suffer accordingly. They also want to be able to choose the conditions under which they interact with others. In other words, they want to be able to protect their autonomy and control how others perceive them.These desires are grounded in good reasons. In democratic societies, respect for individual privacy is essential to the well-being of both society and its citizens. The ability to engage in political and social activity without fear of reprisal is critical to a vibrant democratic culture. Privacy is also important for personal development. Individuals need a space in which to be themselves, to experiment with new ideas and to develop relationships with people of their choosing.However, privacy is not an absolute value. It needs to be balanced against other important societal values, such as transparency, accountability, and security. When these values are in conflict, the challenge for democratic societies is to strike a balance that protects individual liberties while also safeguarding public interests.What does the passage suggest about why people desire privacy?A.People want privacy because they believe it will afford them respect and control.B.People want privacy because they believe it will protect them from reprisal.C.People want privacy because it is necessary to experiment with new ideas.D.People desire privacy for all of the above reasons.答案二：A解析二：The passage suggests that people desire privacy because they believe it will afford them respect and control. Specifically, people want to keep certain information away from the public sphere because they fear that if it were made available to others, their status or reputation would suffer accordingly. They also want to be able to choose the conditions under which they interact with others. These desires are grounded in good reasons, as respect for individual privacy is essential to the well-being of both society and its citizens.。
考研英语二模拟试题及答案解析(10)
考研英语二模拟试题及答案解析（10）(1~20/共20题)Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.Poets, songwriters and politicians hate the idea, but for decades opinion-poll evidence has been clear; money buys happiness and the richer you are, the more likely you are to express satisfaction with your life. Until now, a survey of 43 countries__1__on October 30th by the Pew Research Centre of Washington, DC, shows that people in__2__markets are expressing almost the same level of satisfaction as people in rich countries. It is the biggest__3__to the standard view of happiness and income seen__4__.The Pew poll asks respondents to__5__, on a scale from zero to ten, how good their lives are. (Those who say between seven and ten are counted as__6__) In 2007, 57% of respondents in rich countries put themselves in the top four tiers; in emerging markets the__7__was 33%; in poor countries only 16%—a classic__8__of the standard view.But in 2014, 54% of rich-country respondents counted themselves as happy, whereas in emerging markets the percentage__9__to 51%. This was happening just at a time when emerging markets´ chances of converging economically__10__the West seemed to be__11__.Rich countries did not experience__12__declines in happiness. The decreases in America and Britain were tiny (a single percentage point) ,__13__the share of happy Germans rose 13 points.A large drop in formerly joyful Spain ensured a modest overall decline for the rich.__14__the convergence happened__15__huge improvements in countries such as Indonesia and Pakistan. In 12 of the 24 emerging markets, half or more people__16__their life satisfaction in the top tiers of the ladder.This is not to__17__the link between income and satisfaction has been snapped. Poor countries still__18__; only a quarter of the people there are in the happy tiers—half the level of the other two groups. There is__19__a clear link between happiness and income growth. China´s GDP rose at an annual average rate of 10% in 2007-2014 and its happiness level rose 26 points.__20__countries, richer people express more satisfaction than their poorer neighbours.第1题A.issuedB.leasedC.publishedD.claimed第2题A.dominatingB.emergingC.vanishingD.declining第3题A.publicationB.implicationC.provocationD.qualificationA.so farB.at largeC.in effectD.by chance第5题A.proveB.measureC.countD.inspect第6题A.sadB.richC.poorD.happy第7题A.ratioB.shareC.digitD.level第8题A.expressionB.improvementC.discussionplement 第9题A.flewB.happenedC.jumpedD.tended第10题A.atB.intoC.onD.with第11题A.recedingB.recoveringC.relievingD.retiring第12题A.fatalB.steepC.vital第13题A.becauseB.sinceC.whileD.when第14题A.ButB.SoC.IndeedD.Thus第15题A.according toB.instead ofC.regardless ofD.thanks to第16题A.testB.voteC.rateD.mark第17题A.talkB.sayC.mentionD.speak第18题A.catch upB.fall apartg behindD.set aside第19题A.alsoB.onlyC.evenD.neither第20题A.WithoutB.ThroughC.BetweenD.Within下一题(21~25/共20题)Section ⅡReading Comprehension Directions :Read the following four terts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B],[C]or [D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.When George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, is spotted outside Westminster, he is very often making an appearance on a building site, wearing a fluorescent safety jacket. It was no surprise to hear him claim once again, in his budget speech on March 19th, that "We´re getting Britain building". Sadly, given the huge extent of Britain´s housing shortage, the chancellor´s proposed interventions do not add up to much.The biggest announcement was that the government will extend Help to Buy, a scheme that guarantees mortgages for people purchasing newly built homes. Mr Osborne also hopes to build a new town at Ebbsfleet, a patch of post-industrial land in the Thames estuary, and promises to speed up the redevelopment of several rotting 1960s and 1970s social housing estates in London. By making it easier for house builders to shift their stock, Help to Buy has probably helped boost building slightly, especially in northern cities where construction had all but ceased. Extending the programme will boost Britain´s housing stock by 120,000 by 2020, the Treasury claims, though it will also expose taxpayers to any future house-price crash. Mr Osborne also announced a new fund to support lending to small house builders—who have struggled to get financing in recent years— which ought to have a similar effect.The new town is more adventurous. Ebbsfleet, where a high-speed rail link to London opened in 2007, has had plans for new homes for almost 20 years. Few have been built, mostly because the site is a partially flooded quarry with little in the way of shops, public transport or infrastructure. The government´s new idea is to create a development corporation with control over planning and the ability to borrow to clean up and prepare the site. That was how post-war new towns such as Milton Keynes and Stevenage were built.A similar interventionism is visible in the plan to rebuild 1960s estates. Many of these, such as the Aylesbury Estate in Southwark and Robin Hood Gardens in Tower Hamlets, are crumbling. By increasing the density on the sites, and using the proceeds of selling the extra houses built, it ought to be possible to cover the cost of reconstruction. But councils have been short of money to do much themselves, and private developers extract high returns in exchange for putting up capital. With central-government money, those projects ought to move quicker and councils ought to get more for their land.第21题George Osborne´s housing proposal seems to be ineffective because of______.A.the lack of support from local governmentB.the enormous gap of the real estate marketC.the financial difficulties of the governmentD.the huge expansion of housing construction第22题According to Paragraph 2, Help to Buy is a project designed to______.A.help people to build new homesB.guarantee mortgage for everyoneC.ensure easy loan for home buyersD.speed up social housing construction第23题We can learn from Paragraph 3 that extending Help to Buy______.A.will bring numerous benefitsB.may greatly boost the stock marketC.will do more harm than goodD.may be both constructive and risky第24题Ebbsfleet is mentioned in the text to show______.A.the necessary part of urbanizationB.the boldness of building new townsC.the urgency of housing constructionD.the importance of building infrastructure第25题In return for investing in estate reconstruction, private developers need______.A.ample rewardB.new projectsC.quick returnD.more power上一题下一题(26~30/共20题)Section ⅡReading ComprehensionDirections :Read the following four terts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B],[C]or [D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.The lives of the Ancient Greeks revolved around eris, a concept by which they defined the universe. They believed that the world existed in a condition of opposites. If there was good, then there was evil, if there was love, then there was hatred; joy, then sorrow; war then peace; and so on. The Greeks believed that good eris occured when one held a balanced outlook on life and coped with problems as they arose. It was a kind of ease of living that came from trying to bring together the great opposing forces in nature. Bad eris was evident in the violent conditions that ruled men´s lives. Although these things were found in nature and sometimes could not be controlled, it was believed that bad eris occurred when one ignored a problem, letting it grow larger until it destroyed not only that person, but his family as well. The Ancient Greeks saw eris as a goddess: Eris, the Goddess of Discord, better known as Trouble.One myth that expresses this concept of bad eris deals with the marriage of King Peleus and the river goddess Thetis. Zeus, the supreme ruler, learns that Thetis would bear a child strong enough to destroy its father. Not wanting to father his own ruin, Zeus convinces Thetis to marry a human, a mortal whose child could never challenge the gods. He promises her, among other things, the greatest wedding in all of Heaven and Earth and allows the couple to invite whomever they please. This is one of the first mixed marriages of Greek Mythology and the lesson learned from it still applies today. They do invite everyone. . . except Eris, the Goddess of Discord. In other words, instead of facing the problems brought on by a mixed marriage, they turn their backs on them. They refused to deal directly with their problems and the result is tragic. In her fury, Eris arrives, ruins the wedding, causes a jealous feud between the three major goddesses over a golden apple, and sets in place the conditions that lead to the Trojan War. The war would take place 20 years in the future, but it would result in the death of the only child of the bride and groom, Achilles. Eris would destroy the parents´ hopes for their future, leaving the couple with no legitimate heirs tothe throne.Hence, when we are told," If you don´t invite trouble, trouble comes," it means that if we don´t deal with our problems, our problems will deal with us. . . with a vengeance! It is easy to see why the Greeks considered many of their myths learning myths, for this one teaches us the best way to defeat that which can destroy us.第26题According to the passage, the ancient Greeks believed that the concept of eris defined the universe______.A.as a hostile, violent placeB.as a condition of oppositesC.as a series of problemsD.as a mixture of gods and man第27题Most specifically, bad eris is defined in the passage as______.A.the violent conditions of lifeB.the problems man encountersC.the evil goddess who has a golden appleD.the murderer of generations第28题It can be inferred that Zeus married Thetis off because______.A.he needed to buy the loyalty of a great king of mankindB.he feared the gods would create bad eris by competing over herC.he feared the Trojan War would be fought over herD.he feared having an affair with her and, subsequently, a child by her第29题It can also be inferred that Zeus did not fear a child sired by King Peleus because______.A.he knew that the child could not climb Mt. OlympusB.he knew that the child would be killed in the Trojan WarC.he knew that no matter how strong a mortal child was, he couldn´t overthrow an immortal godD.he knew that Thetis would always love him above everyone else第30题According to the passage, Achilles______.A.defeated Zeus during the Trojan WarB.dies during the Trojan WarC.was born 20 years after the war because of the disruption Eris caused at the weddingD.was the illegitimate son of Peleus上一题下一题(31~35/共20题)Section ⅡReading ComprehensionDirections :Read the following four terts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B],[C]or [D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.It´s often said that the mark of a civilised society is how it treats its most vulnerable citizens in times of austerity. And in the past week, Britain has proved itself quite not so.Last Thursday a United Nations inquiry into disability rights in the UK ruled that the government is failing in its duties in everything from education, work and housing to health, transport and social security. Presented with overwhelming evidence of a range of regressive policies and multibillion-pound cuts to disability services, it described the treatment of disabled people in this country as a " human catastrophe" .Less than 24 hours later, Luke Davey lost his appeal against his local council cutting his care package almost in half. Luke is quadriplegic, has cerebral palsy and is registered blind. But in this climate of cuts to disability services, after 23 years of 24/7 support, his care hours have been suddenly gutted. Without enough funding for full-time personal assistants, his mother, Jasmine, is forced to fill in the gaps: sitting in the bungalow to ensure he´s not alone, and lifting her 14-stone son into a hoist. Jasmine, it´s worth noting, is 75 and has cancer.Bit by bit, the abuse of disabled people in Britain is being normalised. This isn´t simply the result of newspapers and politicians dehumanising the "scrounging" disabled. It´s that the hardship being witnessed is now so common, so widespread, it´s as if it´s not worth comprehension.Resisting this becomes almost an act of defiance: to say that it´s not normal for a self-proclaimed global leader of disability rights to have to be shamed publicly by the United Nations over its treatment of disabled citizens; that it´s not economically necessary for one of the wealthiest nations on Earth to cut benefits and social care so deeply that disabled people are housebound, hungry, or suicidal.When the "most vulnerable citizens" line is used by well-meaning voices, there´s a secret second sentence that´s rarely uttered: disabled people, truth be told, do not need to be vulnerable. Contrary to the myth sold by years of austerity, to be afraid, desperate or isolated is not a normal state of affairs for people with disabilities. Vulnerability comes when politicians choose to pull the support disabled people need in order to live dignified, fulfilling, independent lives—knowing full well the misery it will cause.第31题The UN described the treatment of disabled people in the UK as a "human catastrophe" because______.A.the disabled people are being discriminated in every aspect fromeducation, work to housing and so forthB.Luke Davey lost his appeal against the government for the simple reason that the local court favored the governmentC.the government dramatically cut its financial support for the disabled people in the years of austerityD.the disabled people are unable to live and work independently第32题The example of Luke Davey is used to show that______.A.the disabled people can rely on their family members for supportB.the disabled people deserved better work opportunity and salaryC.the disabled people are not treated fairly on British courtD.the disabled people live in a catastrophic condition now第33题The underlined sentence "Bit by bit, the abuse of disabled people in Britain is being normalised"implies that______.A.the society don´t accept disabled people into public placesB.the society don´t appreciate the effort made by the disabledC.the society is indifferent to the suffering of the disabledD.the society implements strict laws against domestic abuse第34题What does the author think about the "most vulnerable citizens" line?A.Disabled people are constantly afraid, desperate or isolated.B.Disabled people are not vulnerable if they are given proper support.C.Disabled people have many things to worry about.D.Disabled people´s reliance on politicians make them vulnerable.第35题The author is writing this passage in a______tone.A.scepticalB.thankfulC.criticalD.cheerful上一题下一题(36~40/共20题)Section ⅡReading ComprehensionDirections :Read the following four terts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B],[C]or [D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Glaciers consist of fallen snow that compresses over many years into large, thickened ice masses. Most of the world´s glacial ice is found in Antarctica and Greenland, but glaciers are found on nearly every continent, even Africa. Presently, 10% of land area is covered with glaciers. Glacial ice often appears blue because ice absorbs all other colors but reflects blue. Almost 90% of an iceberg is below water; only about 10% shows above water. What makes glaciers unique is their ability to move. Due to sheer mass, glaciers flow like very slow rivers. Some glaciers are as small as football fields, whereas others grow to be over 100 kilometers long.Within the past 750, 000 years, scientists know that there have been eight Ice Age cycles, separated by warmer periods called interglacial periods. Currently, the earth is nearing the end of an interglacial, meaning that another Ice Age is due in a few thousand years. This is part of the normal climate variation cycle. Greenhouse warming may delay the onset of another glacial era, but scientists still have many questions to answer about climate change. Although glaciers change very slowly over long periods, they may provide important global climate change signals. The girth of the ice, combined with gravity´s influence, causes glaciers to flow very slowly. Once a mass of compressed ice reaches a critical thickness of about 18 meters thick, it becomes so heavy that it begins to deform and move. Ice may flow down mountains and valleys, fan across plains, or spread out to sea. Movement along the underside of a glacier is slower than movement at the top due to the friction created as it slides along the ground´s surface.Most glaciers are found in remote mountainous areas. However, some found near cities or towns present a danger to the people living nearby. On land, lakes formed on top of a glacier during the melt season may cause floods. At the narrow part of a valley glacier, ice falling from the glacier presents a hazard to hikers below. When ice breaks off over the ocean, an iceberg isformed.Glaciers are a natural resource and contain 75% of the world´s freshwater. People worldwide are trying to harness the power of these frozen streams. Some towns rely on glacial melting from a nearby ice cap to provide drinking water. Some farmers spread soil or ashes over snow to promote melting, hoping that the melting will provide water to irrigate crops in drought-stricken areas. Others have channeled meltwater from glaciers to their fields. Scientists and engineers have worked together to tap into glacial resources, using electricity that has been generated in part by damming glacial meltwater.第36题According to the passage, what is a negative effect of living too close to a glacier?A.The mass of the glacier reaches a critical thickness.B.About 10% of a glacier shows above water.C.Spreading dark material over snow promotes melting.kes formed on top of glaciers may cause floods.第37题According to the passage, where can glaciers be found?A.Only on Antarctica.B.Only Greenland and Alaska.C.On nearly every continent.D.Only the north and south poles.第38题According to the passage, why does glacial ice often appear blue?A.Because it does not absorb the color blue.B.Because it absorbs all other colors but reflects blue.C.Because it does not absorb all other colors including blue.D.Because it is blue in color.第39题After reading the passage, what can one conclude about glaciers?A.There will not be another Ice Age coming.B.Glaciers have both negative and positive effects on human life.C.Scientists have difficulty studying glaciers.D.Scientists have minimal data on the formation of glaciers.第40题After reading the passage, what can one infer about glaciers?A.Further exploration is needed to tap the power of glacial ice in fueling electric energy.B.With variations in climate, glaciers shrink and expand.C.Glaciers form in cold regions where the rate of snowfall is greater than the melting rate of snow.D.Glaciers are usually bordered at the sides by rock debris.上一题下一题(41~45/共5题)Part BDirections :Read the following tert and decide whether each of the statements is true or false. Choose T if the state ment is true or F if the statement is not true. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.[A]Work passively so that the company can make you leave early with a compensation.[B]Determine how you will live during early retirement.[C]Start making as much money as you can.[D]Look for passive income.[E]Figure out how much you need to save in order to retire early.[F]Work out a plan to cut expenses after early retirement.[G]Figure out how much you will realistically spend in retirement.Most people think about retirement in some sense. You may be one of the "average" people looking for retirement at 65, or you may be someone who is aiming to retire early.Early retirement may not be for everyone: it usually means that you have to go to some form of extreme in order to reach it. You may have to work long hours, cut your expenses a good amount, or even both. However, I´ve never heard a complaint from those who retire early. Also, there are many websites that talk a lot about early retirement that you may want to read if you are serious about having this goal.__41__You need to really think about how you want to spend your retirement in order to determine how you will reach early retirement. Will you be traveling the world? Will you move to a cheaper foreign country? Will you have children? Will you have grandchildren? How will you pay for anything medical that arises?__42__For some reason, most think that they will spend less when they are in retirement. However, that is not always the case. You will have more free time and therefore will have more time to possibly spend money. Also, you will have to start paying for your own health insurance if it is currently being covered by your employer. The cost of this may shock you if you are not used to it.__43__Of course, the big factor of whether or not you can retire early is whether you actually have enough retirement funds. You need to figure out exactly how much you need to retire and how you can stretch that amount for decades to come. For example, if you want to retire in 10 years at the age of 35, you need to figure out exactly how much you need to survive in order to stretch your retirement funds for almost another 50 or 60 years.__44__One way to reach early retirement is to make as much money as you realistically can. Definitely do not engage in anything illegal, but try to get as many promotions and pay raises as you can. Work hard and know what your next step to reach that next pay level is. This is where certain people aren´t interested in early retirement. Do you want a lifelong job that you love? Or do you want a job that will allow you to retire early? Usually it will be hard to have both. There are many fields that you may be interested in to make more money. You can go into engineering, sales, certain financial sector jobs and more. Or you could work a day job and earn extra income on the side as well.__45__If your goal is early retirement and you no longer want to work, you may want to look into making monthly income through passive sources. This way you are still bringing in money each month, but all that is required from you is occasional maintenance. Ideas for passive incomeinclude rental properties, investing in dividend-paying stocks, and more.第41题第42题第43题第44题第45题上一题下一题(1/1)Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)第46题Translate the following text imto Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET.Most of us are taught to pay attention to what is said—the words. Words do provide us with some information, but meanings are derived from so many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness as a partner to a relationship to rely too heavily on words alone. Words are used to describe only a small part of the many ideas we associate with any given message. Sometimes we can gain insight into some of those associations if we listen for more than words. We don´t always say what we mean or mean what we say. Sometimes our words don´t mean anything except "I´m letting off some steam. I don´t really want you to pay close attention to what I´m saying. Just pay attention to what I´m feeling. "Mostly we mean several things at once.A person wanting to purchase a house says to the current owner, "This step has to be fixed before I´ll buy." The owner says, "It´s been like that for years." Actually, the step hasn´t been like that for years, but the unspoken message is: I don´t want to fix it. We put up with it. Why can´t you? The search for a more expansive view of meaning can be developed of examining a message in terms of who said it, when it occurred, the related conditions or situation, and how it was said. _____________上一题下一题(1/1)Section WritingPart A第47题On behalf of the department manager, write an email to a new staff Mary to1)welcome her, and2) inform her about the detail.You should write about 100 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write your address.___________________上一题下一题(1/1)Part B第48题48. Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.图片_______________上一题交卷交卷答题卡答案及解析(1~20/共20题)Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.Poets, songwriters and politicians hate the idea, but for decades opinion-poll evidence has been clear; money buys happiness and the richer you are, the more likely you are to express satisfaction with your life. Until now, a survey of 43 countries__1__on October 30th by the Pew Research Centre of Washington, DC, shows that people in__2__markets are expressing almost the same level of satisfaction as people in rich countries. It is the biggest__3__to the standard view of happiness and income seen__4__.The Pew poll asks respondents to__5__, on a scale from zero to ten, how good their lives are. (Those who say between seven and ten are counted as__6__) In 2007, 57% of respondents in rich countries put themselves in the top four tiers; in emerging markets the__7__was 33%; in poor countries only 16%—a classic__8__of the standard view.But in 2014, 54% of rich-country respondents counted themselves as happy, whereas in emerging markets the percentage__9__to 51%. This was happening just at a time when emerging markets´ chances of converging economically__10__the West seemed to be__11__.Rich countries did not experience__12__declines in happiness. The decreases in America and Britain were tiny (a single percentage point) ,__13__the share of happy Germans rose 13 points.A large drop in formerly joyful Spain ensured a modest overall decline for the rich.__14__the convergence happened__15__huge improvements in countries such as Indonesia and Pakistan. In 12 of the 24 emerging markets, half or more people__16__their life satisfaction in the top tiers of the ladder.This is not to__17__the link between income and satisfaction has been snapped. Poor countries still__18__; only a quarter of the people there are in the happy tiers—half the level of the other two groups. There is__19__a clear link between happiness and income growth. China´s GDP rose at an annual average rate of 10% in 2007-2014 and its happiness level rose 26 points.__20__countries, richer people express more satisfaction than their poorer neighbours.第1题A.issuedB.leasedC.publishedD.claimed参考答案： C 您的答案：未作答答案解析：动词辨析题。
2022考研英语二10月模考试卷附答案解析
2022考研英语二10月模考试卷附答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C and D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Methods of studying vary; what works_1_ fbr some students doesn't work at all for others. The only thing you can do is experiment _2_ you find a system that does work for you. But two things are sure: _3_ else can do your studying fbr you, and unless you do find a system that works, you won't get through college. Meantime, there are a few rules that_4_ fbr everybody. The hint is “don't get_______________________ 5 __ "・The problem of studying, _6— enough to start with, becomes almost_7— when you are trying to do —8— in one weekend.—9— the fastest readers have trouble _10— that. And if you are behind in written work that must be —11—, the teacher who accepts it _12—late will probably not give you good credit. Perhaps he may not accept it_13_ . Getting behind in one class because you are spending so much time on another is really no _14_. Feeling pretty virtuous about the seven hours you spend on chemistry won' t _15_one bit if the history teacher pops a quiz. And many freshmen do get into trouble by spending too much time on one class at the _16—of the others, either because they like one class much better or because they find it so much harder that they think, they should _17—all their time to it. —18—the reason, going the whole work for one class and neglecting the rest of them is a mistake, if you face this _19—, begin with the shortest and easiest _20_. Get them out of the way and then go to the more difficult, time consuming work.第1题l.[AJgood[BJeasily[CJsufficiently[D]well1.【答案】D【解析】考察动词o D. well是副词，good是形容词，所以A不可。
考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷10(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷10(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 5 million job losses by the end of next year, lifting the unemployment rate from 4 % last year to over 6 % . Though low by international standards, yet that is exceptionally high in Japan. Hardest hit will be “non-regular”workers—those who work part-time, as day-laborers, for a fixed duration, or under agency contracts. “Regular”workers enjoy benefits such as housing, bonuses, training and (usually) lifetime employment, but non regular workers earn as little as 40% of the pay for the same work, and do not receive training, pensions or unemployment insurance. In the past 20 years their numbers have grown to one-third of all workers. For years most Japanese ignored their predicament. But now their problems have erupted into plain sight. In January around 500 recently fired, homeless people set up a tent village in Hibiya Park—a highly visible spot in the centre of Tokyo. Politicians and television news crews flocked to the scene. The embarrassed city government eventually found accommodation for the park’s homeless in unused city-owned buildings, though it put them up for only a week. The problem is that Japan lacks a social safety net, says Makoto Yuasa, the organizer of the Hibiya tent village, who dropped out of a PhD program at Tokyo University to help homeless people. Because families or companies traditionally looked after people, the state did not have to. Moreover, there is a stigma in Japan if an unemployed person asks for help: “If you don’t work, you don’t deserve to eat,” the saying goes. Yet there are signs of change. The main political parties recognize the need to establish better support and training for non-regular workers. And there is even a new government program to help unemployed foreign workers, such as Brazilians who worked at car factories, so that they do not leave Japan if they are laid off. With a shrinking population and workforce, losing skilled hands would only compound the country’s woes when the economy eventually recovers.16．We can infer from the event of Keihin Hotel in Japan that ______.A．workers would try every means to keep their jobsB．the protesters are fired because of several conflictsC．the hotel has to be shut down to avoid further clashesD．unemployed workers cause instability in the society正确答案：A解析：事实细节题。
考研英语真题模拟试卷
考研英语真题模拟试卷一、听力部分（共30分）Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. After each question, there will be a short pause. The conversations and questions will be spoken only once. For each question, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D).1. What does the man suggest the woman do?A) Take a rest.B) Go to the doctor.C) Stay at home.D) Work harder.2. Why is the woman upset?A) She lost her job.B) She missed her bus.C) She failed the exam.D) She lost her keys.[...]8. What does the man mean by saying "It's a small world"?A) He's surprised by the coincidence.B) He thinks the world is getting smaller.C) He's interested in geography.D) He's suggesting they travel.Long Conversation 1Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. What is the main topic of the conversation?A) A book signing event.B) A new novel.C) A writing competition.D) A literary festival.10. What does the woman think about the author?A) She admires her greatly.B) She finds her arrogant.C) She doesn't like her writing style.D) She thinks she's overrated.Long Conversation 2Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you havejust heard.12. Why did the man decide to quit his job?A) He was offered a better position.B) He wanted to start his own business.C) He was unhappy with his boss.D) He wanted to travel the world.[...]二、阅读理解部分（共40分）Passage 1[文章内容略]Questions 16 to 18 are based on Passage 1.16. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of a balanced diet.B) The benefits of regular exercise.C) The impact of technology on health.D) The role of sleep in a healthy lifestyle.17. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a reason for poor sleep quality?A) Stress from work.B) An irregular sleep schedule.C) Consuming too much caffeine.D) A comfortable sleeping environment.Passage 2[文章内容略]Questions 19 to 21 are based on Passage 2.19. What does the author's experience suggest about the job market?A) It is highly competitive.B) It requires a specific set of skills.C) It is dominated by large corporations.D) It offers many opportunities for advancement.Passage 3[文章内容略]Questions 22 to 25 are based on Passage 3.22. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?A) To persuade readers to adopt a new technology.B) To inform readers about a breakthrough in science.C) To critique the current state of environmental policy.D) To analyze the economic impact of climate change. [...]三、完形填空部分（共20分）[文章内容略]26. A) Despite B) Because C) Although D) Since27. A) predicted B) suggested C) proposed D) recommended28. A) benefits B) drawbacks C) consequences D) advantages29. A) However B) Therefore C) Nevertheless D) Thus30. A) contribute to B) result in C) lead to D) give rise to [...]四、翻译部分（共20分）将下列句子从英语翻译成中文。
考研英语(二)模拟题2019年(10)_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
考研英语(二)模拟题2019年(10)(总分100, 做题时间180分钟)Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishSeven years ago, when I was visiting Germany, I met with anofficial who explained to me that the country had a perfect solution to its economic problems. Watching the U.S.economy 1 during the 90s, the Germans had decided that they, too, needed to go the high-technology 2 But how? In the late 90s, the answer seemed obvious: Indians. 3 all, Indian entrepreneurs accounted for one of every three Silicon Valley start-ups. So the German government decided that itwould 4 Indians to Germany just as America does:by 5 green cards. Officials created something called the German Green Card and 6 that they would issue 20 000 in the first year. 7 , the Germans expected that tens of thousands more Indians would soon be begging to come, and perhapsthe 8 would have to be increased. But the program was a failure. A year later 9 half of the 20 000 cards had been issued. After a few extensions, the program was 10 .I told the German official at the time that I was surethe 11 would fail. It's not that I had any particular expertise in immigration policy, 12 I understood something about green cards, because I had one (the American 13 ). The German Green Card was misnamed, I argued, 14 it never, under any circumstances, translated into German citizenship. The U.S. green card, by contrast, is an almost 15 path to becoming American (after five years and a clean record). Theofficial 16 my objection, saying that there was no way Germany was going to offer these people citizenship. "We need young tech workers," he said. "That's what this program isall 17 ." So Germany was asking brightyoung 18 to leave their country, culture and families, move thousands of miles away, learn a new language and work in a strange land—but without any 19 of ever being part of their new home. Germany was sending a signal, one thatwas 20 received in India and other countries, and also by Germany's own **munity.SSS_SIMPLE_SIN1.•**•**•****A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:A动词辨析。
考研英语模拟题及答案
考研英语模拟题及答案SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points )Among the devastating consequences of AIDS has 1 its epidemic spread in the developing world. The disease has caused 2 suffering, debilitation, loss of life and disruption of family, social and economic 3. Because of the considerable expense and logistical difficulty in providing antiviral drugs to populations 4 with the human immunodeficiency virus 5 the world, the biomedical community is looking towards vaccines to help solve this compelling problem.The search for an AIDS vaccine began more than 15 years ago with great 6 and high expectations. With the 7 of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as the cause of AIDS, it seemed that a 8 would follow closely behind. But despite a large concerted effort, the problem has proven more difficult than 9, and progress has not 10 the 11 hopes. Here I review the 12 scientific obstacles confronting the development of an effective HIV vaccine, and I consider 13 strategies to overcome these obstacles.It is instructive to consider the circumstances that have 14 to past successes in vaccine development. The smallpox vaccine is 15 the most successful inventions in the history of 16. Why, 200 years ago, without the benefit of modern biotechnology, did the smallpox vaccine succeed so readily while an AIDS vaccine 17 elusive? The answer lies in an experiment of nature that provided, to an astute observer, a clear direction for smallpox vaccine development. In this classic story of 18 discovery, Edward Jennet noticed that milk maids who had previously contracted cowpox were 19 to smallpox infection. This observation was the critical event leading to the finding that the cowpox virus cross-reacted immunologically with the smallpox virus and could 20 be used to protect against smallpox.1. A. on B. with C. been D. about2. A. unpredicted B. uncontrollable C. unimaginable D. unprecedented3. A. stability B. instability C. permanency D. soundness4. A. harmed B. infected C. infectious D. infectable5. A. everywhere B. throughout C. devastating D. occupying6. A. difficulty B. concern C. optimism D. pessimism7. A. confirmation B. identification C. information D. precaution8. A. cure B. capsule C. medication D. vaccine9. A. ever B. anticipated C. possible D. necessary10. A. surpassed B. out-balanced C. matched D. rivaled11. A. origin B. initial C. great D. modest12. A. majority B. primary C. principal D. premier13. A. potential B. initiative C. practicalD. existing14. A. lead B. caused C. contributed D. cooperated15. A. by far B. till now C. among D. considered16. A. vaccine B. medicine C. smallpox D. AIDS17. A. slowly B. fails C. remains D. counts18. A. accidental B. importanc C. scientific D. vaccine19. A. vulnerable B. resistant C. opposing D. defendant20. A. safely B. therefore C. as well D. possiblySection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark you answers on ANSWER SHEETⅠ.(40 points)Text 1On an average of six times a day, a doctor in Holland practices "active" euthanasia: intentionally administering a lethal drug to a terminally ill patient who has asked to be relieved of suffering. Twenty times a day, life-prolonging treatment is withheld or withdrawn when there is no hope that it can effect an ultimate cure. "Active" euthanasia remains a crime on the Dutch statute books punishable by 12 years in prison. But a series of court cases over the past 15 years has made it clear that a competent physician who carries it out will not be prosecuted.Euthanasia, often called "mercy killing", is a crime everywhere in Western Europe. But more and more doctors and nurses in Britain, West Germany, Holland and elsewhere readily admit to practicing it, most often in the "passive" form of withholding or withdrawing treatment. The long simmering euthanasia issue has lately boiled over into a sometimes fierce public debate, with both sides claiming the mantle of ultimate righteousness. Those opposed to the practice see themselves up-holding sacred principles of respect for life, while those in favor raise the banner of humane treatment. After years on the defensive, the advocates now seem to be gaining ground. Recent polls in Britain show that 72 percent of British subjects favor euthanasia in some circumstances. An astonishing 76 percent of respondents to a poll taken late last year in France said they would like the law changed to decriminalize mercy killings.Reasons for the latest surge of interest in euthanasia are not hard to find. Europeans, like Americans, are now living longer. The average European male now lives to the age of 72, women to almost 80. As Derek Humphrey, a leading British advocate of "rational euthanasia" says, "lingering chronic diseases have replaced critical illnesses as the primary cause of death."And so the euthanasists have begun to press their case with greater force. They argue that every human being should have the right to "die with dignity", by which they usually mean the right to escape the horrors of a painful or degrading hospitalization. Most advocates of voluntary euthanasia has argued that the right to die should be accorded only to the terminally and incurably ill, but the movement also includes a small minority who believe in euthanasia for anyone who rationally decides to take his own life.That right is unlikely to get legal recognition any time in the near future. Even in the Netherlands, the proposals now before Parliament would restrict euthanasia to a small number of cases and would surround even those with elaborate safeguards.21.According to Paragraph 1, which of the following is not true?A. "Active"euthanasia is regarded as a crime by Dutch law.B.The doctor who carried out euthanasia will be charged.C.An unqualified doctor carrying out euthanasia will be accused.D. "Active"euthanasia executives will be sentenced to 12 years imprisonment.22.Euthanasia is often called "mercy killing", which implies that .A.people should show sympathy for a terminally ill patientB.some doctors murder patients shielding themselves from mercyC.humane treatment to dying patients should be requiredD.the dying patients are suffering from the pain and they don’t want to live on23.Most advocates of voluntary euthanasia hold the opinion that .A.only terminally ill patients can have euthanasiaB.if anyone who rationally decides to end his life, he can have euthanasiaC.people should respect for lifeD.no matter what punishment they get, they’ll carry out euthanasia to patients24.The author’s attitudes towards euthanasia is .A.positiveB.negativeC.objectiveD.uncertain25.In Paragraph 2, "boiled over" means .A.burst(into)B.make the water hot enough to boilC.cause great angerD.fight one anotherText 2Bank of America, holding company for the San Francisco-based Bank of America, was once unchallenged as the nation’s biggest banking organization. At its peak, it had more branches in California, 1,100 than the U.S. Postal Service. It was also a highly profitable enterprise. But since 1980, Bank of America’s earnings have been down or flat. From March 1985 to March 1986, for example, earnings per share dropped 50.8 percent. Samuel H. Armacost, president and CEO, has confessed that he doesn’t expect a turnaround soon.Some of Bank of America’s old magic seems to have rubbed off on New York’s Citibank, perennial rival for top banking honors. Thanks to aggressive growth policies, Citicorp’s assets topped Bank of America’s for the first time in 1983 and by a healthy margin. Citibank has also been generating profits at a fast clip, enabling it to spend lavishly on campaigns to enter new markets-notably Bank of America’s turf in California.The bad times Bank of America is currently facing are partly the result of the good times the bank enjoyed earlier. Based ina large and populous state and operating in a regulated environment, Bank of America thrived. Before deregulation, banks could not compete by offering savers a higher return, so they competed with convenience. With a branch at every crossroads, Bank of America was able to attract 40 percent of the California deposit market a source of high earnings when the legal maximum payable to depositors was much lower than the interest on loans.The progressive deregulation of banking forced Bank of America to fight for its customers by offering them competitive rates. But how could this mammoth bureaucracy, with its expensive overhead, offer rates as attractive as its loaner competitors? Pruning the establishment was foremost in the minds of Bank of America policymakers. But cutbacks have proceeded slowly. Although the bank is planning to consolidate by offering full services only in key branches, so far only about 40 branches have been closed. Cutbacks through attrition have reduced the work force from 83,000 to fewer than 73,000; wholesale layoffs, it seems, would not fit the tradition of the organization. And they would intensify the morale problems that already threaten the institution.26 According to the passage, New York’s Citibank .A.is a dark horse in the field of bankingB.has been growing in a moderate wayC.has been making efforts to conquer the markets of Bank of AmericaD.has more branches than Bank of America now27 Which of the following is NOT the reason for which Bank of America thrived?A.It’s turf California was a state with a large number of population.B.The economic environment that was controlled by the government.C.Its deposit rate was higher than that of other banks.D.Its large amount of branches.28 The phrase "mammoth bureaucracy" in Paragraph 4 refers to .A.its expensive overheadB.its large amount of branchesC.its long historyD.corruption of its leaders29 Now the most important factor for a bank to win in competition seems to be .A.higher deposit rateB.flexibility of capitalC.high banking honorsD.support of the government30 Which of the following conclusions can’t be drawn from the passage?A.The U.S. Postal Service had less than 1,100 branches in California a few decades before.B.The profit of the Bank of America has been reducing since the 1980s.C.The prospect of the Bank of America is not quite promising.D.Moral problem is also a factor that leads to the decline of the Bank of America.Text 3Volcanic fire and glacial ice are natural enemies. Eruptions at glaciated volcanoes typically destroy ice fields, as they did in 1980 when 70 of Mount Saint Helens ice cover was demolished. During long dormant intervals, glaciers gain the upper hand cutting deeply into volcanic cones and eventually reducing them to rubble. Only rarely do these competing forces of heat and cold operate in perfect balance to create a phenomenon such as the steam caves at Mount Rainier National Park.Located inside Rainier’s two ice-filled summit craters, these caves form a labyrinth of tunnels and vaulted chambers about one and one-half miles in total length. Their creation depends on an unusual combination of factors that nature almost never brings together in one place. The cave-making recipe calls for a steady emission of volcanic gas and heat, a heavy annual snowfall at an elevation high enough to keep it from melting during the summer, and a bowl-shaped crater to hold the snow.Snow accumulating yearly in Rainier’s summit craters is compacted and compressed into a dense form of ice called firm, a substance midway between ordinary ice and the denser crystalline ice that makes up glaciers. Heat rising from numerous openings (called fumaroles) along the inner crater walls melts out chambers between the rocky walls and the overlying ice pack. Circulating currents of warm air then melt additional openings in the firm ice, eventually connecting the individual chambers and, in the larger of Rainier’s the crater’s, forming a continuous passageway the extends two-thirds of the Way around the crater’s interior.To maintain the cave system, the elements of fire under ice must remain in equilibrium, enough snow must fill the crater each year to replace that melted from below. If too much volcanic heat is discharged, the crater’s ice pack will melt away entirely and the caves will vanish along with the snows of yesteryear. If too little heat is produced, the ice, replenished annually by winter snowstorms, will expand, pushing against the enclosing crater walls and smothering the present caverns in solid firm ice.31.With what topic is the passage mainly concerned?A.The importance of snowfall for Mount Rainier.B.The steam caves of Mount Rainier’s.C.How ice covers are destroyed.D.The eruption of Mount Saint Helens in 1980.32.According to the passage, long periods of volcanic inactivity can lead to a volcanic cone’s .A.strong eruptionB.sudden growthC.destructionD.unpredictability33.The second paragraph mentions all of the following as necessary elements in the creation of steam caves EXCEPT .A.a glacierB.a craterC.heatD.snow34.According to the passage, heat from Mount Rainier’s summit craters rises from .A.crystalline iceB.firmsC.chambersD.fumaroles35.In the last line, "smothering" means .A.eliminateB.enlargedC.preventedD.hollowedText 4Languages will continue to diverge. Even if English were to become the universal language, it would still take many different forms.Indeed the same could happen to English as has happened to Chinese: a language of intellectuals which doesn’t vary hugely alongside a large number of variants used by local peoples.We will continue to teach other languages in some form, and not just for reasons of practicality. Learning a language is good for your mental health; it forces you to understand another cultural and intellectual system. So I hope British education will develop a more rational approach to the foreign languages available to students in line with their political importance. Because so many people believe it’s no longer important to know another language, I fear that time devoted to language teaching in schools may well continue to decline. But you can argue that learning another language well is more taxing than, say, learning to play chess well—it involves sensitivity to a set of complicated rules, and also to context.Technology will certainly make a difference to the use of foreign languages. Computers may, for instance, alleviate the drudgery that a vast translation represents. But no one who has seen a computer translation will think it can substitute for knowledge of the different languages. A machine will always be behind the times. Still more important is the fact that no computer will ever get at the associations beyond the words associations that may not be expressed but which carry much of the meaning. In languages like Arabic that context is very important. Languages come with heavy cultural baggage too—in French or German if you missed the cultural references behind a word you’re very likely to be missing the meaning. It will be very hard to teach all that to a computer.All the predictions are that English will be spoken by a declining proportion of the world’s population in the 21st century. I don’t think foreign languages will really become less important, but they might be perceived to be—and that would in the end be a very bad thing.36.From the first paragraph we can infer that .A English is the universal languageB Chinese would become the universal languageC Languages always take kinds of formsD English has no variants, but Chinese does37.Which of the following is true?A If a language is not good for practicality, we can drop it.B We can understand another cultural and intellectual system by learning language.C Time devoted to language teaching has never declined.D We should spend more time in learning language than playing chess.38.Why can’t a computer translation substitute for knowledge of different languages? Because .A computers can alleviate much drudgeryB computer is always behind the timesC computer can’t get the inner meaning of wordsD computer has no sensation39.What does the author mean by "that would in the end be a very bad thing"?A Less and less people will use English.B Foreign languages will become less important.C Foreign languages will be perceived less important.D We must realize the importance of foreign languages.40.Which is the best title of the passage?A Learning Foreign Languages.B Language Continuing to Diverge.C The Limitation of Technology in Learning Foreign Language.D The Inner Meaning of Words.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41—45, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.Even some ardent conservationists acknowledge that the diversity of life on Earth cannot be fully sustained as human populations expand use more resources nudge the climate and move weedlike pests and predators from place to place.Given that some losses are inevitable, the debate among many experts has shifted to an uncomfortable subject—what level of loss is acceptable. The discussion is taking place at both the local and global levels. 41)______________________________. And as global biodiversity diminishes, is it a valid fallback strategy to bank organisms and genes in zoos, DNA banks or the like, or does this simply justify more habitat destruction?42)_________________________________________. Some conservation groups have strenuously avoided or even attacked such calculations and strategies. They say there is no safe diminution of habitat as long as human understanding of ecology is as sketchy as it is a fallback strategy is unthinkable. Furthermore banking nature in a deep freeze or database of gene sequences cannot capture context. 43)_____________________. On the other side of the debate those considering what the smallest viable habitats are or how to expand archives as an insurance policy say that recent trends have proved that old conservation strategies are no longer sufficient. 44)_____________________________.Twenty four years ago Dr. Thomas E. Lovejoy and other biologists began a remarkable experiment on the fast eroding fringe of rain forest near the Brazilian city of Manaus. They established 11 forest tracts ranging from 2.5 to 250 acres each surrounded by an isolating sea of pasture similar to what is advancing around most other tropical forests. Among the many findings an analysis published last week on birds in the lower layers of greenery found that it would take a fragment measuring at least 2 500 acres—10 times as large as the biggest one in the experiment—to prevent a decline of 50 percent in those bird varieties in just 15 years or so.45)____________________________________________________________.[A]For instance even if a vanished bird was someday reconstituted from its genes wouldit warble with the same fluency as its ancestors?[B] "we’re better off trying to preserve the diversity of what we have rather than trying to regenerate it in the future."[C]The San Diego Zoo has its parallel Frozen Zoo an archive of thousands of DNA samples and cell lines from a host of species.[D]Is nature on ice a sufficient substitute for the real thing?[E]How small can a fragment of an ecosystem be and still function in all its richness,and thus be considered preserved?[F]In the understated language of science the new study in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences concludes "This is unfortunate when one considers that for some species rich areas of the planet a large proportion of remaining forest is in fragments smaller than 2500 acres."[G]A few decades ago the issue seemed fairly uncomplicated identify biological "hot spots" or species of concern and establish as many reserves as possible. But the picture has grown murky.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)46)To avoid the various foolish opinions to which mankind is prong, no superhuman genius is required. A few simple rules will keep you, not from all error, but from silly error.If the matter is one that can be settled by observation, make the observation yourself.47)Aristotle could have avoided the mistake of thinking that women have fewer teeth than men, by the simple device of asking Mrs Aristotle to keep her mouth open while he counted. He did not do so because he thought he knew. Thinking that you know when in fact you don’t is a fatal mistake, to which we are all prone. I believe myself that hedgehogs eat black beetles, because I have been told that they do; but if I were writing a book on the habits of hedgehogs, I should not commit myself until I had seen one enjoying this unappetizing diet. Aristotle, however, was less cautious. Ancient and medieval authors knew all about unicorns and salamanders; not one of them thought it necessary to avoid dogmatic statements about them because he had never seen one of them.Many matters, however, are less easily brought to the test of experience. If, like most of mankind, you have occasional convictions on many such matters, there are ways in which you can make yourself aware of your own bias.48)If an opinion contrary to your own makes you angry, that is a sign that you are subconsciously aware of having no good reason for thinking as you do. If someone maintains that two and two are five, or that Iceland is on the equator, you feel pity rather than anger, unless you know so little of arithmetic or geography that his opinion shakes your own contrary conviction. The most savage controversies are those about matters as to which there is no good evidence either way.Persecution is used in theology, not in arithmetic, because in arithmetic there is knowledge, but in theology there is only opinion.49)So whenever you find yourself getting angry about a difference of opinion, be on your guard; you will probably find, on examination, that your belief is going beyond what the evidence warrants.A good way of riding yourself of certain kinds of dogmatism is to become aware of opinions held in social circles different from your own. When I was young, I lived much outside my own country in France, Germany, Italy, and the United States. I found this very profitable in diminishing the intensity of insular prejudice.For those who have enough psychological imagination, it is a good plan to imagine an argument with a person having a different bias. This has one advantage, and only one, as compared with actual conversation with opponents; this one advantage is that the method is not subject to the same limitations of time and space. Mahatma Gandhi deplored railways and steamboats and machinery; he would have liked to undo the whole of the industrial revolution. You may never have an opportunity of actually meeting any one who holds this opinion, because in Western countries most people take the advantages of modern technique for granted. But if you want to make sure that you are right in agreeing with the prevailing opinion, you will find it a good plan to test the arguments that occur to you by considering what Gandhi might have said in refutation of them.50)I have sometimes been led actually to change my mind as a result of this kind of imaginary dialogue, and, short of this, I have frequently found myself growing less dogmatic and cocksure through realizing the possible reasonableness of a hypothetical opponent.Section ⅢWritingPart A51.Directions:Suppose you are a teacher who is going to give a lecture to freshmen on how to enjoy university life. You need to write a note before giving the lecture. The note should include:1)arrange your time properly2)keep harmony with roommates and classmates3)take an active part in societiesYou should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Part B52.Directions:study the following picture carefully and write an essay to1)describe the picture2)give your comments on the phenomenon3)suggest counter-measures答案SectionⅠUse of English1. C.beenhas been表现在完成。
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11.［A］ deprives ［B］ retrieves ［C］ spares ［D］ exempts
12.［A］ conjunction ［B］ convenience ［C］ department ［D］ ornament
13.［A］ delegated ［B］ designated ［C］ devoted ［D］ dedicated
There is growing interest in East Japan Railway Co. ltd, one of the six companies, created out of the privatized nationa__l__ railway system. In an industry lacking exciting growth1, its plan to use real-estate assets in and around train stations__2__is drawing interest.
1.［A］ perspectives ［B］ outlooks ［C］ prospects ［D］ spectacles
2.［A］ creatively ［B］ originally ［C］ authentically ［D］ initially
3.［A］ displayed ［B］ demonstrated ［C］ embarked ［D］ unveiled
The company also plans to introduce __14__cards-known in Japan as IC cards because they use integrated circuit for__15__information__16__ train tickets and commuter passes__17__the magnetic ones used today, integrating them into a/an __18__pass. This will save the company money, because__19__for IC cards are much less expensive than magnetic systems. Increased use of IC cards should also__20__the space needed for ticket vending.
7.［A］ acquired ［B］ purchased ［C］ presided ［D］ attained
8.［A］ lodgers ［B］ tenants ［C］ dwellers ［D］ boarders
9.［A］ for ［B］ in ［C］ of ［D］ as
10.［A］ figures ［B］ exhibits ［C］ convinces ［D］ speculates
Class is a potent force in health and longevity in the United States. The more education and income people have, the less likely they are to have and die of heart disease, strokes, diabetes and many types of cancer. Upper-middle-class Americans live longer and in better health than middle-class Americans, who live longer and better than those at the bottom. And the gaps are widening, say people who have researched social factors in health.
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Many risk factors for chronic diseases are now more common among the less educated than the better educated. Smoking has dropped sharply among the better educated, but not among the less. Physical inactivity is more than twice as common among high school dropouts as among college graduates. Lower-income women are more likely than other women to be overweight, though the pattern among men may be the opposite.
Section Ⅰ Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) from each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
As advances in medicine and disease prevention have increased life expectancy in the United States, the benefits have disproportionately gone to people with education, money, good jobs and connections. They are almost invariably in the best position to learn new information early, modify their behavior, take advantage of the latest treatments and have the cost covered by insurance.
Passage 1
Class informed everything from the circumstances of patients' heart attacks to the emergency care each received, the households they returned to and the jobs they hoped to resume. It shaped their understanding of their illness, the support they got from their families, their relationships with their doctors. It helped define their ability to change their lives and shaped their odds of getting better.
14.［A］ clever ［B］ smart ［C］ ingenious ［D］ intelligent
15.［A］ checking ［B］ gathering ［C］ holding ［D］ accommodating
16.［A］ as ［B］ for ［C］ with ［D］ of
17.［A］ but for ［B］ as well as ［C］ instead of ［D］ more than
There may also be subtler differences. Some researchers now believe that the stress involved in so-called high-demand, low-control jobs further down the occupational scale is more harmful than the stress of professional jobs that come with greater autonomy and control. Others are studying the health impact of job insecurity, lack of support on the job, and employment that makes it difficult to balance work and family obligations.