现在完成时讲解与练习答案

（ 2 ）用法：

1 ）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。

My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。

I’m sure we’ve met before.我肯定我们以前见过面。

She has arrived. 她到了。

2 ）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, fo r…, since…,yet 等。如：

I haven’t heard from her these days.这些日子我没有收到她的信。

We haven’t seen you recently.最近我们没有见到你。

They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。

She has been with us since Monday.

★注意：

a) since 和for 的区别

since 后接时间点，如1993 ，last term, yes terday, the time I got there

for 后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days 等。

Ex ercise : 用since 和for 填空

1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday.

2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days.

3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days.

4. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7

o'clock.

5. India has been an independent country ______1974.

6. The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes.

7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______

many years.

8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in

hospital ______ October.

1. since

2. for

3. for

4. since

5. since

6. for

7. for

8. since

2 ）表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die 等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说：

He has come here for 2 weeks. ×

The old man has died for 4 months. ×

They have left only for 5 minutes. ×

以上三句话可以改为：

He has been here for 2 weeks.

The old man has ______ _______ for 4 months.

They have _____ _____ only for 5 minutes

2 ）have (has) been 和have (has) gone 的区别：表示“曾到过某地”要用“have (has) been”;表示“已经去某地”要用“have (has) gone”。试比较：Where has he been 他刚才到哪里去了（已经回来了）

Where has he gone 他上哪儿去了（人不在）

They have been to Canada . 他们到过加拿大。（现在已经不在加拿大）

They have gone to Canada . 他们到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已经到加拿大）.

3 ）现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in ，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never 等连用。例如：She has already come. 她已经来了。

I haven’t read it yet.我还没读过这个。

I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他。

Ma Hong has always been a good student. 马红一直是个好学生。

I have often seen him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他。

They have never been to Yan’an.他们从未去过延安。

I haven't seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。

Irregular Verbs

7. How long ________ the Wangs ______________(stay) here For two weeks.

8. I ________ just ___________ (finish) my homework.

9. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day.

you ______ (find) your science book yet

11. If it ____ (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you.

12. The students ____________ (read) English when the teacher came in.

13. Look! The monkey __________ (climb) the tree.

14. My mother __________ (come) to see me next Sunday.

15. I've lost my pen. _________ you ________ (see) it anywhere 1. have, seen, saw 2. Has, finished 3. has, come 4. has gone 5. have worked, moved 6. ha ve made 7. ha ve , stayed 8. have, finished 9. goes 10. have, found 11. is 12. were reading 13. is climbing 14. is coming 15. Have, seen

II. Choose the best answer.