高三英语复习教案：特殊句式

特殊句式补充讲义

考点一一、倒装

英语句子的自然语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。把谓语动词或助动词放在主语之前，就叫倒装结构。如果全部谓语放在主语之前，叫完全倒装；如果只把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前，就叫部分倒装。

一.完全倒装：全部倒装是将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。

（一）补充：引导词there引出倒装句，用于此结构的动词有：be/appear/come/exist/happen/lie/live/occur/remain/seem/stand等结构: there+谓语+主语

例句：There exist many problems among the students.

There lies an old temple near our village. ]

（二）：（详见5+3p109）当主语是名词，以here/there/now/then/above/below /away/back/in/out/up/down/off/over/on the wall/in the room等词位于句首以示强调，常用此结构的动词有：be/go/come/exist/follow/remain/lie等

结构：副词+谓语+主语

例句：Here comes the bus. /Away he went./Here it is.

注意：如果句子主语是人称代词时则无需倒装。

（三）：such （5+3p109）

（四）补充：表语（形容词，介词短语，现在分词，过去分词）位于句首，以保持句子平衡或表示强调，常用倒装。

结构：表语+be+主语]

例句：Present at the meeting were experts from Europe.

Gone are the days when my heart was young and gay.

二．部分倒装：部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分，如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。(详见5+3 p109-111)

(一) 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, by no

means, not until…,not only… but also…, hardly /scarcely…when…, no sooner…than… 等。

注意：1.当Not until引导主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。

2.Not only…but also…连接两个分句时，在第一个分句用倒装结构,第二个分句不倒装。如果置

于句首的Not only… but also…仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。

3.补充：hardly /scarcely…when, no sooner…than注意时态的搭配,no sooner 和hardly/scarcely

所在的句子的谓语动词用过去完成时，than和when 所引导的句子用一般过去时

(二)补充：在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省

略，把were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。

例句：Were I you, I would help you.

Had you come earlier, you would have met him.

(三) 补充：in such a hurry 置于句首，部分倒装

例句：In such a hurry was he that everyone got bored.]

(四) 补充：To such…表程度的词组位于句首时，部分倒装

例句：To such a degree was he excited that he couldn’t fall asleep that night.]

(五) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中。

例句：May you all be happy!

Long live our friendship!

二、强调

一．一种结构It+ be+被强调成分+that/who+其他成分

两个be（is/was）

三个连词(that/who/whom)

四种句式变化：1.一般疑问句和反意疑问句形式(补充)

Was it in 1969 that the American astronauts succeeded in landing on the moon.

It was Alice who/that sent the old man to the ho spital, wasn’t it?

2. 特殊疑问句形式(5+3p112)

3. 感叹句形式

What a beautiful picture it is (that) you have drawn!

4. 省略句形式（补充）

---Who is making so much noise in the garden?---It is the boys.

五类复杂结构：强调句与宾从，主从，同位语从句，定从和时间状从德结合，加大了句子结构复杂程度和句意理解难度。（补充）

1.与宾从的结合

2.与主从的结合It is what you do rather than what you say that matters.

3.与同位语从句的结合It was at the very beginning that Mr. Fox made the decision that we should send

more firefighters there.

4.与定从的结合Was it in the village where we used to live that the accident happened?

5.与not…until…时间状语从句的结合(5+3p112).Com]

注意：强调句型与其他相似句型的区别（5+3p112）

二．谓语动词的强调见5+3P113

三．补充：on earth / in the world + 疑问词表强调：

Where on earth / in the world did you go last night?