英语国家社会与文化入门-北爱尔兰

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V. The troules
• • Hostilities Between Catholics and Protestants a. Unlike the other nations in the UK, Northern Ireland was given its own Parliament to deal with Northern Irish internal affairs. b. 40% of the population in the 6 counties are Catholic Irish---- resented Northern Ireland’s separation from the South. c. 60% of the population are Protestants -------controlled the local parliament and used the power to support their own economy and society. d. Resentment grew and the armed conflicts developed----- in the 1960s, a Civil Rights Movement started by the Catholics to campaign for equality. e. Rioting broke out between Protestants and Catholics.
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II. General Introduction:
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Northern Ireland (also called Ulster) is mostly rural, with low hills, a beautiful lake district in the southwest,and a rugged coastline.
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VI. Steps Toward Peace
1) 1973: a power-sharing mechanism (collapsed, replaced by “direct rule” from London) 2) 1993: the Downing-Street Declaration 3) 4,10, 1998: the Good Friday Agreement (also called: the Belfast Agreement) 4) A New Coalition Government (Dec,1999-) 5) Britain Resumes Direct Rule of Northern Ireland (Oct. 14,2002 --) 6) March, 2007: a power-sharing government----the Northern Ireland Executive government, ending “direct rule” from London 7）An Agreement For A Power-Sharing Government 8）In March 2007, Gerry Adams, the leader of Sinn Fein, and Rev. Ian Paisley, the head of the Democratic Unionist Party,hashed out an agreement for a power-sharing government. The historic deal was put into place in May, when Paisley and McGuinness were sworn in as leader and deputy leader, respectively, of the Northern Ireland executive government, thus ending direct rule from London.
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Republicans, desiring for an Irish republic underprivileged
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III. history
A • 3. A partition of Ireland in 1921 • In1921, 26 southern counties formed a free state--Ireland; the other 6 north-eastern counties remained a part of Britain ----- Northern Ireland.
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III. history
A • A.The conflicts（冲突） between Irish People and the British Government B
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1. Political and military campaigns for independence since the late 19th century. a. 1914: The Home Rule Bill was passed by the British Parliament but was suspended because of the world ware1. b. 1916: the Easter Rising c. 1919: the IRA (the Irish Republican Army) d. The Sinn Fein party
southwestern Ireland northeastern Ireland Protestants，English Unionsts,want union with Great Britain Loyalists, loyal to the English crown Privileged Catholics，Irish Nationalists, desiring for a united Ireland
Northern Ireland
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the map of north ireland
I. preface
Capital
Capital: Belfast贝尔法斯特 Nickname: Ulster esp. for the Unionistson
Population:1.755million Area:14139km²
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III. history
A • 2. The religious conflicts between the Irish and the BritishParties: • Legal: The Sinn Fein party for independence • Illegal: the Irish Republican Army (IRA) • Two conflicting groups