难以理解的句子结构(1)

难以理解的句子结构（1）

1、It follows +that从句；

例句：It follows that we overuse these fuels. 由此可见，我们过度使用了这些燃料。

it follows that 后面直接加从句，这个句型的核心意思是表达一种逻辑结果，是由某事推断出的一种结果。因此，“It follows that”可以译成“那么”“因此”“由此可知”“由此得出”“由此可断定”等等。这里的follow是不及物动词，其后不接宾语；而it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。也就是说，这里的that从句是一个主语从句。follow的主语从句句型有下面4种：It follows that ...；It follows from ...that ...；It necessarily follows that ...；It does not (necessarily) follow that ...；

配套练习：

(1). 单项填空：

①From all this it follows that our war cannot be won quickly _____ can only be a protracted war.

A. and

B. but also

C. or

D. but

②It follows _____ you could also write these two particular tests simultaneously, and early.

A. that

B. which

C. whether

D. as

③It follows that the longer you work, _____ tired you will be.

A. more

B. much

C. the more

D. very

④It follows that opposing superpower hegemony _____ preserving world peace.

A. mean

B. means

C. is meaning

D. meant

⑤It follows that it is optimal _____ any middle managers available.

A. using

B. used

C. is using

D. to use

⑥_____ this evidence, it follows that he is not the murderer.

A. From

B. By

C. With

D. For

(2). 完成句子：

①___________ if you work hard, you will succeed. 如果你努力，你就会成功，那必然是真的。

②It follows that __________ we can and should expand. 因此，我们均能够发展，均应该发展。

③It follows that acids ________ metals.由此可知，各种酸对金属都有腐蚀作用。

④It follows that Tom went away _______________. 看来汤姆是不告而别。

2、A is to B what C is to D. A对于B犹如C对于D。

例句：Air is to us what water is to fish. 空气对于我们犹如水对于鱼。

此类句型有以下几种：

1）A is to B what C is to D. 中，"what C is to D"是一个名词性从句，作句子的表语，为了防止句子头重脚轻而放到了最后。what 引导的名词性从句里，what = the thing that。"to B"就是对于B来说，作状语。原来的语序为A is what C is to D to B。，所以把这句话语序调整一下就是To B, A is the thing that C is to D. “对于B来说，A就是C对于D那样的东西。”。如：A pen is to a writer what the gun is to a fighter.

2）A is to B as C is to D.与上不同，to B是表语，as C is to D是状语从句，在这个从句中，to D同样是作表语，as在这里就是just like的意思。可以直接翻译为A对于B就像C对于D 一样。

3）What C is to D，that A is to B.该句式是由第一种结构演化来的。译成汉语时，一般先

译第二个分句，后译第一个分句。例如:What the gun is to a fighter，that the pen is to a writer.作家的笔犹如战士的枪一样。

上述句型中的介词to、for可根据需要变换为其他介词。如：What the lion is among beasts is that the eagle among birds.

4）What C is to D，A is to B. 例如:What sculpture is to a block of marble，education is to the soul.教育之于心灵，犹如雕刻之于大理石。

5）A does for B what C does for D. 例如:Leaves do for plants what lungs do for animals. 叶子对于植物的作用正如肺对于动物的作用。

6）what A to B is what C to，是what引导的比较状语从句。如：what you to me is what water to fish. 我离不开你就像鱼离不开水。

what引导比较状语从句A is to B,what C is to D或者What A is to B, so is C to D. As A is to B,that C is to D翻译成:A和B的关系正如C和D的关系一样, 不能换成as,这是一个固定用语,在英语里是一个表修辞的句式（类比）。汉语意思是：A之于B正如C之于D。

也可以这样表达：A is to B what /as C is to D，表示A与B的关系和C与D的关系具有可比性。但是，如果A、B、C、D为数字时，则用as取代what，表示比例上的相等。如：Twelve is to three as four is to one. 12之于3等同于4之1。

配套练习：

(1). 单项填空：

①Railway is to transportation _____ blood is to a man's body.

A. that

B. which

C. and

D. what

②_____ the blue print is to the builder，the outline is _____ the writer.

A. What, to

B. What, in

C. T hat, to

D. T hat, in

③_____food is to man’s body, _____ reading is to the mind.

A. T hat, what

B. What, that

C. T hat, and

D. What, and

④Letters do in writing _____ sounds do in speaking.

A. and

B. that

C. what

D. which

⑤_____ Newton was to mechanics and Darwin to biology Freud was to psychology.

A. Which

B. That

C. As

D. What

⑥The eagle is among birds _____ the lion is among beasts.

A. that

B. what

C. which

D. and

(2). 完成句子：

①Intellect is to the mind ________ is to the body.智力之于大脑，犹如视力之于躯体。

②Reading is to the mind ________ is to the body.读书之于头脑如同食物之于身体。

③What food is to man, __________ is to crops.肥料对于农作物犹如食物对于人一样。

④___________ are to the body that parks are to the city.公园对于城市犹如肺对于人体一样。

3、Chances are that ...有可能…；很可能…；

例句：Chances are that he has already heard the news. 很可能他已经听到这个消息了。

(The) chances are that... 已经成为英语的一种固定句式,表示推测。意思是:“有可能that 引导的是表语从句。因为are 是现在时态,后面的内容是对将来的推测,所以that 从句一般用将来时。

配套练习：