【2019年高三英语二轮复习】动词和动词短语 教案
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教学过程
一、复习预习
教师引导学生复习上节课所学的知识点,(以提问、回顾的形式进行),针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑
二、知识讲解
考点/易错点1
1.易混动词
lay(放), lie(躺)与lie(说谎):这三个易混动词构成见下表:
考点/易错点2
sit与seat:seat为及物动词时是作容纳讲,sit只是表示一动作。seat如果表示就座时要用be seated。如:They were seated at their desks. 或用seat oneself, 比如:I seated myself in the armchair.
考点/易错点3
fit与suit:fit与suit均可作合适讲,但英文中却用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大小的合适,而suit则多用于颜色式样的合适。
考点/易错点4
speak, say, talk 与tell
英文中讲有4个词,speak, say, talk, tell,但其中speak, talk多用作不及物动词,但speak后加语言名词时则用作及物动词,如:Please speak English。而say 与tell是及物动词,其中tell常用作接双宾语,如:Tell me a story。但也有些特定的习惯用法,如:在作讲实话,讲谎言,表示时间常用单宾语而不能换其它词,如:My watch was broken. It couldn’t tell t ime correctly。在书信、便条、海报上写着英文应为It said …。在作辨别不同讲时是tell,如:Can you tell me the difference
between the two?而讲别人好坏话时用speak,如:The father always speaks well of his son.。
考点/易错点5
意义相近的动词:ring摇铃,打铃,电话铃响,strike专指敲钟,打几点,撞击;suggest提出实验性或推测性的建议,advice表示对经验不足人的一种忠告;look 由视觉得出的印象,seem暗示一定根据的判定,appear外表印象而实际或结果并非如此;stay停留,逗留,remain遗物,某物被取走一部分后剩余部分;discover (发现)找到早已存在但未被人所了解的东西,invent(发明)研制出不存在的东西;remember记忆起以前经历或知道的事,remind提醒某人做某事。
考点/易错点6
动词+ 副词+ 介词:
catch up with 追赶上,
look forward to渴望,
come up with想出,
keep up with赶得上;和…保持联系,
go in for 从事,参加,追求
go in for farming 耕作
go in for business 下海,
look down on, 看不起,蔑视,轻视
get on with …在…获得成功,于…友好相处;继续干
三、例题精析
(2017·天津卷) Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter _____, get married, and have
kids.
A. settled down
B. keep off
C. get up
D. cut in
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析:句意:布朗先生和夫人想要看到他们的女儿安顿下来,结婚生子。A.安顿下来;B.远离;C起床;D.擦嘴。根据句意,故选A。
考点:考查动词短语。
【例题2】
(2017·江苏卷)A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help
_______ your year ahead.
A. shape
B. switch
C. stretch
D. sharpen
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析:考查动词的辨析。A. shape塑造,决定……的形成,影响……的发展;
B. switch转变,交换,调班;
C. stretch拉长,拉紧,伸展,伸长,延伸消耗;
D. sharpen提高,使尖锐,变得清晰。句意:快速回顾一年的成败将会决定来年的发展。故选A。【例题3】
(2016·江苏高考)_ He did not _______easily, but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.
A. approach
B. wrestle
C. compromise
D. communicate
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。动词approach靠近,接近;wrestle摔跤,斗争,努力解决;compromise 妥协;和解;让步;communicate交流;句意:他并容易妥协,但是对于正义的事业,他愿意接受任何建设性的建议。根据句意可知C项正确。
(2013·浙江高考)A good listener takes part in the conversation,______ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.
A.realizing B.copying C.offering
D.Misunderstanding
【答案】C
【解析】realize意识到;copy效仿;offer提出,提供;misunderstand误解。句意:一个好的倾听者参与谈话时,要发表观点,提出问题,以保持谈话顺利进行。由句意可知正确答案为C项。offering ideas and raising questions...为现在分词短语,作伴随状语。
四、课堂运用
【基础】
1.(2016·江苏高考) Many businesses started up by college students have________ thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.
A. fallen off
B. taken off
C. turned off
D. left off
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。短语fall off跌落,下降;take off起飞,成功,受欢迎;turn off关闭;leave off停止,中断;句意:由于良好的创业环境,很多大学生创办的生意都很成功。根据句意可知B正确。
2.(2016·天津高考) Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she ____ her opinion on the subject.
A. gave voice to
B. kept an eye on
C. turned a deaf ear of
D. set foot on