名词属格
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e.g.: My classmate Alice’s bike is red. (or: My classmate’s Alice’s) His mother-in-law, Mrs Thomson’s office is on the third floor. (or: His mother-in-law’s, Mrs Thomson’s) Only two students, Tom’s and Tony’s answers were absolutely correct. (or: Only two students’, Tom’s and Tony’s)
乡村生活
country life telephone number stone wall foreign languages school savings bank
⒈代替形容词(或形容词短语)或分词 (或分词短语),如: ● country life→rural life ● China-U.S. relations→SinoAmerican relations ● a launch pad→a launching pad ● cube sugar→sugar formed in the shape of a cube.
D)并列名词表示各自的所有关系时,要在各个名 词之后加-'s,如Mary’s and Bob’s book。如果仅在 第二个名词之后加-‘s(Mary and Bob’s),则指两 人共有的书。 E)“名词词组+同位语”构成属格时,-‘s加在同位 语名词之后,如:his schoolmate Johnson’s,Basel the bookseller’s,也可以前后都加-'s,如Basel’s, the bookseller’s。 F)以咝音/z/结尾的人名,其属格加-‘s或-’均可,如 Dickens’/Dickens’s,Jones’。 但以其他咝音结尾的人名,属格用-’s,如Marx’s, Ross’s等。
e.g.: Lucy and Mary’s father Lucy’s and Mary’s fathers
Xiao Zhang and his wife’s property Xiao Zhang’s and his wife’s property
America and England’s problems (两国共同的问题) America’s and England’s problems (各自的问题) John, Mary and Jack’s books John’s, Mary’s and Jack’s books
有时, 可能同时有两个或两个以上的所有格形式。
e.g.: My brother’s neighbor's sister is a nurse. I came across Xiao Li’s sister’s Husband’s brother last week.
2) Meanings of genitive nouns
作修饰语,有语意上的差别. 前者强调内容或职能;后者侧重属性和特征.
a. a space rocket(宇宙火箭) b. a spacious room(宽敞的房间) a. an art gallery(艺术馆) b. artistic effects(艺术的效果) a. a history department(历史系) b. a historic relic(历史遗迹) a. riot police(防暴警察) b. riotous police(闹事的/暴动的警察)
不定词 no one 的所有格是 no one’s。
e.g.: It is no one’s fault. (谁也没有错。) 另外, 指人的不定代词evHale Waihona Puke Baiduryone, everybody, someone, somebody, no one, nobody 等后续 else 时, 所有格应加在 else 之后。 e.g.: That must be somebody else’s hat. It isn’t mine. No one else’s luggage was opened. 没有别人的行李被打开过。
★ 以 -s 结尾的普通名词后加 ’s,或者只 加 ’。 e.g.: a waitress’s job / a waitress’ job an actress’s career / an actress’ career my boss’s office / my boss’ office the tigress’s tail / the tigress’ tail,etc.
主要内容
名词属格的构成、意义和用法 2. 名词属格和of-词组的比较 3. 独立属格和双重属格
1.
Question Discussion
1.名词属格和名词定语的区别 2. -‘s 属格和of-词组之间的区别
名词属格的构成
男厕所 工人的斗争 别人的包 Carol 和Charles 两人 共有的船 John 和Mary 各自的 房间 理发店
表示相互关系相互代词, 即: each other 和 one
an-other, 所有格应是 each other’s 和 one another’s。 e.g.: They know each other ’s (或one another’s) weak point. 他们了解彼此的弱点。
C) Objective genitive (动宾关系,名词由动词转化而来) (动作的承受者) the younger generation’s education the president’s assassination the war prisoners’ release D) Genitive of origin (来源) Remin Ribao’s editorials Newton’s law ※ the girl’s story
The genitive is chiefly used to denote “possession”, and therefore, is traditionally called “possessive case”. But genitive meanings are by no means restricted to possession. They can be summed up as follows: A) Possessive genitive (所有) China’s territory my son’s wife the Young Pioneer’s red scarf B) Subjective genitive (主谓关系, 其中的名词大多由 动词转化而来) (动作的执行者) the teacher’s praise the student’s application (= The student applied.) the Party’s call
2.
结构二: of +名词
1)表示无生命东西的名词所有关系时,用 of +名词 the legs of the table the title of the book
2) 表示有生命的东西的属格,当该名词有较 长的定语或者为了表达某种感情色彩时,亦 可用of +名词结构: the classroom of the first-year students the wedding of the Prince of Wales the death of the king
e.g.: my boy friend’s sister the go-between’s arrival a cat and dog’s life a week or so’s break in a month or two’s time the editor-in-chief ’s office General Brown’s speech Comrade Lao Wang’s seat Linyi University’s motto the Secretary of State’s visit the Queen of Elizabeth’s beauty Henry the Eighth’s marriage King George the Fifth’s reign Your Majesty’s visit (尊称)
☆ 同位语分限制性的和非限制性的两种。限制性的 同位语告诉读者, 词或词组的意义受其同位语的限制; 非限制性同位语故意不去限制与之同位的词或词组的 意义。例如: John: My sister, Mary, is older than I. Bill: My sister Mary is older than I. 虽然两人在他们的句子中的词完全一样, 但John 在同位语Mary的前后都用了逗号, 他是有意告诉读者, 他只有一个姐妹; 而Bill在Mary前后都没用逗号,他是有意向读者表明, Mary不是他唯一的姐妹。
gold watch 金表
golden watch ?
stone house 石头造的房子 stony heart 铁石般的心肠 peace conference 和平会议 peaceful construction 和平建设
(1)名词属格的构成
A)单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词一般在词尾加-‘s, 如:Milltown's poems,my mother’s arrival, women’s clothes。
B) 以-s 结尾的复数名词在词尾只加-',如: the girls’ dormitory。
C)复合名词和作为一个整体的名词词组构成属格时, 在最后一个词的结尾加's, 如:my mother-in-law’s death, an hour and a half’s talk, somebody else’s opinion
由首字母组成的缩略词, 如果是单数, 所有格的构成
是’s; 是复数时, 其后则只加 ’。 e.g.: the PM’s (=Prime Minister’s) secretary the PMs’ (=Prime Ministers’) meeting 首相们的会晤 the VIP’s (=very important person’s) escort 要人的警卫队 the VIPs’ (=very important persons’) presence 要人们的到来
• • • •
men’s room workers’ struggle somebody else’s bag Carol and Charles’ boat
• John’s and Mary’s rooms • the barber’s
• • 电话号码 • 石墙 • 外国语学院 • 储蓄所
E) Descriptive genitive (类别) women’s magazines children’s language a doctor’s degree
F) Genitive of time, distance, measure, value, etc. ten minutes’ break two or three minutes’ absence a mile’s distance 50 kilograms’ weight twenty dollars’ value two pounds’ worth of stamps
代替介词短语,如: ● a tool box→a box for tools. ● a television programme→ a programme on television. ● apple seeds →the seeds of an apple.
2.
名词作修饰语时,与同词根的形容词或分词