高三英语语法讲义之非谓语动词
高考英语重难点语法讲解 非谓语动词
高考英语重难点语法讲解非谓语动词高考英语重难点语法讲解-非谓语动词高中语法——非限定动词一、非谓语动词种类在英语中,不充当句子谓语但具有除谓语以外的其他语法功能的动词称为非谓语动词。
非限定动词有动词不定式(theinfinitive);动名词(thegerund);现在分词(thepresentparticiple);过去分词(thepastparticiple)。
二、分类:(1)不定式的形式:主动被动一般式towritetobewritten进行式tobewriting/完成式tohavewrittentohavebeenwritten否定式not+(to)do1)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后,例如:i’mgladtomeetyou.heseemstoknowalot.weplantopayavisit.hewantstobeanartist.患者要求进行一次手术。
theteacherorderedtheworktobedone.2)进行式:不定式的进行式所代表的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生,例如:男孩继续努力工作heseemstobereadinginhisroom.3)完成式:不定式的完成式表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前,例如:iregrettedtohave toldalieihappenedtohaveseenthefilm.heispleasedtohavemethisfriend.(2)动名词的形式:voice 1式一般式完成式否定式1)一般式:主动语态“什么都没做”+动名词被动语态“被看见”就是“看见”就是“相信”。
2)被动式:他没被邀请就去了派对。
他没有被邀请就来参加聚会了。
3)完成式:我们记得看过这部电影。
我们记得看过这部电影。
4)完成被动式:他在五年前卖掉了肯托广州的啤酒。
他忘了五岁时被带到广州。
5)否定:不+动名词iregretnotfollowinghisadvice.我后悔没听他的劝告。
高考英语语法专题复习讲义-非谓语动词
第二章非谓语动词一、考点聚焦2、动词不定式复心中应注意的几个问题(1)不定式作表语与“be + to do sth.”的异同。
不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。
His job is to guard.(说明内容)be + to do sth.(表示按计划要做的事)(2)带不定式作宾语的词语。
下列词语常不定式作宾语:afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire 等。
下列动词后可接疑问词+不定式:teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find、out、advise、discuss等。
(3)如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。
①动词see、watch、notice、hear、listen to、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have 等的宾补用动词原形,变被动时要加to,此时的不定式就是主语补足语。
②常用带不定式作宾补的几种情况:主语+ ask / require / tell / order / force / get / want / like + sb.to do sth.③主语+ think / judge / suppose / believe / consider /imagine/consider / feel + sb. + to be/ to have done④主语+ call on / upon / depend on / wait for / ask for + sb.+ to do sth.(4)不定式作定语的特殊用法。
①下列词语后常接不定式作定语:chance、wish、right、cou rage、need、promise、time、opportunity、way、the first、the second、the last、the only等。
高考英语:非谓语动词考点精华讲义
高考英语:非谓语动词考点精华讲义高三的一轮复习已经进行了一大半,许多同学做题依然错误百出,其中一个重要原因是不能看懂句子结构,甚至分不清谓语动词和非谓语动词。
今天分享一下我总结的非谓语动词复习讲义,希望能够帮助大家更好地掌握这一重要的语法专题。
一、分类:动词不定式、动词-ing形式、动词的过去分词总的特点:1.非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语与主句主语保持一致。
2.Doing/T o do (sth.)+单数V : 非谓语动词作主语,谓语用单数。
二、动词不定式1、特点:表将来2、形式:①基本型:to+动词原形(do)。
②被动式:to be done ③完成时:to have done ④进行时:to be doing3、句子功能:主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语(宾补)Eg: ①To catch the early train, you`ll have to get up early.(目的状语)②I rushed there in a taxi only to find the library closed.(结果状语:意外结果)。
③This is very good music to dance to.(定语)④It is necessary to learn English well.(主语,it 为形式主语)4、不定式的省略1)(为了避免重复)并列结构中第二个to:I want to get up early and read English.例外:前后表对比时,to不可省去:To be or not to be ,that is the question.It is better to lose one’s life than to lose one’s spirit.2) (为了避免重复)省去to后的不定式结构:—Would you liketo go shopping?—Yes,I`d like to.例外:to后有have/be时,保留be或have—Did you go shopping yesterday? —No, but I ought to have.5、不定式主动形式表被动意义1)主(sth)+ be + 主补/表语(表性质的adj. + to do)2) 主+Vt + 宾语 + 宾补(adj.+ to do)3) 主 + Vt+ 宾语+定语(to do): 不定式作定语与所修饰的名词(代词)构成逻辑动宾关系,又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
高中英语语法非谓语动词讲解
高中英语语法非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词是英语中的一种特殊动词形式,它们可以在句子中作名词、形容词或副词的作用。
高中英语语法中,非谓语动词主要分为不定式、动名词和分词三种形式。
1. 不定式不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成,如:to go、to study。
不定式在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。
1.1 作主语不定式作主语时,句子用“it + be + 不定式”结构,如:It is important to learn English well.1.2 作宾语不定式作宾语时,常跟在及物动词后面,如:I want to play soccer.1.3 作表语1.4 作定语不定式作定语时,修饰名词或代词,如:a book to read.1.5 作状语不定式作状语时,表示目的、结果、原因等,如:He came here to see his friend.2. 动名词动名词是由动词加-ing构成的名词,如:playing、studying。
动名词在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。
2.1 作主语动名词作主语时,常用单数形式,如:Swimming is good for health.2.2 作宾语动名词作宾语时,常跟在及物动词后面,如:I enjoy playing basketball.2.3 作表语动名词作表语时,句子用“主语 + be + 动名词”结构,如:His hobby is swimming.2.4 作定语2.5 作状语动名词作状语时,表示方式、时间、原因等,如:He made money by working hard.3. 分词分词是由动词的变化形式构成的形容词,常分为现在分词和过去分词两种形式。
分词在句子中可以作定语、表语或状语。
3.1 现在分词作定语现在分词作定语时,修饰名词或代词,如:a crying baby.3.2 过去分词作定语过去分词作定语时,修饰名词或代词,如:a broken window.3.3 分词作表语分词作表语时,句子用“主语 + be + 分词”结构,如:He is tired.3.4 分词作状语分词作状语时,表示时间、原因、条件等,如:Walking slowly, he reached the destination.以上是高中英语语法非谓语动词的讲解,希望对你有所帮助。
高三英语一轮语法复习之非谓语动词写作指导讲义
非谓语动词写作指导第一局部:非谓语动词在剧中所做成分一、非谓语动词作状语George returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him.乔治战后归来,却被告知他的妻子已经离他而去。
One evening Harry phoned me, asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible.一天晚上哈里给我打,要求我尽快去他家。
Seriously injured, he had to be taken to hospital immediately.因为受伤较重,他得被立即送往医院。
二、非谓语动词作宾语She pretended not to see me when I passed by.当我经过时,她假装没看见我。
I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺,并记得在那里所看到的一切。
三、非谓语动词作宾补I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.我抬头看,注意到一条蛇正沿树蜿蜒而上,捕捉它的早餐。
I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much.发现我的家乡变化如此之大我感到很惊奇。
I saw him go upstairs.我看到他上楼了。
四、非谓语动词作定语Laura was away in Paris fbr over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail waitingfor her.劳拉去巴黎待了一周多的时间。
高中英语语法非谓语动词讲解
⾼中英语语法⾮谓语动词讲解⾮谓语动词●概述⾮谓语动词,主要指在主句中表⽰⼀个动作但不能充当谓语,⽽是充当其他语法功能的词。
⾮谓语动词没有⼈称和数的变化,但是有语态和时态的变化。
●⾮谓语动词的三种形式⾮谓语动词有三种:动词不定式、动名词和分词。
这三个基本形式的基础上会有⼀些变化:1.动词不定式2.动名词3.分词●动词不定式的⽤法1.动词不定式的否定式not toShe decided not to be late again.2.动词不定式的完成式完成式表⽰的动作或状态发⽣在位于动词表⽰的动作或状态之前。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting.注意若谓语为表⽰“愿望、打算、意图”的动词时,如hope, think, want, plan, expect, mean, intend等,其后可以跟不定式的完成式表⽰“本来想要或打算做某事,⽽实际上未能实现”。
如:We meant to have stopped him from doing such a thing.征,则构成不定式符合结构的介词应为of前⾯常⽤的形容词有:kind, nice, foolish, silly, stupid, rude, cruel, wise, clever, brace, selfish, crazy, good, careful, careless, impolite, right, wrong等。
It is very kind of you to help me.区别It is important for us to learn English well.4.在某些动词后,可⽤it做形式宾语,然后加宾语补⾜语,最后加不定式作真正的并于。
常见的动词有find, think consider, feel, make等。
They find it difficult to repay the money.5.动词+不定式作宾补ask, want, invite, get, force, expect, allow, persuade, order, warn, remind order, cause, permit, forbid, advise, teach等。
高考英语语法非谓语动词分析讲义
高中英语语法非谓语动词分析及巩固练习1.定义:动词除在句子中作谓语以外,还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等,这就是动词的非谓语动词。
可分为三种:动词不定式、分词和动名词。
2.动词不定式:to +动词原形(在某些情况下可以不带to )。
(没有人称和数的变化,可以有自己的宾语和状语,可以有时态和语态的变化)1 一般式:主动语态:to do , 被动语态:to be + 动词过去分词 (表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或之后发生)2 进行式:主动语态:to be doing , 被动语态:无 (表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生)3 完成式:主动语态:to have +动词过去分词,被动语态:to have been +动词过去分词 (表示动作或状态在谓语动作之前就发生)4 用法:A.作主语:To learn a foreign language is not easy . = It's not easy to learn a foreign language .B.作表语:The most important thing is to finish the work on time .C.作宾语:a. 动词+to do . He decided to buy a new watch . (agree, choose, want, hope, like, wish, learn, love, plan, try, start, afford …)b. 动词+疑问词+to do I don't know where to put the bike .c. 动词+形式宾语(it)+宾补+to do I find it important to learn a second foreign language .D.作补语:a. 动词+宾语+to do Tom asked me to show him the new shoes . (tell, wish, ask, want, like, beg, invite, allow,encourage…)b. 动词+宾语+不带to的动词 He often saw Tom play football .(see, hear, feel, watch, notice, have, make, let…)E.作状语:a. 表示目的:He went to Guangzhou to see his sons . He got up early in order to catch the first bus .b. 表示结果:He is too tired to walk any farther . They aren't old enough to go to school .c. 表示原因:He is sorry to hear that . I am glad to see you .F.作定语: I have something to tell you . I want to buy something to eat .5 动词不定式to 的省略:A.在感官动词feel, hear, see, watch, notice 及使役动词have, let, make等后面要省to,但在变被动语态时要还原不定式to。
高三英语复习非谓语动词考点总结归纳讲义
非谓语动词考点总结归纳非谓语动词包括不定式,动名词和分词。
它们是高中所学的基础语法,也是高考必考内容。
既是高考的难点又是高考的热点。
真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识:①具有句子结构的知识,会分析句子成分。
②具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识,要分得清双宾语和复合宾语。
③具有扎实而丰富的动词知识,要分得清及物动词和不及物动词。
④具备各种复合句的知识,能够拆析复合句和长难句。
1.三种非谓语动词的构成及变化形式。
●过去分词 done (无变化)●所有非谓语动词的否定形式都是把否定副词not,never放在非谓语动词的前面。
2. 三种非谓语动词形式句法功能比较考点一:非谓语作主语。
1. 在很多情况下没有明显的不同. Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe.2. 不定式做主语表示某一次具体的,特定的或有待实现的动作, 而动名词则表示通常的情况.eg:To tell him the truth would be the best. / Painting is an art.动词不定式(短语)作主语时,另一种形式是在句首用先行代词it作形式主语,而将动词不定式(短语)移到谓语之后作真正主语。
用于这种形式是一些特定形容词,动词和名词1)形容词作表语It is adj/n.(for sb.) to do sth. (常见的形容词是:necessary,important,possible等)It is adj./n.(of sb.) to do sth. (常见的形容词是clever,stupid,foolish,wise,cruel等)2)常见的动词有:require, cost, amuse, delight, annoy等eg: It takes much time to do sth./ It didn’t occur to me to ask him to help me.3)一些名词作表语eg: It seems a pity to waste them./It is a great pleasure to do this./It is a good idea to think this way动名词做主语时常用的句型有:It is nice doing sth./It’s foolish doing sth./It is useless doing that/It’s a waste of time doing this./It’s worth one’s while doing sth./ It’s no good (use) doing that.It’s an awful job doing this. /It’s fun doing this.There is/ was no sense in doing/no point in doing考点二:非谓语动词作宾语详细见5+3 P70-72页补充:1.begin和start在下列三种情况下, 通常跟不定式, 不跟动名词1) 当begin和start的主语是无生命之物时. eg: Snow began to melt.2) 当begin和start用于进行时时. eg: He is beginning to study English.3) 当begin和start后面跟着一些表示心理状态的词时. eg: I began to believe his story.2. be afraid to do 不敢去做…… be afraid of doing 害怕发生某事3. be sure to do 一定会…… be sure of doing 确信会……eg: Tom is sure to pass the exam.(说话人的看法, 认为Tom 一定会考试通过.)Tom is sure of passing the exam. ( Tom 对自己通过考试很有把握.)考点三:非谓语动词作表语不定式、动名词、分词做表语:1.不定式做表语常表示谓语动词所表示动作之后发生的动作。
高中英语语法非谓语动词详解
高中英语语法非谓语动词详解高中英语语法非谓语动词详解在高级英语语法中,非谓语动词是非常重要的一部分,也是理解和掌握英语语法的关键。
非谓语动词在句子中扮演着重要的角色,可以表达不同的意思和功能。
本文将详细解释非谓语动词的定义、类型和用法,并通过实例进行分析和解释。
一、定义和类型非谓语动词指的是在句子中不作为主要动词的动词形式,它们可以表达动词本身的含义,但没有主语和谓语动词。
非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种类型。
1、动词不定式:动词不定式是以“to+”动词原形构成的,表示动词的不同形式,如“to do”、“to being”、“to have done”等。
2、动名词:动名词是在动词后加上“-ing”构成的,表示动词的现在分词形式,如“playing”、“swimming”、“jumping”等。
3、分词:分词是动词的过去分词形式,分为现在分词和过去分词两种。
现在分词表示动词的动作正在进行,如“running”、“singing”、“dancing”等;过去分词表示动词的动作已经完成,如“finished”、“eaten”、“read”等。
二、非谓语动词的用法非谓语动词在句子中可以扮演不同的成分,如主语、宾语、状语等。
下面我们通过具体的例子来分析非谓语动词的用法:1、动词不定式:在句子中,动词不定式可以作为主语、宾语和状语等。
例如,“To learn English is important”(学习英语很重要)中,动词不定式“to learn English”作为主语;或者在“I want to go home”(我想回家)中,动词不定式“to go home”作为宾语。
2、动名词:在句子中,动名词可以作为主语、宾语和状语等。
例如,“Playing sports is fun”(做运动很有趣)中,动名词“Playing sports”作为主语;或者在“I enjoy listening to music”(我喜欢听音乐)中,动名词“listening to music”作为宾语。
高考英语非谓语动词精品讲义
高考英语非谓语动词讲义第一部分、非谓语动词种类及句法功能(一)概述在英语中,不作句子谓语,而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词,叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词有动词不定式(the Infinitive);动名词(the Gerund);现在分词(the Present Participle);过去分词(the Past Participle)。
1、非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有:1)如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如:They built a garden.They suggested building a garden.2)都可以被状语修饰:The suit fits him very well.The suit used to fit him very well.3)都有主动与被动, “体”式(一般式;进行式;完成式)的变化。
例如:He was punished by his parents.(谓语动词被动语态)He avoided being punished by his parents.(动名词的被动式)We have written the composition.(谓语动词的完成时)Having written the composition, we handed it in.(现在分词的完成式)4)都可以有逻辑主语They started the work at once.(谓语动词的逻辑主语)The boss ordered them to start the work.(动词不定式的逻辑主语)We are League members.(谓语动词的主语)We being League member, the work was well done.(现在分词的逻辑主语)2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有:1)非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
2)非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。
高考英语语法专题复习:非谓语动词讲义(不定式、动名词
高中英语语法专题复习03 非谓语动词(不定式、动名词&现在分词、过去分词)非谓语动词谓语动词在句子中有三种作用:1. 表示动作的时间,tense (时)2. 表示动作的状态,aspect (体)3. 表示动作的语气,mood (气)谓语动词的“时体气”,通过动词变位实现。
例如,The rabbit ate a carrot.The rabbit is eating a carrot.The rabbit has eaten a carrot.谓语动词在句子中受到主语的限制,随之出现了时态和人称的变化,成为一种被限定了的动词,所以也被称为限定性动词(finite verb)。
与之相对的,不受主语限制的动词,称为非限定性动词(non-finite verb),也就是非谓语动词。
非谓语动词不具备表达时态和人称的作用。
例如,I like to eat carrot.I liked eating carrot.The rabbit likes minced carrot.非谓语动词有四种形式:1. 不定式 infinitive2. 动名词 gerund3. 现在分词 present participle4. 过去分词 past participle谓语动词是简单句的核心动词,非谓语动词只可能出现在其他的句子成分中。
1. 主语例:Swimming makes us hale and hearty.2. 宾语例:Janet suddenly stopped talking.3. 表语/主语补语例:Her wish is to become a doctor in the future.4. 宾语补语例:I invited him to come here.5. 定语例:Don't disturb the sleeping dog.6. 状语例:He went to the supermarket to buy a pen.不定式、动名词句子的核心动词只能由谓语动词充当,而非谓语动词可以充当句子的其他成分。
高中英语语法――非谓语动词讲解
⾼中英语语法――⾮谓语动词讲解⾼中英语语法――⾮谓语动词⼀、⾮谓语动词的概念动词的基本⽤法是作谓语。
当句中已经有了谓语动词了,要选或要填的动词就只能⽤⾮谓语形式了。
⾮谓语形式有三种:1、动词不定式:to do 2、动词的ing : doing 3、动词的过去分词:done⼆、三种形式的含义(基本⽤法)不定式:表⽰⽬的和将来;动词的ing:表⽰主动和进⾏;过去分词:表⽰被动和完成。
在⾮谓语动词前加not, never. 即not / never to do, not / never doing五、⾮谓语动词的复合结构不定式的复合结构:for / of sb. to do sth.动词ing 形式的复合结构:宾格或所有格+doing (-ing 形式作主语时,⽤的所有格+doing)六、⾮谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否⽤⾮谓语形式。
⽅法:看看句⼦中是否已有了谓语动词了2、找⾮谓语动词的逻辑主语。
⽅法:⾮谓语动词的逻辑主语⼀般是句⼦的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。
⽅法:⾮谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
4、判断时间关系。
⽅法:分析句⼦,看看⾮谓语动词所表⽰的动作发⽣在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。
之前常⽤done; 之后常⽤to do; 同时常⽤doing.学习⾮谓语形式时,建议把三种形式⼀起来⽐较学习,会更加有效⼀些。
⼀、⾮谓语动词作主语和表语的⽐较1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语a. 不定式表⽰⼀次性的、具体的动词。
动词ing 常表⽰⼀般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。
如:________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walkB. WalkingC. To walkD. Walk(分析) a good form 暗⽰泛指⼀般的⾏为,⽤动名词作主语,选 Bb. 不定式作主语时,常⽤it 作形式主语,即⽤句型:It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth.It’s important for us to learn English well.It’s kind of you to help us.注意:下⾯⼏个句型是⽤动名词:It’s no good / use doing sth.It’s useless doing sth.There is no need to do sth.2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的⽐较1、不定式、动名词作表语,.表⽰主语的内容。
高中英语非谓语动词语法讲解(共60张PPT)
The platform which has been built will be used
语
to perform on. √
❖ 2. Having given her opinion about the building,
she left the meeting.
作
Having been used for a long time, the computer 状
(3)下列动词接不定式与接~ing形式意义相近:
❖ like,love, hate, dislike, begin, start, prefer, continue, intend,attempt等.
e.g:I prefer making (to make) an outline before I do my oral
Written in simple English, the book is easy to read
❖ 2. Being used by me now,the bike can’t be lent to you.
❖ 3. Having been used for many years, the bike needs repairing.
I prefer to stay at home today.(具体某次行为) He prefers walking to cycling.(惯常行为)
*一般说来不能用于进行时的动词如:realize, know,understand,see,lose等,多用不定式 如:I began to realize I had been wrong.
❖ 2.Japan is a developed country =a country which has developed.
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高三英语语法讲义——非谓语动词1.定义: 即非限定性动词,在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分。
2.有三种形式:动词不定式、分词和动名词。
一、动词不定式【要点点拨】动词不定式表现为两种形式:to do 或do,其否定形式为not to do. 不定式可以带宾语或者状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。
基本用法:1、作主语:To build the bridge needs much money.一般用It作形式主语放在句首,把不定式短语放于句末。
It is right to give up smoking.【2012.江西.单选】It’s very nice ___ you ___my parents your best wishes.A. of; sendingB. of; to sendC. for; to sendD. for; sending [答案] B. 句型It is adj. + of sb to do sth和It is adj. + for sb to do sth 的区别:前者一般用来表示人的性格,品德,所用的形容词一般表示主观感情或态度,如good,kind,nice,clever等;后者常用于表示事物的特征、特点,所用的形容词一般表示客观形式,如easy,hard,difficult,interesting等。
2、作宾语:The child pretended to be sleeping / asleep when I cameback home.注意:当不定式短语作宾语,还带有宾语补足语时,往往常用it 作形式宾语,把不定式宾语放于补语之后。
We think it is possible to finish the work in a week.补充:有些动词后只能用不定式作宾语。
如:decide,plan,desire,expect,hope,wish,pretend,promise,refuse,afford,agree,ask,fail,tend,manage等。
3、作定语:表示一个未发生的动作,放于被修饰的名词之后。
The building to be built will be used as a hospital.(1)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。
He is looking for a room to live in.(2)当作定语的不定式修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式既可以用主动语态,也可以用被动语态,但其含义不同。
比较:Have you anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗?---to send 的动作执行者是“你”。
Have you anything to be sent?你有什么要(“我”或别人)寄的东西吗?---to be sent 的动作执行者是“我”或别人。
4、作状语:1)目的状语:常见形式有:to…. / in order to…. / so asto….We got up early in order to catch the first bus.2)结果状语:常见形式有:too…. to… / so….as to….(不能置于句首) / only to….Would you be so kind as to help me with my English?He returned home 15 years later, only to find his house burntdown.3)原因状语:We were very excited to hear the news.4)条件状语:To look at him, you would like him.= If you look at him, you will like him.补充:不定式也可以在作表语的形容词后面作状语:I am very glad to hear it.5、宾语补足语:He asked me to do work with him.注意:在feel,hear,notice,observe,see,watch,have,let,make 等词后的补足语中,不定式不带to,但这些句子如果变成被动结构,就必须带to.如:I often hear him sing the song.He is often heard to sing the song.注意:不定式在介词but后面时,如果介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么,这些介词后的不定式不带to,否则要带to。
She could do nothing but cry.I have no choice but to go.另外,在can’t choose but …和can’t help but… 等后面的不定式也省略to。
【2014.江西.单选】Jack loves sports. He is often seen___ basketball on the school playground.A.playB. playingC. playsD. to play[答案] D. see sb doing sth表示看见某人正在做某事;see sb do sth看见某人做某事,强调看见过程。
本句的意思是经常看见Jack在学校操场上打篮球,强调他打篮球的过程。
See后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to,但改为被动结构之后,要把省略了的to加上。
6、表语:位于系动词后,补充主语。
Their task is to build a railway in a year.7、不定式与疑问词who,which,when,where,how,what等连用,在句中起名词作用,可充当主语,表语,宾语等:如:How to solve the problem is very important. (主语)The question is how to get there. (表语)He didn’t know what to say. (宾语)注意:在与why连用的时候,只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中,且不定式不带to。
如:Why not have a rest?补充:不定式作独立结构,在句中作插入语。
常用的有:to tell the truth , to be frank , to make things worse…二、分词:【要点点拨】分词可分为:现在分词和过去分词两类。
现在分词通常含有主动和进行两个概念。
过去分词通常含有被动和完成两个概念。
1.现在分词--- V-ing ,过去分词---V-ed.2.基本用法:1、作定语:单个的分词作定语一般放于被修饰的名词前,分词短语作定语应放在被修饰的名词后,分词及分词短语作定语时均可以发展为一个定语从句。
a developed country = a country which has been developed.an understanding man = a man who understands othersOr:The girl reading over there (The girl who was reading over there) soon fell asleep.The broken window (The window which was broken) will be replaced soon.过去分词短语作定语有三种时态:done:表示动作已发生;to be done:表示动作将要发生;being done:表示动作正在发生。
对比以下三句:The bridge built last year (which was built last year) is very beautiful. The bridge to be built next month (which will be built next month) will be very long.The bridge being built (which is being built) will be completed nextmonth.【2014.江西.单选】Anyone ___in the exam will be pnished.A. seen cheatB. seen cheatingC. saw to cheatD. sawcheating[答案] B 句意为“在考试中,任何人被发现正在作弊,将会被惩罚。
”see sb doing sth是固定结构,意为“发现某人正在做某事”。
Anyone 和see之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词短语作定语。
2、作状语:分词作状语实际上就是一个并列句或者状语从句的省略,并对句子稍稍改动。
现在分词作状语可分为:一般式(doing):表示分词动作与谓语动作同时发生;完成式(having done):表示分词动作发生于谓语动作之前。
The old man passed away, leaving a lot of debts unpaid.Having finished (After he had finished) his exercises, hewent to play basketball.过去分词短语作状语可分为:一般式(done):表示分词动作与谓语动作同时发生或分词动作发生于谓语动作前;完成式(having been done):强调分词动作发生于谓语动作之前。
Scolded (As she was scolded) by the teacher, the girl sat there without lifting her head.Having been kept (As he had been kept) in prison for many years, he went mad.注:分词短语作状语,其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语,如果分词的逻辑主语并不是主句的主语,而另有其逻辑主语,则应在分词前补上其逻辑主语,构成独立主格结构。
独立主格结构相当于一个状语从句。
e.g. The baby sleeping (As the baby was sleeping)in the room, we darednot turn up the TV.【2015.山西特岗.单选】___the course very difficulty, he decided to move a lower level.A. FindB. FindingC. To findD. Found[答案] B 本句主语he 与find之间是主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。