语法基本句型

基本句型

句子成分构成了英语中各种类型的句子，但所有的句子中最基本的句型有五种。其他各种句型都是由这五种基本句型转换来的。

1．S+V

这种句式中的动词为不及物动词。

⑴不及物动词类

在英语中大多数动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，纯粹属于不及物动词的词很少。常见的不及物动词有apologise, appear, arrive, come, die, disappear, dive, exit, fall, flow, happen, rise 等。

She never lies. 她从不撒谎。

The fire happened during the night. 大火发生在夜里。

Sally apologized to Danny for her mistakes. 莎丽为她的错误向丹妮道了歉。

⑵及物动词转化来的不及物动词

有些及物动词也可作不及物动词用。常见的此类动词有wish, sell, lock, wear, write, read 等。

This new pen writes very smoothly. 这只钢笔写起来很流畅。

Poems don’t translate easily. 诗歌不好翻译。

My recent book sells very well. 我最近出的书卖得很好。

2．S+V+O

英语中绝大多数及物动词都是只带一个宾语的动词。只跟一个宾语的动词叫单宾语及物动词。常见的有accept, admire, admit, affect, afford, announce, borrow, bury, celebrate, cover, defeat, defend, destroy, devote, discover, educate, enjoy, equip, explain, forget, guess, invent, love, post, raise, supply, use 等。

He has accepted our invitation. 他已经接受了我们的邀请。

I have borrowed four books from library. 我从图书馆借了四本书。

3. S+V+P

这种句型结构主要指谓语动词为连系动词的情况。

The weather continued windy and rainy. 天气持续刮风下雨。

We should remain modest and prudent any time. 我们任何时候都应该保持谦虚谨慎。

The weather is becoming warmer. 天气正在变暖。

They’ve just got married. 他们刚结婚。

The milk went sour. 这些牛奶变酸了。

All my hair turns grey. 我的头发全变白了。

Children grow wiser as they grow. 孩子们越长越聪明。

All his dreams have come true. 他所有的梦想都变成了现实。

4. S+V+Oi+Od

这是带双宾语的句式结构，Oi为简接宾语，Od为直接宾语。直接宾语是指物的名词或代词，表示动作给予的对象，间接宾语是指人的名

词或代词，表示动作的接受对象。

5. S+V+O+C

“主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语”是英语中较为常见的句式。可作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing形式、动词的-ed形式等。

⑴形容词作宾补

They painted the door red. 他们把门漆成了红色。

Keep the children quiet.使孩子们保持安静。

We all imagine him foolish.我们都认为他傻。

⑵名词作宾补

We all call the boy Sara.我们都叫这个婴儿莎拉。

I find him a reliable man.我发现他是个可信赖的人。

We have made our school a beautiful garden.我们已把我们的学校变成一个美丽的花园。

⑶不定式作宾补

①带to的不定式作宾补

We have invited all our friends to come.我们已把我们所有的朋友都邀请来了。

Will you ask Marry to help us? 你能让玛丽帮我们吗？

I would like to tell you to give me a ring as soon as you arrive there.我想让你一到那儿就给我打电话。

②不带to的不定式作宾补

Will you have Mary call me back? 你能玛丽给我回电话吗？

She noticed a car crash into a big tree nearby.她注意到一辆汽车撞到了

附近的大树上。

⑷动词-ing形式作宾补

We last saw the boy playing nearby the river bank.我们最后看到那个小

男孩时他正在河边玩。

I can hear someone playing the violin next door.我听见有人在隔壁拉小

提琴。

I saw Tom being punished by his parents.我看见汤姆正在被他父母惩罚。

⑸动词的-ed形式作宾补

I will have all my clothes washed this afternoon.今天下午我将把所有衣服都洗完。

Nobody noticed the office broken into.没人发现有人闯入办公室。

⑹“as/for+名词/代词”作宾补

Most nations recognize Taiwan as part of China.大多数人认为台湾是中国的一部分。