不可抗力条款 Force Majeure

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Force Majeure and Notice不可抗力与通知条款

Force Majeure and Notice不可抗力与通知条款

Force Majeure and Notice(不可抗力与通知条款)翻译1. Force majeure means an event beyond the control of a Party, as a result of which the Party is unable to perform its obligations under this Contract. An event of Force Majeure includes, but is not limited to, prohibition or acts by government or public agency, riot, war, hostility, public disturbance, strikes, other labor disputes and work stoppages, failure or interruption of transportation or other utilities, epidemic, fire, flood, earthquake, storm, tidal wave or other acts of nature.Force majeure preventing a party from performing any of its obligations under this Contract, in whole or in part, may be asserted against the other party only if the prevented party gives notice by registered mail of the inception and cessation of the force majeure within fifteen (15) days in each case enclosing a confirmation by the proper authorities or published information attesting the reality of the facts and the accuracy of the data supplied. A party claiming force majeure has the burden to prove the direct relationship between the force majeure and the non-performance of its obligations under this Contract.2. Should any Party be directly prevented from executing this Agreement or be delayed in performing this Agreement by any event of force majeure, such as earthquake, typhoon, flood, fire and war and other unforeseen events, the happening and consequences of which are unpreventable and unavoidable, the affected Party shall notify the other Parties without delay and, within fifteen (15) days thereafter, provide detailed information regarding the events of force majeure and sufficient proof thereof, explaining the reason for its inability to perform or the delay in the execution of all or part of this Agreement. A certificate issued by the Chamber of Commerce or other appropriate authority where such circumstances occur shall be sufficient proof of the existence of such circumstances and their duration. The Parties shall, through consultations, decide whether to alter the Agreement to reflect the effects of the event of force majeure on the performance of this Agreement or to terminate the Agreement in the event that such force majeure persists for a period of six (6) months or more.3. If one Party is prevented from performing any of its obligations under this Agreement due to an event of force majeure, the time for performing the obligations under this Agreement specifically prevented from performance by such event of force majeure shall be extended by a period equal to the period of delay caused by such event of force majeure. The party claiming inability to perform its obligations due to an event of force majeure shall take appropriate measures to minimize or remove the effects of the event of force majeure and, within the shortest possible time, do its best to resume performance of the obligation (s) affected by the event of force majeure. If an event of force majeure occurs, neither party shall be responsible for any damage, increased cost or loss which the other party may sustain by reason of such a failure or delay of performance, and such failure or delay shall not be deemed a breach of this Agreement. All other obligations under this Agreement and the time for performance thereof shall not be affected thereby.4. Notices or other communications required to be given by one Party pursuant to this Agreement shall be written in Chinese and may be delivered personally, sent by registered airmail (postage prepaid), by courier service or by facsimile transmission to the address of the other party set forth below or to such other address as may from time to time be designated by such party through notification to the other party. The dates on such notices shall be deemed to have been effectively given shall be determined as follows:a) Notices given by personal delivery shall be deemed effectively given on the date of personal delivery, provided that receipt shall be acknowledged in writing by the receiving party;b) Notices sent by registered airmail (postage prepaid) shall be deemed effectively given on the tenth (10th) day after the date on which they were mailed (as indicated by the postmark);c) Notices sent by courier shall be deemed effectively given on the third (3rd) day after they were sent by courier service;d) Notices sent by facsimile transmission shall be deemed effectively given on the first (1st) business day following the date of transmission, as indicated on the document in question.During the valid term of this Agreement, if any party changes its address at any time, it shall forthwith notify the other party in writing of such change.参考译文不可抗力、通知1. “不可抗力”指一方不能控制的、导致该方不能履行其在本合同项下义务的事件。

18第十八章 不可抗力

18第十八章 不可抗力

• 二、不可抗力的处理 • 1.及时作出不可抗力证明文件,并通知另一方提 出处理的意见。 • 2.收到通知方的不可抗力的通知,要及时作出回 复。 • 3.协商决定解除合同或变更合同(替代履行、减 少履行、迟延履行)。 • 不可抗力的文件一般由商会或登记注册的公证行 作出。
• 第三节 买卖合同中的不ຫໍສະໝຸດ 抗力条款第十八章 不可抗力
不可抗力(FORCE MAJEURE)条款是指合同中 •不可抗力(FORCE MAJEURE)条款是指合同中 订明如当事人因不可抗力不能履行合同的全部或部 分义务的,免除其全部或部分的责任。另一方当事 人不得对此要求损害赔偿。不可抗力条款是一种免 责条款。
第一节不可抗力的认定和处理
• 一、不可抗力的认定 • 1.事件是在有关合同成立以后发生的。 • 2.不是由于任何一方当事人的故意或过失所造成 的。 • 3.事件的发生及其造成的后果是当事人无法预见、 无法控制、无法避免和不可克服的。 • 自然原因-洪水、暴风、干旱、暴风雪、地震等 自然灾害。 • 社会原因-战争、罢工、政府禁止有关商品进出 口等社会异常事件。
• 1.概括式。2.列举式。3.综合式。

购销合同不可抗力条款范本

购销合同不可抗力条款范本

购销合同不可抗力条款范本英文回答:A force majeure clause is an important provision in a purchase and sales contract that addresses unforeseeable circumstances that may prevent one or both parties from fulfilling their obligations under the contract. Thisclause essentially excuses a party from liability if performance becomes impossible or impracticable due to events beyond their control.Here is a sample force majeure clause for a purchaseand sales contract:Force Majeure: Neither party shall be liable for any failure or delay in performance under this Agreement whichis due to any event beyond the reasonable control of such party, including but not limited to acts of God, war, terrorism, natural disasters, labor disputes, government actions, and other events beyond the control of the parties.In the event of any such force majeure event, the non-performing party will be excused from any further performance of its obligations affected by the force majeure event for as long as the event continues and such party continues to use commercially reasonable efforts to resume performance.This clause provides a level of protection for both the buyer and the seller in the event that unforeseen circumstances make it impossible to fulfill the terms of the contract. It is important to carefully consider and negotiate the specific terms of the force majeure clause to ensure that it adequately addresses the potential risks and liabilities of both parties.中文回答:购销合同中的不可抗力条款是一项重要的规定,用于解决可能阻止一方或双方履行合同义务的不可预见情况。

不可抗力条款 Force Majeure

不可抗力条款 Force Majeure

不可抗力条款Force MajeureFORCE MAJEURE不可抗力例1 买卖双方除履行付款义务外, 因以下事由造成买卖任一方无法履行合同规定的义务或履行延误的,买卖任一方均不对此承担任何责任, 事由具体内容如下: 因不可抗力所致超出买卖任一方力合理控制范围内的不可抗力事件,不可抗力发生, 及出现的不可抗力情况,包括不影响前述事由的一般情况; 天灾,罢工,火灾,洪水,材料损毁;事故, 恶劣天气所致无法履行义务或造成义务履行延误;海难, 禁运,事故, 政府当局公布的限制规定(包括配给,优先事项,征用,报价和价格控制等等)造成义务无法履行或义务履行延误.Neither seller nor buyer shall be liable in damages or otherwise for any failure or delay in performance of any obligation hereunder other than obligation to make payment,where such failure or delays is caused by force majeure,being any event,occurrence of circumstance reasonably beyond the contral of that party,includingwithout prejudice to the generality of the foregoing,failure or delay caused by orresulting from acts of god, strikes, fires,floods destruction of the material,delays of carriers due to breakdown or adverse weather, perils of the sea, embargoes, accidents, restrictions imposed by any governmental authority (including allocations,priorities, requisitions,quotas and price controls)。

不可抗力条款英文模板

不可抗力条款英文模板

不可抗力条款英文模板Force Majeure Clause Template:[Irresistible Force Clause]1. Event of Force Majeure: Neither party shall be considered in breach of its obligations under this agreement if it is unable to fulfill those obligations due to an Event of Force Majeure.2. Definition of Force Majeure: For the purposes of this agreement, an "Event of Force Majeure" shall mean any event or circumstance beyond the reasonable control of the party affected, including, but not limited to, acts of God, war, terrorism, fire, flood, earthquake, strikes, riots, civil unrest, natural disasters, governmental actions, or any other event that prevents or delays the performance of obligations under this agreement.3. Notification: The party affected by an Event of Force Majeure shall promptly notify the other party in writing of the occurrence of such event and the anticipated duration of the delay.4. Obligations During Force Majeure: The party affected by an Event of Force Majeure shall be excused from performing its obligations under this agreement for the duration of the event. However, the party affected shall endeavor to mitigate the effects of the event to the extent reasonably possible.5. Termination: If an Event of Force Majeure extends for a period of [insert duration] days, either party may terminate this agreement by providing written notice to the other party.6. Limitations: Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this agreement, the party claiming an Event of Force Majeure shall not be excused from paying any sums due under this agreement that are unaffected by the event.7. Resolution: The parties shall use their reasonable efforts to finda mutually acceptable resolution that allows them to continue performing their obligations under this agreement.8. Severability: In the event that any provision of this clause is held to be invalid or unenforceable, the remaining provisions of this clause shall remain in full force and effect.9. Governing Law: This clause shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of [insert governing law jurisdiction].10. Entire Agreement: This clause constitutes the entire agreement between the parties with respect to force majeure events and supersedes all prior agreements, understandings, and representations, whether oral or written.[Signature and Date]Please note that this is a template and may need to be customized and reviewed by legal professionals to suit specific circumstances and jurisdictions.。

不可抗力的定义

不可抗力的定义

不可抗力的定义协议书甲方(以下简称“甲方”)地址:联系电话:法定代表人:身份证号码:乙方(以下简称“乙方”)地址:联系电话:法定代表人:身份证号码:鉴于甲方与乙方即将进行合作,为明确双方在合作过程中不可抗力因素的定义及相关责任和义务,特制定本协议。

第一条定义1.1 不可抗力(Force Majeure)指非可预见、不可避免且不能克服的客观情况,包括但不限于自然灾害(如地震、台风、洪水)、战争、恐怖袭击、法律法规变更、政府限制等对合作过程造成重大影响的事件。

1.2 不可抗力事件应满足以下条件:(a) 事件的发生是不能被任何一方所控制,且无法预见的;(b) 事件发生后,其影响无法通过合理努力加以避免或克服;(c) 事件发生后,能够严重干扰或妨碍合作过程的正常进行;1.3 不可抗力事件应由甲方或乙方通过书面通知对方,说明发生的事件、预计影响和可能的解决方案,并在合理范围内提供相关证明文件。

第二条责任与义务2.1 在不可抗力事件发生时,双方应积极采取一切合理措施,以减少由此事件造成的损失并承担相应责任。

2.2 不可抗力事件发生后,发生方应立即通知另一方,并在合理范围内提供相关证明文件。

在事件发生至解决期间,双方暂停履行受影响的义务,但应通过友好协商,共同努力减少损失并寻求解决方案。

2.3 若不可抗力事件持续时间超过30天并且无法通过合作方式继续进行,双方有权终止合作,终止合作后应按照合同约定进行结算与清偿。

2.4 若因不可抗力事件造成一方丧失履行合同能力或发生无法逆转的损失,另一方应给予合作方适当的宽限及帮助,以减少损失。

第三条争议解决3.1 本协议的履行、解释或争议的解决应依法进行。

3.2 若甲、乙双方发生合作过程中的争议,应通过友好协商解决;若无法达成一致意见,则将争议提交至有管辖权的人民法院裁决。

第四条保密条款4.1 双方同意对涉及合作双方的商业秘密、经营信息等予以保密,并在合作关系终止后继续履行保密义务。

不可抗力条款示例

不可抗力条款示例

1. Force Majeure1.1 Force Majeure Event only means any of the following events:a) acts of God, flood, drought, earthquake or other catastrophic natural disaster(but excluding adverse weather conditions);b) epidemic or pandemic;c) terrorist attack, civil war, civil commotion or riots, war, threat of or preparationfor war, armed conflict, imposition of sanctions, embargo, or breaking off ofdiplomatic relations;d) nuclear, chemical or biological contamination or sonic boom;e) fire or explosion;f) any labour or trade dispute, strikes, industrial action or lockouts (other than ineach case by the party seeking to rely on this clause, including itssubcontractors or suppliers); org) Interruption or failure of major utility services (other than in each case wherethe interruption or failure is caused by the party seeking to reply on this causeincluding its subcontractors or suppliers).[Any Force Majeure event shall be evidenced by the relevant authority of thecountry where the relevant event occurs.]1.2 Provided it has complied with clause 1.4, if a party is prevented from performingany of its obligations under this contract by a Force Majeure Event (AffectedParty), the Affected Party shall not be deemed in breach of this contract orotherwise liable for any such failure or delay in the performance of suchobligations.1.3 The corresponding obligations of the other party will be suspended, and its timefor performance of such obligations extended, to the same extent as those ofthe Affected Party.1.4 The Affected Party shall:a) as soon as reasonably practicable after the start of the Force MajeureEvent [but no later than [NUMBER] days from its start], notify the otherparty in writing of the Force Majeure Event, the date on which it started,its likely or potential duration, and the effect of the Force Majeure Eventon its ability to perform any of its obligations under the contract; andb) use all reasonable endeavours to mitigate the effect of the ForceMajeure Event on the performance of its obligations.1.5 Once the Force Majeure Event ceases to exist, the Affected Party must as soonas reasonably practicable resume the performance of its obligations under thiscontract. Where the Affected Party is the contractor, the contractor mustprovide a revised programme rescheduling the works to minimise the effects ofthe prevention or delay caused by the Force Majeure Event.1.6 A Force Majeure Event does not relieve a party from the liability for anobligation which arose before the occurrence of that event.1.7 The contractor has no entitlement and the employer has no liability for anyextension of time or costs in any way incurred by the contractor due to a ForceMajeure Event.1.8 If the Force Majeure Event prevents the Affected Party's performance of itsobligations for a continuous period of more than [NUMBER] [weeks], the partynot affected by the Force Majeure Event may terminate this contract by giving[NUMBER] [weeks'] written notice to the Affected Party.1. Force Majeure1.1 “Force Majeure” means:a) Acts of God, flood, drought, earthquake or other catastrophic natural disaster;b) epidemic or pandemic;c) terrorist attack, civil war, civil commotion or riots, war, threat of or preparation forwar, armed conflict, imposition of sanctions, embargo, or breaking off of diplomaticrelations;d) nuclear, chemical or biological contamination or sonic boom;e) any law or any action taken by a government or public authority, including withoutlimitation imposing an export or import restriction, quota or prohibition[, or failing togrant a necessary licence or consent];f) fire, explosion or other similar accident;g) any labour or trade dispute, strikes, industrial action or lockouts (whether involvingthe workforce of the party so prevented or of any other party);h) non-performance by suppliers or subcontractors;i) interruption or failure of utility serviceor any other circumstances beyond the Parties' control, whether such othercircumstances be of the classes herein specifically provided or not.1.2 In the case of a Force Majeure event, if the performance of either Party’s obligationshereunder is prevented, hindered or delayed, the affected Party shall notify the otherParty. The affected Party shall not be deemed in breach of this contract or otherwiseliable for any such failure or delay in the performance of such obligations. The time forperformance of such obligations shall be extended by a period equal to the duration ofthe relevant Force Majeure Event.1.3 If the Contractor incurs additional cost by reason of a Force Majeure event, theContractor shall be entitled to additional cost.1.4 If the execution of substantially all the Works in progress is prevented for more than180 days by reason of one or more Force Majeure events during the performance ofthe Contract, then either Party may give to the other Party a notice of termination ofthe Contract.1.5 Notwithstanding any other provision of this Clause, if any event or circumstanceoutside the control of the Parties (including, but not limited to, Force Majeure) ariseswhich makes it impossible or unlawful for either or both Parties to fulfill its or theircontractual obligations or which, under the law governing the Contract, entitles theParties to be released from further performance of the Contract, then upon notice byeither Party to the other Party of such event or circumstance, the Parties shall bedischarged from further performance, without prejudice to the rights of either Party inrespect of any previous breach of the Contract.LOGIC Marine Construction Contract15. FORCE MAJEURE15.1 Neither the COMPANY nor the CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for any failure tofulfill any term or condition of the CONTRACT if and to the extent that fulfillment hasbeen delayed or temporarily prevented by a force majeure occurrence, as hereunderdefined, which has been notified in accordance with this Clause 15 and which is beyond the control and without the fault or negligence of the party affected and which,by the exercise of reasonable diligence, the said party is unable to provide against.15.2 For the purposes of this CONTRACT only the following occurrences shall be forcemajeure.(a) Riot, war, invasion, act of foreign enemies, hostilities (whether war be declared ornot), acts of terrorism, civil war, rebellion, revolution, insurrection of military or usurpedpower;(b) Ionising radiations or contamination by radio-activity from any nuclear fuel or fromany nuclear waste from the combustion of nuclear fuel or radioactive, toxic, explosiveor other hazardous properties of any explosive nuclear assembly or nuclearcomponent thereof;(c) Pressure waves caused by aircraft or other aerial devices travelling at sonic orsupersonic speeds;(d) Earthquake, flood, fire, explosion and/or other natural physical disaster, butexcluding weather conditions as such, regardless of severity;(e) Strikes at a national or regional level or industrial disputes at a national or regionallevel, or strikes or industrial disputes by labour not employed by the affected party itssubcontractors or its suppliers and which affect a substantial or essential portion of theWORK;(f) Maritime or aviation disasters;(g) Changes to any general or local Statute, Ordinance, Decree, or other Law, or anyregulation or bye-law of any local or other duly constituted authority or the introductionof any such Statute, Ordinance, Decree, Law, regulation or bye-law.15.3 In the event of a force majeure occurrence, the party that is or may be delayed inperforming the CONTRACT shall notify the other party without delay giving the fullparticulars thereof and shall use all reasonable endeavours to remedy the situation without delay.15.4 If either party is delayed in performing the CONTRACT by a force majeure occurrence,the SCHEDULE OF KEY DATES but not the CONTRACT PRICE, except as otherwiseexpressly provided in the CONTRACT, shall be adjusted in accordance with Clause14 and Clause 15.6.15.5. Following notification of a force majeure occurrence in accordance with Clause 15.3,the COMPANY and the CONTRACTOR shall meet without delay with a view toagreeing a mutually acceptable course of action to minimise any effects of such occurrence.Subject to the provisions of this Clause, the COMPANY may instruct theCONTRACTOR to remain on stand-by at the WORKSITE in which event the CONTRACTOR shall be entitled to payment at the relevant stand-by rates set out in Appendix 1 to Section I - Form of Agreement. In the event that the COMPANY doesnot elect to retain the CONTRACTOR on stand-by at the WORKSITE or, havingelected to retain the CONTRACTOR, the delay due to force majeure exceeds the time period specified in Appendix 1 to Section I –Form of Agreement, then subject to Clause 15.6, the CONTRACTOR may leave the WORKSITE in order to fulfill any obligations it may have under other contracts.15.6 Upon cessation of any force majeure occurrence the CONTRACTOR shall prepare arevised PROGRAMME to include for rescheduling of the WORK so as to minimise the effects of the delay. Providing however that if, in accordance with Clause 15.5, the CONTRACTOR has left the WORKSITE as a result of such occurrence, the CONTRACTOR may allow in such revised PROGRAMME any necessary time for completion of any operations on which it is engaged at the date of cessation of the force majeure occurrence.Having made due allowance for any instruction to accelerate the WORK given in accordance with Clause 14, the COMPANY shall authorise a VARIATION to adjust the SCHEDULE OF KEY DATES in order to take into account any remaining effects of such delay.。

不可抗力是一项免责条款

不可抗力是一项免责条款

不可抗力是一项免责条款,是指合同签订后,发生了合同当事人无法预见、无法避免、无法控制、无法克服的意外事件(如战争、车祸等)或自然灾害(如地震、火灾、水灾等),以致合同当事人不能依约履行职责或不能如期履行职责,发生意外事件或遭受自然灾害的一方可以免除履行职责的责任或推迟履行职责。

编辑本段起因当事人自身能力不能抗拒也无法预防的客观情况或事故。

不可抗力可以是自然原因酿成的,也可以是人为的、社会因素引起的。

前者如地震、水灾、旱灾等,后者如战争、政府禁令、罢工等。

不可抗力所造成的是一种法律事实。

当不可抗力事故发生后,可能会导致原有经济法律关系的变更、消灭,如必须变更或解除经济合同;也可能导致新的经济法律关系的产生,如财产投保人在遇到因不可抗力所受到的在保险范围内的财产损失时,与保险公司之间产生出赔偿关系。

当不可抗力事故发生后,遭遇事故一方应采取一切措施,使损失减少到最低限度。

在订立买卖合同时,一般都订有不可抗力条款,其内容包括:不可抗力内容;遭到不可抗力事故的一方,向另一方提出事故报告和证明文件的期限和方式;遭遇不可抗力事故一方的责任范围。

如因不可抗力使合同无法履行,则应解除合同。

如不可抗力只是暂时阻碍合同履行,则一般采取延期履行合同的方式。

凡发生不可抗力事故,当事方已尽力采取补救措施但仍未能避免损失的情况下,可不负赔偿责任。

编辑本段分类1.force majeure;2. the act of God;3.irresistible force不可抗力主要包括以下几种情形:1.自然灾害、如台风、洪水、冰雹;2.政府行为,如征收、征用3.社会异常事件,如罢工、骚乱。

编辑本段注意事项在不可抗力的适用上,有以下问题值得注意:1.合同中是否约定不可抗力条款,不影响直接援用法律规定2.不可抗力条款是法定免责条款,约定不可抗力条款如小于法定范围,当事人仍可援用法律规定主张免责;如大于法定范围,超出部分应视为另外成立了免责条款3.不可抗力作为免责条款具有强制性,当事人不得约定将不可抗力排除在免责事由之外。

不可抗力条款名词解释

不可抗力条款名词解释

不可抗力条款名词解释
不可抗力条款(Force Majeure Clause),又称不可抗力条款,
是在签订合同时约定的一种特殊条款,用于规定在某些特定情况下,
当事人是否可以免责或延期履行合同义务。

不可抗力是指当事人在合同签订后,由于不可预见、不可避免和
不可克服的客观情况,导致其不能履行合同义务,其产生的原因可能
是自然灾害、战争、罢工等,而这些原因都与当事人自身的行为无关。

在合同中加入不可抗力条款,一方面可以加强合同双方之间的约
束力,避免一方不当竞争、欺诈等行为;另一方面,也可以为遇到不
可预见的不可抗力事件提供解决方案,降低因事件发生而带来的风险
和损失。

对于某些行业而言,例如物流行业,由于在运输过程中受到自然
灾害、战乱等因素影响的可能性较大,因此不可抗力条款被广泛使用。

同时,在国际贸易上,如果对方国家发生战争、政变等不可抗力事件,也会导致合同无法执行,因此在国际贸易合同中也常见不可抗力条款。

需要注意的是,不可抗力条款不是万能的,它并不能完全解决因
不可抗力事件所导致的争议,只有当合同双方均承认某一事件为不可
抗力时,才能依据不可抗力条款处理合同纠纷。

因此,在签订合同时,应当明确约定不可抗力条款各种可能涉及的局限性和后续的解决方案。

不可抗力条款

不可抗力条款

不可抗力条款(Force Majeure Clause) 不可抗力条款是指合同中订明如当事人一方因不可抗力不能履行合同的全部或部分义务的,免除其全部或部分的责任。

另一方当事人不得对此要求损害赔偿。

因此,不可抗力条款是一种免责条款。

(1)不可抗力条款的概念。

不可抗力条款是规定在合同订立后发生当事人在订合同时不能预见、不能避免、不可控制的意外事故,以致不能履行合同或不能如期履行合同时,遭受不可抗力的一方可以免除履行合同的责任的条款。

(2)构成不可抗力的意外事故应具备的条件:①意外事故是在签订合同以后发生的;②意外事故是当事人所不能预见、不能避免和不可控制的。

不可抗力的事故主要包括两种情况,一种是由于自然力量引起的,如水灾、风灾、旱灾、地震等;另一种是社会原因引起的,如战争、封锁、政府禁令等;③意外事故的引起没有当事人疏忽或过失等主观因素。

(3)不可抗力的法律后果与结果。

依1980年《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》的规定,遭受不可抗力的一方可解除合同或延迟履行而不承担责任。

只有在不可抗力因素与当事人的过失同时存在的情况下,当事人才承担相应的赔偿责任。

遭受不可抗力后合同的结果主要为下列:①解除合同。

一般来说,如果不可抗力事故使合同的履行成为不可能,则可解除合同。

如在买卖特种粮食的交易中,该特种粮食的产地因水灾而失收,在这种情况下,可以解除合同。

②延迟履行。

如不可抗力只是暂时阻碍合同的履行,则只能延迟履行。

例如,由于不可抗力使交通受阻,可能延迟履行,等通车后再履行。

------------------------------------------------------------ 不可抗力所谓不可抗力,在我国《民法通则》上是指“不能预见、不能避免和不能克服的客观情况”。

当事人自身能力不能抗拒也无法预防的客观情况或事故。

不可抗力可以是自然原因酿成的,也可以是人为的、社会因素引起的。

前者如地震、水灾、旱灾等,后者如战争、政府禁令、罢工等。

双语Chap8 Force majeure, Arbitrition不可抗力与仲裁

双语Chap8  Force majeure, Arbitrition不可抗力与仲裁

临时仲裁庭
• 双方当事人自行约定。
29
案例分析
• 甲方与乙方签定了出口某货物的合同一份, 合同中的仲裁条款规定:“凡因执行本合同 发生的一切争议,双方同意提交仲裁,仲裁 在被诉方国家进行。仲裁裁决是终局的,对 双方都有约束力。”合同履行过程中,双方 因品质问题发生争议,于是将争议提交甲国 仲裁。经仲裁庭调查审理,认为乙方的举证 不实,裁决乙方败诉。事后甲方因乙方不执 行裁决向本国法院提出申请,要求法院强制 执行,乙方不服。问:乙方可否向本国法院 提请上诉?为什么?
10


并非所有的自然原因或社会 原因引起的意外事件都是不可 抗力,如汇率变化、价格波动、 怠工、设备故障、船期变更等 就不属于此范围。
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4、Consequences of force majeure
postponement of the contract 解除 合同 延迟履 行合同 termination of the contract
问题:A公司要求以不可抗力 免除交货的理由是否充分?
15
分析
本例中,小麦并 非特定产地产品,某 一产地发生水灾可以 从其它产地调集,所 以A公司无法要求免 除交货义务。
16
5、Force Majeure Clause
• The force majeure clause usually contains the scope of force majeure events, time limit of notifying the other party and the issuer of the certificate, etc.
Definition Significance of Force Majeure Clause Stipulation of Force Majeure Clause Notes to Quoting Force Majeure Clause

合约解释 第八章 force majeure

合约解释 第八章 force majeure

第八章普遍使用条文之一:不可抗力条文(force majeureclause)1 英国法律针对订约后情况有重大改变的不足之处这一个条文(即force majeure条文)在许多尤其是比较长期的合约中出现,它主要针对一种履约期间出现的不可以合理预见的情况有重大改变(change of circumstance)。

这是因为有了情况上的重大改变,根据英国法律是不影响合约中约定的义务,这还是要严格/绝对去履行。

除非是,这一个改变是严重到可以令合约受阻(frustration)。

但英国法律下合约受阻通常是不容易成立,因为解释十分严格。

通常是以多花金钱与时间可以解决的问题就都不会令合约受阻。

笔者还清楚记得有7、8个案例是关于在苏伊士运河因为埃及和以色列之间的战争而封闭时,船舶被迫要多花费大量的时间与燃油去绕道南非的好望角而产生的争议,严重程度可以导致个别船东无法承担。

但法院都拒绝去判有关的租约或国际货物买卖合约受阻:The ―Eugenia‖ (1963) 2 Lloyd‘s Rep. 381。

这方面在笔者所著的《国际商务游戏规则—英国合约法》一书第十二章有介绍,不去重复,除了Simon勋爵在National Carriers v. Panalpina (1981) A.C. 675先例中所说:“Frustration of a contract takes place when there supervenes an event (without default of either party and for which the contract makes no sufficient provision) which so significantly changes the nature (not merely the expense or onerousness) of the outstanding contractual rights and/or obligations from what the parties could reasonably have contemplated at the time of its execution that it would be unjust to hold them to the literal sense of its stipulations in the new circumstances; in such case the law declares both parties to be discharged from further performance.”。

“不可抗力”的四种翻译,哪种最合适?

“不可抗力”的四种翻译,哪种最合适?

“不可抗力”的四种翻译,哪种最合适?谈到“不可抗力”这一法律术语,我们需要了解的大概有4个词或词组,分别是英文:act of God,法文:Force Majeure,以及拉丁文:vis major,它们通常均被翻译为“不可抗力”;还有一个相关的英文单词叫contingency,本来指“突发事件,意外事件”,但在实践应用中,也常与不可抗力条款混用。

Force Majeure的字面意思是“超级力量”,通常,它的涵义要广于英文“act of God”。

后者指“不受人力控制,也无人类参与,纯由自然力单独作用造成”。

而Force Majeure则“不仅包括自然力,还包括人为的力量(如暴乱、罢工、政府干预、战争行为等)”。

拉丁文vis的意思是“力、力量”,在意思上,它与Force Majeure几乎相同。

不可抗力条款(Force Majeure Clause)有时又被称为“意外事件条款”(Contingency Clause)。

Contingency的运用广泛,除天灾外也包括人祸,如战争(war)、封锁(blockage)、革命(revolution)、叛乱(insurrection)、民众骚乱(civil commotions)、暴动(riots)、动员(mobilization)、罢工(strikes)、工厂封锁(lockouts)、天灾(act of God)、恶劣气候(severe weather)、疫病(plague)或其他疾病(other epidemic)、货物遭火灾或水灾(destruction of goods by fire or flood)等。

举几个例子:例1:The defendant can excuse himself by showing that the loss was owing to the plaintiff or the act of God, or vis major (a great or superior force).译:被告可以通过证明损失系由原告自己或不可抗力因素造成而免除自己的责任。

第11章不可抗力

第11章不可抗力
第十一章 不可抗力与仲裁
第一节 不可抗力 一、含义(Force Majeure)是指买卖合同签定 后,不是由于合同当事人的过失或疏忽,而是 由于发生了合同当事人无法预见也无法控制的 事件,以致合同不能履行或不能如期履行,发 生意外的一方可以免除合同的履行责任或推迟 履行合同。因此,不可抗力是一项免责条款 对不可抗力的不同叫法:英美法系“合同落 空”,大陆法系“情势变迁”或“契约失效”。 根据《公约》的规定,如果发生了合同当事人 订约时无法预见和事后不能控制的障碍,以致
第二节 仲裁
3、示范仲裁条款: “凡因本合同引起的或与本合同有关的任何争 议,均应提交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会, 按照申请时该会现行有效的仲裁规则进行仲裁, 仲裁裁决是终局性的,对双方均有约束力”。 三、仲裁条款的规定: 主要包括仲裁地点、机构、程序规则、效力、 费用的负担等。 1、地点:与仲裁适用的程序及规则密切相关, 一般在哪里仲裁就适用那个国家的仲裁规则。
第一节 不可抗力
某年我某公司与一英国公司签定了一项 按FOB条件的进口合同。由于中东战争爆 发,苏伊士运河被封锁,我方派出接货 的船只只好绕道好望角,因而延迟到达 装运港,时值国际金融市场汇率变化计 价货币英镑贬值,英方以我未按期接货 为由,要求提高货款,并赔偿其延期的 仓储费。对此,我方公司应做何处理?
第二节 仲裁
3、仲裁规则:与仲裁地点并非绝对一致。 4、仲裁的效力:是终局性的,对双方当 事人都有约束力。不得上诉。 5、仲裁费用的负担:由败诉方负担,也 可由仲裁庭酌情决定。 四、我国通常采用的仲裁条款格式: 书,274页。 案例:356页,兰书
第一节 不可抗力
不能履行合同,则可免除责任。 二、不可抗力条款的意义: 总之,不可抗力条款是一项免责条款,为了避免 因不可抗力发生引起不必要的纠纷,防止合同 当事人对不可抗力作出任意的解释,有必要在 合同中明确规定不可抗力的性质、范围及处理 原则,以利合同的履行。 三、不可抗力条款的规定: 1、性质与范围:并不是任何意外事件都可作为 不可抗力事件,通常分为两种情况:一种是由 于自然灾害引起的,另一种是由于政治或社会按约定的原则和方法及时处理。不可抗力的 后果有两种:一是解除合同,二是延期合同。 应根据具体情况而定。 3、不可抗力的通知和证明: 发生事件的一方要及时通知对方,还应出示相 关 证明,一般由当地商会或公证机构出具,我 国由中国国际贸易促进委员会出具。 案例分析:

国际贸易实务教学课件条款九 不可抗力条款

国际贸易实务教学课件条款九  不可抗力条款

二、不可抗力的原因及认定条件
引发不可抗力事件的原因通常包括两种情况:一种是由于"自然力量"引 起的,是指无法控制的自然界力量所引起的灾害,如水灾、火灾、风灾、 旱 灾、雨灾、冰灾、雪灾、雷电和地震等;另一种是“社会力量”引起的, 如政 府当局发布的新法律、法规和行政禁令等,再如战争、罢工、暴动、 骚乱等。
四、不可抗力条款的内容及规定方法
(二)不可抗力条款的规定方法 1、概括式 2、列举式 3、综合式
((一)条款内容及注意事项
不可抗力条款属于免责条款,包括:不 可抗力事件的范围,不可抗力事件的处理办法、 通知期限和方法,不可抗力事件的证明机构等内容。
订立不可抗力条款应该注意的事项有: 1.双方应了解对方的贸易习惯及对方国家法律的有关规定,以确定 不可抗力条款的内容。 2.双方应在合同中规定,构成不可抗力的事件,明确 不可抗力事件的范围。 3.双方要根据发生不可抗力事件的原因、性质、规模及对履行合同所产生的影响,在合同 中明确规定可以解除合同,延期履行合同的条件。 4.双方应在合同中明确规定一方发生不可抗力事件后通知对方的期限和方式,并列明出具 不可抗力事件证明文件的机构。
一、不可抗力的含义
不可抗力(Force Majeure),又称人力不可抗拒,是指合同签订后,不 是由于当事人的过失或疏忽,而是由于发生了当事人无法预见、无法预防、 无法避免和无法控制的事情,以致不能履行或不能如期履行合同的情形。
按照相关法律和惯例的规定,依据不可抗力事件的后果,发生事件的 一方可以 解除合同或者也可以部分履行合同或延迟履行合同。
《国际贸易实务》 模块二 合同条款
条款九 不可抗力条款
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学习目 标
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知识目标

委托合同不可抗力情形

委托合同不可抗力情形

委托合同不可抗力情形在商业交易中,委托合同是一种常见的合同形式,通过该合同,双方约定委托方将特定事项委托给受托方进行处理。

然而,有时候在合同履行过程中,不可抗力的因素可能会影响到合同的正常执行。

本文将重点探讨委托合同中的不可抗力情形,包括其定义、常见的不可抗力事件以及相关的法律规定。

一、不可抗力情形的定义不可抗力(Force Majeure)是指在合同订立后无法预测、避免或克服的、不能由一方或双方当事人控制的客观情况,如自然灾害、战争、政府行为等。

在委托合同中,不可抗力情形的出现可能导致合同无法如约履行,因此合同当事人需要就不可抗力事件应如何处理进行约定。

二、常见的不可抗力事件1. 自然灾害:地震、洪水、暴风雪等自然灾害可能造成交通中断、设备损坏等情况,从而影响合同履行。

2. 战争和冲突:战争、冲突、暴乱等安全事件可能导致交易地区的局势不稳定,使合同无法执行。

3. 政府行为:政府颁布的法律、政策、法规等可能对合同履行产生重大影响,如进口限制、出口管制等。

4. 劳动争议:工人罢工、集体谈判等劳动争议可能导致生产中断、供应链中断等,影响委托合同的履行。

三、不可抗力情形的法律规定针对委托合同中的不可抗力情形,许多国家和地区的法律都对其进行了相应的规定。

一般而言,合同当事人应该在合同中明确约定不可抗力的定义、范围和处理方式。

以下是一些常见的不可抗力条款:1. 通知义务:当一方认为不可抗力事件可能影响合同履行时,应及时向对方提供书面通知,并附上证明文件。

2. 履约延期:不可抗力事件出现后,根据实际情况,合同当事人可能需要延期履行合同义务,但应在合理的范围内进行。

3. 解除合同:在不可抗力事件导致合同无法继续执行的情况下,合同当事人可能需要解除合同,但应遵循法律规定。

需要注意的是,当不可抗力事件持续时间较长或可能永久影响合同履行时,合同当事人应尽量采取合理的措施,如协商修改合同条款、寻找替代履行方案等,以保障双方的利益。

国际贸易合同如何适用不可抗力

国际贸易合同如何适用不可抗力

国际贸易合同如何适用不可抗力国际贸易合同如何适用不行抗力一、不行抗力(ForceMajeure)的含义及范围国际货物买卖合同成立后,有时客观状况会发生非当事人所能控制的根本变幻,是之失去原有履行合同的基础,对此,法律可以免除区未履行或未彻低履行合同一方对另一方的责任。

普通认为构成不行抗力 如何适用不行抗力一、不行抗力(ForceMajeure)的含义及范围后,有时客观状况会发生非当事人所能控制的根本变幻,是之失去原有履行合同的基础,对此,法律可以免除区未履行或未彻低履行合同一方对另一方的责任。

普通认为构成不行抗力应具备以下三个条件:(一)是件事在有关合同成立以后发生的;(二)不是因为任何一方当事人的有意或过失所造成的; (三)大事的发生及其造成的后果是当事人无法预见、无法控制、无法避开和不行克服的。

不行抗力的范围较广,通常可分为两类:一类是自然缘由如水灾、火灾、旱灾、大雪、台风、地震等人类无法控制的自然界力气引起的;另一类是社会缘由如战斗、罢工、政府禁令等引起的。

对不行抗力的认定必需慎重,并与诸如商品价格波动、汇率变幻、班轮延期等正常的贸易风险严格区分开来。

不行抗力大事目前国际上并无统一的明确的说明。

哪些意外事故应视作不行抗力,可由买卖双方在合同的不行抗力条款中商定。

二、不行抗力的处理分解除合同和变更合同两种。

如买卖合同中没有明确的规定,普通的说明是,如不行抗力的发生时合同履行成为不行能,则可解除合同;如不行抗力只是部分地或临时地妨碍了合同的履行,则发生大事的一方只能采纳变更合同的办法,包括替代履行,削减履行或延期履行,以削减另一方的损失。

按照我国法律,当事人拖延履行后发生不行抗力的,不能免除责任。

三、买卖合同中的不行抗力条款中的不行抗力条款主要规定不行抗力的范围、对不行抗力的处理原则和办法、不行抗力发生后通知对方的期限和办法,以及出具证实文件的机构等。

我国进出口合同中的不行抗力条款主要有概括式、列举式和综合式三种规定办法。

英文合同中不可抗力条款的约定

英文合同中不可抗力条款的约定

英文合同中不可抗力条款的约定一、什么是不可抗力条款(Force Majeure Clause)合同一经制定,合约双方都希望能够按照合同规定顺利履行合同。

但是有时因情势变更,往往会出现一些出乎当事人意料的事情发生,而导致当事人无法履行合同。

这种由于当事人所不能控制的事故而导致合同不能履行的,即是不可抗力(Force Majeure),合同中关于这一事项的约定的条款就是不可抗力条款(Force Majeure Clause)[①]。

该条款实际上也是一项免责条款。

在合同签订后,不是由于当事人的过失或疏忽,而是由于发生了当事人所不能预见的、无法避免和无法预防的意外事故,以致不能履行或不能如期履行合同,遭受意外事故的一方可以免除履行合同的责任或可以延期履行合同,另一方无权要求损害赔偿。

“Force Majeure”一词来自于《法国民法典》第1148条,英文译为:“There is no occasion for damages where, in consequence of force majure or accident the debtor has been prevented from conveying or doing that to which he has obliged or has done what he was debarred from doing.”[②]《牛津法律词典》是这样解释的:“Irresistible compulsion or coercion. The phrase is used particularly in commercial contracts to describe events possibly affecting the contract and that are completely outside the parties’ control. Such events are normally listed in full to ensure their enforceability; their may be include *acts of God, fires, failure of suppliers or subcontractors to supply the suppliers under the agreement, and strikes and other labour disputes that interfere with the suppliers’ performance of an agreement. An express clause would normally excuse both delay and a total failure to perform the agreement.”[③]二、不可抗力条款的基本内容一般来说,不可抗力条款中应当包括以下几个方面的内容:1. 不可抗力发生的原因(种类);2. 不可抗力发生后通知对方的期限、通知的方法以及应当提交的证明文件;3. 不可抗力发生的免责事项及善后处理事项。

协议 不可抗力因素

协议 不可抗力因素

协议与不可抗力因素1. 引言在商务领域中,协议是一种重要的法律文书,用于规范各方之间的权利和义务。

然而,生活中常常会出现一些无法预料的不可抗力因素,例如自然灾害、社会政治因素等,使得协议的执行受到影响甚至无法实现。

本文将探讨协议中的不可抗力因素,并分析其对协议的影响以及应对措施。

2. 不可抗力因素的定义不可抗力因素(Force Majeure)是指在合同签订之后,因自然灾害、战争、政府行为等无法控制的原因导致合同一方无法履行合同义务的情况。

不可抗力因素通常具有以下特点:•非人为可控:不可抗力因素不是各方当事人所能够预料和控制的,而是外部环境或事件所导致的。

•无法避免:不可抗力因素往往是突发或无法预测的,当事人难以提前做出相应的准备和规划。

•严重性:不可抗力因素通常会对合同的履行造成严重的影响,甚至使得合同无法执行。

3. 不可抗力因素对协议的影响不可抗力因素对协议的影响是不可忽视的。

根据合同法的相关规定,当出现不可抗力因素时,合同的履行可以暂时或永久中止,合同双方也有可能解除合同。

具体影响有以下几个方面:3.1 合同履行暂时中止当不可抗力因素发生时,根据协议的具体约定,一方或双方可以暂时中止合同的履行。

例如,在自然灾害发生时,交付货物的一方可能无法按时交付,此时合同双方可以协商暂停交付,并延长交货时间。

3.2 合同解除不可抗力因素可能导致合同无法继续履行,合同双方有权解除合同。

当合同被解除时,各方将不再承担继续履行的责任,也不需要支付违约金或赔偿。

3.3 合同修改在不可抗力因素发生后,合同双方也可以协商修改合同,以适应新的情况。

例如,在战争爆发时,为了维持生产和供应的正常运转,供应商和买方可以协商修改交货方式或增加保障措施。

3.4 损失分摊在不可抗力因素导致合同无法履行时,各方应当根据合同的约定,协商分摊可能产生的损失。

例如,当工厂发生火灾导致停产时,供应商和买方可以协商分担损失,并重新安排交货时间。

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不可抗力条款Force MajeureFORCE MAJEURE不可抗力例1 买卖双方除履行付款义务外, 因以下事由造成买卖任一方无法履行合同规定的义务或履行延误的, 买卖任一方均不对此承担任何责任, 事由具体内容如下: 因不可抗力所致超出买卖任一方力合理控制范围内的不可抗力事件, 不可抗力发生, 及出现的不可抗力情况, 包括不影响前述事由的一般情况; 天灾,罢工,火灾,洪水,材料损毁; 事故, 恶劣天气所致无法履行义务或造成义务履行延误; 海难, 禁运, 事故, 政府当局公布的限制规定(包括配给, 优先事项, 征用, 报价和价格控制等等)造成义务无法履行或义务履行延误.Neither seller nor buyer shall be liable in damages or otherwise for any failure or delay in performance of any obligation hereunder other than obligation to make payment, where such failure or delays is caused by force majeure, being any event, occurrence of circumstance reasonably beyond the contral of that party, including without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, failure or delay caused by or resulting from acts of god, strikes, fires, floods destruction of the material, delays of carriers due to breakdown or adverse weather, perils of the sea, embargoes, accidents, restrictions imposed by any governmental authority (including allocations, priorities, requisitions, quotas and price controls).例2 因前述条款说明的事由所致, 造成发货期货物交货延迟或无法交货, 合同规定的卖方发货和买方接收货物的时间在此交货期则应顺延, 顺延期: 30(叁拾)日.The time of seller to make, or buyer to receive, delivery hereunder shall be extanded during any period in which delivery shall be delayed or prevented by reason of any of the foregoing clauses. Up to a total of thirty (30) days.例3 合同规定的交货若交货延迟或无法交货达30(叁拾)日以上,买卖任一方就此情况向合同另一方出具书面通知书之后, 有权终止本合同.If any delivery hereunder shall be so delayed or prevented for more than thirty (30) days, either seller or buyer may terminate this contract with respect to such delivery upon written notice to the other party.例4 如果遭遇无法控制的时间或情况应视为不可抗力,但不限于火灾、风灾、水灾、地震、爆炸、叛乱、传染、检疫、隔离。

如要是不可抗力一方不能履行合同规定下义务,另一方应将履行合同的时间延长,所延长的时间应于不可抗力事件的时间相等。

Any event or circumstance beyond control shall be regarded as Force Majeure but not restricted to fire, wind, flood, earthquake, explosion, rebellion, epidemic, quarantine and segregation. In case either party that encounters Force Majeure fails to fulfill the obligation under the contract, the other party should extend the performance time by period equal to the time that Fore Majeure will last.例5 如果不可抗力持续6个月以上,合同双方应尽快通过友好协商的方式调整继续履行合同事宜。

如果双方不能达成协议,则根据合同中第12条款通过仲裁决定。

If the Force Majeure last over 6 months, the two parties of the contract should settle the case of continuing the contract by friendly negotiation as soon as possible. Should the two parties fail to reach an agreement will be settled by arbitration according to Clause 12 of the contract thereof.例6 如果遭遇无法控制的时间或情况应视为不可抗力,但不限于火灾、风灾、水灾、地震、爆炸、叛乱、传染、检疫、隔离。

如要是不可抗力一方不能履行合同规定下义务,另一方应将履行合同的时间延长,所延长的时间应于不可抗力事件的时间相等。

Any event or circumstance beyond control shall be regarded as Force Majeure but not restricted to fire, wind, flood, earthquake, explosion, rebellion, epidemic, quarantine and segregation. In case either party that encounters Force Majeure fails to fulfill the obligation under the contract, the other party should extend the performance time by period equal to the time that Fore Majeure will last.例7 如果不可抗力持续6个月以上,合同双方应尽快通过友好协商的方式调整继续履行合同事宜。

如果双方不能达成协议,则根据合同中第12条款通过仲裁决定。

If the Force Majeure last over 6 months, the two parties of the contract should settle the case of continuing the contract by friendly negotiation as soon as possible. Should the two parties fail to reach an agreement will be settled by arbitration according to Clause 12 of the contract thereof.例8 因人力不可抗拒事故使卖方不能在本售货合约规定期限内交货或不能交货,卖方不负责任,但是卖方必须立即以电报通知买方。

如果买方提出要求,卖方应以挂号函向买方提供由中国国际贸易促进委员会或有关机构出具的证明,证明事故的存在。

买方不能领到进口许可证,不能被认为系属人力不可抗拒范围。

The Sellers shall not be held responsible if they fail, owing to Force Majeure cause or causes, to make delivery within the time stipulated in this Sales Contract or cannot deliver the goods. However, the Sellers shall inform immediately the Buyers by cable. The Sellers shall deliver to the Buyers by registered letter, if it is requested by the Buyers, a certificate issued by the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade or by any competent authorities, attesting the existence of the said cause or causes. The Buyers’ failure to obta in the relative Import Licence is not to be treated as Force Majeure.例9 如果任何一方由于自然灾害、战争、类似于战争的情况、禁令、骚乱、罢工、封锁和其他不可预见和不受控制的、若没有额外的成本和时间是不能得到解决的意外事故,而不能履行或迟延履行本合同的义务,则该方不应对另一方承担任何责任。

如果发生了不可抗力,受影响方应在不可抗力发生后的7天内及时通知另一方,并在不可抗力发生后的15天内提交由当地相关部门印发的用于证明不可抗力发生的文件材料。

双方当事人应当协商并形成最佳解决方案,用于解决因不可抗力而导致的对本合同的迟延和中断履行。

如果不可抗力持续严重影响本合同项下重要义务的履行达3个月之久,则任何一方均有权以书面形式提前30天通知终止本合同。

7 cany Party does not or delays to fulfil the obligations in this Contract directly or indirectly due to natural disaster, wars, situations similar to war, embargo, disturbance, strike, blockade and other unpredictable and uncontrollable accidents which may not be solved without additional cost and time, this Party shall not bear any responsibility for the other Party.2 j: a' f) j3 D% i1 NIn case of force majeure, the affected Party shall inform the other Party within seven days after occurring of such case and submit documents issued by local relevant department used to prove the occurrence of force majeure within 15 days after occurring of such case. Both parties shallnegotiate and reach an optimal solution used to solve the delay and interruption problem of this Contract due to force majeure. If the force majeure continues to seriously impact implementation of crucial obligation under this Contract for three months, either of the Party shall have the right to terminate this Contract by written notice 30 days in advance.$ A6 O+ M3 v" U2 j$ M, C0 p0如果合同一方由于不可抗力因素而不能履行合同,比如地震、台风、洪水、火灾、战争及其他无法预见的事件,其发生和后果也无法阻止、无法避免的,该方应立刻以电报通知对方,并在其后十五天内提交公证机关出具的详细的事件描述及有效文件,用以解释其无法履行合同全部或部分条款的原因。

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