《安娜卡列尼娜》英文
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Anna Karenina
Final thoughts
Tolstoy vs Dostoevsky
• Spirituality: Old Testament vs. New • For Dostoevsky the Jesus and the Gospel are central: Sonia reads the story of the resurrection of Lazarus. • In Tolstoy Lidia Ivanovna talks of “He” (i.e., Jesus) – a manifestation of a false religiosity • For Levin the task is to believe in God: “What am I asking? I’m asking about the relation to the Deity of all the various faiths of mankind. I’m asking about the general manifestation of God to the whole world…” (815-16)
Dostoevsky’s influence
• Philosophy: revival of Orthodoxy, eschatology, Nietsche • Politics: shapes Russian nationalism • Psychology: delves in a individual’s motivations in a way that presages Freud. • Critique of utopianism, revolution • Leads to the dystopian visions of the 20th century
Tolstoy’s influence: Art and estrangement War and Peace Natasha at the opera 8/9
The floor of the stage consisted of smooth boards, at the sides was some painted cardboard representing trees, and at the back was a cloth stretched over boards. In the center of the stage sat some girls in red bodices and white skirts. One very fat girl in a white silk dress sat apart on a low bench, to the back of which a piece of green cardboard was glued. They all sang something. When they had finished their song the girl in white went up to the prompter's box and a man with tight silk trousers over his stout legs, and holding a plume and a dagger, went up to her and began singing, waving his arms about. First the man in the tight trousers sang alone, then she sang, then they both paused while the orchestra played and the man fingered the hand of the girl in white, obviously awaiting the beat to start singing with her. They sang together and everyone in the theater began clapping and shouting, while the man and woman on the stage- who represented lovers- began smiling, spreading out their arms, and bowing.
Tolstoy vs Dostoevsky: Poetic • Dostoevsky: Symbolic reality achieved through dialogue, conflict (often physical); different characters incarnate different ideas; characters have an element of caricature, exaggeration • Tolstoy: observed reality depicted through metonymy; poet of the real, material world captured in representation of detail; plausible characters; much less dialogue.
Tolstoy’s influence
• • • • Politics: non-violence, rejection of progress Religion: rejection of the established church Life-style: the commune, vegetarianism Literature: the historical and realist novel: especially influential on English literature - E.M. Forster, D.H. Lawrence • Literary technique and theatre: representation of the material world • rejection of artificial convention in art.
Tolstoy vs Dostoevsky: Genres • Epic: TolstoyБайду номын сангаасs descriptive creation of a plausible world; time flows in long cycles of birth and death; change is slow; individuals travel through large spaces • Dramatic: Dostoevsky’s evocation of a world of conflict; time and space are compressed into a few weeks in one city, radical change in personality
Final thoughts
Tolstoy vs Dostoevsky
• Spirituality: Old Testament vs. New • For Dostoevsky the Jesus and the Gospel are central: Sonia reads the story of the resurrection of Lazarus. • In Tolstoy Lidia Ivanovna talks of “He” (i.e., Jesus) – a manifestation of a false religiosity • For Levin the task is to believe in God: “What am I asking? I’m asking about the relation to the Deity of all the various faiths of mankind. I’m asking about the general manifestation of God to the whole world…” (815-16)
Dostoevsky’s influence
• Philosophy: revival of Orthodoxy, eschatology, Nietsche • Politics: shapes Russian nationalism • Psychology: delves in a individual’s motivations in a way that presages Freud. • Critique of utopianism, revolution • Leads to the dystopian visions of the 20th century
Tolstoy’s influence: Art and estrangement War and Peace Natasha at the opera 8/9
The floor of the stage consisted of smooth boards, at the sides was some painted cardboard representing trees, and at the back was a cloth stretched over boards. In the center of the stage sat some girls in red bodices and white skirts. One very fat girl in a white silk dress sat apart on a low bench, to the back of which a piece of green cardboard was glued. They all sang something. When they had finished their song the girl in white went up to the prompter's box and a man with tight silk trousers over his stout legs, and holding a plume and a dagger, went up to her and began singing, waving his arms about. First the man in the tight trousers sang alone, then she sang, then they both paused while the orchestra played and the man fingered the hand of the girl in white, obviously awaiting the beat to start singing with her. They sang together and everyone in the theater began clapping and shouting, while the man and woman on the stage- who represented lovers- began smiling, spreading out their arms, and bowing.
Tolstoy vs Dostoevsky: Poetic • Dostoevsky: Symbolic reality achieved through dialogue, conflict (often physical); different characters incarnate different ideas; characters have an element of caricature, exaggeration • Tolstoy: observed reality depicted through metonymy; poet of the real, material world captured in representation of detail; plausible characters; much less dialogue.
Tolstoy’s influence
• • • • Politics: non-violence, rejection of progress Religion: rejection of the established church Life-style: the commune, vegetarianism Literature: the historical and realist novel: especially influential on English literature - E.M. Forster, D.H. Lawrence • Literary technique and theatre: representation of the material world • rejection of artificial convention in art.
Tolstoy vs Dostoevsky: Genres • Epic: TolstoyБайду номын сангаасs descriptive creation of a plausible world; time flows in long cycles of birth and death; change is slow; individuals travel through large spaces • Dramatic: Dostoevsky’s evocation of a world of conflict; time and space are compressed into a few weeks in one city, radical change in personality