给排水专业英语课文翻译

There are several species of bacteria that are widely found in the aquatic environment but so not normally cause illness in the immuno-competent. They are not therefore particularly associated with health problems from drinking-water. It is important to be aware of them nevertheless, as they have occasionally been associated with disease where people may already be ill with other conditions or their immune system is reduced and unable to cope (Dufour 1990).They are usually known as environmental bacteria, but I have also come across the terms adventitious or heterotrophic in this context (although heterotrophic strictly means they get their source of energy and cellular carbon from the oxidation of organic material, that is, by feeding on plants or animals-rather than photosvnchesis). Where laboratories carry out plare counts, it is often these bacteria that are cultured. There will be many different types of environmental bacturia but the imporiant ones for drinking-water safety are listed here.

Aeromonas

Aeromonas are commonly found in both fresh and salt waters. There are several species, each one favouring a particular environmental niche. Aeromonas bydropbila is found mainly in clean river water, Aeromonas sobria in stagnant water and Aeromonas caviae in marine water. They are so common that people have tried to use them in rivers as indicators of pollution. They are known to cause diarrhoea and infection in soft tissue where damaged skin comes into contact with contaminated river or lake water.

Aeromonas caviae is the one most commonly associated with diarrhoea. Diarrhoeal infection is usually mild, although more severe symptoms have occasionally been known, including bloody diarrhoea and chronic colitis (inflammation of the colon).

Aeromonas have been found in treated chlorinated water and sometimes, there is re-growth in the distribution pipes. Chlorine only appears to have a temporary effect on them and this may mean that it stops them from reproducing but does not kill them. If left (presumably so they can get their breath back and have a bit of a rest after the chlorine attack) they can continue as normal.

有一些种类的细菌在水生环境中被发现,但通常不引起疾病immuno-competent。他们并没有因此特别从饮水与健康问题有关。不过重要的是要意识到它们的存在,因为他们有时会与疾病有关,人们可能已经生病与其他条件或减少他们的免疫系统,无法应付(杜福尔1990)。他们通常被称为环境细菌,但是我也遇到偶然的条款或异养在这种情况下(虽然异养严格意味

着他们得到的能源和细胞碳氧化的有机物质,也就是说,在植物或饲养比photosvnchesis animals-rather)。实验室开展plare商榷的地方,通常这些细菌培养。将会有许多不同类型的环境bacturia但imporiant下面列出的饮用水安全。

气单胞菌属

气单胞菌属在新鲜和常见盐水域。有几个物种,每一个支持一个特定的环境。气单胞菌属bydropbila发现主要在干净的河水,气单胞菌属sobria死水,气单胞菌属caviae在海洋水。因为它们很常见,人们试图在河流的污染指标使用它们。他们已知的导致腹泻和感染在软组织受损皮肤接触受污染的河流或湖泊的水。

气单胞菌属caviae是最常见的腹泻。腹泻感染通常是温和的,虽然偶尔更严重的症状,包括出血性腹泻、慢性结肠炎(结肠炎症)。

气单胞菌属中发现了治疗氯化水,有时,有re-growth分布管道。氯只有似乎暂时影响他们,这可能意味着,这会阻止它们繁殖但不杀死他们。如果离开了(大概,这样他们就可以拿回自己的呼吸和休息有点氯后攻击)