六级语法长难句讲义

六级语法长难句讲义一简单句主语部分（subject group）谓语部分（predicate group）Professor Ward teaches English to university students.主语、谓语、宾语、定语、补语、状语、表语七种。

1)The household survey has a larger problem. （2013年6月第1套／第1篇／第4段／第1句）2)That makes finding a solution all the more difficult （2013年6月第1套／第1篇／第2段／第5句）.3)The urge to quantify is embedded in our society（2013年6月第1套／第1篇／第5段／第1句）.从句的概念1）Not surprisingly, the costs are steep（2013年12月第1套／第1篇／第1段／第2句）.2）This is hardly revolutionary, but it is presented in a charm-ing format（2013年6月第1套／第2篇／第3段／第3句）.3）With no sign of a new budget to close this gulf, one credit agency has already downgraded California's debt.4）For most of the 20th century the home of Silicon Valley and Hollywood has been the brainier and trendier of the two. （2014年6月第1套／第2篇／第1段／第2句）.5）Technology can make us smarter or stupider, and we need to develop a set of principles to guide our eve-ryday behavior and make sure that tech is improving and not impeding our mental processes. （2014年6月第1套／第2篇／第3段／第3句）.6）Indeed, evidence from cognitive science challenges the notion that skills can exist independent of factual knowledge. （2014年6月第1套／第2篇／第3段／第3句）.第二节主语从句1）Ac-counts suggest that he was subjected to cruel beatings and emoti onal torture ,and that he was humiliated (羞辱) constantly by his father, What sets Jackson’s family apart is t hat his father used his reign of terror to train his children as musi cians and dancers（2013年6月第1套／第2篇／第4段／第2句）.2）It is essential that a meeting be convened this week.It is appropriate that this tax be abolished.It’s unfair that so many people should lose their jobs.3）Furthermore it is obvious ||that the strength of a country‘s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry,|| and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.再者，显而易见的是，一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。

4）That he is still alive is a wonder.Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.Whoever is top wins the game when two matched players meet.When we arrive doesn’t matter.What we need is money.第三节宾语从句及物动词后的宾语从句I remember that we have learned this word before.真题解析1）Directionally, they capture the trends, but the idea that we know precisely how many are unemployed is a myth （2013年6月第1套／第1篇／第2段／第3句）.2）Demographers reckon that three-quarters of humanity could be city-dwelling by 2050,with most of the increase coming into fast-growing towns of Asia and Africa（2013年6月第1套／第2篇／第2段／第2句）.3）Apparently everyone knows that global warming only makes climate more extreme（2013年6月第3套／第2篇／第1段／第1句）.4）He claims that global warming caused the current drought in America’s Midwest, and that supposedly record-high corn prices could cause a global food crisis（2013年6月第3套／第2篇／第2段／第2句）.5）The payroll survey also doesn’t capture the number of self-employed, and so says little about how many people are generatingan independent income（2013年12月第1套／第1篇／第3段／第5句）6）But in the course of trying to do so, they generated a lot of ideas about the nature of the problems and about what potential solutions would look like（2013年12月第1套／第1篇／第3段／第5句）.7）And when the two groups were tested on what they’d learned the second group “significantly outperformed” the first（2013年12月第1套／第1篇／第5段／第6句）.第四节表语从句表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当，它常位于系动词（be, become, appear, seem, look, sound, feel, get,smell等词）之后。

如果句子的表语也是由一个句子充当的，那么这个充当表语的句子就叫做表语从句。

1）The problem is that the statistics aren’t an objective measure of reality; they are simply a best approximation.（2013年6月第1套／第1篇／第2段／第3句）2） Democrats and Republicans can and will take sides on a number of issues, but a more crucial concern is that both are basing major policy decisions on guesstimates rather than looking at the vast wealth of raw data with a critical eye andan open mind（2013年6月第1套／第1篇／第5段／第3句）.3）His main thesis is that the buzz of urban life, and the op-portunities it offers for com-operation and collaboration, iswhat attracts people to the city which in turn makes cities into the engines of art, commerce, science and progress（2013年6月第1套／第2篇／第3段／第2句.4）All in all, if you want to bring up a Mozart or Bach, the key fact or is how hard you are prepared to crack the whip（2013年6月第1套／第2篇／第6段／第1句.).5）That’s why we establish or reestablish connection by greeting strangers and friends with a handshake（2013年6月第3套／第1篇／第4段／第6句.).第五节状语从句（1）时间状语从句1）Those factors are more than enough to make up for the squalor(肮脏),disease and spectacular poverty that those same migrants must often at first endure when they become urban dwellers（2013年6月第1套／第2篇／第2段／第4句）.2）In the chapter on skyscrapers, for example, Mr. Smith touches on construction methods, the revolutionary invention of the automatic lift, the practicalities of living in the sky and the likelihood that, as cities become more crowded, apartment living will become the norm（2013年6月第1套／第2篇／第4段／第1句）.条件状语从句3）They are a vital part of an array of data that we use to assess if we’re doing well or doing badly, and that in turn shapes government policies and corporate budgets and per-sonal spending decisions（2013年6月第1套／第1篇／第2段／第2句）.4）if you are one person with two jobs, you know up as two workers.（2013年6月第1套／第1篇／第3段／第4句）让步状语从句5） Although it’s often assumed musical ability us inherited, there’s abundant evidence that this isn’t the case（2013年6月第1套／第2篇／第1段／第2句）.6) Whenever a customer would inquire about my book, the volu nteer would take them over to the shelf and point to it（2013年6月第3套／第1篇／第3段／第4句）.原因状语从句7) Unemployment in January jumped to a 16-year high of 7.6 percent, as 598,000 jobs were slashed from US payrolls in the worst single-month decline since December, 1974.（2013年6月第1套／第1篇／第1段／第2句）8) This nameless person pushed the human race over a his-toric threshold, for it was in that year that mankind became, for the first time in its history, a predominantly urban species （2013年6月第1套／第2篇／第1段／第2句）.9) And, fortunately, this year’s drought appears unlikely to cause a food crisis, as global rice and wheat supplies retain plentiful（2013年6月第3套／第2篇／第4段／第1句）.第六节定语从句（1)关系代词引导1) Mr. Smith has written a breezy guidebook, with a seriesof short chapters dedicated to specific aspects of urbanity-parks, say, or the various schemes that have been put forwardover the years for building the perfect city（2013年6月第1套／第2篇／第3段／第4句）.2) Finally, Krugman conveniently forgets that concerns about global warming are the main reason that corn prices have skyrocketed since 2005（2013年6月第3套／第2篇／第5段／第1句）.3) Among the government’s most interesting reports is one that estimates what parents spend on their child-ren（2013年12月第1套／第1篇／第1段／第1句）.4) Societies that cannot replace their populations discourage investment and innovation（2013年12月第1套／第1篇／第3段／第1句）..5) Young Americans already face a bleak labor market that cannot instill(注入) confidence about having child-ren（2013年12月第1套／第1篇／第6段／第1句）.第七节定语从句（2）关系副词1)There was a time not long ago when new science Ph.D.s in the United States were expected to pursue a career path in academia(学术界)（2013年12月第2套／第1篇／第1段／第1句）.2) Countries with the highest scores tend to be clustered in the West, where gender discrimination is against the law, and equal rights are constitutionally enshrined(神圣化)（2013年12月第2套／第2篇／第4段／第1句）.who,whom,that,which,whose关系副词=preposition(介词)+relative pronoun(关系代词)例如：where=in which,when=on which,why=for whichWould you please tell me the way to the zoo?This is the place where(that) I first met her.We were very happy in those days when we studied in school.This is the reason for which (why) he was late for school.That's the day on which (when) I met him in the street.第八节定语从句（3）1)But Bowman’s supporters argue that Monsanto is trying to ex-pand the scope of patents in ways that would enrich big corporations and hurt small farmers（2013年12月第3套／第2篇／第4段／第3句）.2) But this is a real-life argument before a Supreme Court that has a well-earned reputation for looking out for the interests of large corporations （2013年12月第3套／第2篇／第5段／第2句）.非限制性定语从句3)Nowadays 40 percent of corn grown in the United States is used to produce ethanol（乙醇）,which does absolutely noth-ing for the climate, but certainly distorts the price of corn—at the expense of many of the world’s poorest people（2013年6月第3套／第2篇／第5段／第2句）.4) They are also hoping the court’s ruling will rein in patent law, which is increasingly being used to claim new life forms as private property.（2013年12月第1套／第2篇／第2段／第4句）.5) We have, and that case is Bowman v. Monsanto, which is be-ing argued on Tuesday.（2013年12月第1套／第2篇／第2段／第2句）第九节同位语从句1) At some point in 2008,someone, probably in either Asia or Africa, made the decision to move from the countryside to the city（2013年6月第1套／第2篇／第1段／第1句）2)They are a vital part of an array of data that we use to assess if we’re doing well or doing badly, and that in turn shapes government policies and corporate budgets and personal spending decisions（2013年6月第1套／第1篇／第2段／第2句）3) Directionally, they capture the trends, but the idea that we know pre-cisely how many are unemployed is a myth（2013年6月第1套／第1篇／第2段／第3句）4) But the idea that statisticians can then capture an objective reality isn’t just impossible.（2013年6月第1套／第1篇／第5段／第2句）5) Both Martin Luther King and John Kennedy appealed to the idea that humans can transcend what were once considered inherent limi-tations（2013年12月第1套／第2篇／第5段／第2句）.6)While it seems that at birth virtually everyone has perfect pitch, the reas ons that one child is better than another are motivation and practice （2013年6月第1套／第2篇／第1段／第3句）.第十节非谓语动词（1）1) With 1.8 million jobs lost in the last three months, there is urgent desire to boost the economy as quickly as possible.（2013年6月第1套／第1篇／第1段／第3句）2) That makes finding a solution all the more difficult.（2013年6月第1套／第1篇／第1段／第5句）3) Migrants to cities are attracted by plentiful jobs, access to hospit-als and education, and the ability to escape the boredom of a far-mer’s agricultural life（2013年6月第1套／第2篇／第2段／第3句）.4) In this case, having to then let go of the book after holding it mig ht generate a subtle sense of loss, and motivate us to make the pur chase even more（2013年6月第3套／第1篇／第4段／第7句）.5) Just physically passing the book showed a big difference in sales.（2013年6月第3套／第1篇／第4段／第3句）.6) To stabilize its population---discounting immigration---women must have an average of two children（2013年12月第3套／第1篇／第3段／第4句）.7) Though having a child is a deeply personal decision, it’s shaped by culture, religion, economics, and government policy（2013年12月第3套／第1篇／第4段／第1句）.第十一节非谓语动词（2）非谓语动词做定语1)The result is a sort of high-quality, unusually rigorous coffee-table book, designed to be dipped into rather than read from beginning to end（2013年6月第1套／第2篇／第3段／第6句）.2) A Voyage to the Moon, often cited as the first science fiction story, was written by Cyrano de Bergerac in 1649（2013年12月第2套／第2篇／第1段／第2句）.3）They resonated(共鸣) with optimism and ambition in much the same way as the most famous dream speech of all, delivered by Martin Luther King Jr. two years later（2013年12月第1套／第2篇／第2段／第2句）.1)作主语To make a plan for our future is important.2)作表语The important thing is to save lives.3) 作宾语I like to go for a walk in the warm sunshine.4)作定语She usually has a lot of meetings to attend in the evenings.5) 作状语She decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.6) 作主语补足语It is reported to be true.7) 作宾语补足语Please remind me to take my medicine tomorrow.第十二节非谓语动词（3）非谓语动词做状语1）When asked straight forwardly, people tend to lie or shade the truth when the subject is sex, money or employment.（2013年6月第1套／第1篇／第4段／第2句）2）The same was true of children selected for entry to specialistmusic schools, compared with those who were rejected（2013年6月第2套／第1篇／第3段／第1句）.3）The chosen children had parents who had very actively supervised m us-ic lessons and daily practice from young ages, giving up substantial p eriods of leisure time to take the children to lessons and concerts （2013年6月第2套／第1篇／第3段／第2句.4）Sales at online retailers gained by more than 15%, making it the bigge st season ever. （2013年6月第3套／第1篇／第1段／第2句）.5）Brain imaging showed that, on touching the paper, the emotional cent er of the brain was activated, thus forming a stronger bond（2013年6月第3套／第1篇／第5段／第3句）.6）Government now supports the elderly, diminishing the need for children（2013年12月第1套／第1篇／第5段／第3句）.7）Young Americans already face a bleak labor market that cannot instill(注入) confidence about having children, Piling on higher taxes won’t help（2013年12月第1套／第1篇／第6段／第1句）①表目的：She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. 她卖掉了自己的头发来买那条表链。