新编汉英翻译教程(第二版)课时PPT

毛主席《为女民兵题照》 毛主席《为女民兵题照》
Most Chinese daughters have a desire strong; To face powder and not to powder the face.
高天滚滚寒流急； 高天滚滚寒流急； 大地微微暖气吹。 大地微微暖气吹。
毛主席《冬云》 毛主席《冬云》
严复
《天演论》 天演论》 公派到英国留学， 公派到英国留学，先入 普茨毛斯大学， 普茨毛斯大学，后转到 格林威治海军学院 译文简练，首倡“ 译文简练，首倡“信、 达、雅”的译文标准 1912年严复受袁世凯命 年严复受袁世凯命 担任北大校长之职
In translation, there are three difficulties to overcome, namely, faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance. It is already very difficult to achieve faithfulness. Without expressiveness, mere faithfulness would mean work to no avail.
那么这个想法怎么会由一个不起眼的念 头变成了文字，然后又变成了电影呢？ 头变成了文字，然后又变成了电影呢？ 答案是名人精疲力尽了。 答案是名人精疲力尽了。这位点石成金 的好莱坞宠儿由《西雅图夜未眠》 的好莱坞宠儿由《西雅图夜未眠》到 《玩具故事》和《阿波罗13号》，获得 玩具故事》 阿波罗 号 了一连串的票房成功，并因《 了一连串的票房成功，并因《费城的故 和随后的《阿甘正传》 事》和随后的《阿甘正传》连续两年问 鼎奥斯卡奖。 鼎奥斯卡奖。
Among average respectable woman envy plays an extraordinary large part. If you are sitting in the underground and a welldressed woman happens to walk along the car, watch the eyes of the other women. You will see that every one of them, with the possible exception of those who are even better dressed, will watch the woman with malevolent glances, and will be struggling to draw inferences as derogatory to her.
夜色四罩，城中之妻祈天保夫无恙， 夜色四罩，城中之妻祈天保夫无恙， 战场上其夫仆卧，一弹穿心，死矣。 战场上其夫仆卧，一弹穿心，死矣。
5
许渊冲
信 (faithfulness) 达 (expressiveness） ） 优（optimization)
中华儿女多奇志， 中华儿女多奇志， 不爱红妆爱武装。 不爱红妆爱武装。
赫胥黎独处一室之中，在英 伦之南，背山而面野。槛外 诸境，历历如在几下。乃悬 想两千年前，当罗马大将恺 彻未到时，此间有何景物。 计惟有天造草昧，人工未施。
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
2.
刘重德： 刘重德：
信于内容(faithfulness) 信于内容 达如其份(expressiveness 达如其份(expressiveness 切合文体（ 切合文体（closeness)
The Book of Change says that faithfulness is the first thing in wording . Confucius stated that what speech requires is only expressiveness. And again he said that language without literary grace cannot go far and wide. All these requirements mentioned above are indispensable both to writing and to translating.
对译者的要求
1） 扎实的语言基本功。 ） 扎实的语言基本功。 This large body of men had met on the previous night, despite the elements which were opposed to them, a heavy rain falling the whole of the night and drenching them to the skin. 这一大群人头天晚上还是聚到了一起， 这一大群人头天晚上还是聚到了一起，尽管 老天与他们作对，整夜下着倾盆大雨， 老天与他们作对，整夜下着倾盆大雨，大家 被淋得浑身透湿。 被淋得浑身透湿。 "尽管天公不作美 尽管天公不作美" 尽管天公不作美
《易经》曰：“修辞立 易经》 子曰： 诚”。子曰：“辞达而 又曰： 言之无文， 已”。又曰：“言之无文， 行而不远” 行而不远”。三者乃文章 正轨，亦即为译事楷模。 正轨，亦即为译事楷模。
译事三难： 译事三难：信、达、雅。 求其信，已大难矣。 求其信，已大难矣。顾 信矣不达， 信矣不达，虽译犹不译 也。
Darkness came down on the field and the city; and Amelia was praying for George, who was lying on his face, dead, with a bullet through his heart.
Vanity Fair,32 Thackery, ed.
1 Tytler’s Three Principles That the Translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. That the style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original. That the Translation should have all the ease of original composition. (Tytler, p. 9)
1.
2 The three-character principle proposed threeby Yanfu in his translation of Evolution, Ethics and Other Essays
信: faithfulness 达: expressiveness 雅: elegance
译文取明深义，故词 译文取明深义， 句之间， 句之间，时有所颠倒附 益，不斤斤于字比句次， 不斤斤于字比句次， 而意义则不倍本文。 而意义则不倍本文。
The translation must express the profound meaning of the original. As for the word order and that of sentences in the original, there is no need to stick to them. He may make some changes where necessary. But in meaning, the translation must conform to the original.
It may be safely assumed that, two thousand years ago, before Ceasar set foot in southern Britain, the whole countryside visible from windows of the room in which I write, was in what is called “the state of nature”.
In the sky cold waves are swiftly sweeping by; On the vast earth warm winds gradually growing high.
For never was a story of more woe, Than this of Juliet and her Romeo
在一般善良妇女身上，嫉妒具有 在一般善良妇女身上， 非常大的作用。要是你在地道车 非常大的作用。 内。有一个华丽的女子在车厢旁 边走过时，你试图留神旁的女子 边走过时， 的目光罢。她们之中，除了比那 的目光罢。她们之中， 个女子穿着更美的以外，都将用 个女子穿着更美的以外， 恶意的眼光注视着她，同时争先 恶意的眼光注视着她， 恐后地寻出贬抑她的话。 恐后地寻出贬抑她的话。
Chapter 2 The Criteria of Translation
What is the function of translation criteria? A plumb-line for measuring the professional level of translation; A goal set for translators to strive after.
人间的故事不能比这个更悲惨； 人间的故事不能比这个更悲惨； 像幽丽叶和她的柔密欧所受的灾难。 像幽丽叶和她的柔密欧所受的灾难。 -----曹禺
古往今来多少离合悲欢， 古往今来多少离合悲欢， 谁曾见过这样的哀怨辛酸。 谁曾见过这样的哀怨辛酸。
-----朱生豪
Translation standard abroad
2） 具有丰富的文化知识，熟悉以英语为 ） 具有丰富的文化知识， 母语的国家的诸如历史、宗教、政治、 母语的国家的诸如历史、宗教、政治、地 理、军事、外交、经济、文艺、科学、风 军事、外交、经济、文艺、科学、 土人情、民俗习惯等方面的社会文化。 土人情、民俗习惯等方面的社会文化。 So why did the idea come off the backburner and on to paper and then celluloid? Celebrity burn-out is the answer. Hollywood's man with the golden touch had had a string of box-office success, from Sleepless in Seattle to Toy Story and Apollo 13, and had won Oscars two years in succession, for Philadelphia and then Forrest Gump.