(完整版)托福听力分类词汇汇总
托福听力学科词汇大全
托福听力学科词汇大全为了帮助大家提高托福听力，下面小编给大家带来托福听力学科词汇大全，大家快来背诵一下吧！托福听力词汇总结：数学mathematician 数学家arithmetic 算术calculation 计算calculator 计算器abacus 算盘numeral 数字sum 和total (sum total) 总和，总数 aggregate 总计 fraction 分数小数 decimal 十进位，(十进)小数 digit 数字，数位 percentage 百分比 deduction (inference) 推论，演绎 induction 归纳托福听力词汇总结：物理学statics 静力学motion 运动inertia 惯性gravitation 引力relativity 相对 gravity 地心引力 vibration 震动 medium (media) 媒质 frequency 频率 wavelength 波长 pitch 音高 intensity 强度 echo 回声resonance 回声，洪亮sonar 声纳ultrasonics 超声学electricity 电static electricity 静电magnetism 磁性，磁力magnet 磁体electromagnet 电磁magnetic field 磁场electric current 电流direct current (DC) 直流电 alternating current (AC) 交流电 electric circuit 电路 electric charge 电荷 electric voltage 电压 electric shock 触电electric appliance 电器conductor 导体insulator 绝缘体semiconductor 半导体battery (cell) 电池dry battery 干电池storage battery 蓄电池electronics 电子学electronic 电子的electronic component (part) 电子零件 integrated circuit 集成电路chip 集成电器片，集成块 electron tube 电子管 vacuum tube 真空管 transistor 晶体管amplification (名词)放大 amplify (动词)放大 amplifier 放大器，扬声器 oscillation 震荡 optical 光(学)的 optical fiber 光学纤维 lens 透镜，镜片convex 凸透镜concave 凹透镜microscope 显微镜telescope 望远镜 magnifier 放大镜 spectrum 光谱 ultraviolet 紫外线X rays X射线Gamma rays γ射线infrared rays 红外线microwaves 微波 dispersion 色散 transparent 透明 translucent 半透明 opaque 不透明的托福听力词汇总结：化学compound 化合物 hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物 derivative 衍生物alchemy 炼金术 petroleum (oil) 石油 petroleum products 石油产品crude oil 原油 refine 提炼精炼 gasoline 汽油 methane 甲烷 solution 溶液 dissolve 溶解solvent 溶剂solubility 可溶性cohesive 聚合力adhesive 粘合力atom 原子 nucleus 原子核 electron 电子 neutron 中子 proton 质子molecule 分子 particle 粒子 ion 离子 particle accelerator 粒子加速器 catalysis (复数catalyses) 催化作用 catalyst 催化剂 artificial 人造的synthetic 合成的synthetic fiber 人造纤维polymer 聚合物polymerization 聚合作用plastic 塑料dye 染料cosmetics 化妆品(物理类)physics 物理mechanics 力学thermodynamics 热力学acoustics 声学electromagnetism 电磁学optics 光学dynamics 动力学force 力velocity 速度 acceleration 加速度 equilibrium 平衡托福听力词汇总结：气象学meteorology 气象 meteorologist 气象学家 forecast (predict) 预报 climate 气候 atmosphere 大气层 troposphere 对流层 current (气)流 vapor 蒸汽 evaporate 蒸发 damp (wet; moist; humid) 潮湿的 humidity 湿度 moisture 潮湿;水分 saturate 饱和dew 露frost 霜fog (mist) 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水珠condense 浓缩crystal 水晶体downpour (torrential rain) 大雨tempest (storm) 暴风雨 drizzle 细雨 shower 阵雨 hail 冰雹 blizzard (snowstorm) 暴风雪 avalanche (snowslide) 雪崩 precipitation (雨、露、雪等)降水 breeze 微风 gale 大风 whirlwind 旋风 typhoon 台风hurricane 飓风 tornado (twister, cyclone) 龙卷风 funnel 漏斗，漏斗云disaster (calamity, catastrophe) 灾难devastation 破坏submerge 淹没 drought 旱灾(化学类) chemistry chemical property 化学特性，化学性质chemical composition ( makeup ) 化学成分 chemical agent 化学试剂 chemical reaction 化学反应 chemical change 化学变化 chemical bond 化学键chemical apparatus 化学器械substance (matter; material) 物质element 元素periodic table 周期表hydrogen 氢oxygen 氧 nitrogen 氮 helium 氦 carbon 碳 calcium 钙 silicon 硅sulfur 硫 iodine 碘。
托福听力常考词汇总结
托福听力常考词汇总结托福听力中的词汇常常是考生最为头痛的，托福词汇量太大怎么记?店铺为大家带来托福听力常考词汇总结,本汇总将按照话题对词汇进行分类，便于考生记忆。
托福听力常考词汇关于天文学天文学 astronomyconstellation 星座zodiac (星象学的星座)planet 行星sun 恒星Jupiter 木星Pluto 冥王星Saturn 土星Mercury 水星Mars 火星Venus 金星Neptune 海王星Uranus 天王星Ceres 谷物星(the largest asteroid and thefirst discovered)White dwarf 白矮星Big Dipper 北斗七星Asteroid belt 小行星带Milky Way 银河系Galaxy n.星系orbit v.运行n.轨道rotate v. 转Axis n.轴track n. 轨道outer space外太空gravity n.重力equator n.赤道tropical 热带的brightness n.亮度dimension n.维度distance n. 距离Eclipse (日月食)Wane, diminish v. 逐渐变小Centripetal 向心Centrifugal 离心Nebula 星云(an immense cloud of gas (mainly hydrogen) and dust in interstellar space)Nebulous adj. 星云的Gas 气体 (rock, ice, hydrogen, oxygen) Particle 微粒Polar light 极光Astronomical 天文的Astrophysics 天文物理学Big Dipper 北斗七星Black hole 黑洞Celestial 天体的Celestial map 天体图Centrifugal force 离心力Chondrite 球粒状陨石Chromosphere太阳的色球层Clockwise 顺时针Cluster 星团，一群星星Comet 彗星Cosmos 宇宙,cosmetic宇宙的Cosmology宇宙学Emission 排放物，发射Faint 微弱的Feeble 微弱的Gaseous bodies 气态包Gravitational force 吸引力Greenwich mean time 格林尼治时间High resolution 高清晰度Ignite 引燃Illusive object 幻影物体Image 影响，形象Infinite 无限的Infrared ray 红外射线Interferometer 干扰仪Intergalactic 星系间的International date line 国际日期变更线Interplanetary 星球间的Interstellar星际的Leap year 闰年Light year光年Luminosity光亮度Lunar 阴历的，月亮的Massive 巨大的Meteor 流星Meteor shower 流星雨Meteorite陨石Meteoroid流星体Molten 融化的Naked eye 裸眼Observatory 天文台Photosphere 光球层Planetarium 天文馆Planetoid 小行星Polestar 北极星Pseudoscience 伪科学Quasar 类星体Radiation 辐射Revolution 旋转Rotation 旋转Satellite 卫星Sky atlas 天体图Solar corona 日冕Space debris 太空垃圾Space shuttle 太空飞船Space suit 太空服Spin 快速旋转Star cluster 星群，星团Stellar 星星的Sunspot 太阳黑子Time difference 时差Time zone 时区托福听力常考词汇关于表演艺术表演艺术(舞蹈，电影，音乐 etc.) Genre 艺术分类Performing art 表演艺术modern dance piece现代舞concert 音乐会play剧opera 歌剧film 电影camera 摄影camera shotanalytical 分析的parallel 平行的ballet 芭蕾舞choreographer 舞蹈指导Fine/visual arts 视觉艺术Abstract art抽象艺术landscape风景photography 摄影exposure 曝光develop film 冲洗胶卷negative n. 底片portrait(portray v. )肖像, 人像、still life静物sculpture 雕塑statue 人物雕像lifelike 逼真的vividanthem 国歌Critic 评论家Criticism 批评，评论Review n.评论Masterpiece 杰作Have aesthetic value 有美学价值Aesthetic appeal 美学吸引力Feature 特点Characteristics 特点Distinct adj.与众不同的Unique 独一无二的Style 风格Technique 技巧Gallery n.画馆Edition n.专辑Release v. 发行Debut n.首映Impressionist 印象主义者Impressionism 印象派Perspective 透视法Angle 角度Press/Publishing house出版社Acclaim v. 盛赞mirage 海市蜃楼prolific 多产Preserve v. 保存Extinct adj.灭绝的，消失的托福听力常考词汇关于文学文学Literature 文学Poetry诗歌biography传记autobiography 自传detective stories 侦探小说drama 戏剧novel 小说Novelist 小说家collection of short stories短篇小说集Allegory寓言Comparative literature比较文学Diary 日记Editorial 社论，重要评论Fiction 小说Aestheticism 唯美 Autobiography 自传Descriptive prose 描述散文Fairy tale 童话Futurism 未来派Legend 传说Literary studies 文学研究Narrative prose 叙述性散文Podium 讲台Prose 散文Realism 现实主义School of literature 文学派别Leading character 主要角色Literary criticism 文学评论Literary studies 文学学习Modernism 现代主义Plot 情节Poetry 诗歌Prologue 前言Proverb谚语Surrealism 超现实主义托福听力常考词汇关于美术美术Art gallery艺廊Calligraphy书法Imitating模仿Landscape painting风景画Oil painting油画Paste 粘贴Crayon 蜡笔，粉笔，颜料Pigmentation 颜料Canvas 帆布Wax 蜡Spectrum 光谱Perspective透视画法Poster 海报Portrait 肖像Model 模式，模特mural 壁画Panorama 全景Pastel drawing蜡笔画Sketch草图Autograph手稿。
托福听力词汇分类总结
托福阅读、听力词汇分类总结EDUCATIONSchoolingkindergarten primary primary-school elementary elementary-school secondary secondary-school university college normal-university key-university comprehensive comprehensive-university technical technical-school vocational vocational-certificate organization union the-students'-union canteenuniversity-medical-service campus campus-clinic auditorium library laundry dormitory laboratory semester option course counsel counseling-center remediation classmate monitor genial fatherly supervise exalt praise supplicated follow imitate exhibit attend administrate graduate postgraduate doctor specialized principle textbook video lecture recite pronounce repetition imitation compose repeatSubjectscompulsory compulsory-course mandatory mandatory-subject mathematics physics chemistry biology politics history geography P.E. geology literature science sociology philosophy psychology engineering medicine astronomy economics law finance architecture ethnology botany zoologyMathematicsmathematician arithmetic calculation calculator abacus numeral sum aggregate fraction decimal decimal-fraction decimal-point digit percentage addition plus subtraction minus minus-sign multiplication multiplication-table multiply power square division divide algebra equation formula root geometry geometric dimension parallel parallel-lines quadrilateral area rectangle polygon cube volume circle ellipse oval cone circumference diameter radius triangle angle degree differential calculus differential-calculus integral-calculus function probability statistics quantitative deduction inference inductionPhysics mechanics acoustics electromagnetism optics dynamics force velocity acceleration equilibrium motion inertia gravitation relativity gravity vibration media frequency wavelength pitch intensity echo resonance sonar electricity static static-electricity magnetism magnet electromagnet magnetic magnetic-fieldelectric-current direct-current alternating-current electric-circuit electric-charge electric-voltage electric-shock electric-appliance conductor insulator semiconductor battery cell dry-battery storage-battery electronics electronic electronic-component integrated circuit integrated circuit chip electron-tube vacuum vacuum-tube transistor amplification amplify oscillation optical optical-fiber lens convex concave microscope telescope magnifier spectrum ultraviolet x-rays gamma-rays infrared-rays microwaves transparent translucent opaqueChemistrychemical property chemical-property chemical-composition chemical-makeup agent chemical-agent chemical-reaction chemical-change bond chemical-bond apparatus substance matter material element periodic periodic-table hydrogen oxygen nitrogen helium carbon calcium silicon sulfur iodine compound hydrocarbon derivative alchemy petroleum petroleum-products crude-oil refine gasoline methane solution dissolve solvent solubility cohesion adhesion atom nucleus electron neutron proton molecule particle particle-accelerator ion catalysis catalyst artificial synthetic synthetic-fiber polymer polymerization plastic dyeInfant Educationinfant immature na?ve curious inquisitive emulate slothful ignorant selfish shortsighted self-centered bias naughty diffident dependent self-respect self-control allowance social interpersonal rational moral attain preference foster interact behavior blame mental intellectual potential agile creative intellect imagination activity clumsy stimulate respond puzzle distract nature leadLIVING ORGANISMHuman Evolutionera Eolithic Neolithic tribe hominid primate chimp ape gorilla anthropoid caveman dweller skeleton molar intelligence transition mutation resemble capacity capability specimen coexist famine originate homogeneousclan stone-ageiron-age Paleolithic Mesolithic cranialLaboring Activitiesdig spade shovel furrow pluck pioneer develop pick cultivate spear club defensive rough sharpen hunt grab poultry tame domesticate slaughter fatigue workable inventive facility tackle net handmade maintain apprentice blacksmith silversmith reposeHuman Body Structureskull brain forehead eyebrow eyelid eyelash eye ear cheek mouth lip tongue tooth chin neck throat shoulder wrist elbow finger thumb chest heart intestine liver kidney stomach lung belly waist hip spine knee shin heel toe thigh ankleAnimal Speciesmarine aquatic dolphin seal selfish crab prawn lobster terrestrial mammal chimpanzee reindeer zebra amphibian bat bedbug beetle spider firefly dragonfly rooster dove kingfisher swallow eagle nightingale peacock penguin woodpeckerBody Structure of Animalsbeak wing feather limb talon fell fur hoof horn breast flank paw fin gill tentacle antenna claw ventral abdomenInhabitinghabitat continent rainforest Antarctic Arctic burrow cave cavern den grassland honeycomb lair nest nestle perch roost menagerie pigpen pigsty pond fishbowlHabits and Characteristics truculent feral ferocious fiendish fierce combative cultivated meek tractable docile timid cunning gregarious hive herbivorous carnivorous omnivorous nocturnal ecdysisBreeding and Migrationinbreeding mate copulate multiply propagate multiply propagate reproduce crossbreed thoroughbred pregnant childbearing parturition calf offspring whelp runt mature migrate immigratePlant Speciesazalea peony lotus orchid daffodil gardenia laurel bush shrub evergreen cypress willow holly ivy olive scrub palm oak elm aspen pine bamboo cotton reed straw hay tissue spore bean cabbage carrot cauliflower cress cucumber eggplant garlic oat onion pea peanut potato pumpkin radish tomato almond cherry coconut grape lemon mango peach pear pineapple strawberry walnut watermelonPlant Cultivationgreen finger gardener planter peasant crop breed harrow plough hoe graft implantation muck manure hose irrigate drain scissor trim weed mow fertilize pesticide harvest reapPlant Growthseed sprout bud germinate bloom pollen petal calyx corolla fragrant florescence blossom blown wither shrivel wilt defoliate blight decompose rot perish putrefy toxin stalk stem trunk parasite transplant transpiration photosynthesis respiration fertilizer lush thrive ripe proliferous pullulatePlant Colorsviolet lavender mauve purple magenta rosy sanguine scarlet reddish pink ivory milky jade verdant maize yellowish golden maroon chocolate sandy brown grizzle indigo azure palePlant Applicationbouquet perfume garland wreath beautify textile horticulture carpenter charcoal nutriment honey brew popcorn yogurt beverage wineASTRONOMY AND GEOGRAPHYHeavenly Bodiescosmos milky-way galaxy constellation interstellar luminary celestial solar nova supernova stellar cynosure shooting-star comet nucleus quasar sidereal starletplanet planetary Venus Mars Saturn Mercury Jupiter asteroid lunarAstronomical Phenomenachromosphere aureole eclipse eyewitness fantastic sunset sunglow impact polychrome aurora zenith solstice nebula meteorite meteor sunspot weightlessness revolution rotation phase crescent coincidence tide astronomer drift float horizon axis sphereAstronomical Technologyastronaut cosmonaut spacecraft shuttle hatch spacesuit rocket satellite controller instrument module cabinet prototype radar screen screw experimental maiden unmanned liftoff launch eject kindle insulation sacrifice shock synchronous deploy accelerate fuel observe base planetarium observatory astrolabe sundial almanac astrology horoscope magnetosphere orbit globe aerospace atmosphere light-year mission probe explodeTopographies and Landformsterrain physiognomy alpine barren bluff cliff cape crest bog marsh moorland canyon valley cavern cove foothill highland plateau tableland upland terrace meadow oasis peninsula plain prairie reef iceberg volcano crater slope tributary downstream deltaRocks and Minerals mineral ore basalt bauxite crystal diamond dripstone emerald flint gem granite jade lime marble mineral-deposit moonstone opal quartz ruby turquoise spa bedrock gravel boulder cobble pebble coalmine lode quarry prospecting dowseGeographical Phenomenabackwash cascade convection debris-flow erosion soil-erosion landslide rupture sediment weathering circulation erupt dormant collide deposit scour alluvialClimatemonsoon subtropics subtropical littoral continental coastal oceanic Mediterranean moisture humid grassy drought arid semiarid seasonal annual variable globalregional abnormality abominable disgusting wicked wile execrable delightful pleasant temperate polarWeatherforecast weather-forecast predict blizzard drizzle downpour sleet raindrop intermittent freakish barometric scale subzero frost icicle flake chilly icyfrigid dew hail lightning fog thunder moderate violent squall trade breeze gale cyclone hurricane typhoon tornado headwind gusty flood tsunami smoky muggy sultry scorching smotherGeographic Terminologyequator meridian latitude longitude perigee torrid tropical macroclimate continental-shelf oceanic-trench glacial megarelief mollisol permafrost migration markstone vegetation humidity multimeter multisensor nephograph nonius pantograph pedometer penetrometer perforatorLiving Environmentbiosphere ecosystem environment fauna fenland flora mountainous preservereciprocal reserve settlement tropic wetland zonePollution infrared ultraviolet radiation ozone ozone-layer noxious toxic waste solid-waste sewage-disposal purification decibel dump ecologist rain-forest food-chain pollution-free pollutant acid acid-rain carcinogen contamination pollute pollution discharge disposable drainage effluent leakage sewage emission greenhouse-effect radioactive misshapen exhaust fume spit junk litter trash lumber overexploitation exhaustion abate shortage desertification destruction deterioration endangered disaster hazardous red-tide sandstormEnvironmental Protection Measuresadministration convention declaration awareness obligation penalty propagandize utilization afforestation windbreak greening landscaping green-industry protection conservation decontaminate purifier disposal filtration separator dike landfill biodegradable degradable environment-friendly economization recovery sustainable recycle recyclable renewableSCIENTIFIC RESEARCHArcheologyruin remains relic antique antiquity archeologist excavation excavate unearth artifact archaeology acclimate accustom adapt adjust ancient biological degenerate evidence evolution evolve extinct fossil gene genetic gradual inheritance maladaptive optimization origin procedure species supersede survive variationTechnological Productiondigital device monitor sensor scanner laptop LCD processor hardware cableinterface software operating-system network homepage multi-media download password accessory portableApplication and Developmentinnovation computerize internet log-on log-off hyperlink online memory decipher commercial profitable automatic intricate substitute technology robot impact overthrowInvention and Creationcreate creation invent invention devise contrive originate originality patent multifunction apply necessity advanced profit valuableENTERPRISETradesagriculture fishery butchery manufacture masonry joinery lumbering glazing mining shipbuilding aviation utilities journalism insurance tourism retailing advertising moonlighting intermediary underwriter hairdressing textile hosieryModern Agricultureagricultural silt cold agrarian pilot rural idyllic irrigation farm-animal farm-car farm-crane farm-product farm-vehicle farm-working farming farming-season autarkic tractor combine cowboy ranch cross pasture contract mechanize smallholder pastoral graze nomadicEnterprise Classificationventure joint-venture enterprise SOE FOE Sino-foreign-joint-ventures cartel combine conglomerate cooperative corporation lose-making profit-making public-institutionCompetitionopponent rival respectable admirable upright appreciate sportsmanship impartial unjust inimical vilify befoul telltale skullduggery malign underestimate undercut outbid promotion appraise debt bankruptImport and Export importation exportation commerce transaction rebate purchase bulk bulk-sale distribution hire-purchase installment installment-plan dispute consultation mediation tariff delivery transit warehouse endorse receipt clearance liquidation dumping anti-dumping barrier trade-barrier domestic external overseasProducts and Servicescommodity merchandise appliance utensil machinery component assemble condiment confectionery cosmetic dairy feedstuff mobile telecommunication electronic energy-saving glassware porcelain headwear household logistic stationeryAdvertising and Publicizingadvertisement brand communication target consumer customer persuasion cognition motivation marketing brainwash promote model strategy popularity magnify exaggerate impact irreplaceable irresponsible nonprofit leaflet tract junk-mail billboard posterCommercial Policyconvention alliance policy implement bilateral mutual mutually recognition abide negotiate repeal countervail violate undermine elimination liberalization beneficial intransigence economic operational investment guarantee propertyCommercial OrganizationsWTO IMF CTG EFTA AFTA JCCT NAFTA UNCTAD GATTPrice and Insuranceduty customs charge freight due commission surcharge import-surcharge allowance damage variable import-variable-duties FOB net capital fund retail retail-price wholesale wholesale-price fluctuate compensation pilferage valuation parent-company directorate chairman headquarter personnel branch-office business-office personnel-department human-resources-department general-affairs-department accounting auditing sales sales-department sales-promotion-department international-department public-relations-department planning-department brainpower research-and-development-departmentsecretarial secretarial-pool teamwork unitedPositionadministrator president principal minister ambassador official director director-general executive supervisor accountant broker cashier jobber analyst coordinator decorator architect engineer technician professor assistant lecturer tutor librarian consultant intern proofreader agent receptionist recruiter security staffResponsibilityarrange cooperate demonstration disposition handle documentation registration statistic fulltime permanent part-time temporary installation interpret modification negotiation promotionLabor Unionsorganize union guild society association consortium unionize guildhall advocateconvener conflict defuse instigate safeguard nonunion voluntary non-governmentalOffice Suppliescomputer mouse keyboard printer electrograph cabinet drawer notebook ball-print vase pencil-vase clip tack file envelope lampJob Hunting and Recruitmentwant-ad recruit request applicant application apply recommendation resume job-hopping job-hunt investigate identify assessmentcandidate inform interviewhesitate relax ease presentation describe confident contact participate feedback panelJob Requirementsaccountable aggressive adaptable capable diploma bachelor collaboration coordination team-work sedulity diligence faithful initiative persistent practical experienced familiarity professional proficiency proficient resourceful tactful knowledgeable logical flexibilityEmploymentemployment counselor inquiry career content job-market well-paid white-collarblue-collar overtime qualified cautious enthusiasm attitude motivation compete team-spirit impression letter-of-reference appoint nominate promote annoy isolate bossy dismiss shelve lay-off layoff pension bonus tax enrollment register leave attendance check-on-work-attendance schedule agendaCareer DevelopmentEntrepreneur prospect expand improvement promising lifelong raiseCULTUREArt GenresClassicism romanticism realism symbolism impressionism expressionism naturalism existentialism fauvism abstract-art cubism Byzantine futurism RomanesqueGothic BaroquePainting and SculptureExhibition gallery salon inspiration artist sculptor pigment crayon brush chalk frame canvas sketch portrait watercolor landscape seascape engraving nude caricature tracing plaster clay profile engrave carve statue bronze vivid lifelikeLiterature and DramaMasterpiece essay anthology prose novel biography allegory myth fiction science-fiction criticism satire reportage attractive thought-provoking copyright poet poetry poem ode sonnet verse rhyme playwright theatre drama comedy farce mummery perform plot episode denouementLanguage Origin and UsageAboriginal exotic Latin Greek Rome French orient communicate lingual bilingual linguist linguistic verbal oral pronunciation accent stress fluent coherent articulate vocabulary expression phrase clause adage byword idiom proverb motto slang jargon ironyMusic and DanceMusician songster pianist soloist soprano tenor bass conductor rap rock jazz symphony blues R&B bassoon flute violin piano pantomime opera ballet anthem solo lyrics melody rhythm time composition cassette microphone step ballroom arena popMovieFilmdom first-run-cinema continuous-performance-cinema projector showing screening premiere festival film-festival certificate censor's-certificate distributordirector producer adaptation adapter scenarist stagehandactor leading-actor actress leading-actress supporting-role costar cinematographer utility-man stand-in stunt stunt-man swordsman cast screenplay script exterior lighting shooting shooting-schedule special-effects slow-motion montage sound-effects dub studio property spotlight serial trailer silent-cinema sound-motion picture newsreel documentary literary-film musical tragedy swordsmen-film detective-film ethical ethical-film affectional affectional-filmBroadcastingBroadcast wave transmitter receiver signal preside anchor anchorperson newscast newscaster audience fair-sounding talkative DJ BBC VOA program rank ranks hotline consult announceNewsPress news-agency wire-service news-conference carry censor release journalist accredit accredited-journalist correspondent stringer contributing-editor copy-editor contributor columnist free-lancer journal weekly periodical quarterly newssheet extra supplement chart column contribution press-release title caption cartoon photograph headline banner update newsletter breaking-news fudge bulletin highlight affair anecdote back-alley-news rumor slander grapevine expose abstract brief boil-down digest editorialTraditions and CustomsConvention custom habitude civilization legacy aboriginal ancestor background antiquated timeworn dated unique folk extinction preserve diversityFolkwaysFolkway civilian honest virtuous unsophisticated sophisticated hypocritical plain sincere warmhearted zealous intense hospitable humaneTranscultural CommunicationCommunication culture misunderstanding barrier promote enhance exchange respectPublishingPress compile edit proofread publish stack volume dictionary subscribe issue hardcover paperback e-book editi on han dbook pirated catalogue table-of —ontents content flyleaf preface index introduction chapter author signatureLIVINGClothingCostume dress suit tuxedo jacket sweater sportswear vest shirt tie pant sock sneaker blouse skirt jumper jean underwear bikini gown robe lace cap hat scarf glove shabby gorgeous luxurious formfitting skintight corpulent layette mantle cloak hood shawl brief waistcoat slipper sandal trainer gumshoe high-heels loafer wellies boot dot stripe embroidery linen knitting knitwear tweed corduroy satin flannelHabitationProvince town county countryside capital metropolis shopping-centre downtown uptown district residential residential-area urban suburb outskirt slum village hamlet locality shelter house building skyscraper flat shed cabin hut refuge townhouse cell basement apartment villa tent castleHouse DecorationDecorate decoration ornament layout outline furniture heater ceiling skylight spacious capacious simple crude traditional classical modern fashionable stylish comfortable toilet lavatory washroom balcony transom windowsillHousewaresArmchair easy-chair stool footstool bench tea-table bookcase wardrobe built-in wardrobe bookshelf closet chest-of-drawers sofa screen fug carpet mattress quilt blanket tapestry sheet bedspread dressing-table bath-towel towel-rack sponge curtain shutter kettle cooker pressure-cooker ladle oven microwave toaster dishwasher air-condition air-conditioning electric electric-cooker electric-fan electric-iron chandelier pendant pendant-lamp fluorescent fluorescent-lamp reading-lamp desk-lamp bedside-lamp floor-lamp lampshade bulb bulb-holder switchsocket plug refrigerator television washer washing-machine flashlight vacuum vacuum-cleanerNutritionNutrition variety nourishment vitamin protein fiber dextrose amino-acid grain cereal vegetable vegetarian choosy tasteless nutrient balanced intake digest metabolism indigestion nourish absorbFood and DrinkBeef veal pork mutton lamb duck seafood shrimp crab bacon ham sausage frankfurter steak rib cream butter cheese snack junk-food biscuit hamburger toast cookie sandwich pizza spaghetti dessert pudding broth salad pepper vinegar spice seasoning stew appetite juice lemonade soda cocktail sherry champagneRestaurantRestaurant cafeteria dining-room flavor delicious spicy horrible terrible book reserve chef waitress waiter knife fork menu bill tip economicalShoppingSupermarket department department-store mall flea-market clerk sales-promotion discount reduction secondhand bargain stockBody-BuildingGymnasium coach equipment instruction aerobics aerobic oxygen endurance muscle tired message pant gasp physical stature bonny towel sweat membership fee shadowboxing kickboxing Yoga jog hikeVehicleVessel dugout rowboat canoe ferry ferryboat raft skiff steamer yacht motorboat lifeboat cabin stateroom tourist-class first-class first-class-cabin steerage freighter cargo-boat tanker patrol-boat frigate gunboat bus minibus coach texitexi-rank texi-stand taxicab trailer compact-car lorry wagon moped motorbike motorcycle ambulance jeep limousine roadster trolley tramcar streetcar undergroundtube subway conductor railway railroad express-train fast-train through-train stopping-train excursion-train commuter commuter-train suburban-train carriage sleeper berth bunk booking-office ticket-office ticket-collector platformplatform-ticket left-luggage-office terminal terminus car-attendant train-attendant rack transfer civil-aviation aircraft airplane airliner jet airline boarding-check airport air-terminal tarmac air-hostess stewardess stewardaircraft-crew pilot takeoffVoyageTourist journey route itinerary do-it-yourself independent guide travel-agent agency travel-agency guidebook transportation vehicle voyage destination sightsee sight scene scenery motel reservation passport expire luggage memento souvenirFamily RelationsFamily-tree generation lineage stock origin kin ancestry extraction descent noble-birth humble-birth next-to-kin forebear forefather affinity offspring descendantprogeny relative relation premarital cousin sibling rely newlywed bride bridegroom bridesmaid beatific harmony rapport reverent gracious venerate spoil cosset henpecked gentle gap illegitimate strict scold brutal tough separate divorce abandon adopt stepfather stepmother stepson orphan rejoinFriendship and LovePal colleague roommate fraternal neighborly reliable loyalty easygoing deceptive sociable gauche unfriendly eccentric betray cheat dump quarrel indifferent passive impassive nonchalant troublemaker odious censorious tolerate bighearted ingenuous amiable beneficent charm lovesick amorous passionate beloved pious pursue engage marry wedding church partner nullDiseasesAutism barrenness complication anemia amnesia allergy sleepwalking phobia tuberculosis rabies pinkeye sunstroke asthma tumor virus alcoholism pathology psychiatric venereal inflamed tumid turgid wan paralytic chronic acute communicable contagious remittent infectHeal therapy convalesce recuperate hospitalization medicate psychoanalyze antidote relapse exacerbate aggravate surgery specialist surgeon physician dentist oculist pediatric chemist dispenser matron remediable incurable curative analgesic antibacterial balm cure-all sanatorium scalpel sickbay ward sickbed medication remedy pill tablet capsule powder dose dosage aspirin tranquillizer laxative pain-killer antibiotic drug lotion tonic prescription pharmacy symptom generic-drug pharmaceutical herb injection cure treatment course alleviate soothe medical pharmacist side-effect potent effectiveBad HabitsInhale marijuana poppy addiction junkie stub tobacco cigarette ashtray drunkard inebriate libation bibulous alcohol liquor tipple toast refrain abstinenceteetotal temperance gamble gluttony oversleep vigil indulge abuse wallowSOCIAL ISSUESSocial configurationSlave slavery kingdom capitalist feudalism feudalist capitalism communism communistRaceRace racial ethnic racism segregation racialism genocidal minority ethnicity look-down-upon discriminate discrimination prejudice riot segregate isolation equal dark-skinned ghetto immigrantCrimeCrime commit delinquency sin offence kidnap abduct robbery blackmail extortion hijack murder assassinateviolence rape arson counterfeiting pirate computer-fraud smuggle smuggling traffic drug-trafficking swindle guilty criminal gangster blackguard ringleader polarization soar frustration desperation unemploymentProsecution accuse adjudicate convict deprive verdict evidence criminal-record intention motivation gang court judge jury trial justice judicial courtroom venue witness victim lawyer attorney defend sanction arrest illegal legitimateFeminismFeminism feminist equality opportunity campaign revolution sponsor involve approve decry criticizeATHLETIC SPORTSBall GamesTennis basketball volleyball badminton baseball soccer hockey golf bat rugby handball cricket ice-hockey football billiards bowls forecourt forehand ballplayer ballpark infield outfield backboard court goal goalpost judge goalkeeper fullback backfield forward centerTrack and FieldAthlete relay relay-race hurdling marathon sprint dash pole-vault gavelock race middle-distance-race cross-country-race hurdle the 400-meter-hurdle hurdler decathlon high-jump long-jump broad-jump triple-jump hop step-and-jump vault throwing shop putting-the-shot shot-put discus throwing-the-discus hammerthrowing-the-hammer javelin walk foot-raceOthersChampion skiing skating boxing jogging diving springboard gymnast gymnastics horizontal horizontal-bar parallel-bars ring trapeze side-horse pommel pommelled-horse weight-lifting wrestling Greece-roman-wrestling judo fencing winter-sports downhill-race slalom ski-jump ice-skating figure-skating figure-skating roller-skating。
托福听力之学科词汇
学科词汇汇总antibody 抗体toxin 毒素immunity 免疫immunology 免疫学vaccine 疫苗fungus 真菌bacteria 细菌fermentation 发酵inflection 传染/ 感染microorganism / microbe 微生物virus 病毒disfection 消毒sterilization 灭菌biology 生物学marine biology 海洋生物学entomology 昆虫学ornithology 鸟类学microbiology 微生物学genetics 遗传学speciology 物种学parasitology 寄生虫学paleontology 古生物学paleontologist 古生物学家dinosaur 恐龙die out / extinction 灭绝mammal 哺乳动物carnivore 食肉动物rodent 啮齿类动物underwater 水下的marine海洋的scuba水下呼吸器diving 潜水/ 跳水one-celled organism 单细胞有机体tissue（动植物细胞的）组织protective camouflage 保护色predator 捕猎者oceanic. 海洋的snail 蜗牛animal adaptation 动物适应性survival of the fittest 适者生存origin of species 物种起源wild environment 野生环境insecticide 杀虫剂prenatal care 产后护理habitat 栖息地tentacle 触须prey 捕食navigate 导航tiny receptor 接收器nerve / specimen 物种amphibian 两栖类动物decline in the number数量减少gene 基因genetic 基因的，遗传的endangered species 濒危动物survival 活着的transition 转变/过渡microbe 微生物yeast 酵母（菌）bacteria 细菌single-cell 单细胞reptile 爬行类动物hatch 孵化incubation 孵化nest 巢offspring 子孙chew up 咀嚼unfertilized eggs 未受精卵nutrient 营养品nourishment营养品/ 食物feed 喂养cannibalism 同类相食respiration 呼吸ingestion 摄食digestion 消化digestive enzyme 消化酶cell 细胞nucleus 细胞核cytoplasm 细胞质plasma lemma / cell membrane 细胞膜cell wall细胞壁protein 蛋白质amino acid 核酸plankton 浮游生物heredity 遗传mutation of species 物种变异chromosome 染色体genetic engineering 遗传工程solitary 独居social 群居bio-diversity 生物多样性metamorphosis 变态/变形mutation 变种variation 变异zoology 动物学Darwinism 达尔文学说natural selection 自然选择phylum 门class 纲order 目suborder亚目family 科genus 属species种invertebrate 无脊椎动物vertebrate 脊椎动物aquatic life 水生动物reptile 爬行动物amphibian/amphibious animal 两栖动物protozoa 原生动物rodent 啮齿动物ruminant 反刍动物parasitic animal 寄生动物primate 灵长动物plankton 浮游生物mollusk 软体动物coelenterate 腔肠动物（如水母、海蜇、珊瑚等）herbivore 食草动物mammal 哺乳动物homotherm 恒温动物cold-blooded animal 冷血动物poikilotherm 变温动物scavenger 食腐动物carnivorous 食肉的herbivorous 食草的omnivorous 杂食的bird 鸟类camouflage['kæmuflɑ:ʒ伪装hibernate 冬眠；蛰伏regeneration 再生predatory / carnivore食肉的predator 捕食者prey 捕食hordes/swarms（昆虫等）群flock（牛、羊等）群community 动物的群落或人的部落population 种群herd 兽群hygiene 卫生sanitation 公共卫生；卫生设施monogamous 一夫一妻的/一雌一雄的polygamous 一夫多妻的/一雄多雌的polyandrous 一妻多夫的/一雌多雄的nomadic 游牧的；流浪的trapper 诱捕动物者niche 小生态环境vestige退化器fertilizer 使受精metabolism 新陈代谢breed（名词）品种；（动词）繁殖multiply / reproduce 繁殖spawn（鱼、虾、蛙等）孵anatomy 解剖学appetite 食欲creature 生物scales 鳞feathers 羽毛armor 甲spinal cord 脊椎digestive system 消化系统excretory system 排泄系统reproductive system 生殖系统circulatory system 循环系统respiratory system呼吸系统hormonal system 内分泌系统digestive duct 消化管esophagus 食管stomach 胃small intestine小肠large intestine 大肠anus 肛门digestive gland 消化腺salivary gland唾液腺liver 肝gallbladder 胆pancreas 胰squirrel 松鼠marten 貂bat 蝙蝠squeak（老鼠等）吱吱otter 水獭antelope 羚羊gorilla 大猩猩chimpanzee 黑猩猩baboon 狒狒hyena 鬣狗moose 驼鹿beaver 海狸elk 麋鹿reindeer 驯鹿giraffe 长颈鹿rhinoceros 犀牛hippo 河马sloth 树懒slothful 懒惰的frog 青蛙tadpole 蝌蚪salamander 蝾螈scorpion蝎子turtle 龟lizard 蜥蜴chameleon 变色龙alligator/ cayman / crocodile 鳄鱼centipede 蜈蚣robin 知更鸟owl 猫头鹰barnacle 北极鹅penguin 企鹅canary 金丝雀chirp（鸟、虫的叫声）vulture 秃鹫crane 鹤stork鹳ptarmigan 雷鸟migrate 迁移plumage 羽体camouflage 伪装wing 翅膀bill 鸟嘴beak（鹰等的）嘴insect昆虫:wasp 黄蜂hornet 大黄蜂spider 蜘蛛pest 害虫worm 虫/蠕虫cicada 蝉mantis 螳螂cockroach 蟑螂earthworm 蚯蚓antenna / tentacle 触须larva 幼虫jellyfish 水母nettle fish 海蜇coral 珊瑚dolphin 海豚whale 鲸鱼shrimp 小虾prawn 对虾lobster 龙虾crab螃蟹mussel 贻贝；蚌类clam 蛤蜊oyster 牡蛎sponge 海绵starfish 海星squid 鱿鱼；乌贼burro / octopus章鱼sole 鳎；鳎目鱼plaice 鲽，红斑比目鱼botany 植物学botanical / botanic 植物学的horticulture 园艺学aquatic plant 水生植物parasite plant寄生植物root 根canopy 树冠层/顶棚foliage / leaf 叶leaflet 小叶rosette（叶的）丛生stem 茎stalk 杆leafstalk 叶柄shoot / sprout 嫩芽/抽枝flower 花bud 花蕾petal 花瓣peel / skin 果皮shell（硬）果壳husk（干）果壳/（玉米）苞叶trunk 树干bark 树皮branch 树枝bough 大或者粗的树枝twig 小树枝jungle丛林lawn 草坪meadow 草地/牧场prairie 大草原mosses 苔藓shrub / bush 灌木cluster 一簇（灌木）fern 蕨类植物horsetails 木贼类植物club mosses 石松类植物herb 草photosynthesis光合作用chlorophyll 叶绿素symbiosis 共生symbiotic 共生的wither / shrivel / fade 凋谢blossom 花pollen 花粉pollinate 传授花粉petal 花瓣nectar 花蜜tissue 组织organ 器官system 系统seeds种子everlasting永久的crossbreed 杂交root pressure 根压bore 腔/肠cohesion-tension 凝聚压力column 花柱necrosis 坏死barren 贫瘠的；不生育的futile 无用的carbohydrate (starch) 碳水化合物（淀粉）glucose 葡萄糖starch 淀粉fat 脂肪protein 蛋白质vitamin 维他命malnourished 营养不良的nutrition 营养perennial 多年一生的annual 一年一生的verdant 绿油油的，嫩绿的，翠绿的evergreen 常青树conifer tree针叶树larch 落叶松pine 松树spruce 云杉juniper 刺柏；杜松sequoia 红杉elm 榆树walnut 核桃树redwood 红木树plum blossom 梅花orchid 兰花chrysanthemum 菊花water lily 荷花/莲花rhododendron杜鹃花rose 玫瑰carnation 康乃馨lily 百合jasmine 茉莉花helianthus / heliotrope / sunflower 向日葵camellia 茶花corn / maize / mealie 玉米pumpkin 南瓜tomato 番茄lettuce 莴苣cabbage 卷心菜wheat 小麦rye 黑麦barley 大麦oats 燕麦meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家meteorological station 气象站forecast / predict 预报climate 气候atmosphere 大气层troposphere 对流层stratosphere 平流层mesosphere 中间层ionosphere 电离层exosphere 逸散层cold front 冷锋warm air mass 热气团current（气）流moisture 潮湿，水气spell某种天气持续一段时间vapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp / moist / humid 潮湿humidity 湿度moisture 潮湿/ 水分saturate 饱和dew 露frost霜fog / mist 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水condense 浓缩crystal水晶体sheet（水、冰、雪的）一层downpour / torrential rain 大雨tempest (storm) / torrential rain 暴风雨drizzle 细雨shower 阵雨hail 冰雹blizzard / snowstorm 暴风雪avalanche / snow slide 雪崩precipitation（雨、露、雪等）降水thunder 雷breeze 微风sandstorm 沙暴monsoon 季风gale 大风whirlwind 旋风typhoon 台风hurricane 飓风tornado / twister / cyclone 龙卷风wind scale 风级tsunami / seismic sea wave 海啸tidal wave 潮汐；浪潮upper atmosphere 上层大气funnel 漏斗云disaster / calamity /catastrophe 灾难devastation 破坏submerge 淹没drought 旱灾convection 对流wind velocity 风速wind direction 风向long-range forecast 长期预报numerical weather prediction 数值天气预报nephanalysis 云层分析；卫星云图crust 地壳mantle 地幔core 地核continental crust大陆地壳oceanic crust 海洋地壳layer / stratum 地层stratigraphy 地层学fault 断层fault plane 断层面fault zone 断层带rift / crack / split 断裂disintegration /decomposition 分解erosion 腐蚀fossil 化石igneous rock 火成岩sedimentary rock 沉积岩metamorphic rock 变质岩limestone 石灰岩granite 花岗岩marble 大理石lithosphere 岩石圈magma / molten lava 岩浆quartz 石英mineral 矿物ore 矿石deposit 矿床rubble 碎石debris 残骸platinum 白金/ 铂金silver 银copper 黄铜aluminum 铝tin 锡lead 铅zinc 锌nickel 镍mercury 汞/水银sodium 钠gem 宝石diamond钻石emerald 绿宝石ruby 红宝石glacier 冰川glacial 冰川的glacial epoch / age / period 冰川期glacial drift 冰渍moraines 冰碛iceberg 冰山volcano 火山active volcano 活火山extinct volcano 死火山dormant volcano 休眠火山(sloping) shield volcano 盾状火山（平缓）(steep-sided) cone volcano 锥状火山（陡峭）eruption 火山喷发crater 火山口caldera （开口较大的）火山口depression 洼地，凹陷处；盆地lava 火山岩浆volcanic dust 火山尘volcanic ash 火山灰geyser 间歇喷泉hot spring 温泉earthquake / quake / tremor / seism 地震seismic 地震的seismology 地震学magnitude 震级seismic intensity scale 震烈度seismic wave 地震波transverse wave 横波longitudinal wave 纵波epicenter 震中epicentral distance 震中距aftershock 余震cataclysm 灾变tsunami / tidal / force 海啸undersea landslide海底山崩melt global warming 全球逐渐变暖aquifer 蓄水层swamp 沼泽peat bog 泥炭沼泽Great Canyon 大峡谷Nile River 尼罗河Colorado river 科罗拉多河crumples zones 地质缓冲地带bedrock 岩床bulge 凸起物archaeology 考古学paleontology 古生物学anthropology 人类学archaeologist 人类学家pale-anthropologist古人类学家ecological anthropologist 生态人类学家psychological anthropologist 心理人类学家originate起源于ancestor 祖先hominid 人（科）homogeneous 同以种族（种类）的tribe 部落clan 氏族excavation 挖掘excavate / unearth 挖掘ruins 遗迹/废墟remains 遗产/遗骸artifact 手工艺品relic 遗物/文物antique 古物/古董antiquity 古代/古老Stone Age 石器时代Bronze Age 青铜器时代Iron Age 铁器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代的Mesolithic 中石器时代的Neolithic 新石器时代的morphology 形态学skull 颅骨cranial 颅骨的fossil 化石ancient civilization 古代文明cave man 山顶洞人cultural relics 文物rock painting 岩画hemisphere 半球meridian 子午线/ 经线parallel 平行圈latitude 纬线longitude 经线/ 经度elevation 海拔altitude 高度/ 海拔horizon 地平线equator 赤道temperature latitudes 温带地区tropics 热带地区Arctic / the North Pole 北极Antarctic / Antarctica 南极the Antarctic Continent南极洲the Antarctic Circle南极圈the Arctic Circle 北极圈aurora 极光tropics of Cancer 北回归线tropics of Capricorn 南回归线international date line 国际日期变更线time difference 时差time zone 时区topography 地形/ 地形学plain 平原plateau / highland 高地lowland 低地basin 盆地oasis 绿洲enclave 飞地peak 山峰cordillera /ranges 山脉carven / cave 洞穴terrain 地域subterranean 地底下coastland 沿海地区coastline 海岸线watershed 分水岭upper reaches 上游lower reaches 下游tributary 支流deposit 沉积spring / fountain 泉水iceberg 冰山riverbed 河床gulf / bay 海湾waterfall 瀑布cascade 小瀑布；喷流reef 暗礁tide 湖水torrent水的急流tropical rain forest 热带雨林continental island 大陆岛volcanic island 火山岛coral island 珊瑚岛islet 小岛peninsular 半岛archipelago 群岛delta 三角洲landlocked area 内陆inland waterway 内陆河subcontinent次大陆cliff 山崖valley 山谷hillside / mountain slope 山坡continental shelf 大陆架canyon / gorge 峡谷channel / strait 海峡remote-sensing 遥感的terrestrial 地球的/ 陆地的terrestrial heat / geothermal 地热terrestrial magnetism 地磁continental drift 大陆漂移学sea-floor spreading 海床扩展evaporation 蒸发salinity 含盐度ocean bottom 海床sediment 沉积物tropical 热带的temperate温带的frigid 寒带的frost heaving 冻胀现象tundra 苔原，冻原fieldstone 卵石the Mediterranean Sea 地中海the primeval forest 原始森林Scandinavia 斯堪的纳维亚(半岛)(瑞典、挪威、丹麦、冰岛的泛称)Fjord [fjɔ:d]峡湾coral reef 珊瑚礁Chalk 白垩纪cataclysm 大洪水ridge 山脊；分水岭abyss 深渊territory 版图；领土地域Pyrenees 比利牛斯山脉Carpathians 喀尔巴阡山脉Vesuvius 维苏威火山Pompeii 庞贝precipice悬崖eon 世；纪；代glacier 冰河Pangaea 盘古大陆dune 沙丘Lagoon 咸水湖astronomy 天文学astronomical observatory 天文台planetarium 天文馆astrophysics 天文物理学astrology 占星学pseudoscience 伪科学cosmos / universe 宇宙cosmology 宇宙infinite 无限的cosmic宇宙的cosmic radiation 宇宙辐射cosmic rays 宇宙射线celestial 天体的celestial body / heavenly body天体celestial map / sky atlas 天体图celestial sphere 天球dwarf / dwarf star 矮星quasar 类星体constellation 星座galaxy / Milky Way 银河系star cluster 星团asterism 星群solar system 太阳系solar corona 日冕solar eclipse 日食solar radiation 太阳辐射planet 行星planetoid / asteroid小行星revolve 旋转twinkle 闪烁naked eye 肉眼Mercury 水星Venus 金星Earth 地球Mars 火星Jupiter 木星Saturn 土星Uranus 天王星Neptune 海王星Pluto 冥王星orbit 轨道spin 旋转satellite卫星lunar 月球的meteor流星meteor shower 流星雨star 恒星meteoroid 流星体meteorite 陨石comet 彗星space / outer space 太空，外层空间spacecraft / spaceship 宇宙飞船space shuttle 航天飞机space telescope 空间望远镜astronaut / spaceman 宇航员space suit 宇航服stellar 恒星的intergalactic 星系间的interstellar 恒星间的interplanetary 行星间的asteroid 小行星nebula 星云space debris太空垃圾ammonia 氨photosphere光球；光球层chromospheres 色球；色球层日冕层sunspot 太阳黑子（发生在光球层）flare 耀斑（发生在色球层）solar prominence 日珥（发生在色球层）convection zone 对流层vacuum 真空infrared ray 红外线absolute magnitude 绝对量级emission 发射/散发high-resolution 高清晰度interferometer 干扰仪，干涉仪illusive object 幻影体faint 微弱的image影像gravitational force 吸引力molten 融化的leap year闰年rotation 自传revolution 公转black hole 黑洞ultraviolet ray 紫外线luminosity 光度light year 光年ecology 生态学ecosystem 生态系统balance of nature 自然界生态平衡fauna 动物群flora 植物群rain forest 雨林food chain 食物链acid rain 酸雨greenhouse 温室效应infrared radiation 红外线辐射ozone layer / ozonosphere 臭氧层ultraviolet radiation 紫外辐射pollution control 污染控制air pollution 空气控制water pollution 水污染noxious / toxic 有毒的fumes（有毒的）废气waste 废物solid waste 固体废物sewage / wastewater 污水sewage purification 污水净化swage disposal 污水处理decibel（噪音）分贝fossil fuel 矿物燃料process of photo synthesis 光合作用solar energy 太阳能nonrenewable 不可再生的energy conservation 保护能源resource 资源energy source 能源资源tidal energy潮汐能fuel-efficient 节能型的rush hour 高峰期zero emission 零辐射wildness 野生/天然preservation 保护atmosphere 大气carbon 碳dioxide 二氧化物burning of coal and oil 煤油燃烧global warming 全球变暖greenhouse effect温室效应rise in sea level 海平面上升long-term climatic change 长期的气候变化environmental recycling center 再循环利用中心litter/trash garbage 垃圾pollutant 污染物desertification 沙漠化deforest 滥伐森林drought 干旱water shortage 水源缺乏offshore spillage 近海岸溢出carbon dioxide release 二氧化碳排放industrial sewage 工业污水recycling 再循环purify 净化deteriorate 恶化acid rain 酸雨sewage disposal 污水处理environment protection 环境保护ozone layer 臭氧层waste disposal 废物处理emission（汽车废气的）排放soot 烟尘ElNiño 厄尔尼诺现象artist 艺术家choreographer 舞蹈编排家critic 批评家satirist 讽刺作家inventor 发明家biographer 自传作家sculptor 雕塑家feminist 女权主义者humanitarian 人道主义者imagist 意象派诗人philanthropist 慈善家proprietor 业主mortal 犯人precursor 先驱figurehead 名誉领袖disciple 学徒apprentice 学徒mechanic 机械工minimalist 简单抽象派艺术家avant-garde 前卫派territory 领域genre 风格/体裁eccentric古怪的odd 怪诞的/奇数的erratic 奇怪的weird 怪异的/不可思议的romantic 浪漫的innocent 天真的/无罪的lovelorn 相思病苦的emotional 情绪的/情感的sentimental 感伤的/多愁善感的cheerless 无精打采的/无生命力的patriarchal家长的/ 族长的rigid 僵化的spare 简朴的clumsy 笨拙的zigzag 曲折的contemporary 当代的acclaimed 受欢迎的preeminent 杰出的versatile（人）多才多艺的/（物）多功能的household 家庭的/家喻户晓的genuine 真正的authentic 逼真的/原汁原味的symbolic 象征性的immortal不朽的/神nostalgia 怀旧主义/思乡emotive 感人的prodigious 巨大的classic 经典的posthumous 死后的文学pose 散文diary 日记autobiography 传记editorial 社论narrative prose 叙述性descriptive prose描写性essay 随笔poetry诗歌ballad 民谣lullaby 催眠曲fiction 小说allegory 寓言fairy tale 童话legend 传说proverb 谚语model 人物原型leading character 主人公main plot 主要情节prelude 序曲prologue 序言epilogue 尾声literary criticism 文学批评literary studies 文学研究schools of literature 文学流派comparative literature 比较文学realism 现实主义surrealism 超现实主义aestheticism 唯美主义音乐musical instrument 乐器orchestra（管弦）乐队shook rattle 摇拨浪鼓pound dru 击鼓foot beat 跺脚note音符score 乐谱movement 乐章fanatical狂热的hillbilly music 乡村音乐folk music 民间音乐pop music 流行音乐classical music 古典音乐Jazz 爵士乐symphony 交响乐rock and roll 摇滚乐band music/ wind music 管乐string 弦乐violin 小提琴viola 中提琴cello 大提琴harp 竖琴horn 号；喇叭clarinet单簧管oboe 双簧管keyboard instrument 键盘乐器percussion 震荡/打击乐器vocal music 声乐concerto 协奏曲sonata 奏鸣曲serenade 小夜曲solo 独奏/ 独唱duet 二重唱conducting 指挥podium 指挥台accompaniment 伴奏quality 音质volume 音量chord 和弦harmony 和声rest 休止time 节拍lullaby 催眠曲prelude 序曲epilogue 尾声政治经济subsistence 存活，生活subsistence wage 刚够养家糊口的工资subsistence level 收支平衡的生活水平kinship 亲属关系，血缘关系commodity 商品check 支票；收据；账单bank loan 银行贷款interest 利息withdraw 从银行账户中提款honor (a cheque/bill/draft)承兑a run on a bank 挤兑the Great Depression大萧条consumerism 消费主义（认为高消费对个人和社会有利的看法）；保护消费者权益主义affluence富裕，富足sophisticated 世故的，老练的；复杂的，尖端的建筑architecture 建筑学architect 建筑学家construct 结构wing 辐楼/ 侧楼design 设计elevator 电梯skyscraper 摩天大楼design element 设计元素log structure 原木结构cabin 小木屋beam 梁prototype 原型building technique 建筑工艺new material 新材料metal-frame 金属结构repair person 修理工planetarium 天文馆aquarium 水族馆archives 档案馆office building 写字楼cathedral 大教堂mosque 清真寺the statue of liberty 自由女神像the triumphal arch 凯旋门sphinx 狮身人面像pyramid 金字塔美术fine arts 美术oil painting 油画water color 水彩画tempera 蛋彩画sketch 速写/素描pastel 彩色蜡笔画poster 海报/招贴画charcoal drawing 木炭画mural painting / fresco 壁画engraving 版画lithograph 石板画landscape painting 风景画still life 静物画portrait 肖像画caricature 漫画pigment 颜色，色素canvas油画布brush 画笔drawing board 画板perspective 透视画法original原作copy 临本reproduction / replica复制品genuine 真的fake 假的gallery 美术馆autograph 真迹panorama 全景画calligraphy 书法paste 裱糊impressionistic style 印象派风格framing 装框sculptor 雕塑家figurine 小雕像bust半身雕塑像animator 漫画家saxophonist萨克斯风管吹奏者indigo 靛蓝。
完整版托福听力分类词汇完整版
新托福IBT听力场景入学：en rollme nt登记,注册opening ceremony n开业典礼,仪式comme nceme nt ceremony 毕业典礼con vocation n正式会议（可指简单的毕业典礼）orie ntatio n meet ing 开学说明会staff n.全体职员freshman （大学）一年级学生sophomore （大学）二年级学生junior （大学）三年级学生senior （大学）四年级学生tuiti on, fee 费用pl aceme nt test 开学测试excellent出色的average平均的，一般的below average低于平均水平的，差的结构及称谓：uni versity- p reside nt 大学，校长cha ncellor名誉校长college 学院school学院dea n院长principal中学校长pro fessor教授associate pro fessor副教授assista nt pro fessor 助理教授coordi nator班主任，协调人coun selor辅导员advisor指导老师in structor 讲师tutor个人辅导sup ervisor 管理人un dergraduate 本科graduate研究生建筑物buildings: can tee n餐厅cafeteria.自助餐厅adm ini strati on build ing 行政大楼main building 主楼wing/annex 酉己楼teaching building 教学楼dormitory n.宿舍auditorium n.会堂,礼堂=lecture hall assembly n集合，集会hall com puter lab计算实验室，机房dining hall 食堂选课学科major主修mi nor畐J修scie nee 理科,arts 文科,engin eeri ng 工科Mathematics 数学p hysics 物理chemistry化学biology生物学geogra phy 地理学electr onics 电子学compu ter scie nee计算机科学astro nomy天文学electr onics engin eeri ng 电子工程学bota ny植物学p sychology 心理学zoology动物学architecture 建筑学ocea nography 海洋学ecology生态学medical scie nee 医学archaeology 考古学history历史学linguistics 语言学pedagogies教育学，教学法anthropo logy 人类学econo mics经济学statistics 统计学acco un ti ng 会计学philosophy 哲学类型required、compu Isory course 必修课selective/op ti onal course选修课elective course 选修课lecture 讲座semi nar高级研讨性课colloquium n.报告课tutorial个人辅导课程worksho p 专题课程级别In troductory 入门级eleme ntary, fun dame ntal 初级In termediate, sec on dary 中级Adva need 高级P rerequisite先修课程上课：Atte nd class 上课Miss class 缺课Skip class 逃课Syllabus教学大纲Required textbook 要求的课本Atte nda nee 出勤Gradi ng system 打分体系Class p artic ip ati on 课堂参与杂semester/term 学期quarter 小学期course guideli ne 课程纲要major主修mi nor畐J 修exe mp tio n 免修syllabus教学大纲Professor ' s signat教授的签字（用于注册课程）Course cap课程容量（可以招收的学生数），openings （可供注册的名额）Take选（课）,drop 退（课）Late registrati on 晚注册Deregistrati on 注销教师称号pro fessor 教授lecturer = in structor 讲师teach ing assista nt = TA 助教research assista nt = RA助研coun selor, adviser 咨询者，顾问p reside nt大学校长teacher/faculty 教师stude nt's advisor 学生顾问physicist物理学家mathematicia n 数学家chemist化学家historia n历史学家statisticia n统计学家作业：assig nment 作业homework = coursework = schoolwork =studies 作业lab rep ort实验报告book report读书报告p roject 作业p rese ntati on 发言term paper 学期论文（research pape）thesis/essay/dissertation 论文journal学术期刊social in vestigati on 社会调查survey调查questionnaire n调查表,问卷observatio n n 观察in terview vt .n.采访collect data收集数据broad （论文等）内容宽泛narrow dow n （论文等）缩小范围source （写论文的）参考资料critical thinking 评判性思维lack your own ideas缺少自己的想法deadl ine n最终期限exte nsion 延期due date/time 期限outline n.大纲，提纲（roadmap） bibliography n 书目,参考书目refere nee 参考p lagiarism n.抄袭revise v.修改rewrite v.重写final draft 完成稿sp eech n演讲p rese ntati on 演讲，陈述eye con tact目光接触inton ati on 音调考试：mid-term exam 期中考final exams = fin als 期末考cumulative final总结性考试take-home exam （拿回家的开卷考试, 一般有限定的时间）open-book exam 开卷考试subjective test主观性测试objective test客观性测试pop quiz抽查式测验blue book答题本assessme nt i估价app raisal n评价,估价make up for 补考, resit, retake 重考grade （mark、score）分数成绩：p erfect grade优异成绩low grade 低分high mark 高分p ass ing grade 及格分faili ng grade不及格分full marks 满分straight A's 全 A be all A's and B's 全是 A 和 B B plus B力卩A mi nus A 减pass the iexam with flying colors 以优异成绩通过考试graduate with honors 以荣誉毕业diploma, degree, certificate 文凭，学位，证书考试问题：分析成绩低的原因，给出解决办法图书馆：library图书馆librarian图书管理员publication 出版物p eriodical 期干刊magaz ine 杂志book catalogue 图书目录classified catalogue 分类目录bibliography参考书目title index 书目索引alphabetic index按字母顺序排列的索引circulatio n desk 借书处reserved books馆藏书（只能在图书馆内借阅）library card 借书证overdue fine过期罚金P eriodical reading room 期刊阅览室on li ne journal在线期干刊video tape录像带back issue过期杂志curre nt issue近期杂志archive 档案non-fiction非小说类文学作品scie nce-ficti on 科幻小说cop ier复印机check out办理（借、还）手续renew续借overdue 过期in terlibrary service 馆际服务部分名称in formatio n desk n.服务台delivery/circulati on desk 借书台shelf n.书架p hotoc opy room 复印室return area 还书处stude nts locker学生存储间refere nee secti on 参考书咅 E 科研过程Hypo thesisAlter native hypo thesis 择一假说Null hypothesis 无效假说,零假说Collect dataSurvey, questi onn aireExp erime ntIn terfere, i nflue neeObservati onAn alyze dataIn terpret dataAn alysisAn alyticalSubjectSamp le Treatme nt group Non-treatme ntCon trol group校内工作，课外活动及寻找经济援助：Letter of refere nce/recomme ndati onComp etitiveBen efit future careerField researchCollect data for papersWaiter, waitress BabysitterWork at the libraryQualification 资格，qualified 合格的Resume, CVfinancial aid经济援助Scholarsh ip Fellowshi pTeach ing assista ntsh ip 助教奖学金Research assista ntship研究奖学金Grant助学金Loa n贷款Need-based以需求为基础Merit-based以优秀为基础Stude nt union 学生会Clubs俱乐部Membersh ip成员资格Career service住宿：宿舍：accommodati on n住处,膳宿reside nee hal I 宿舍suite套间studio工作室，独立套间village村落（校内一栋一栋的房子, 可以用做宿舍）lounge n公共大厅（可以用做娱乐）home-stay在国外住在房东家里的那种roommate同屋者，室友corridor n.走廊，过道，租房lease n租借,租约Ian dlord 房东Ian dlady女房东rent租金tenant房客p atio n.阳台，slid ing door n.推拉门sin gle room 单人房twin room双人房two-bedroom ap artme nt house key房锁匙床上用品：pillow n.枕头bed linen n.床上用品sheet n.被单mattress n床垫bla nket n 毯子towel n.手巾,毛巾quilt n.棉被电器类electric app lia nce(i nstrume nt; equipment)电器heater, furn ace力卩热器，炉子heati ng unit 暖气片air conditioner 空调设备stove炉子microwave ove n 微波炉washer / dryer洗衣机/烘干机 (laundry洗衣店)ute nsil器皿；用具kitche n ute nsil 炊具ove n烤箱；烤炉range煤气灶dishwasher 洗碟机wash ing mach ine 洗衣机(hot-water) heater 热水器coffee pot咖啡壶refrigerator (freezer)冰箱vacuum clea ner 吸尘器tape p layer 录音机CD player CD 机Laundromat自动洗衣店maintenance维修，保养家具类furniture 家具bookshelf 书架bookcase 书柜couch沙发chest柜子；橱；箱子dresser (bureau)梳妆台cabinet (电视机等)机箱；储藏柜；陈列柜cup board (closet)碗橱storage wall 壁橱rug小地毯carpet地毯curta in窗帘bathtub 浴缸fixture (房屋)固定装置furni shi ngs 室内陈设日常生活/问题：personalpo ssessi ons/prop erty/bel ongings个人财产get in sura nee forpo ssessi ons/prop erty/bel ongsgarbage/rubbish/waste r垃圾dis pose v.处理gas meter煤气表insect n.昆虫burglar n.夜贼leak in g/leakage n.泄漏lost key丢钥匙break in 闯入讲座场景词汇Geology地质学Slide n.滑坡Lan dslide n山体滑坡Mud 泥土，soil 土壤Earth n. 土Sink V.下沉Ground water 地下水Irrigation n.灌溉Freeze, froze, froze n v冷冻Melt V.融化moltenGravity n.重心Aggravate v.加重Lean v倾斜Slo pe n斜坡Steep adj陡峭Erode v., erosi on n 腐蚀Fossil n.化石Dino saur n.恐龙Sedime nt, dep osit 沉淀物Marble大理石gran ite花岗岩Ore矿石Stalactite 钟乳石Refine v.提炼PI ati num v.铂金Seismology 地震学Vibrati on, tremor,震动Wave波动Volca no, volca nic 火山，火山的Volca nic erup tio n 火山喷发Mag ni tude 级数Collisi on n.碰撞Active adj.积极的Dorma nt adj.休眠的Extinct adj.熄灭的Magma n岩浆Lava n.岩浆Erup t v.喷发expl ode v.爆炸(ex pl osi on) boom n爆炸Blast n爆炸Avala nche n 雪崩地球科学Earth'si nterior地球的内部Seismic waves 地震波Comp ressi on 压缩Shear ( a deformation of an object in which parallel planes rema in p arallel but are shifted in a direct ion p arallel to themselves) Slow down减慢速度Reflect 反射Depth深度Density 密度Boun dary 边界Mantle地幔Crust地壳Core地心Continen tal plate 大陆板块Tectonic plate（地球表面的）构造板块Continental drift 大陆漂移Layer, strata 层Stratify 分层Crack裂缝Molten lava融化的岩浆Climatic shift=Climatic cha nges 气候变化Consistent pattern 统一的，始终一致的Solar en ergy 太阳能Radiate发射，放射Crude app roximatio n 大概的猜测Sp eculation 猜测Cooling down 冷去卩Mecha nism 机制9 Len gth of the day Physical force 体力Imaginary line 虚拟线Artificial reservoir 人工水库Latitude Redistribute再分配，再分布Spin快速旋转Min erals矿物质Diverse多样的Sp ecimen, Sam pie 样品Abu nda nt丰富的Glassy像玻璃的Amaz on stones 天河石Firing vapor炙热的水蒸汽Wipe out根除，彻底消灭Mt Everest珠穆朗玛峰Elevation 海拔，海拔增高P recise measuremen精确personal的测量Global Po siti oning System 全球定位系统Lon gitude 经度Latitude 维度Alter native sources of en ergy 可替代资源Gas hydrate气体水合物Trap困住Flame火焰P ote ntial潜在的Model模式Geological fault 地质断层Crack裂缝seismic gap地震活动空白地带p ostulate 假设chu nk大块cylinder 圆柱cylindrical圆柱形的ground tilt measureme nt 地倾斜观测evacuate 撤出sedimentary adj.沉淀性的accumulate 积累商业In sura nee 保险Note注意Con tract 合约Verbal agreeme nt 口头协议Repay偿还In terest 利息Mercha nt 商人Cautious谨慎的P aram ount极为重要的Manufacture 制造Label标签Conten tio n所持观点Inform告知Cost成本Profit利润loss损失Net净的，gross粗略的Supply and dema nd供求Supply chain 供应链Fluctuati on 浮动Recessi on 衰退Dep ressi on 萧条Market ing strategies 市场营销策略Survey调查Surplus 剩余Shi pment 运输Distribution 分布Retail零售Whole sale 批发Franchise特许经营Budget预算哲学Socrates, P lato and AristotleTheme主题Logic逻辑Rhetoric 修辞Fun dame ntal causes基本原因Prin ci pies of the uni verse 宇宙的原则Perceive看待，观察P erce pti on 观点Sense感觉Soul 灵魂spiritEleme nt组成成分Reas oning 推理Ration理性,rational有理性的Contemp lati on 沉思，思考Judgme nt 判断Just公正的，justice公正Justify证明，justification合理的理由Exp licit明确的Ethics道德规范Ethical theory 伦理理论Moral有道德的Ultimate truth 终极真理Uni versal普遍的Search for truth 追求真理Vary v.不相同Intrinsic内部的Extrinsic外部的Critic评论家Old-fashio ned 过时的Valuable有价值的Survive生存，存活Con servative 保守的Liberal开放的Impractical不实际的Empirical经验主义的Cog nitive认知的Weaken削弱Dimi nish (影响力)减小Medieval中世纪Ren aissa nee文艺复兴Doctrine教义，主义，学说Idealism唯心论，理想主义Ep istemology n.认识论Meta physics形而上学,玄学Reco ncile和解,调停天文学astronomy con stellati on 星座zodiac (星象学的星座) planet行星sun恒星Jup iter 木星Pluto冥王星Satur n 土星Mercury 水星Mars火星Venus金星Nep tu ne海王星Uranus天王星Ceres 谷物星(the largest asteroid and the first discovered)White dwarf 白矮星Big Dipper北斗七星Asteroid belt小行星带Milky Way银河系Galaxy n.星系orbit v.运行n.轨道rotate v.转Axis n.轴track n.轨道outer sp ace外太空gravity n.重力equator n 赤道tropical热带的bright ness n 亮度dime nsion n.维度dista nee n.距巨离Ecli pse (日月食) Wane, dimi nish v.逐渐变小Centrip etal 向心Centrifugal 离心Nebula星云(an immense cloud of gas (mainly hydrogen) and dust inin terstellar space) Nebulous adj.星云的Gas 气体(rock, ice, hydrogen, oxygen) P article 微粒Polar light 极光Observatory 天文台Astro nomical 天文的Photos phere 光球层Astro physics天文物理学Plan etarium 天文馆Big Dipper北斗七星P la netoid小行星Black hole 黑洞Polestar北极星Celestial天体的P seudoscie nee 伪科学Celestial map 天体图Quasar类星体Cen trifugal force 离心力Radiation 辐射Cho ndrite球粒状陨石Revoluti on 旋转Chromos phere太阳的色球层Rotati on 旋转Clockwise顺时针Satellite 卫星Cluster星团，一群星星Sky atlas天体图Comet彗星Solar corona 日冕Cosmos 宇宙, Space debris太空垃圾cosmetic宇宙的Sp ace shuttle太空飞船Cosmology宇宙学Space suit太空服Emission排放物，发射Spin快速旋转Fai nt微弱的Star cluster星群，星团Feeble微弱的Stellar 星星的Gaseous bodies 气态包Sunspot太阳黑子Gravitational force 吸弓丨力Time differe nee 时差Gree nwich mea n time 格林尼治时间Time zone 时区High resolution 高清晰度etc.) Ignite引燃表演艺术（舞蹈，电影，「Illusive object 幻影物体Genre艺术分类Image影响，形象P erformi ng art 表演艺术Infinite无限的moder n dance p iece现代舞In frared ray红外射线concert音乐会In terferometer 干扰仪play 剧In tergalactic 星系间的opera歌居寸In ternatio nal date line国际日期变更线film电影Interplan etary 星球间的camera摄影In terstellar 星际的camera shotLea p year 闰年an alytical 分析的Light year 光年parallel平行的Luminosity 光亮度ballet巴雷舞Lunar阴历的，月亮的choreogra pher 舞蹈指导Massive巨大的Fin e/visual arts 视觉艺术Meteor流星Abstract art抽象艺术Meteor shower 流星雨Ian dsca pe 风景Meteorite 陨石p hotogra phy 摄影Meteoroid流星体exp osure 曝光Molten融化的develop film冲洗胶卷Naked eye 裸眼n egative n.底片p ortrait (p ortray v.)肖像,人像、still life 静物scu Ip ture 雕塑statue人物雕像lifelike 逼真的vivid an them 国歌Critic评论家Criticism批评，评论Review n.评论Master piece 杰作Have aesthetic value 有美学价值Aesthetic app eal 美学吸弓I力Feature 特点Characteristics 特点Dist inct adj.与众不同的Un ique独一无二的Style风格Tech nique 技巧Gallery n.画馆Editi on n.专辑Release v.发行Debut n首映Imp ressi onist印象主义者Imp ressi onism 印象派Persp ective 透视法An gle角度P ress/Publish ing house出版社Acclaim v.盛赞mirage 海市蜃楼prolific 多产P reserve v.保存Ext inct adj.灭绝的，消失的文学Literature 文学Poetry诗歌biogra phy 传记autobiogra phy 自传detective stories 侦探小说drama戏剧novel小说Novelist小说家collecti on of short stories 短篇小说集Allegory 寓言Comp arative literature 比较文学Diary 日记Editorial社论，重要评论Fiction 小说Aestheticism 唯美Autobiography 自传Descri ptive p rose 描述散文Fairy tale 童话Futurism未来派Lege nd传说Literary studies 文学研究Narrative p rose 叙述性散文Podium讲台Prose散文Realism现实主义School of literature 文学派别Lead ing character 主要角色Literary criticism 文学评论Literary studies 文学学习Modernism 现代主义Plot情节Poetry诗歌P rologue 前言P roverb 谚语Surrealism超现实主义美术Art gallery 艺廊Calligraphy 书法Imitating 模仿Lan dsca pe pain ti ng 风景画Oil painting 油画Paste粘贴Crayon蜡笔，粉笔，颜料P igme ntatio n 颜料Canvas帆布Wax蜡Sp ectrum 光谱Pers pective透视画法Poster海报Portrait 肖像Model模式，模特mural 壁画Panorama全景Pastel drawi ng 蜡笔画Sketch草图Autogra ph 手稿建筑Architecture 建筑学Architect建筑师Architectural style 建筑风格Art deco装饰艺术Art moder neGeometric p atter ns 几何图形Arch拱门Castle城堡Cathedral大教堂Framing 结构Lobby n.大厅(entrance hall)Elevator n.电梯Facade n.正面Stairs楼梯Interior内部的Exterior外部的Imp ressi oni stic style 印象派风格Mosque清真寺Pyramid金字塔Revival 复活Ren aissa nee文艺复兴Medieval中世纪Byzantine architecture 527 (Sofia)-1520音乐Acco mpaniment 伴奏Audition试听，试表演Band music 乐队音乐Chord弦乐，弦Classical music 古典音乐Con certo协奏曲Lullaby催眠曲Duet二重奏Harm ony和弦，和谐Rock and roll 摇滚Seren ade小夜曲Solo独奏Son ata奏鸣曲Symphony交响乐Ballad歌谣Folk music民间音乐P relude 前奏Epilogue 尾声Score乐谱Note音符Notation乐谱，记号法Chord symbol和弦符号Lyrics歌词Tempo节奏Melody主旋律Rhythm节奏Tune旋律Con duct 指挥Violin小提琴Viola中提琴Cello大提琴Oboe双簧管Clarinet单簧管krummhorn['kr ?ml?:n] n.变号（一种古双簧乐器）Harp竖琴考古anthropo logist 人类学家ecological 生态的anthropo logist生态人类学家archaeology 考古学anthropo logy 人类学morphology 形态学Ancient civilization 古代文明origin 起源origi nate起源于an cestor 祖先hominid 人(科) homoge neous同一种族(种类)的tribe部落cla n氏族archeologist考古学家excavati on 挖掘excavate (un earth)挖掘Scoop铲子ruins遗迹，废墟remai ns遗迹，遗骸artifact手工艺品pottery 陶器(potter) Po rcela in 瓷器fossil化石relic遗物，文物Rock pain ti ng 岩石画an tique古物，古董antiquity 古代，古老skull颅骨Cran iai颅骨的Sto ne Age石器时代Bronze Age （青）铜器时代Iron Age铁器时代Paleolithic旧石器时代的Mesolithic中石器时代的Neolithic新石器时代的Exhume挖掘P aleoa nthropo logyP rehistoric 史前的Primitive原始的动物微生物Ami no acid氨基酸Antibody 抗体Bacterium 细菌Biological age ncyCalcium 钙Carbohydrate碳水化合物Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Cell细胞Chromosome 染色体Disinfection 消毒En zymes 酶Fatigue 疲惫Ferme ntati on 发酵Fun gus菌类Gene基因Gen etic engin eeri ng 基因工程学Glucose 葡萄糖Immuno logy 免疫学In cubatio n 孵蛋Inflection 传染Malaria 疟疾Microbe微生物Nucleus细胞核On e-celled单细胞的Oxidation 氧化P arasitic ani mal 寄生动物P arasite disease寄生虫病Parasitology寄生虫学Pathogen病菌，病原体P rotozoa原生动物San itatio n 卫生Schistosomiaisis 血吸虫病Starch淀粉Sterilization 消毒Toxin 毒素Vacci ne 疫苗Virus 病毒Yeast酵母动物living organism 生物bacterium(pl.bacteria)细菌algae海藻coral 珊瑚rode nt啮齿类动物primate灵长类动物ape 猿chi mpan zee n.黑猩猩gorilla大猩猩mon key n.猴子mammal哺乳类动物dino saur n 恐龙bat (ecolotio n)蝙蝠(声波定位) sno wshoe hare 雪兔子racco on 浣熊po lar bear 北极熊snout (动物的)口鼻部； rep tile爬行类动物snake, cobra 眼镜蛇,rattle snake 响尾蛇lizard 蜥蜴， sn ail蜗牛amp hibia n adj.两栖动物crocodile 鳄鱼frog n.青蛙tad pole 蝌蚪toad蟾蜍pond池塘puddle水坑insect n 昆虫mosquito 蚊子fly苍蝇cricket 蟋蟀grassh opper 蚱蜢honey bee mon arch butterfly 大花蝶large migratory American butterfly having dee p orange wings with black and white markin gs; the larvae feed on milkweed egg卵larvae 幼虫cater pillar 毛虫pupa/ chrysalis 茧termite n.白蚁marine adj.海洋的beaver 狸whale 鲸shark鲨鱼dolphin 海豚penguin 企鹅p redator n.捕食者prey n.被捕食者aquatic adj.水生的shrim p 虾lobster 龙虾clam 蚌crab螃蟹bird, hum ming bird artery动脉scale鳞片claw爪,paw 爪子horn 角horm one荷尔蒙in testi ne 肠hive蜂巢p olle n n.花粉p olli nate v.授粉hiber nate 冬眠migrate v.迁徙com muni cate v.交流camouflage 保护色evolve进化evolutio n n.进化endotherm n温血动物,恒温动物poikilotherm n.冷血动物beak鸟嘴en zymes 酵母secreti on(n.) secrete(v.)分泌pan creas 胰腺odor 气味(还有aroma fragranee scent smell) gla nd腺体chromosome 染色体植物bota ny植物学bota nist植物学家tundra苔原;冻土地带，冻原fungus(pl. fungi ) 菌类laurel月桂chest nut tree 栗子树root 根branch 枝stem 茎algae( pl. alga)海藻orga nism有机物birch tree (bark)桦树crops谷物corn玉米maize 玉米chlorophyll 叶绿素ami no acids 氨基酸protein蛋白质n itroge n 氮p hotos yn thetic(adj.) p hotos yn thesis( n.) 光合作用liche n地衣，苔藓squash 南瓜one of a group of large vegetables with solid flesh and hard skins, such a&UMP KIN s bean豆类植物n ectar花蜜flower 花floral花的petal花瓣bloom开花blossom 花pollen花粉moss苔藓herbicide除草剂herb草本植物herbivorous 食草的classificati on 分类hierarchy 级另hazardous有毒害的Meteorology 气象meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家forecast (p redict)预报climate 气候atmos phere 大气层troposp here 对流层Convection 对流Stratos phere 同温层Barometer气压计curre nt (气)流vapor蒸汽eva po rate 蒸发damp (wet; moist; humid)潮湿的humidity 湿度moisture潮湿；水分saturate 饱和absorb吸收dew露frost 霜fog (mist)雾smog烟雾drop let小水珠condense 浓缩crystal水晶体dow npo ur (torre ntial rain)大雨temp est (storm)暴风雨drizzle纟田雨shower阵雨hail冰雹blizzard (sno wstorm)暴风雪avala nche (sno wslide) 雪崩precip itati on (雨、露、雪等)降水Thunder 雷Lightening 闪电breeze微风Blast大风gale大风whiriwind 旋风Cyclo ne旋风，飓风typhoon 台风hurrica ne 飓风Mon soon 季风San dstorm沙尘暴Dust storm沙尘暴torn ado (twister, cycl one)龙卷风Tropi cal dep ressio n 热带低气压Wind direction 风向Wind velocity 风速Wind scale 风力funnel漏斗，漏斗云cum uloni mbus 积雨云disaster (calamity, catastro phe)灾难devastati on 破坏submerge 淹没overwhelm v.淹没drought 干旱Avala nche 雪崩Balmy 温和的Chilly寒冷的Frigid僵硬的，严格的Heat-wave 热浪Te pid adj.微温的环保en vir onmen tal p rotecti on 环境保护environmentally-friendly 环保的p reserve v 保护，保存污染：p ollute, p olluti on, p olluta nt con tam inant n 污染物con tam in ate v 污染ecosystem生态系统ecology n.生态学an tise ptic adj 防腐的atmos pheric p olluti on 大气污染垃圾：rubbish, garbage, trash, waste, litter 处理:dis pose of, burn, bury (la ndfill), recycle, reduce, reuse, dump回收:glass, paper, water, milk cart on 牛奶盒,tyre, alu minium cans 铝罐, pl astic bags, rubbish bags biodegradable packaging可降解包装, throwaway可丢弃的dis po sable 可丢弃的discourage v.不鼓励燃料non e-re newable不可再生的fossil fuels矿石燃料： n atural gas, coal, p etroleum limited/finite natural resources 有限的自然资源alter native en ergy 替代能源, replace=substitute v取代wind po wer, hydr opo wer 水电, solar (lunar) power太阳能, nu clear po wer 核能radioactivity n.辐射性use up, dep lete, exhaust v 用光，耗尽con serve v.节省，节约, 污染:water p olluti on, air p olluti on, soil pollution 土壤污染， no ise p olluti on soil erosi on 土壤侵蚀soil pollution 土壤污染stain n污染，污点，玷污stink V.发出臭味tar n.焦油toxic chemical有毒的化学物品fume n烟，气味light pollution 日光污染refuse废物sewage污水p esticide n 杀虫剂chemical waste 化学废料con gest v使充满危害动物： poaching非法打猎，盗猎, damage natural habitat 破坏自然栖息地， rare breed稀有物种， endangered specie濒危物种, extinct adj.灭绝(die out, disappear), an imal rights activist动物权益保护者， n atural reserve(gia nt pan dot 熊猫)自然保护区，protect wild life保护野生动物，p reserve v保护disastrous灾难性的，devastation破坏, have disastrous effect on 对。
托福听力分类词汇大全
part 1. 天文类1 astronomy 天文astronomy 天文学astronomical 天文的astronomical observatory 天文台astronomer 天文学家astrophysics 天文物理学astrology 占星学pseudoscience 伪科学cosmos(universe) 宇宙cosmology 宇宙学infinite 无限的cosmic 宇宙的cosmic radiation 宇宙辐射cosmic rays 宇宙射线celestial 天的celestial body (heavenly body) 天体celestial map (sky atlas) 天体图celestial sphere 天球dwarf (dwarf star) 矮星quasar 类星体，类星射电源constellation 星座galaxy (Milky Way) 新河系cluster 星团solar system 太阳系solar corona 日冕solar eclipse 日食solar radiation 太阳辐射planet 行星planetoid (asteroid) 小行星revolve 旋转，绕转twinkle 闪烁naked eye 肉眼Mercury 水星Venus 金星Earth 地球Mars 火星Jupiter 木星Saturn 土星Uranus 天王星Neptune 海王星Pluto 冥王星orbit 轨道spin 旋转satellite 卫星lunar 月球的meteor 流星meteor shower 流星雨meteoroid 流星体meteorite 陨石comet 彗星space (outer space) 太空，外层空间spacecraft (spaceship) 宇宙飞船spaceman ( astronaut) 宇航员，航天员space suit 宇航服，航天服space shuttle 航天飞机space telescope 空间望远镜astronaut 宇航员star 恒星stellar 恒星的intergalactic 星系间的interstellar 恒星间的interplanetary 行星间的asteroid 小行星nebula 星云space debris 太空垃圾ammonia 氨corona 日冕chromosphere 色球photosphere 色球层convection zone 对流层vacuum 真空infrared ray 红外线chondrite 球粒absolute magnitude 绝对量级radiation 辐射emission 发射，散发high-resolution 高清晰度interferometer 干扰仪2 geography 地理geography 地理geographer 地理学家hemisphere 半球meridian 子午线，经线parallel 平行圈，纬线latitude 经度longitude 精度elevation 海拔altitude 高度temperate latitudes 温带地区horizon 地平线equator 赤道tropics 热带地区Arctic 北极Antarctic(Antarctica) 南极expedition 探险time zone 时区topography 地形，地形学plain 平原plateau (highland) 高地lowland 低地basin 盆地cavern (cave) 洞穴terrain 地域subterranean ( underground) 地底下coastland 沿海地区island 岛屿continental island 大陆岛volcanic island 火山岛coral island 珊瑚岛islet 小岛peninsular 半岛continent 大陆continental shelf 大陆架ranges 山脉valley 峡谷canyon 峡谷channel (strait) 海峡remote-sensing 遥感的terrestrial 地球的，陆地的terrestrial heat (geothermal) 地热terrestrial magnetism (geomagnetism) 地磁continental drift 大陆漂移学说sea-floor spreading 海床扩展evaporation 蒸发salinity 含盐度ocean bottom 海床sediment 沉淀物，沉积物tropical 热带的temperate 温带的frigid 寒带的formation 形成frost heaving 冻胀现象fieldstone 卵石3 geology 地质学geologist 地质学家crust 地壳mantle 地幔core 地核continental crust 大陆地壳oceanic crust 海洋地壳layer (stratum,复数strata) 地层plate 板块fault 断层fault plane 断层面fault zone 断层带rift (crack; split) 断裂disintegration (decomposition) 分解erosion 腐蚀fossil 化石igneous rock 火成岩sedimentary rock 沉积岩metamorphic rock 变质岩quartz 石英limestone 石灰岩marble 大理石granite 花岗岩lithogenous 岩成的lithosphere 岩石圈magma 岩浆mineral 矿物ore 矿石deposit 矿床platinum 白金，铂silver 银copper 黄铜aluminum 铝tin 锡lead 铅zinc 锌nickel 镍mercury 汞，水银sodium 钠gem 宝石diamond 钻石emerald 绿宝石ruby 红宝石glacier 冰川glacial 冰川的glacial epoch ( age, period) 冰川期glacial drift 冰渍iceberg 冰山volcano 火山active volcano 活火山extinct volcano 死火山dormant volcano 休眠火山eruption 火山喷发crater 火山口lava 火山岩浆volcanic 火山的volcanic dust 火山尘volcanic ash 火山灰earthquake ( quake; tremor; seism) 地震seismic 地震的seismology 地震学magnitude 震级seismic wave 地震波cataclysm 灾变4 anthropologist 人类学家paleoanthropologist 古人类学家ecological anthropologist 生态人类学家psychological anthropologist 心理人类学家origin 起源originate 起源于ancestor 祖先hominid 人（科）homogeneous 同一种族（种类）的tribe 部落clan 氏族archeologist 考古学家excavation 挖掘excavate (unearth) 挖掘ruins 遗迹，废墟remains 遗迹，遗骸artifact 手工艺品relic 遗物，文物antique 古物，古董antiquity 古代，古老Stone Age 石器时代Bronze Age （青）铜器时代Iron Age 铁器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代的Mesolithic中石器时代的Neolithic 新石器时代的archaeology 考古学anthropology 人类学morphology 形态学skull 颅骨cranial 颅骨的5 ecology 生态学ecologist 生态学家ecosystem 生态系统balance (of nature) 自然界生态平衡fauna 动物群flora 植物群rain forest 雨林food chain 食物链acid rain 酸雨greenhouse effect 温室效应infrared radiation 红外线辐射ozone layer (ozonosphere) 臭氧层ultraviolet radiation 紫外辐射pollution 污染pollution control 污染控制air pollution 空气污染water pollution 水污染noise pollution 噪音污染soil pollution 土壤污染pollution-free 无污染pollutant 污染物noxious (toxic) 有毒的fumes （有毒）废气waste 废物solid waste 固体垃圾sewage (wastewater) 污水sewage purification 污水净化sewage disposal 污水处理decibel （噪音）分贝6 meteorology 气象meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家forecast (predict) 预报climate 气候atmosphere 大气层troposphere 对流层current （气）流vapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp (wet; moist; humid) 潮湿的humidity 湿度moisture 潮湿；水分saturate 饱和dew 露frost 霜fog (mist) 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水珠condense 浓缩crystal 水晶体downpour (torrential rain) 大雨tempest (storm) 暴风雨drizzle 细雨shower 阵雨hail 冰雹blizzard (snowstorm) 暴风雪avalanche (snowslide) 雪崩precipitation （雨、露、雪等）降水breeze 微风gale 大风whirlwind 旋风typhoon 台风hurricane 飓风tornado (twister, cyclone) 龙卷风funnel 漏斗，漏斗云disaster (calamity, catastrophe) 灾难devastation 破坏submerge 淹没drought 旱灾7 chemistry 化学chemical property 化学特性，化学性质chemical composition ( makeup ) 化学成分chemical agent 化学试剂chemical reaction 化学反应chemical change 化学变化chemical bond 化学键chemical apparatus 化学器械substance (matter; material) 物质element 元素periodic table 周期表hydrogen 氢oxygen 氧nitrogen 氮helium 氦carbon 碳calcium 钙silicon 硅sulfur 硫iodine 碘compound 化合物hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物derivative 衍生物alchemy 炼金术petroleum (oil) 石油petroleum products 石油产品crude oil 原油refine 提炼，精炼gasoline 汽油methane 甲烷solution 溶液dissolve 溶解solvent 溶剂solubility 可溶性cohesive 聚合力adhesive 粘合力atom 原子nucleus 原子核electron 电子neutron 中子proton 质子molecule 分子particle 粒子ion 离子particle accelerator 粒子加速器catalysis （复数catalyses）催化作用catalyst 催化剂artificial 人造的synthetic 合成的synthetic fiber 人造纤维polymer 聚合物polymerization 聚合作用plastic 塑料dye 染料cosmetics 化妆品8．physics物理physics 物理mechanics 力学thermodynamics 热力学acoustics 声学electromagnetism 电磁学optics 光学dynamics 动力学force 力velocity 速度acceleration 加速度equilibrium 平衡statics 静力学motion 运动inertia 惯性gravitation 引力relativity 相对gravity 地心引力vibration 震动medium (media) 媒质frequency 频率wavelength 波长pitch 音高intensity 强度echo 回声resonance 回声，洪亮sonar 声纳ultrasonics 超声学electricity 电static electricity 静电magnetism 磁性，磁力magnet 磁体electromagnet 电磁magnetic field 磁场electric current 电流direct current (DC) 直流电alternating current (AC) 交流电electric circuit 电路electric charge 电荷electric voltage 电压electric shock 触电electric appliance 电器conductor 导体insulator 绝缘体semiconductor 半导体battery (cell) 电池dry battery 干电池storage battery 蓄电池electronics 电子学electronic 电子的electronic component (part) 电子零件integrated circuit 集成电路chip 集成电器片，集成块electron tube 电子管vacuum tube 真空管transistor 晶体管amplification (名词)放大amplify （动词）放大amplifier 放大器，扬声器oscillation 震荡optical 光（学）的optical fiber 光学纤维lens 透镜，镜片convex 凸透镜concave 凹透镜microscope 显微镜telescope 望远镜magnifier 放大镜spectrum 光谱ultraviolet 紫外线X rays X射线Gamma rays γ射线infrared rays 红外线microwaves 微波dispersion 色散transparent 透明translucent 半透明opaque 不透明的9 mathematics mathematics 数学mathematician 数学家arithmetic 算术calculation 计算calculator 计算器abacus 算盘numeral 数字sum 和total (sum total) 总和，总数aggregate 总计fraction 分数，小数decimal 十进位，（十进）小数digit 数字，数位percentage 百分比addition 加法plus 加上subtraction 减法minus 减去multiplication 乘法multiplication table 乘法表multiply 乘以times乘以power 乘方square 平方division 除法divide 除以algebra 代数quantity 表示量的数（或符号）equation 方程式，等式formula 公式root 根geometry 几何geometric 几何的dimension 维parallel adj. 平行的n. 平行线quadrilateral 四边形square 正方形area 面积rectangle 长方形，矩形polygon 多边形cube 立方形volume 体积sphere 球形circle 圆形ellipse (oval) 椭圆形cone 圆锥形circumference 圆周diameter 直径radius 半径triangle 三角形angle 角degree (角) 度calculus 微积分differential calculus 微分学integral calculus 积分学function 函数probability 概率statistics 统计quantitative 量的，数量的qualitative 质的，质量的deduction (inference) 推论，演绎induction 归纳10 agriculture 农业agriculture (farming) 农业agricultural 农业的land (soil) 土壤；土地soil conservation 土壤保护soil erosion 泥土流失silt 粉砂，泥沙clay 黏土，湿土clod 土块agrarian 土地的，农业的pilot (experimental ) 试验性的harrow( rake) 耙，耙土ridge 田埂furrow 犁沟plot （patch）小块地ranch 农场，牧场plantation 种植园orchard 果园nursery 苗圃seedbed 苗床sickle 镰刀spade 铲，锹shovel (平头) 铲pick 稿tractor 拖拉机cultivate (till) 耕作sow(seed) 播种harvest 收割weed 除草irrigate 灌溉manure(fertilizer) 肥料spray 喷洒（农药）insecticide(pesticide)杀虫剂pest 害虫rust 锈病grain (cereal) 谷物，谷粒granary(grain store) 粮仓mill 碾，磨wheat 小麦corn 玉米rice 大米barley 大麦sorghum 高粱oats燕麦rye 黑麦millet 粟，小米vegetable 蔬菜horticulture 园艺学hydroponics 水栽法，营养液栽培法greenhouse(glasshouse, hotbed) 温室cabbage 洋白菜lettuce 生菜mustard 芥菜spinach 菠菜broccoli 花椰菜cucumber 黄瓜eggplant 茄子pepper 辣椒pumpkin 南瓜tomato 西红柿beet 甜菜carrot 胡萝卜radish 小红萝卜pea 豌豆soybean 大豆celery 芹菜garlic 大蒜leek 韭菜onion 洋葱头potato 土豆peanut 花生sesame 芝麻cotton 棉花husbandry (animal husbandry) 畜牧业pasture 牧场livestock 家畜fowl (poultry) 家禽cattle 牛，家畜buffalo 野牛dairy (dairy cattle) 奶牛dairy farm 乳牛场hay （作饲料用）干草haystack 干草堆fodder (feed) 饲料trough 饲料槽barn(shed) 牲口槽stable 厩，马厩cowshed 牛棚pigpen (hog pen, pigsty) 猪圈sheepfold (sheep pen) 羊栏roost (hen house) 鸡舍fish farm 养鱼场aquaculture 水产养殖11 animal 动物Darvinism 达尔文学说natural selection 自然选择class 纲order 目family 科genus 属suborder 亚目species 种invertebrate 无脊椎动物vertebrate 脊椎动物aquatic( life) 水生动物reptile 爬行动物amphibian (amphibious animal) 两栖动物dinosaur 恐龙bird 鸟类extinction 灭绝mammal 哺乳动物primates 灵长目动物insect 昆虫antenna (复数antennae) 触须tentacle larva 幼虫，幼体camouflage 伪装pest 害虫worm 虫，蠕虫hibernate 冬眠lizard 蜥蜴chameleon 变色蜥蜴regeneration 再生turtle 龟beast 野兽domesticate 驯养predatory (carnivorous ) 食肉的predator 捕食者prey （动词）捕食（名词）被捕食的动物scavenger 食腐动物migrate 迁移wing 翅膀，翼bill （鸟）嘴beak （鹰等的）嘴nest 筑巢dolphin 海豚whale 鲸鱼bat 蝙蝠gorilla 大猩猩chimpanzee 黑猩猩habitat 栖息地rodent 啮齿动物（如松鼠）primate 灵长动物plankton 浮游生物mollusk 软体动物coelenterate 腔肠动物（如珊瑚）shrimp 小虾prawn 对虾lobster 对虾crab 螃蟹clam 蛤蜊sponge 海绵coral 珊瑚starfish 海星canary 金丝雀chirp (鸟，虫的叫声)唧唧squeak （老鼠等）吱吱porpoise 海豚sloth 树懒slothful 懒惰的hygiene 卫生sanitation 卫生parasite 寄生虫moth 蛾caterpillar 毛虫hordes (昆虫等)群swarms (昆虫等)群flock （鸟，羊等）群community 动物的群落或人的部落herd 兽群bunch （花等）束，捧beaver 海狸monogamous 一夫一妻的，一雄一雌的polygamous一夫多妻的，一雄多雌的polyandrous 一妻多夫的，一雌多雄的trapper 诱捕动物者rhinoceros 犀牛niche 小生态环境vestige 退化器官，遗迹fertilizer 使…受精larvae 幼虫tentacle 触角homotherm 恒温动物poikilotherm 变温动物metabolism 新陈代谢baboon 狒狒breed (名词)品种，（动词）繁殖multiply （reproduce）繁殖hatch 孵spawn (鱼、虾、蛙等)孵offspring (young) 解剖学anatomy 解剖学appetite 食欲creature 生物microbe 微生物herbivorous 食草的carnivorous 食肉的omnivorous 杂事的12 plant 植物botany 植物学botanist 植物学家botanical (botanic) 植物的plant 植物aquatic plant 水生植物parasite plant 寄生植物root 根canopy 树冠层，顶棚foliage (leaf) 叶leaflet 小叶rosette (叶的)丛生stem 茎stalk 杆leafstalk 叶柄shoot (sprout ) 嫩芽，抽枝flower 花bud 花蕾petal 花瓣peel(skin) 果皮shell (硬) 果壳husk （干）果壳；（玉米）苞叶trunk树干branch 树枝bough 大或者粗的树枝twig 小树枝bark 树皮jungle 丛林meadow 草地，牧场prairie 大草原shrub (bush) 灌木cluster 一簇（灌木）fern 蕨类植物herb 草photosynthesis 光合作用symbiosis 共生wither (shrivel, fade) 凋谢pollen 花粉pollinate 传授花粉pollination 授粉cell 细胞tissue 组织organ 器官system 系统seeds 种子everlasting 永久的orchid 兰花pollinate 授粉crossbreed 杂交shrub 灌木sequoia 红杉root pressure 根压cohesion-tension 凝聚压力bore 腔，肠column 花柱symbiotic 共生的immunity 免疫organism 生物，有机物necrosis 坏死barren 贫瘠futile 无用的carbohydrate (starch) 碳水化合物（淀粉），糖类glucose 葡萄糖starch 淀粉fat 脂肪protein 蛋白质vitamin 维他命calorie 卡路里（热量单位）malnourished 营养不良的nutrition 营养13 politics 政治constitution 宪法legislation 立法Democrats 民主党Republicans 共和党Amendment 修正案Congress 美国国会Senate 参议院House of Representatives 众议院monarchy 君主制anarchism 无政府主义federal system 联邦制presidential system 总统制municipal 市的，市政的metropolitan 大都市的centralized 中央集权的ideology 意识形态maneuver 擦略tariff 关税immigrant 移民institutionalize 机构化election 选举vote 投票officeholding 任职veto 否决American Revolution 美国革命/独立战争Independence War 美国独立战争American Civil War 美国内战radical 激进的,根本的overturning 颠覆性的independent 独立的breathtaking 激动人心的military 军事的colonize 拓殖，殖民per capita 人均treason 叛国conspiracy 阴谋imprisonment 监禁release 释放pardon 特赦accusation 谴责，指控welfare 福利patronage 资助，赞助unionization 联合，结合14 education 教育educator 教育家higher education 高等教育moral character 道德品质domain 领域faculty 全体教员alumni 校友treasurer 生活委员，财务大臣elective system 选课制度curriculum 课程（总称）discipline 学科，管理learn by rote死记硬背15 music音乐musical instrument 乐器orchestra 乐队string 弦乐wind 管乐shook rattle 摇拨浪鼓pound drum 击鼓footbeat 点脚，跺脚percussion 震荡，打击乐器note 音符score 乐谱movement 乐章fanatical 狂热的hillbilly music 乡村音乐folk music 民间音乐pop music 流行音乐classical music 古典音乐Jazz 爵士乐16 psychology 心理mental 心理的physical 身体的，物质的，物理的spiritual 心灵的conformity 从众majority 多数人minority 少数人threshold judgment （心理学）初始性判断subject 受实验对象17 people 人物artist 艺术家choreographer 舞蹈编排家critic 批评家satirist 讽刺作家inventor 发明家biographer 自传作家sculptor 雕塑家feminist 女权主义者humanitarian 人道主义者imagist 意象派诗人philanthropist 慈善家proprietor 业主mortal 犯人precursor 先驱figurehead 名誉领袖disciple 学徒apprentice 学徒mechanic 机械工minimalist 简单抽象派艺术avant-garde 前卫派territory 领域genre 风格，体裁eccentric 古怪的odd 怪诞的，奇数的erratic 奇怪的weird 怪异的，不可思议的unique 独一无二的romantic 浪漫的innocent 天真的，无罪的lovelorn 相思病苦的emotional 情绪的，情感的sentimental 感伤的，多愁善感的cheerless 无精打采的，无生命力的patriarchal 家长的，族长的rigid 僵化的spare 简朴的clumsy 笨拙的nervous 紧张的zigzag 曲折的contemporary 当代的acclaimed 受欢迎的preeminent 杰出的outstanding 杰出的versatile (人)多才多艺的，（物体）多功能的household 家庭的，家喻户晓的genuine 真正的authentic 逼真的symbolic 象征性的immortal 不朽的，神nostalgia 怀旧主义，思乡emotive 感人的prodigious 巨大的classic 经典的posthumous 死后的。
(完整版)托福听力分类词汇完整版
新托福IBT听力场景入学：enrollment 登记, 注册opening ceremony n.开业典礼, 仪式commencement ceremony 毕业典礼convocation n.正式会议（可指简单的毕业典礼）orientation meeting开学说明会staff n.全体职员freshman （大学）一年级学生sophomore （大学）二年级学生junior （大学）三年级学生senior （大学）四年级学生tuition, fee 费用placement test 开学测试excellent 出色的average 平均的，一般的below average 低于平均水平的，差的结构及称谓:university- president 大学，校长chancellor 名誉校长college 学院school 学院dean 院长principal 中学校长professor 教授associate professor 副教授assistant professor 助理教授coordinator 班主任，协调人counselor 辅导员advisor 指导老师instructor 讲师tutor 个人辅导supervisor 管理人undergraduate 本科graduate 研究生建筑物buildings:canteen.餐厅cafeteria.自助餐厅administration building 行政大楼main building主楼wing/annex 配楼teaching building教学楼dormitory n.宿舍auditorium n.会堂, 礼堂=lecture hall assembly n.集合,集会hallcomputer lab 计算实验室，机房dining hall 食堂选课学科major 主修minor 副修science理科, arts文科, engineering 工科Mathematics 数学physics 物理chemistry 化学biology 生物学geography 地理学electronics 电子学computer science 计算机科学astronomy 天文学electronics engineering 电子工程学botany 植物学psychology 心理学zoology 动物学architecture 建筑学oceanography 海洋学ecology 生态学medical science 医学archaeology 考古学history 历史学linguistics 语言学pedagogies 教育学，教学法anthropology 人类学economics 经济学statistics 统计学accounting 会计学philosophy 哲学类型required、compulsory course 必修课selective/optional course选修课elective course 选修课lecture 讲座seminar 高级研讨性课colloquium n.报告课tutorial 个人辅导课程workshop 专题课程级别Introductory 入门级elementary, fundamental 初级Intermediate, secondary 中级Advanced 高级Prerequisite 先修课程上课：Attend class 上课Miss class 缺课Skip class逃课Syllabus 教学大纲Required textbook 要求的课本Attendance 出勤Grading system 打分体系Class participation 课堂参与杂semester/term 学期quarter小学期course guideline 课程纲要major 主修minor 副修exemption 免修syllabus 教学大纲Professor’s signature 教授的签字（用于注册课程）Course cap课程容量（可以招收的学生数）,openings （可供注册的名额）Take选（课）, drop 退（课）Late registration晚注册Deregistration 注销教师称号professor 教授lecturer = instructor 讲师teaching assistant = TA 助教research assistant = RA 助研counselor, adviser 咨询者，顾问president 大学校长teacher/faculty 教师student's advisor 学生顾问physicist 物理学家mathematician 数学家chemist 化学家historian 历史学家statistician 统计学家作业：assignment 作业homework = coursework = schoolwork = studies 作业lab report 实验报告book report 读书报告project 作业presentation 发言term paper 学期论文（research paper）thesis/essay/dissertation 论文journal 学术期刊social investigation 社会调查survey 调查questionnaire n.调查表, 问卷observation n.观察interview vt.n.采访collect data 收集数据broad (论文等)内容宽泛narrow down (论文等)缩小范围source （写论文的）参考资料critical thinking 评判性思维lack your own ideas缺少自己的想法deadline n.最终期限extension 延期due date/time期限outline n.大纲, 提纲(roadmap) bibliography n书目, 参考书目reference 参考plagiarism n. 抄袭revise v. 修改rewrite v. 重写final draft 完成稿speech n.演讲presentation 演讲，陈述eye contact 目光接触intonation 音调考试：mid-term exam 期中考final exams = finals 期末考cumulative final 总结性考试take-home exam（拿回家的开卷考试，一般有限定的时间）open-book exam 开卷考试subjective test 主观性测试objective test 客观性测试pop quiz 抽查式测验blue book 答题本assessment n估价appraisal n.评价, 估价make up for补考,resit, retake重考grade （mark 、score）分数成绩：perfect grade 优异成绩low grade 低分high mark 高分passing grade 及格分failing grade 不及格分full marks 满分straight A's 全Abe all A's and B's 全是A和BB plus B加A minus A减pass the iexam with flying colors 以优异成绩通过考试graduate with honors 以荣誉毕业diploma, degree, certificate 文凭，学位，证书考试问题：分析成绩低的原因，给出解决办法图书馆：library图书馆librarian图书管理员publication 出版物periodical 期刊magazine 杂志book catalogue 图书目录classified catalogue 分类目录bibliography 参考书目title index 书目索引alphabetic index 按字母顺序排列的索引circulation desk借书处reserved books 馆藏书（只能在图书馆内借阅）library card 借书证overdue fine 过期罚金periodical reading room 期刊阅览室online journal 在线期刊video tape 录像带back issue 过期杂志current issue 近期杂志archive 档案non-fiction 非小说类文学作品science-fiction 科幻小说copier 复印机check out 办理（借、还）手续renew 续借overdue过期interlibrary service 馆际服务部分名称information desk n.服务台delivery/circulation desk借书台shelf n.书架photocopy room复印室return area 还书处students locker 学生存储间reference section 参考书部科研过程HypothesisAlternative hypothesis择一假说Null hypothesis无效假说, 零假说Collect dataSurvey, questionnaireExperimentInterfere, influenceObservationAnalyze dataInterpret dataAnalysisAnalyticalSubjectSampleTreatment groupNon-treatmentControl group校内工作，课外活动及寻找经济援助：Letter of reference/recommendation CompetitiveBenefit future careerField researchCollect data for papersWaiter, waitress，BabysitterWork at the libraryQualification资格, qualified 合格的Resume, CVfinancial aid经济援助Scholarship FellowshipTeaching assistantship 助教奖学金Research assistantship 研究奖学金Grant 助学金Loan 贷款Need-based以需求为基础Merit-based 以优秀为基础Student union 学生会Clubs 俱乐部Membership 成员资格Career service住宿：宿舍：accommodation n.住处, 膳宿residence hall宿舍suite 套间studio 工作室，独立套间village 村落（校内一栋一栋的房子，可以用做宿舍）lounge n.公共大厅（可以用做娱乐）home-stay 在国外住在房东家里的那种roommate同屋者,室友corridor n. 走廊,过道，租房lease n.租借, 租约landlord 房东landlady女房东rent租金tenant 房客patio n.阳台，sliding door n.推拉门single room 单人房twin room 双人房two-bedroom apartmenthouse key 房锁匙床上用品:pillow n.枕头bed linen n. 床上用品sheet n. 被单mattress n.床垫blanket n.毯子towel n.手巾, 毛巾quilt n.棉被电器类electric appliance(instrument; equipment) 电器heater, furnace 加热器，炉子heating unit 暖气片air conditioner 空调设备stove 炉子microwave oven 微波炉washer / dryer 洗衣机/烘干机（laundry 洗衣店）utensil 器皿；用具kitchen utensil 炊具oven 烤箱；烤炉range 煤气灶dishwasher 洗碟机washing machine 洗衣机(hot-water) heater 热水器coffeepot 咖啡壶refrigerator (freezer) 冰箱vacuum cleaner 吸尘器tape player 录音机CD player CD机Laundromat 自动洗衣店maintenance 维修，保养家具类furniture 家具bookshelf 书架bookcase 书柜couch 沙发chest 柜子；橱；箱子dresser (bureau) 梳妆台cabinet (电视机等)机箱；储藏柜；陈列柜cupboard (closet) 碗橱storage wall 壁橱rug 小地毯carpet 地毯curtain 窗帘bathtub 浴缸fixture （房屋）固定装置furnishings 室内陈设日常生活/问题:personalpossessions/property/belongings个人财产get insurance for personal possessions/property/belongsgarbage/rubbish/waste n.垃圾dispose v. 处理gas meter煤气表insect n.昆虫burglar n.夜贼leaking/leakage n. 泄漏lost key丢钥匙break in 闯入讲座场景词汇Geology地质学Slide n. 滑坡Landslide n.山体滑坡Mud泥土, soil土壤Earth n. 土Sink v.下沉Ground water 地下水Irrigation n. 灌溉Freeze, froze, frozen v.冷冻Melt v.融化moltenGravity n.重心Aggravate v.加重Lean v.倾斜Slope n.斜坡Steep adj.陡峭Erode v., erosion n.腐蚀Fossil n.化石Dinosaur n.恐龙Sediment, deposit 沉淀物Marble 大理石granite 花岗岩Ore 矿石Stalactite 钟乳石Refine v. 提炼Platinum v. 铂金Seismology 地震学Vibration, tremor, 震动Wave 波动V olcano, volcanic 火山，火山的V olcanic eruption 火山喷发Magnitude 级数Collision n.碰撞Active adj.积极的Dormant adj.休眠的Extinct adj. 熄灭的Magma n.岩浆Lava n.岩浆Erupt v.喷发explode v.爆炸(explosion)boom n.爆炸Blast n.爆炸Avalanche n.雪崩地球科学Earth’s interior 地球的内部Seismic waves地震波Compression 压缩Shear（a deformation of an object in which parallel planes remain parallel but are shifted in a direction parallel to themselves）Slow down减慢速度Reflect 反射Depth深度Density 密度Boundary边界Mantle地幔Crust地壳Core地心Continental plate 大陆板块Tectonic plate (地球表面的)构造板块Continental drift 大陆漂移Layer, strata 层Stratify 分层Crack 裂缝Molten lava 融化的岩浆Climatic shift=Climatic changes气候变化Consistent pattern 统一的，始终一致的Solar energy太阳能Radiate 发射，放射Crude approximation 大概的猜测Speculation猜测Cooling down冷却Mechanism 机制Length of the dayPhysical force 体力Imaginary line虚拟线Artificial reservoir 人工水库LatitudeRedistribute再分配，再分布Spin 快速旋转Minerals 矿物质Diverse 多样的Specimen，Sample样品Abundant 丰富的Glassy像玻璃的Amazon stones天河石Firing vapor 炙热的水蒸汽Wipe out 根除，彻底消灭Mt Everest 珠穆朗玛峰Elevation 海拔，海拔增高Precise measurement精确的测量Global Positioning System全球定位系统Longitude 经度Latitude 维度Alternative sources of energy 可替代资源Gas hydrate气体水合物Trap 困住Flame 火焰Potential 潜在的Model 模式Geological fault地质断层Crack 裂缝seismic gap地震活动空白地带postulate 假设chunk 大块cylinder 圆柱cylindrical 圆柱形的ground tilt measurement地倾斜观测evacuate 撤出sedimentary adj. 沉淀性的accumulate 积累商业Insurance 保险Note 注意Contract合约Verbal agreement口头协议Repay 偿还Interest 利息Merchant 商人Cautious 谨慎的Paramount 极为重要的Manufacture 制造Label 标签Contention 所持观点Inform 告知Cost成本Profit利润loss损失Net净的，gross粗略的Supply and demand供求Supply chain供应链Fluctuation 浮动Recession 衰退Depression 萧条Marketing strategies市场营销策略Survey 调查Surplus 剩余Shipment 运输Distribution 分布Retail 零售Whole sale 批发Franchise特许经营Budget预算哲学Socrates, Plato and AristotleTheme 主题Logic 逻辑Rhetoric 修辞Fundamental causes 基本原因Principles of the universe 宇宙的原则Perceive 看待，观察Perception 观点Sense 感觉Soul 灵魂spiritElement 组成成分Reasoning 推理Ration理性, rational有理性的Contemplation 沉思，思考Judgment判断Just公正的，justice公正Justify证明, justification 合理的理由Explicit 明确的Ethics道德规范Ethical theory 伦理理论Moral 有道德的Ultimate truth终极真理Universal 普遍的Search for truth 追求真理Vary v.不相同Intrinsic 内部的Extrinsic 外部的Critic 评论家Old-fashioned 过时的Valuable 有价值的Survive 生存，存活Conservative 保守的Liberal 开放的Impractical不实际的Empirical经验主义的Cognitive 认知的Weaken 削弱Diminish （影响力）减小Medieval 中世纪Renaissance 文艺复兴Doctrine教义,主义,学说Idealism 唯心论，理想主义Epistemology n. 认识论Metaphysics形而上学,玄学Reconcile和解,调停天文学astronomyconstellation星座zodiac （星象学的星座）planet 行星sun 恒星Jupiter 木星Pluto 冥王星Saturn 土星Mercury 水星Mars 火星Venus金星Neptune海王星Uranus天王星Ceres 谷物星（the largest asteroid and the first discovered）White dwarf 白矮星Big Dipper 北斗七星Asteroid belt 小行星带Milky Way 银河系Galaxy n.星系orbit v.运行n.轨道rotate v. 转Axis n.轴track n. 轨道outer space外太空gravity n.重力equator n.赤道tropical 热带的brightness n.亮度dimension n.维度distance n. 距离Eclipse (日月食)Wane, diminish v. 逐渐变小Centripetal 向心Centrifugal 离心Nebula 星云(an immense cloud of gas (mainly hydrogen) and dust in interstellar space）Nebulous adj. 星云的Gas 气体(rock, ice, hydrogen, oxygen) Particle 微粒Polar light 极光Astronomical 天文的Astrophysics 天文物理学Big Dipper 北斗七星Black hole 黑洞Celestial天体的Celestial map 天体图Centrifugal force 离心力Chondrite 球粒状陨石Chromosphere太阳的色球层Clockwise 顺时针Cluster 星团，一群星星Comet 彗星Cosmos宇宙,cosmetic宇宙的Cosmology宇宙学Emission 排放物，发射Faint 微弱的Feeble 微弱的Gaseous bodies 气态包Gravitational force 吸引力Greenwich mean time 格林尼治时间High resolution 高清晰度Ignite 引燃Illusive object 幻影物体Image 影响，形象Infinite 无限的Infrared ray 红外射线Interferometer 干扰仪Intergalactic 星系间的International date line 国际日期变更线Interplanetary 星球间的Interstellar星际的Leap year 闰年Light year光年Luminosity光亮度Lunar阴历的，月亮的Massive 巨大的Meteor流星Meteor shower 流星雨Meteorite陨石Meteoroid流星体Molten 融化的Naked eye 裸眼Observatory 天文台Photosphere 光球层Planetarium 天文馆Planetoid 小行星Polestar 北极星Pseudoscience 伪科学Quasar类星体Radiation 辐射Revolution 旋转Rotation 旋转Satellite 卫星Sky atlas天体图Solar corona日冕Space debris 太空垃圾Space shuttle 太空飞船Space suit 太空服Spin 快速旋转Star cluster 星群，星团Stellar 星星的Sunspot 太阳黑子Time difference 时差Time zone 时区表演艺术（舞蹈，电影，音乐etc.）Genre 艺术分类Performing art 表演艺术modern dance piece现代舞concert 音乐会play剧opera歌剧film 电影camera 摄影camera shotanalytical 分析的parallel 平行的ballet芭蕾舞choreographer 舞蹈指导Fine/visual arts 视觉艺术Abstract art抽象艺术landscape风景photography摄影exposure 曝光develop film 冲洗胶卷negative n. 底片portrait(portray v. )肖像, 人像、still life静物sculpture雕塑statue 人物雕像lifelike 逼真的vividanthem国歌Critic 评论家Criticism 批评，评论Review n.评论Masterpiece 杰作Have aesthetic value 有美学价值Aesthetic appeal 美学吸引力Feature 特点Characteristics 特点Distinct adj.与众不同的Unique 独一无二的Style 风格Technique 技巧Gallery n.画馆Edition n.专辑Release v. 发行Debut n.首映Impressionist 印象主义者Impressionism 印象派Perspective 透视法Angle 角度Press/Publishing house出版社Acclaim v. 盛赞mirage海市蜃楼prolific多产Preserve v. 保存Extinct adj.灭绝的，消失的文学Literature 文学Poetry诗歌biography传记autobiography 自传detective stories 侦探小说drama戏剧novel小说Novelist 小说家collection of short stories短篇小说集Allegory寓言Comparative literature比较文学Diary 日记Editorial 社论，重要评论Fiction 小说Aestheticism 唯美Autobiography 自传Descriptive prose 描述散文Fairy tale 童话Futurism 未来派Legend 传说Literary studies 文学研究Narrative prose 叙述性散文Podium 讲台Prose 散文Realism 现实主义School of literature 文学派别Leading character 主要角色Literary criticism 文学评论Literary studies 文学学习Modernism 现代主义Plot 情节Poetry 诗歌Prologue前言Proverb谚语Surrealism 超现实主义美术Art gallery艺廊Calligraphy书法Imitating模仿Landscape painting风景画Oil painting油画Paste粘贴Crayon 蜡笔，粉笔，颜料Pigmentation 颜料Canvas 帆布Wax 蜡Spectrum 光谱Perspective透视画法Poster海报Portrait肖像Model模式，模特mural壁画Panorama全景Pastel drawing蜡笔画Sketch草图Autograph手稿建筑Architecture建筑学Architect建筑师Architectural style建筑风格Art deco 装饰艺术Art moderneGeometric patterns 几何图形Arch 拱门Castle 城堡Cathedral大教堂Framing结构Lobby n. 大厅(entrance hall) Elevator n. 电梯Façade n. 正面Stairs 楼梯Interior 内部的Exterior 外部的Impressionistic style印象派风格Mosque清真寺Pyramid金字塔Revival 复活Renaissance 文艺复兴Medieval中世纪Byzantine architecture 527 (Sofia)-1520音乐Accompaniment 伴奏Audition 试听，试表演Band music 乐队音乐Chord弦乐，弦Classical music古典音乐Concerto 协奏曲Lullaby 催眠曲Duet 二重奏Harmony 和弦，和谐Rock and roll 摇滚Serenade 小夜曲Solo 独奏Sonata 奏鸣曲Symphony 交响乐Ballad歌谣Folk music 民间音乐Prelude 前奏Epilogue 尾声Score 乐谱Note 音符Notation 乐谱，记号法Chord symbol和弦符号Lyrics 歌词Tempo 节奏Melody 主旋律Rhythm节奏Tune 旋律Conduct 指挥Violin 小提琴Viola 中提琴Cello大提琴Oboe双簧管Clarinet单簧管krummhorn['krʌmhɔ:n]n. 变号(一种古双簧乐器)Harp 竖琴考古anthropologist 人类学家ecological 生态的anthropologist 生态人类学家archaeology 考古学anthropology 人类学morphology 形态学Ancient civilization 古代文明origin 起源originate 起源于ancestor 祖先hominid 人（科）homogeneous 同一种族（种类）的tribe 部落clan 氏族archeologist 考古学家excavation 挖掘excavate (unearth) 挖掘Scoop铲子ruins 遗迹，废墟remains 遗迹，遗骸artifact 手工艺品pottery 陶器(potter)Porcelain瓷器fossil 化石relic 遗物，文物Rock painting 岩石画antique 古物，古董antiquity 古代，古老skull 颅骨Cranial颅骨的Stone Age 石器时代Bronze Age （青）铜器时代Iron Age 铁器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代的Mesolithic 中石器时代的Neolithic 新石器时代的Exhume 挖掘PaleoanthropologyPrehistoric史前的Primitive原始的动物微生物Amino acid 氨基酸Antibody 抗体Bacterium 细菌Biological agencyCalcium钙Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Cell细胞Chromosome 染色体Disinfection 消毒Enzymes 酶Fatigue 疲惫Fermentation 发酵Fungus 菌类Gene基因Genetic engineering 基因工程学Glucose 葡萄糖Immunology免疫学Incubation 孵蛋Inflection传染Malaria 疟疾Microbe 微生物Nucleus 细胞核One-celled单细胞的Oxidation氧化Parasitic animal 寄生动物Parasite disease 寄生虫病Parasitology 寄生虫学Pathogen 病菌，病原体Protozoa 原生动物Sanitation 卫生Schistosomiaisis 血吸虫病Starch 淀粉Sterilization 消毒Toxin 毒素Vaccine 疫苗Virus 病毒Yeast 酵母动物living organism 生物bacterium(pl.bacteria)细菌algae海藻coral珊瑚rodent 啮齿类动物primate 灵长类动物ape 猿chimpanzee n. 黑猩猩gorilla 大猩猩monkey n. 猴子mammal 哺乳类动物dinosaur n.恐龙bat (ecolotion) 蝙蝠（声波定位）snowshoe hare 雪兔子raccoon 浣熊polar bear 北极熊snout (动物的)口鼻部;reptile 爬行类动物snake, cobra眼镜蛇, rattle snake 响尾蛇lizard蜥蜴,snail 蜗牛amphibian adj. 两栖动物crocodile 鳄鱼frog n. 青蛙tadpole 蝌蚪toad 蟾蜍pond 池塘puddle 水坑insect n.昆虫mosquito 蚊子fly 苍蝇cricket 蟋蟀grasshopper 蚱蜢honey beemonarch butterfly 大花蝶large migratory American butterfly having deep orange wings with black and white markings; the larvae feed on milkweed egg 卵larvae 幼虫caterpillar 毛虫pupa/ chrysalis 茧termite n. 白蚁marine adj. 海洋的beaver 狸whale 鲸shark 鲨鱼dolphin 海豚penguin 企鹅predator n. 捕食者prey n. 被捕食者aquatic adj.水生的shrimp 虾lobster 龙虾clam 蚌crab 螃蟹bird, humming birdartery 动脉scale 鳞片claw爪, paw爪子horn 角hormone 荷尔蒙intestine 肠hive 蜂巢pollen n. 花粉pollinate v.授粉hibernate 冬眠migrate v. 迁徙communicate v. 交流camouflage 保护色evolve 进化evolution n. 进化endotherm n.温血动物,恒温动物poikilotherm n. 冷血动物beak 鸟嘴enzymes 酵母secretion(n.) secrete(v.) 分泌pancreas 胰腺odor 气味(还有aroma fragrance scent smell)gland 腺体chromosome 染色体植物botany植物学botanist 植物学家tundra苔原;冻土地带,冻原fungus(pl. fungi ) 菌类laurel 月桂chestnut tree 栗子树root 根branch 枝stem 茎algae(pl. alga) 海藻organism 有机物birch tree (bark) 桦树crops 谷物corn 玉米maize 玉米chlorophyll 叶绿素amino acids 氨基酸protein 蛋白质nitrogen 氮photosynthetic(adj.) photosynthesis(n.) 光合作用lichen 地衣,苔藓squash 南瓜one of a group of large vegetables with solid flesh and hard skins, such as PUMPKIN sbean 豆类植物nectar花蜜flower花floral 花的petal 花瓣bloom 开花blossom 花pollen花粉moss 苔藓herbicide 除草剂herb 草本植物herbivorous 食草的classification 分类hierarchy 级别hazardous 有毒害的Meteorology 气象meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家forecast (predict) 预报climate 气候atmosphere 大气层troposphere 对流层Convection 对流Stratosphere 同温层Barometer 气压计current （气）流vapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp (wet; moist; humid) 潮湿的humidity 湿度moisture 潮湿；水分saturate 饱和absorb 吸收dew 露frost 霜fog (mist) 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水珠condense 浓缩crystal 水晶体downpour (torrential rain) 大雨tempest (storm) 暴风雨drizzle 细雨shower 阵雨hail 冰雹blizzard (snowstorm) 暴风雪avalanche (snowslide) 雪崩precipitation （雨、露、雪等）降水Thunder 雷Lightening 闪电breeze 微风Blast 大风gale 大风whirlwind 旋风Cyclone 旋风，飓风typhoon 台风hurricane 飓风Monsoon 季风Sandstorm沙尘暴Dust storm沙尘暴tornado (twister, cyclone) 龙卷风Tropical depression热带低气压Wind direction 风向Wind velocity 风速Wind scale 风力funnel 漏斗，漏斗云cumulonimbus 积雨云disaster (calamity, catastrophe) 灾难devastation 破坏submerge 淹没overwhelm v. 淹没drought 干旱Avalanche雪崩Balmy 温和的Chilly寒冷的Frigid僵硬的，严格的Heat-wave热浪Tepid adj.微温的环保environmental protection 环境保护environmentally-friendly 环保的preserve v.保护，保存污染：pollute, pollution, pollutant contaminant n.污染物contaminate v.污染ecosystem生态系统ecology n.生态学antiseptic adj.防腐的atmospheric pollution大气污染垃圾: rubbish, garbage, trash, waste, litter处理: dispose of, burn, bury (landfill), recycle, reduce, reuse,dump回收:glass, paper, water,milk carton牛奶盒, tyre,aluminium cans铝罐,plastic bags, rubbish bags biodegradable packaging可降解包装, throwaway 可丢弃的disposable 可丢弃的discourage v. 不鼓励燃料none-renewable 不可再生的fossil fuels矿石燃料:natural gas, coal, petroleumlimited/finite natural resources 有限的自然资源alternative energy替代能源,replace=substitute v.取代wind power, hydropower水电,solar (lunar) power太阳能,nuclear power核能radioactivity n. 辐射性use up, deplete, exhaust v. 用光，耗尽conserve v. 节省，节约,污染: water pollution, air pollution, soil pollution土壤污染,noise pollutionsoil erosion 土壤侵蚀soil pollution土壤污染stain n.污染，污点，玷污stink v.发出臭味tar n.焦油toxic chemical 有毒的化学物品fume n.烟，气味light pollution日光污染refuse废物sewage污水pesticide n.杀虫剂chemical waste化学废料congest v.使充满危害动物:poaching非法打猎，盗猎,damage natural habitat破坏自然栖息地,rare breed稀有物种,endangered species濒危物种,extinct adj.灭绝(die out, disappear), animal rights activist动物权益保护者, natural reserve(giant panda大熊猫)自然保护区,protect wild life保护野生动物, preserve v.保护disastrous灾难性的, devastation破坏, have disastrous effect on…对。
托福听力分类词汇汇总
托福听力分类词汇汇总向来有“得托福听力者得天下”的说法，而提升托福听力首先需要把分类词汇了解清楚，今天为大家准备了听力分类词汇汇总，童鞋们在备考时可以分主题熟记这些单词哦~数学mathematician 数学家 arithmetic 算术 calculation 计算calculator 计算器 abacus 算盘 numeral 数字 sum 和 total (sum total) 总和，总数aggregate 总计 fraction 分数小数 decimal 十进位，(十进)小数digit 数字，数位 percentage 百分比 deduction (inference) 推论，演绎 induction 归纳物理学statics 静力学 motion 运动 inertia 惯性 gravitation 引力relativity 相对 gravity 地心引力 vibration 震动 medium (media) 媒质 frequency 频率 wavelength 波长 pitch 音高intensity 强度 echo 回声 resonance 回声，洪亮 sonar 声纳ultrasonics 超声学 electricity 电static electricity 静电 magnetism 磁性，磁力 magnet 磁体electromagnet 电磁 magnetic field 磁场 electric current 电流direct current (DC) 直流电 alternating current (AC) 交流电electric circuit 电路 electric charge 电荷 electric voltage 电压 electric shock 触电 electric appliance 电器 conductor导体 insulator 绝缘体 semiconductor 半导体 battery (cell)电池 dry battery 干电池 storage battery 蓄电池 electronics电子学 electronic 电子的 electronic component (part) 电子零件 integrated circuit 集成电路 chip 集成电器片，集成块electron tube 电子管 vacuum tube 真空管 transistor 晶体管amplification (名词)放大 amplify (动词)放大 amplifier 放大器，扬声器 oscillation 震荡 optical 光(学)的 optical fiber 光学纤维 lens 透镜，镜片 convex 凸透镜 concave 凹透镜 microscope 显微镜 telescope 望远镜 magnifier 放大镜 spectrum 光谱ultraviolet 紫外线 X rays X射线Gamma rays γ射线 infrared rays 红外线 microwaves 微波 dispersion 色散 transparent 透明 translucent 半透明 opaque 不透明的化学compound 化合物 hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物 derivative 衍生物alchemy 炼金术 petroleum (oil) 石油 petroleum products 石油产品 crude oil 原油 refine 提炼精炼 gasoline 汽油 methane 甲烷 solution 溶液 dissolve 溶解solvent 溶剂 solubility 可溶性 cohesive 聚合力 adhesive 粘合力 atom 原子 nucleus 原子核 electron 电子 neutron 中子proton 质子molecule 分子 particle 粒子 ion 离子 particle accelerator粒子加速器 catalysis (复数catalyses) 催化作用 catalyst 催化剂 artificial 人造的 synthetic 合成的 synthetic fiber 人造纤维 polymer 聚合物 polymerization 聚合作用plastic 塑料 dye 染料 cosmetics 化妆品 (物理类)physics 物理mechanics 力学 thermodynamics 热力学 acoustics 声学electromagnetism 电磁学 optics 光学 dynamics 动力学 force力 velocity 速度 acceleration 加速度 equilibrium 平衡chemistry chemical property 化学特性，化学性质 chemical composition ( makeup ) 化学成分 chemical agent 化学试剂chemical reaction 化学反应 chemical change 化学变化 chemical bond 化学键 chemical apparatus 化学器械 substance (matter; material) 物质 element 元素 periodic table 周期表 hydrogen 氢 oxygen 氧 nitrogen 氮 helium 氦 carbon 碳 calcium 钙silicon 硅 sulfur 硫 iodine 碘气象学meteorology 气象 meteorologist 气象学家 forecast (predict) 预报 climate 气候 atmosphere 大气层 troposphere 对流层current (气)流 vapor 蒸汽 evaporate 蒸发 damp (wet; moist; humid) 潮湿的 humidity 湿度 moisture 潮湿;水分 saturate 饱和dew 露 frost 霜 fog (mist) 雾 smog 烟雾 droplet 小水珠condense 浓缩 crystal 水晶体 downpour (torrential rain) 大雨tempest (storm) 暴风雨 drizzle 细雨 shower 阵雨 hail 冰雹blizzard (snowstorm) 暴风雪avalanche (snowslide) 雪崩 precipitation (雨、露、雪等)降水breeze 微风 gale 大风 whirlwind 旋风 typhoon 台风 hurricane 飓风 tornado (twister, cyclone) 龙卷风 funnel 漏斗，漏斗云disaster (calamity, catastrophe) 灾难 devastation 破坏submerge 淹没 drought 旱灾天文学astronomy 天文学 astronomical 天文的 astronomical observatory 天文台 astronomer 天文学家 astrophysics 天文物理学 astrology 占星学 pseudoscience 伪科学 cosmos(universe) 宇宙 cosmology 宇宙学 infinite 无限的 cosmic 宇宙的 cosmic radiation 宇宙辐射 cosmic rays 宇宙射线 celestial 天的celestial body (heavenly body) 天体 celestial map (sky atlas) 天体图 celestial sphere 天球dwarf (dwarf star) 矮星 quasar 类星体，类星射电源constellation 星座 galaxy (Milky Way) 新河系 cluster 星团solar system 太阳系 solar corona 日冕 solar eclipse 日食solar radiation 太阳辐射 planet 行星 planetoid (asteroid) 小行星 revolve 旋转，绕转 twinkle 闪烁 naked eye 肉眼 Mercury 水星 Venus 金星 Earth 地球 Mars 火星 Jupiter 木星 Saturn 土星 Uranus 天王星 Neptune 海王星 Pluto 冥王星 orbit 轨道spin 旋转 satellite 卫星 lunar 月球的meteor 流星 meteor shower流星雨 meteoroid 流星体 meteorite 陨石comet 彗星 space (outer space) 太空，外层空间 spacecraft (spaceship) 宇宙飞船 spaceman ( astronaut) 宇航员，航天员space suit 宇航服，航天服 space shuttle 航天飞机 space telescope空间望远镜 astronaut 宇航员 star 恒星 stellar 恒星的 intergalactic 星系间的interstellar 恒星间的 interplanetary 行星间的 asteroid 小行星 nebula 星云 space debris 太空垃圾 ammonia 氨 corona 日冕chromosphere 色球 photosphere 色球层 convection zone 对流层vacuum 真空 infrared ray 红外线 chondrite 球粒 absolute magnitude 绝对量级 radiation 辐射 emission 发射，散发high-resolution 高清晰度 interferometer 干扰仪地质学stratum地层，inner core 内核，outer core 外核，plate 板块，volcanic 火山岩，limestone石灰石，quartzite石英岩，granite 花岗岩，sedimentary rock沉积岩，continent 大陆，continental shelf大陆架, the Northern Hemisphere北半球, Longitude经度, Latitude纬度Meridian 子午线，the North Pole北极，the South Pole南极，the Antarctic Continent南极洲，hillside 山坡，mountain slope山坡，desert沙漠，cliff山崖，Grand Canyon大峡谷，valley山谷，basin盆地，peninsula半岛，coral island珊瑚岛，coastline海岸线，delta三角洲upper reaches上游, lower reaches下游, tributary 支流, deposit 沉积, swamp沼泽spring泉，fountain喷泉，geyser间歇泉，withdraw 后退，versatile 多才多艺的，geology 地理，geography 地质学，calculus 计算，结石，original 最初的，新颖的，account for 导致，earth plate 地球板块，crust 地壳Great lakes 北美五大湖(Superior 苏比尔湖, Huron 休伦湖, Michigan 密西根湖, Erie 伊利湖, Ontario 安大略湖)Lake Baikal 贝加尔湖，Caspian Sea里海，Aral Sea咸海，combine/ split 联合/分裂，Mediterranean 地中海的，glacier 冰川，iceberg 冰山Meteorology气象学，observation观测，hurricane 飓风，typhoon 台风，convection 对流，troposphere 对流层，stratigraphy 地层学, continental crust 大陆地壳, continental drift theory大陆漂移学说, core 地核, mantle 地幔vegetation植被，tropical rain forest 热带雨林，volcano火山，volcano eruption火山爆发，dormant volcano休眠火山，earth quake地震，magnitude地震震级，seismic wave地震波，seismology地震学考古学psychological anthropologist 心理人类学家 origin 起源originate 起源于 ancestor 祖先 hominid 人(科) homogeneous同一种族(种类)的 tribe 部落 clan 氏族 archeologist考古学家 excavation 挖掘 excavate (unearth) 挖掘 ruins 遗迹废墟 remains 遗迹，遗骸 artifact 手工艺品relic 遗物，文物antique 古物，古董 antiquity 古代，古老Stone Age 石器时代 Bronze Age (青)铜器时代 Iron Age 铁器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代的 Mesolithic 中石器时代的 Neolithic 新石器时代的 archaeology 考古学 anthropology 人类学morphology 形态学 skull 颅骨 cranial 颅骨的生态学ecology 生态学 ecologist 生态学家 ecosystem 生态系统balance (of nature) 自然界生态平衡 fauna 动物群 flora 植物群rain forest 雨林 food chain 食物链acid rain 酸雨 greenhouse effect 温室效应 infrared radiation 红外线辐射 ozone layer (ozonosphere) 臭氧层 ultraviolet radiation 紫外辐射 pollution 污染 pollution control 污染控制 air pollution 空气污染 water pollution 水污染noise pollution 噪音污染 soil pollution 土壤污染pollution-free 无污染 pollutant 污染物 noxious (toxic) 有毒的 fumes (有毒)废气 waste 废物 solid waste 固体垃圾 sewage (wastewater) 污水 sewage purification 污水净化 sewage disposal 污水处理 decibel 分贝。
托福听力分类词汇完整版
新托福IBT听力场景入学：enrollment 登记, 注册opening ceremony n.开业典礼, 仪式commencement ceremony 毕业典礼convocation n.正式会议（可指简单的毕业典礼）orientation meeting开学说明会staff n.全体职员freshman （大学）一年级学生sophomore （大学）二年级学生junior （大学）三年级学生senior （大学）四年级学生tuition, fee 费用placement test 开学测试excellent 出色的average 平均的，一般的below average 低于平均水平的，差的结构及称谓: university- president 大学，校长chancellor 名誉校长college 学院school 学院dean 院长principal 中学校长professor 教授associate professor 副教授assistant professor 助理教授coordinator 班主任，协调人counselor 辅导员advisor 指导老师instructor 讲师tutor 个人辅导supervisor 管理人undergraduate 本科graduate 研究生建筑物buildings:canteen.餐厅cafeteria.自助餐厅administration building 行政大楼main building主楼wing/annex 配楼teaching building教学楼dormitory n.宿舍auditorium n.会堂, 礼堂=lecture hall assembly n.集合,集会hallcomputer lab 计算实验室，机房dining hall 食堂选课学科major 主修minor 副修science理科, arts文科, engineering 工科Mathematics 数学physics 物理chemistry 化学biology 生物学geography 地理学electronics 电子学computer science 计算机科学astronomy 天文学electronics engineering 电子工程学botany 植物学psychology 心理学zoology 动物学architecture 建筑学oceanography 海洋学ecology 生态学medical science 医学archaeology 考古学history 历史学linguistics 语言学pedagogies 教育学，教学法anthropology 人类学economics 经济学statistics 统计学accounting 会计学philosophy 哲学类型required、compulsory course 必修课selective/optional course选修课elective course 选修课lecture 讲座seminar 高级研讨性课colloquium n.报告课tutorial 个人辅导课程workshop 专题课程级别Introductory 入门级elementary, fundamental 初级Intermediate, secondary 中级Advanced 高级Prerequisite 先修课程上课：Attend class 上课Miss class 缺课Skip class逃课Syllabus 教学大纲Required textbook 要求的课本Attendance 出勤Grading system 打分体系Class participation 课堂参与杂semester/term 学期quarter小学期course guideline 课程纲要major 主修minor 副修exemption 免修syllabus 教学大纲Professor’s signature 教授的签字（用于注册课程）Course cap课程容量（可以招收的学生数）,openings （可供注册的名额）Take选（课）, drop 退（课）Late registration晚注册Deregistration 注销教师称号professor 教授lecturer = instructor 讲师teaching assistant = TA 助教research assistant = RA 助研counselor, adviser 咨询者，顾问president 大学校长teacher/faculty 教师student's advisor 学生顾问physicist 物理学家mathematician 数学家chemist 化学家historian 历史学家statistician 统计学家作业：assignment 作业homework = coursework = schoolwork = studies 作业lab report 实验报告book report 读书报告project 作业presentation 发言term paper 学期论文（research paper）thesis/essay/dissertation 论文journal 学术期刊social investigation 社会调查survey 调查questionnaire n.调查表, 问卷observation n.观察interview vt.n.采访collect data 收集数据broad (论文等)内容宽泛narrow down (论文等)缩小范围source （写论文的）参考资料critical thinking 评判性思维lack your own ideas缺少自己的想法deadline n.最终期限extension 延期due date/time期限outline n.大纲, 提纲(roadmap) bibliography n书目, 参考书目reference 参考plagiarism n. 抄袭revise v. 修改rewrite v. 重写final draft 完成稿speech n.演讲presentation 演讲，陈述eye contact 目光接触intonation 音调考试：mid-term exam 期中考final exams = finals 期末考cumulative final 总结性考试take-home exam（拿回家的开卷考试，一般有限定的时间）open-book exam 开卷考试subjective test 主观性测试objective test 客观性测试pop quiz 抽查式测验blue book 答题本assessment n估价appraisal n.评价, 估价make up for补考,resit, retake重考grade （mark 、score）分数成绩：perfect grade 优异成绩low grade 低分high mark 高分passing grade 及格分failing grade 不及格分full marks 满分straight A's 全Abe all A's and B's 全是A和BB plus B加A minus A减pass the iexam with flying colors 以优异成绩通过考试graduate with honors 以荣誉毕业diploma, degree, certificate 文凭，学位，证书考试问题：分析成绩低的原因，给出解决办法图书馆：library图书馆librarian图书管理员publication 出版物periodical 期刊magazine 杂志book catalogue 图书目录classified catalogue 分类目录bibliography 参考书目title index 书目索引alphabetic index 按字母顺序排列的索引circulation desk借书处reserved books 馆藏书（只能在图书馆内借阅）library card 借书证overdue fine 过期罚金periodical reading room 期刊阅览室online journal 在线期刊video tape 录像带back issue 过期杂志current issue 近期杂志archive 档案non-fiction 非小说类文学作品science-fiction 科幻小说copier 复印机check out 办理（借、还）手续renew 续借overdue过期interlibrary service 馆际服务部分名称information desk n.服务台delivery/circulation desk借书台shelf n.书架photocopy room复印室return area 还书处students locker 学生存储间reference section 参考书部科研过程HypothesisAlternative hypothesis择一假说Null hypothesis无效假说, 零假说Collect dataSurvey, questionnaire ExperimentInterfere, influence ObservationAnalyze dataInterpret dataAnalysisAnalyticalSubjectSampleTreatment groupNon-treatmentControl group校内工作，课外活动及寻找经济援助：Letter of reference/recommendation CompetitiveBenefit future careerField researchCollect data for papersWaiter, waitress，BabysitterWork at the library Qualification资格, qualified 合格的Resume, CVfinancial aid经济援助Scholarship Fellowship Teaching assistantship 助教奖学金Research assistantship 研究奖学金Grant 助学金Loan 贷款Need-based以需求为基础Merit-based 以优秀为基础Student union 学生会Clubs 俱乐部Membership 成员资格Career service住宿：宿舍：accommodation n.住处, 膳宿residence hall宿舍suite 套间studio 工作室，独立套间village 村落（校内一栋一栋的房子，可以用做宿舍）lounge n.公共大厅（可以用做娱乐）home-stay 在国外住在房东家里的那种roommate同屋者,室友corridor n. 走廊,过道，租房lease n.租借, 租约landlord 房东landlady女房东rent租金tenant 房客patio n.阳台，sliding door n.推拉门single room 单人房twin room 双人房two-bedroom apartmenthouse key 房锁匙床上用品:pillow n.枕头bed linen n. 床上用品sheet n. 被单mattress n.床垫blanket n.毯子towel n.手巾, 毛巾quilt n.棉被电器类electric appliance(instrument; equipment) 电器heater, furnace 加热器，炉子heating unit 暖气片air conditioner 空调设备stove 炉子microwave oven 微波炉washer / dryer 洗衣机/烘干机（laundry 洗衣店）utensil 器皿；用具kitchen utensil 炊具oven 烤箱；烤炉range 煤气灶dishwasher 洗碟机washing machine 洗衣机(hot-water) heater 热水器coffeepot 咖啡壶refrigerator (freezer) 冰箱vacuum cleaner 吸尘器tape player 录音机CD player CD机Laundromat 自动洗衣店maintenance 维修，保养家具类furniture 家具bookshelf 书架bookcase 书柜couch 沙发chest 柜子；橱；箱子dresser (bureau) 梳妆台cabinet (电视机等)机箱；储藏柜；陈列柜cupboard (closet) 碗橱storage wall 壁橱rug 小地毯carpet 地毯curtain 窗帘bathtub 浴缸fixture （房屋）固定装置furnishings 室内陈设日常生活/问题:personalpossessions/property/belongings个人财产get insurance for personal possessions/property/belongs garbage/rubbish/waste n.垃圾dispose v. 处理gas meter煤气表insect n.昆虫burglar n.夜贼leaking/leakage n. 泄漏lost key丢钥匙break in 闯入讲座场景词汇Geology地质学Slide n. 滑坡Landslide n.山体滑坡Mud泥土, soil土壤Earth n. 土Sink v.下沉Ground water 地下水Irrigation n. 灌溉Freeze, froze, frozen v.冷冻Melt v.融化molten Gravity n.重心Aggravate v.加重Lean v.倾斜Slope n.斜坡Steep adj.陡峭Erode v., erosion n.腐蚀Fossil n.化石Dinosaur n.恐龙Sediment, deposit 沉淀物Marble 大理石granite 花岗岩Ore 矿石Stalactite 钟乳石Refine v. 提炼Platinum v. 铂金Seismology 地震学Vibration, tremor, 震动Wave 波动Volcano, volcanic 火山，火山的Volcanic eruption 火山喷发Magnitude 级数Collision n.碰撞Active adj.积极的Dormant adj.休眠的Extinct adj. 熄灭的Magma n.岩浆Lava n.岩浆Erupt v.喷发explode v.爆炸(explosion)boom n.爆炸Blast n.爆炸Avalanche n.雪崩地球科学Earth’s interior 地球的内部Seismic waves地震波Compression 压缩Shear（a deformation of an object in which parallel planes remain parallel but are shifted in a direction parallel to themselves）Slow down减慢速度Reflect 反射Depth深度Density 密度Boundary边界Mantle地幔Crust地壳Core地心Continental plate 大陆板块Tectonic plate (地球表面的)构造板块Continental drift 大陆漂移Layer, strata 层Stratify 分层Crack 裂缝Molten lava 融化的岩浆Climatic shift=Climatic changes气候变化Consistent pattern 统一的，始终一致的Solar energy太阳能Radiate 发射，放射Crude approximation 大概的猜测Speculation猜测Cooling down冷却Mechanism 机制Length of the dayPhysical force 体力Imaginary line虚拟线Artificial reservoir 人工水库LatitudeRedistribute再分配，再分布Spin 快速旋转Minerals 矿物质Diverse 多样的Specimen，Sample样品Abundant 丰富的Glassy像玻璃的Amazon stones天河石Firing vapor 炙热的水蒸汽Wipe out 根除，彻底消灭Mt Everest 珠穆朗玛峰Elevation 海拔，海拔增高Precise measurement精确的测量Global Positioning System全球定位系统Longitude 经度Latitude 维度Alternative sources of energy 可替代资源Gas hydrate气体水合物Trap 困住Flame 火焰Potential 潜在的Model 模式Geological fault地质断层Crack 裂缝seismic gap地震活动空白地带postulate 假设chunk 大块cylinder 圆柱cylindrical 圆柱形的ground tilt measurement地倾斜观测evacuate 撤出sedimentary adj. 沉淀性的accumulate 积累商业Insurance 保险Note 注意Contract合约Verbal agreement口头协议Repay 偿还Interest 利息Merchant 商人Cautious 谨慎的Paramount 极为重要的Manufacture 制造Label 标签Contention 所持观点Inform 告知Cost成本Profit利润loss损失Net净的，gross粗略的Supply and demand供求Supply chain供应链Fluctuation 浮动Recession 衰退Depression 萧条Marketing strategies市场营销策略Survey 调查Surplus 剩余Shipment 运输Distribution 分布Retail 零售Whole sale 批发Franchise特许经营Budget预算哲学Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Theme 主题Logic 逻辑Rhetoric 修辞Fundamental causes 基本原因Principles of the universe 宇宙的原则Perceive 看待，观察Perception 观点Sense 感觉Soul 灵魂spiritElement 组成成分Reasoning 推理Ration理性, rational有理性的Contemplation 沉思，思考Judgment判断Just公正的，justice公正Justify证明, justification 合理的理由Explicit 明确的Ethics道德规范Ethical theory 伦理理论Moral 有道德的Ultimate truth终极真理Universal 普遍的Search for truth 追求真理Vary v.不相同Intrinsic 内部的Extrinsic 外部的Critic 评论家Old-fashioned 过时的Valuable 有价值的Survive 生存，存活Conservative 保守的Liberal 开放的Impractical不实际的Empirical经验主义的Cognitive 认知的Weaken 削弱Diminish （影响力）减小Medieval 中世纪Renaissance 文艺复兴Doctrine教义,主义,学说Idealism 唯心论，理想主义Epistemology n. 认识论Metaphysics形而上学,玄学Reconcile和解,调停天文学astronomy constellation 星座zodiac （星象学的星座）planet 行星sun 恒星Jupiter 木星Pluto 冥王星Saturn 土星Mercury 水星Mars 火星Venus金星Neptune海王星Uranus天王星Ceres 谷物星（the largest asteroid and the first discovered）White dwarf 白矮星Big Dipper 北斗七星Asteroid belt 小行星带Milky Way 银河系Galaxy n.星系orbit v.运行n.轨道rotate v. 转Axis n.轴track n. 轨道outer space外太空gravity n.重力equator n.赤道tropical 热带的brightness n.亮度dimension n.维度distance n. 距离Eclipse (日月食)Wane, diminish v. 逐渐变小Centripetal 向心Centrifugal 离心Nebula 星云(an immense cloud of gas (mainly hydrogen) and dust in interstellar space）Nebulous adj. 星云的Gas 气体(rock, ice, hydrogen, oxygen) Particle 微粒Polar light 极光Astronomical 天文的Astrophysics 天文物理学Big Dipper 北斗七星Black hole 黑洞Celestial天体的Celestial map 天体图Centrifugal force 离心力Chondrite 球粒状陨石Chromosphere太阳的色球层Clockwise 顺时针Cluster 星团，一群星星Comet 彗星Cosmos宇宙,cosmetic宇宙的Cosmology宇宙学Emission 排放物，发射Faint 微弱的Feeble 微弱的Gaseous bodies 气态包Gravitational force 吸引力Greenwich mean time 格林尼治时间High resolution 高清晰度Ignite 引燃Illusive object 幻影物体Image 影响，形象Infinite 无限的Infrared ray 红外射线Interferometer 干扰仪Intergalactic 星系间的International date line 国际日期变更线Interplanetary 星球间的Interstellar星际的Leap year 闰年Light year光年Luminosity光亮度Lunar阴历的，月亮的Massive 巨大的Meteor流星Meteor shower 流星雨Meteorite陨石Meteoroid流星体Molten 融化的Naked eye 裸眼Observatory 天文台Photosphere 光球层Planetarium 天文馆Planetoid 小行星Polestar 北极星Pseudoscience 伪科学Quasar类星体Radiation 辐射Revolution 旋转Rotation 旋转Satellite 卫星Sky atlas天体图Solar corona日冕Space debris 太空垃圾Space shuttle 太空飞船Space suit 太空服Spin 快速旋转Star cluster 星群，星团Stellar 星星的Sunspot 太阳黑子Time difference 时差Time zone 时区表演艺术（舞蹈，电影，音乐etc.）Genre 艺术分类Performing art 表演艺术modern dance piece现代舞concert 音乐会play剧opera歌剧film 电影camera 摄影camera shotanalytical 分析的parallel 平行的ballet芭蕾舞choreographer 舞蹈指导Fine/visual arts 视觉艺术Abstract art抽象艺术landscape风景photography摄影exposure 曝光develop film 冲洗胶卷negative n. 底片portrait(portray v. )肖像, 人像、still life静物sculpture雕塑statue 人物雕像lifelike 逼真的vividanthem 国歌Critic 评论家Criticism 批评，评论Review n.评论Masterpiece 杰作Have aesthetic value 有美学价值Aesthetic appeal 美学吸引力Feature 特点Characteristics 特点Distinct adj.与众不同的Unique 独一无二的Style 风格Technique 技巧Gallery n.画馆Edition n.专辑Release v. 发行Debut n.首映Impressionist 印象主义者Impressionism 印象派Perspective 透视法Angle 角度Press/Publishing house出版社Acclaim v. 盛赞mirage 海市蜃楼prolific 多产Preserve v. 保存Extinct adj.灭绝的，消失的文学Literature 文学Poetry诗歌biography传记autobiography 自传detective stories 侦探小说drama戏剧novel小说Novelist 小说家collection of short stories短篇小说集Allegory寓言Comparative literature比较文学Diary 日记Editorial 社论，重要评论Fiction 小说Aestheticism 唯美Autobiography 自传Descriptive prose 描述散文Fairy tale 童话Futurism 未来派Legend 传说Literary studies 文学研究Narrative prose 叙述性散文Podium 讲台Prose 散文Realism 现实主义School of literature 文学派别Leading character 主要角色Literary criticism 文学评论Literary studies 文学学习Modernism 现代主义Plot 情节Poetry 诗歌Prologue前言Proverb谚语Surrealism 超现实主义美术Art gallery艺廊Calligraphy书法Imitating模仿Landscape painting风景画Oil painting油画Paste粘贴Crayon 蜡笔，粉笔，颜料Pigmentation 颜料Canvas 帆布Wax 蜡Spectrum 光谱Perspective透视画法Poster海报Portrait肖像Model模式，模特mural 壁画Panorama全景Pastel drawing蜡笔画Sketch草图Autograph手稿建筑Architecture建筑学Architect建筑师Architectural style建筑风格Art deco 装饰艺术Art moderneGeometric patterns 几何图形Arch 拱门Castle 城堡Cathedral大教堂Framing结构Lobby n. 大厅(entrance hall) Elevator n. 电梯Façade n. 正面Stairs 楼梯Interior 内部的Exterior 外部的Impressionistic style印象派风格Mosque清真寺Pyramid金字塔Revival 复活Renaissance 文艺复兴Medieval中世纪Byzantine architecture 527 (Sofia)-1520音乐Accompaniment 伴奏Audition 试听，试表演Band music 乐队音乐Chord弦乐，弦Classical music古典音乐Concerto 协奏曲Lullaby 催眠曲Duet 二重奏Harmony 和弦，和谐Rock and roll 摇滚Serenade 小夜曲Solo 独奏Sonata 奏鸣曲Symphony 交响乐Ballad歌谣Folk music 民间音乐Prelude 前奏Epilogue 尾声Score 乐谱Note 音符Notation 乐谱，记号法Chord symbol和弦符号Lyrics 歌词Tempo 节奏Melody 主旋律Rhythm节奏Tune 旋律Conduct 指挥Violin 小提琴Viola 中提琴Cello大提琴Oboe双簧管Clarinet单簧管krummhorn['krʌmhɔ:n]n. 变号(一种古双簧乐器)Harp 竖琴考古anthropologist 人类学家ecological 生态的anthropologist 生态人类学家archaeology 考古学anthropology 人类学morphology 形态学Ancient civilization 古代文明origin 起源originate 起源于ancestor 祖先hominid 人（科）homogeneous 同一种族（种类）的tribe 部落clan 氏族archeologist 考古学家excavation 挖掘excavate (unearth) 挖掘Scoop铲子ruins 遗迹，废墟remains 遗迹，遗骸artifact 手工艺品pottery 陶器(potter)Porcelain瓷器fossil 化石relic 遗物，文物Rock painting 岩石画antique 古物，古董antiquity 古代，古老skull 颅骨Cranial颅骨的Stone Age 石器时代Bronze Age （青）铜器时代Iron Age 铁器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代的Mesolithic 中石器时代的Neolithic 新石器时代的Exhume 挖掘Paleoanthropology Prehistoric史前的Primitive原始的动物微生物Amino acid 氨基酸Antibody 抗体Bacterium 细菌Biological agencyCalcium钙Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Cell细胞Chromosome 染色体Disinfection 消毒Enzymes 酶Fatigue 疲惫Fermentation 发酵Fungus 菌类Gene基因Genetic engineering 基因工程学Glucose 葡萄糖Immunology免疫学Incubation 孵蛋Inflection传染Malaria 疟疾Microbe 微生物Nucleus 细胞核One-celled单细胞的Oxidation氧化Parasitic animal 寄生动物Parasite disease 寄生虫病Parasitology 寄生虫学Pathogen 病菌，病原体Protozoa 原生动物Sanitation 卫生Schistosomiaisis 血吸虫病Starch 淀粉Sterilization 消毒Toxin 毒素Vaccine 疫苗Virus 病毒Yeast 酵母动物living organism 生物bacterium(pl.bacteria) 细菌algae海藻coral珊瑚rodent 啮齿类动物primate 灵长类动物ape 猿chimpanzee n. 黑猩猩gorilla 大猩猩monkey n. 猴子mammal 哺乳类动物dinosaur n.恐龙bat (ecolotion) 蝙蝠（声波定位）snowshoe hare 雪兔子raccoon 浣熊polar bear 北极熊snout (动物的)口鼻部;reptile 爬行类动物snake, cobra眼镜蛇, rattle snake 响尾蛇lizard蜥蜴,snail 蜗牛amphibian adj. 两栖动物crocodile 鳄鱼frog n. 青蛙tadpole 蝌蚪toad 蟾蜍pond 池塘puddle 水坑insect n.昆虫mosquito 蚊子fly 苍蝇cricket 蟋蟀grasshopper 蚱蜢honey beemonarch butterfly 大花蝶large migratory American butterfly having deeporange wings with black and white markings; the larvae feed on milkweed egg 卵larvae 幼虫caterpillar 毛虫pupa/ chrysalis 茧termite n. 白蚁marine adj. 海洋的beaver 狸whale 鲸shark 鲨鱼dolphin 海豚penguin 企鹅predator n. 捕食者prey n. 被捕食者aquatic adj.水生的shrimp 虾lobster 龙虾clam 蚌crab 螃蟹bird, humming birdartery 动脉scale 鳞片claw爪, paw爪子horn 角hormone 荷尔蒙intestine 肠hive 蜂巢pollen n. 花粉pollinate v.授粉hibernate 冬眠migrate v. 迁徙communicate v. 交流camouflage 保护色evolve 进化evolution n. 进化endotherm n.温血动物,恒温动物poikilotherm n. 冷血动物beak 鸟嘴enzymes 酵母secretion(n.) secrete(v.) 分泌pancreas 胰腺odor 气味(还有aroma fragrance scent smell)gland 腺体chromosome 染色体植物botany植物学botanist 植物学家tundra苔原;冻土地带,冻原fungus(pl. fungi ) 菌类laurel 月桂chestnut tree 栗子树root 根branch 枝stem 茎algae(pl. alga) 海藻organism 有机物birch tree (bark) 桦树crops 谷物corn 玉米maize 玉米chlorophyll 叶绿素amino acids 氨基酸protein 蛋白质nitrogen 氮photosynthetic(adj.) photosynthesis(n.) 光合作用lichen 地衣,苔藓squash 南瓜one of a group of large vegetables with solid flesh and hard skins, such as PUMPKIN sbean 豆类植物nectar花蜜flower花floral 花的petal 花瓣bloom 开花blossom 花pollen花粉moss 苔藓herbicide 除草剂herb 草本植物herbivorous 食草的classification 分类hierarchy 级别hazardous 有毒害的Meteorology 气象meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家forecast (predict) 预报climate 气候atmosphere 大气层troposphere 对流层Convection 对流Stratosphere 同温层Barometer 气压计current （气）流vapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp (wet; moist; humid) 潮湿的humidity 湿度moisture 潮湿；水分saturate 饱和absorb 吸收dew 露frost 霜fog (mist) 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水珠condense 浓缩crystal 水晶体downpour (torrential rain) 大雨tempest (storm) 暴风雨drizzle 细雨shower 阵雨hail 冰雹blizzard (snowstorm) 暴风雪avalanche (snowslide) 雪崩precipitation （雨、露、雪等）降水Thunder 雷Lightening 闪电breeze 微风Blast 大风gale 大风whirlwind 旋风Cyclone 旋风，飓风typhoon 台风hurricane 飓风Monsoon 季风Sandstorm沙尘暴Dust storm沙尘暴tornado (twister, cyclone) 龙卷风Tropical depression热带低气压Wind direction 风向Wind velocity 风速Wind scale 风力funnel 漏斗，漏斗云cumulonimbus 积雨云disaster (calamity, catastrophe) 灾难devastation 破坏submerge 淹没overwhelm v. 淹没drought 干旱Avalanche雪崩Balmy 温和的Chilly寒冷的Frigid僵硬的，严格的Heat-wave热浪Tepid adj.微温的环保environmental protection 环境保护environmentally-friendly 环保的preserve v.保护，保存污染：pollute, pollution, pollutant contaminant n.污染物contaminate v.污染ecosystem生态系统ecology n.生态学antiseptic adj.防腐的atmospheric pollution大气污染垃圾: rubbish, garbage, trash, waste, litter 处理: dispose of, burn, bury (landfill), recycle, reduce, reuse,dump回收:glass, paper, water,milk carton牛奶盒, tyre,aluminium cans铝罐,plastic bags, rubbish bags biodegradable packaging可降解包装, throwaway 可丢弃的disposable 可丢弃的discourage v. 不鼓励燃料none-renewable 不可再生的fossil fuels矿石燃料:natural gas, coal, petroleumlimited/finite natural resources 有限的自然资源alternative energy替代能源,replace=substitute v.取代wind power, hydropower水电,solar (lunar) power太阳能,nuclear power核能radioactivity n. 辐射性use up, deplete, exhaust v. 用光，耗尽conserve v. 节省，节约,污染: water pollution, air pollution,soil pollution土壤污染,noise pollutionsoil erosion 土壤侵蚀soil pollution土壤污染stain n.污染，污点，玷污stink v.发出臭味tar n.焦油toxic chemical 有毒的化学物品fume n.烟，气味light pollution日光污染refuse废物sewage污水pesticide n.杀虫剂chemical waste化学废料congest v.使充满危害动物:poaching非法打猎，盗猎,damage natural habitat破坏自然栖息地, rare breed稀有物种,endangered species濒危物种,extinct adj.灭绝(die out, disappear), animal rights activist动物权益保护者, natural reserve(giant panda大熊猫)自然保护区,protect wild life保护野生动物, preserve v.保护disastrous灾难性的, devastation破坏, have disastrous effect on…对。
托福听力词汇完整版
托福听力词汇完整版文稿归稿存档编号：[KKUY-KKIO69-OTM243-OLUI129-G00I-FDQS58-新托福IBT听力场景入学：enrollment/register 登记, 注册opening ceremony n.开业典礼, 仪式commencement ceremony 毕业典礼convocation n.正式会议（可指简单的毕业典礼）orientation meeting开学说明会staff n.全体职员freshman （大学）一年级学生sophomore （大学）二年级学生junior （大学）三年级学生senior （大学）四年级学生tuition fee 费用placement test 开学测试excellent 出色的average 平均的，一般的below average 低于平均水平的，差的结构及称谓: university- president 大学，校长chancellor 名誉校长college 学院science/ arts school 理科/文科学院undergraduate 本科postgraduate /graduate 研究生建筑物buildings:canteen.餐厅/cafeteria.自助餐厅dining hall 食堂administration building 行政大楼wing/annex 配楼teaching building教学楼dormitory n.宿舍auditorium n.会堂, 礼堂=lecture hallassembly n.集合,集会computer lab 计算实验室，机房选课学科major 主修 minor 副修science理科, arts文科, engineering 工科Mathematics 数学physics 物理chemistry 化学biology 生物学（micro-微marin-海洋）geography 地理学electronics 电子学computer science 计算机科学astronomy 天文学electronics engineering 电子工程学botany 植物学psychology 心理学zoology 动物学architecture 建筑学oceanography 海洋学ecology 生态学medical science 医学archaeology 考古学history 历史学linguistic 语言学pedagogy 教育学，教学法anthropology 人类学economics 经济学statistics 统计学accounting 会计学philosophy 哲学课程类型required、 compulsory course 必修课selective/optional course选修课elective course 选修课lecture 讲座seminar 高级研讨性课colloquium n.报告课tutorial 个人辅导课程workshop 专题课程级别Introductory 入门级elementary, fundamental 初级Intermediate, secondary 中级Advanced 高级Prerequisite 先修课程上课：Syllabus 教学大纲Required textbook 要求的课本Attendance 出勤Grading system 打分体系Class participation 课堂参与Otherssemester/term 学期 quarter小学期course guideline 课程纲要exemption 免修Professor’s signature 教授的签字（用于注册课程）Course cap课程容量（可以招收的学生数）openings （可供注册的名额）Take选（课）, drop 退（课）Late registration晚注册Deregistration 注销教师称号professor 教授lecturer = instructor 讲师teaching assistant = TA 助教research assistant = RA 助研counselor, adviser 咨询者，顾问president 大学校长faculty 全体教职员dean 院长coordinator 班主任，协调人tutor 个人辅导supervisor 管理人作业：assignment 作业（lab/book/oral/mix media）report 实验报告project 项目survey 调查presentation 发言term paper 学期论文（research paper）thesis/essay/dissertation 论文journal 学术期刊social investigation 社会调查questionnaire n.调查表, 问卷observation n.观察interview vt.n.采访collect data 收集数据broad (论文等)内容宽泛narrow down (论文等)缩小范围source （写论文的）参考资料critical thinking 评判性思维lack your own ideas缺少自己的想法deadline n.最终期限extension 延期due date/time期限outline n.大纲, 提纲 (roadmap) bibliography n书目, 参考书目reference 参考plagiarism n. 抄袭revise v. 修改rewrite v. 重写final draft 完成稿speech n.演讲presentation 演讲，陈述eye contact 目光接触intonation 音调考试：mid-term exam 期中考final exams = finals 期末考cumulative final 总结性考试take-home exam（拿回家的开卷考试，一般有限定的时间）open-book exam 开卷考试subjective test 主观性测试objective test 客观性测试pop quiz 抽查式测验blue book 答题本assessment n估价appraisal n.评价, 估价make up for补考,resit, retake重考grade （mark 、score）分数成绩：perfect grade 优异成绩low grade 低分high mark 高分passing grade 及格分failing grade 不及格分full marks 满分straight A's 全Abe all A's and B's 全是A和B B plus B加A minus A减pass the exam with flying colors 以优异成绩通过考试graduate with honors 以荣誉毕业diploma, degree, certificate 文凭，学位，证书考试问题：分析成绩低的原因，给出解决办法图书馆：library图书馆librarian图书管理员publication 出版物periodical 期刊magazine 杂志book catalog 图书目录classified catalog 分类目录title index 书目索引alphabetic index 按字母顺序排列的索引circulation desk借书处reserved books 馆藏书（只能在图书馆内借阅）library card 借书证overdue fine 过期罚金periodical reading room 期刊阅览室online journal 在线期刊video tape 录像带back issue 过期杂志current issue 近期杂志archive 档案non-fiction 非小说类文学作品science-fiction 科幻小说copier 复印机check out 办理（借、还）手续renew 续借overdue过期interlibrary service 馆际服务部分名称information desk n.服务台delivery/circulation desk借书台shelf n.书架（vt.）stacks 书架photocopy room复印室return area 还书处students locker 学生存储间reference section 参考书部科研过程Hypothesis 假说Alternative hypothesis择一假说Null hypothesis无效假说, 零假说Collect dataSurvey 调查Questionnaire 调查问卷Experiment 实验Interfere, influence 打扰Observation 观察Analyze data 分析数据Interpret data 翻译数据Analysis 分析Analytical 分析的Subject 主题,科目,受制于…的SampleTreatment group 实验组Control group 实验对照组校内工作，课外活动及寻找经济援助：Letter ofreference/recommendation 推荐信Competitive 竞争的Benefit future careerField research 实地调查研究Collect data for papers Waiter, waitress，Babysitter 临时保姆Work at the library Qualification资格, qualified 合格的Resume, CV 简历financial aid经济援助Scholarship/Fellowship 奖学金Teaching assistantship 助教奖学金Research assistantship 研究奖学金Grant 助学金Loan 贷款Need-based以需求为基础Merit-based 以优秀为基础Student union 学生会Clubs 俱乐部Career service住宿：宿舍：accommodation n.住处, 膳宿residence hall宿舍suite 套间studio 工作室，独立套间village 村落（校内一栋一栋的房子，可以用做宿舍）lounge n.公共大厅（可以用做娱乐）home-stay 在国外住在房东家里的那种roommate同屋者,室友corridor n. 走廊,过道，租房lease n.租借, 租约landlord 房东landlady女房东rent租金tenant 房客patio n.阳台， sliding door n.推拉门single room 单人房twin room 双人房two-bedroom apartmenthouse key 房锁匙床上用品:pillow n.枕头bed linen n. 床上用品sheet n. 被单mattress n.床垫blanket n.毯子towel n.手巾, 毛巾quilt n.棉被电器类electricappliance(instrument;equipment) 电器heater, furnace 加热器，炉子heating unit 暖气片air conditioner 空调设备stove 炉子microwave oven 微波炉washer / dryer 洗衣机/烘干机（laundry 洗衣店）utensil 器皿；用具kitchen utensil 炊具oven 烤箱；烤炉dishwasher 洗碟机washing machine 洗衣机(hot-water) heater 热水器coffeepot 咖啡壶fridge(refrigerator/freezer)冰箱vacuum cleaner 吸尘器tape player 录音机CD player CD机Laundromat 自动洗衣店maintenance 维修，保养家具类furniture 家具bookshelf 书架bookcase 书柜couch 沙发chest 柜子；橱；箱子dresser (bureau) 梳妆台cabinet (电视机等)机箱；储藏柜；陈列柜cupboard (closet) 碗橱storage wall 壁橱rug 小地毯carpet 地毯curtain 窗帘bathtub 浴缸fixture （房屋）固定装置furnishings 室内陈设日常生活/问题:personalpossessions/property/belonging s个人财产get insurance for personal possessions/property/belongs garbage/rubbish/waste n.垃圾dispose v. 处理gas meter煤气表insect n.昆虫burglar n.夜贼leaking/leakage n. 泄漏lost key丢钥匙break in 闯入讲座场景词汇Geology地质学Slide n. 滑坡Landslide n.山体滑坡Mud泥土, soil土壤Earth n. 土Sink v.下沉Ground water 地下水Irrigation n. 灌溉Freeze, froze, frozen v.冷冻Melt v.融化 moltenGravity n.重心Aggravate v.加重Lean v.倾斜Slope n.斜坡Steep adj.陡峭Erode v., erosion n.腐蚀Fossil n.化石Dinosaur n.恐龙Sediment, deposit 沉淀物Marble 大理石granite 花岗岩Ore 矿石Stalactite 钟乳石Refine v. 提炼Platinum v. 铂金Seismology 地震学Vibration, tremor, 震动Wave 波动Volcano, volcanic 火山，火山的Volcanic eruption 火山喷发Magnitude 级数Collision n.碰撞Active adj.积极的Dormant adj.休眠的Extinct adj. 熄灭的Magma n.岩浆Lava n.岩浆Erupt v.喷发explode v.爆炸 (explosion) boom n.爆炸Blast n.爆炸Avalanche n.雪崩地球科学Earth’s interior 地球的内部Seismic waves地震波Compression 压缩Shear （a deformation of an object in which parallel planes remain parallel but are shifted in a directionparallel to themselves）Slow down减慢速度Reflect 反射Depth深度Density 密度Boundary边界Mantle地幔Crust地壳Core地心Continental plate 大陆板块Tectonic plate (地球表面的)构造板块Continental drift 大陆漂移Layer, strata 层Stratify 分层Crack 裂缝Molten lava 融化的岩浆Climatic shift=Climatic changes气候变化Consistent pattern 统一的，始终一致的Solar energy太阳能Radiate 发射，放射Crude approximation 大概的猜测Speculation猜测Cooling down冷却Mechanism 机制Length of the dayPhysical force 体力Imaginary line虚拟线Artificial reservoir 人工水库LatitudeRedistribute再分配，再分布Spin 快速旋转Minerals 矿物质Diverse 多样的Specimen，Sample样品Abundant 丰富的Glassy像玻璃的Amazon stones天河石Firing vapor 炙热的水蒸汽Wipe out 根除，彻底消灭Mt Everest 珠穆朗玛峰Elevation 海拔，海拔增高Precise measurement精确的测量Global Positioning System全球定位系统Longitude 经度Latitude 维度Alternative sources of energy 可替代资源Gas hydrate气体水合物Trap 困住Flame 火焰Potential 潜在的Model 模式Geological fault地质断层Crack 裂缝seismic gap地震活动空白地带postulate 假设chunk 大块cylinder 圆柱cylindrical 圆柱形的ground tilt measurement地倾斜观测evacuate 撤出sedimentary adj. 沉淀性的accumulate 积累商业Insurance 保险Note 注意Contract合约Verbal agreement口头协议Repay 偿还Interest 利息Merchant 商人Cautious 谨慎的Paramount 极为重要的Manufacture 制造Label 标签Contention 所持观点Inform 告知Cost成本Profit利润loss损失Net净的，gross粗略的Supply and demand供求Supply chain供应链Fluctuation 浮动Recession 衰退Depression 萧条Marketing strategies市场营销策略Survey 调查Surplus 剩余Shipment 运输Distribution 分布Retail 零售Whole sale 批发Franchise特许经营Budget预算哲学Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Theme 主题Logic 逻辑Rhetoric 修辞Fundamental causes 基本原因Principles of the universe 宇宙的原则Perceive 看待，观察Perception 观点Sense 感觉Soul 灵魂spiritElement 组成成分Reasoning 推理Ration理性, rational有理性的Contemplation 沉思，思考Judgment判断Just公正的，justice公正Justify证明, justification 合理的理由Explicit 明确的Ethics道德规范Ethical theory 伦理理论Moral 有道德的Ultimate truth终极真理Universal 普遍的Search for truth 追求真理Vary v.不相同Intrinsic 内部的Extrinsic 外部的Critic 评论家Old-fashioned 过时的Valuable 有价值的Survive 生存，存活Conservative 保守的Liberal 开放的Impractical不实际的Empirical经验主义的Cognitive 认知的Weaken 削弱Diminish （影响力）减小Medieval 中世纪Renaissance 文艺复兴Doctrine教义,主义,学说Idealism 唯心论，理想主义Epistemology n. 认识论Metaphysics形而上学,玄学Reconcile和解,调停天文学astronomy constellation 星座zodiac （星象学的星座）planet 行星sun 恒星Jupiter 木星Pluto 冥王星Saturn 土星Mercury 水星Mars 火星Venus金星Neptune海王星Uranus天王星Ceres 谷物星（the largest asteroid and the first discovered）White dwarf 白矮星Big Dipper 北斗七星Asteroid belt 小行星带Milky Way 银河系Galaxy n.星系orbit v.运行n.轨道rotate v. 转Axis n.轴track n. 轨道outer space外太空gravity n.重力equator n.赤道tropical 热带的brightness n.亮度dimension n.维度distance n. 距离Eclipse (日月食)Wane, diminish v. 逐渐变小Centripetal 向心Centrifugal 离心Nebula 星云(an immense cloud of gas (mainly hydrogen) and dust in interstellar space）Nebulous adj. 星云的Gas 气体 (rock, ice, hydrogen, oxygen)Particle 微粒Polar light 极光Astronomical 天文的Astrophysics 天文物理学Big Dipper 北斗七星Black hole 黑洞Celestial天体的Celestial map 天体图Centrifugal force 离心力Chondrite 球粒状陨石Chromosphere太阳的色球层Clockwise 顺时针Cluster 星团，一群星星Comet 彗星Cosmos宇宙,cosmetic宇宙的Cosmology宇宙学Emission 排放物，发射Faint 微弱的Feeble 微弱的Gaseous bodies 气态包Gravitational force 吸引力Greenwich mean time 格林尼治时间High resolution 高清晰度Ignite 引燃Illusive object 幻影物体Image 影响，形象Infinite 无限的Infrared ray 红外射线Interferometer 干扰仪Intergalactic 星系间的International date line 国际日期变更线Interplanetary 星球间的Interstellar星际的Leap year 闰年Light year光年Luminosity光亮度Lunar阴历的，月亮的Massive 巨大的Meteor流星Meteor shower 流星雨Meteorite陨石Meteoroid流星体Molten 融化的Naked eye 裸眼Observatory 天文台Photosphere 光球层Planetarium 天文馆Planetoid 小行星Polestar 北极星Pseudoscience 伪科学Quasar类星体Radiation 辐射Revolution 旋转Rotation 旋转Satellite 卫星Sky atlas天体图Solar corona日冕Space debris 太空垃圾Space shuttle 太空飞船Space suit 太空服Spin 快速旋转Star cluster 星群，星团Stellar 星星的Sunspot 太阳黑子Time difference 时差Time zone 时区表演艺术（舞蹈，电影，音乐etc.）Genre 艺术分类Performing art 表演艺术modern dance piece现代舞concert 音乐会play剧opera歌剧film 电影camera 摄影camera shotanalytical 分析的parallel 平行的ballet芭蕾舞choreographer 舞蹈指导Fine/visual arts 视觉艺术Abstract art抽象艺术landscape风景photography摄影exposure 曝光develop film 冲洗胶卷negative n. 底片portrait(portray v. )肖像, 人像、still life静物sculpture雕塑statue 人物雕像lifelike 逼真的vivid anthem 国歌Critic 评论家Criticism 批评，评论Review n.评论Masterpiece 杰作Have aesthetic value 有美学价值Aesthetic appeal 美学吸引力Feature 特点Characteristics 特点Distinct adj.与众不同的Unique 独一无二的Style 风格Technique 技巧Gallery n.画馆Edition n.专辑Release v. 发行Debut n.首映Impressionist 印象主义者Impressionism 印象派Perspective 透视法Angle 角度Press/Publishing house出版社Acclaim v. 盛赞mirage 海市蜃楼prolific 多产Preserve v. 保存Extinct adj.灭绝的，消失的文学Literature 文学Poetry诗歌biography传记autobiography 自传detective stories 侦探小说drama戏剧novel小说Novelist 小说家collection of short stories短篇小说集Allegory寓言Comparative literature比较文学Diary 日记Editorial 社论，重要评论Fiction 小说Aestheticism 唯美Autobiography 自传Descriptive prose 描述散文Fairy tale 童话Futurism 未来派Legend 传说Literary studies 文学研究Narrative prose 叙述性散文Podium 讲台Prose 散文Realism 现实主义School of literature 文学派别Leading character 主要角色Literary criticism 文学评论Literary studies 文学学习Modernism 现代主义Plot 情节Poetry 诗歌Prologue前言Proverb谚语Surrealism 超现实主义美术Art gallery艺廊Calligraphy书法Imitating模仿Landscape painting风景画Oil painting油画Paste粘贴Crayon 蜡笔，粉笔，颜料Pigmentation 颜料Canvas 帆布Wax 蜡Spectrum 光谱Perspective透视画法Poster海报Portrait肖像Model模式，模特mural 壁画Panorama全景Pastel drawing蜡笔画Sketch草图Autograph手稿建筑Architecture建筑学Architect建筑师Architectural style建筑风格Art deco 装饰艺术Art moderneGeometric patterns 几何图形Arch 拱门Castle 城堡Cathedral大教堂Framing结构Lobby n. 大厅(entrance hall) Elevator n. 电梯Fa?ade n. 正面Stairs 楼梯Interior 内部的Exterior 外部的Impressionistic style印象派风格Mosque清真寺Pyramid金字塔Revival 复活Renaissance 文艺复兴Medieval中世纪527 (Sofia)-1520音乐Accompaniment 伴奏Audition 试听，试表演Band music 乐队音乐Chord弦乐，弦Classical music古典音乐Concerto 协奏曲Lullaby 催眠曲Duet 二重奏Harmony 和弦，和谐Rock and roll 摇滚Serenade 小夜曲Solo 独奏Sonata 奏鸣曲Symphony 交响乐Ballad歌谣Folk music 民间音乐Prelude 前奏Epilogue 尾声Score 乐谱Note 音符Notation 乐谱，记号法Chord symbol和弦符号Lyrics 歌词Tempo 节奏Melody 主旋律Rhythm节奏Tune 旋律Conduct 指挥Violin 小提琴Viola 中提琴Cello大提琴Oboe双簧管Clarinet单簧管krummhorn['kr?mh?:n]n. 变号(一种古双簧乐器)Harp 竖琴考古anthropologist 人类学家ecological 生态的anthropologist 生态人类学家archaeology 考古学anthropology 人类学morphology 形态学Ancient civilization 古代文明origin 起源originate 起源于ancestor 祖先hominid 人（科）homogeneous 同一种族（种类）的tribe 部落clan 氏族archeologist 考古学家excavation 挖掘excavate (unearth) 挖掘Scoop铲子ruins 遗迹，废墟remains 遗迹，遗骸artifact 手工艺品pottery 陶器 (potter) Porcelain瓷器fossil 化石relic 遗物，文物Rock painting 岩石画antique 古物，古董antiquity 古代，古老skull 颅骨Cranial颅骨的Stone Age 石器时代Bronze Age （青）铜器时代Iron Age 铁器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代的Mesolithic 中石器时代的Neolithic 新石器时代的Exhume 挖掘Paleoanthropology Prehistoric史前的Primitive原始的动物微生物Amino acid 氨基酸Antibody 抗体Bacterium 细菌Biological agency Calcium钙Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Cell细胞Chromosome 染色体Disinfection 消毒Enzymes 酶Fatigue 疲惫Fermentation 发酵Fungus 菌类Gene基因Genetic engineering 基因工程学Glucose 葡萄糖Immunology免疫学Incubation 孵蛋Inflection传染Malaria 疟疾Microbe 微生物Nucleus 细胞核One-celled单细胞的Oxidation氧化Parasitic animal 寄生动物Parasite disease 寄生虫病Parasitology 寄生虫学Pathogen 病菌，病原体Protozoa 原生动物Sanitation 卫生Schistosomiaisis 血吸虫病Starch 淀粉Sterilization 消毒Toxin 毒素Vaccine 疫苗Virus 病毒Yeast 酵母动物living organism 生物bacterium(pl.bacteria) 细菌algae海藻coral珊瑚rodent 啮齿类动物primate 灵长类动物ape 猿chimpanzee n. 黑猩猩gorilla 大猩猩monkey n. 猴子mammal 哺乳类动物dinosaur n.恐龙bat (ecolotion) 蝙蝠（声波定位）snowshoe hare 雪兔子raccoon 浣熊polar bear 北极熊snout (动物的)口鼻部;reptile 爬行类动物snake, cobra眼镜蛇, rattle snake 响尾蛇lizard蜥蜴,snail 蜗牛amphibian adj. 两栖动物crocodile 鳄鱼frog n. 青蛙tadpole 蝌蚪toad 蟾蜍pond 池塘puddle 水坑insect n.昆虫mosquito 蚊子fly 苍蝇cricket 蟋蟀grasshopper 蚱蜢honey beemonarch butterfly 大花蝶large migratory American butterfly having deep orange wings with black and white markings; the larvae feed on milkweedegg 卵larvae 幼虫caterpillar 毛虫pupa/ chrysalis 茧termite n. 白蚁marine adj. 海洋的beaver 狸whale 鲸shark 鲨鱼dolphin 海豚penguin 企鹅predator n. 捕食者prey n. 被捕食者aquatic adj.水生的shrimp 虾lobster 龙虾clam 蚌crab 螃蟹bird, humming birdartery 动脉scale 鳞片claw爪 , paw爪子horn 角hormone 荷尔蒙intestine 肠hive 蜂巢pollen n. 花粉pollinate v.授粉hibernate 冬眠migrate v. 迁徙communicate v. 交流保护色evolve 进化evolution n. 进化endotherm n.温血动物,恒温动物poikilotherm n. 冷血动物beak 鸟嘴enzymes 酵母secretion(n.) secrete(v.) 分泌pancreas 胰腺odor 气味(还有aroma fragrance scent smell)gland 腺体chromosome 染色体植物botany植物学botanist 植物学家tundra苔原;冻土地带,冻原fungus(pl. fungi ) 菌类laurel 月桂chestnut tree 栗子树root 根branch 枝stem 茎algae(pl. alga) 海藻organism 有机物birch tree (bark) 桦树crops 谷物corn 玉米maize 玉米chlorophyll 叶绿素amino acids 氨基酸protein 蛋白质nitrogen 氮photosynthetic(adj.) photosynthesis(n.) 光合作用lichen 地衣,苔藓squash 南瓜one of a group of large vegetables with solid flesh and hard skins, such as PUMPKIN sbean 豆类植物nectar花蜜flower花floral 花的petal 花瓣bloom 开花blossom 花pollen花粉moss 苔藓herbicide 除草剂herb 草本植物herbivorous 食草的classification 分类hierarchy 级别hazardous 有毒害的Meteorology 气象meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家forecast (predict) 预报climate 气候atmosphere 大气层troposphere 对流层Convection 对流Stratosphere 同温层Barometer 气压计current （气）流vapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp (wet; moist; humid) 潮湿的humidity 湿度moisture 潮湿；水分saturate 饱和absorb 吸收dew 露frost 霜fog (mist) 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水珠condense 浓缩crystal 水晶体downpour (torrential rain) 大雨tempest (storm) 暴风雨drizzle 细雨shower 阵雨hail 冰雹blizzard (snowstorm) 暴风雪avalanche (snowslide) 雪崩precipitation （雨、露、雪等）降水Thunder 雷Lightening 闪电breeze 微风Blast 大风gale 大风whirlwind 旋风Cyclone 旋风，飓风typhoon 台风hurricane 飓风Monsoon 季风Sandstorm沙尘暴Dust storm沙尘暴tornado (twister, cyclone) 龙卷风Tropical depression热带低气压Wind direction 风向Wind velocity 风速Wind scale 风力funnel 漏斗，漏斗云cumulonimbus 积雨云disaster (calamity, catastrophe) 灾难devastation 破坏submerge 淹没overwhelm v. 淹没drought 干旱Avalanche雪崩Balmy 温和的Chilly寒冷的Frigid僵硬的，严格的Heat-wave热浪Tepid adj.微温的环保environmental protection 环境保护environmentally-friendly 环保的preserve v.保护，保存污染：pollute, pollution, pollutant contaminant n.污染物contaminate v.污染ecosystem生态系统ecology n.生态学antiseptic adj.防腐的atmospheric pollution大气污染垃圾: rubbish, garbage, trash, waste, litter处理: dispose of, burn, bury (landfill),recycle, reduce, reuse,dump 回收:glass, paper, water, milk carton牛奶盒, tyre, aluminium cans铝罐,plastic bags, rubbish bags biodegradable packaging可降解包装,throwaway 可丢弃的disposable 可丢弃的discourage v. 不鼓励燃料none-renewable 不可再生的fossil fuels矿石燃料:natural gas, coal, petroleum limited/finite natural resources 有限的自然资源alternative energy替代能源, replace=substitute v.取代wind power, hydropower水电, solar (lunar) power太阳能, nuclear power核能radioactivity n. 辐射性use up, deplete, exhaust v. 用光，耗尽conserve v. 节省，节约,污染: water pollution, air pollution,soil pollution土壤污染,noise pollutionsoil erosion 土壤侵蚀soil pollution土壤污染stain n.污染，污点，玷污stink v.发出臭味tar n.焦油toxic chemical 有毒的化学物品fume n.烟，气味light pollution日光污染refuse废物sewage污水pesticide n.杀虫剂chemical waste化学废料congest v.使充满危害动物:poaching非法打猎，盗猎, damage natural habitat破坏自然栖息地,rare breed稀有物种, endangered species濒危物种, extinct adj.灭绝 (die out, disappear),animal rights activist动物权益保护者 ,natural reserve(giant panda大熊猫)自然保护区,protect wild life保护野生动物, preserve v.保护disastrous灾难性的,devastation破坏,have disastrous effect on…对。
托福听力归类词汇
托福听力归类词汇Multiply:1.历年TOEFL听力最常考的衣类场景之特色词汇汇编：1)服装种类：名词结构类clothing 衣服总称costume 传统服装;戏服fabric(textile) 织物;织品wash-and-wear fabric 免烫织物suit 一套男(女)服tie 领带vest 背心jacket 茄克衫cloak 披风;斗篷T-shirt 短袖圆领汗衫(运动衫)pants(trousers) 裤子;长裤overalls 工装裤jeans 牛仔裤uniform 制服leisurewear 家常便服underwear (undergarment) 内衣stockings 长统袜down jacket 羽绒服sweater 毛衣gloves 手套mitten 无指手套scarf 围巾sandals 凉鞋slippers 拖鞋boots 皮靴sneakers = gym shoes 运动鞋running shoes 跑步鞋jogging shoes 慢跑鞋tailor 裁缝clothing store 服装店形容词结构类formal = spiffy 正式的casual 休闲的navy blue 海军蓝的dark blue 深蓝的solid orange 纯黄色的large 大号的medium 中号的small 小号的tight 紧的loose = baggy 宽松的2)装饰品ornament(adornment; decoration) 装饰品accessory 附件;(妇女)装饰品jewelry 珠宝necklace 项链bracelet 手镯ivory 象牙pearl 珍珠brooch 胸针;领针ring 戒指earring 耳环souvenir(reminder, token) 纪念品3)化妆品makeup(cosmetic) 化妆品perfume 香水lipstick 口红powder 粉cream 脸油;护肤霜razor 剃刀shampoo 洗发剂spray 喷剂;喷雾剂polish (指甲、鞋)油shave 刮胡子(毛发)4)面料图案wool 羊毛：毛线cotton 棉制harsh chemicals 刺激性化学物质polka dot 带圆点的striped 带条纹的plaid 带格子的solid 纯色的natural 自然的pure 纯的5)编织类knitting 编结;针织sewing 缝纫needlework 针线活stitch 一针;针脚seam 线缝lining 衬里Multiply:2.历年TOEFL听力最常考的食类场景之特色词汇汇编：1)咖啡类coffee 咖啡black coffee 不加伴侣的咖啡white coffee 加伴侣的咖啡(一般加sugar, milk, or cream三种) gourmet coffee 美食家咖啡instant coffee 速溶咖啡flavor 咖啡尝起来的味道aroma 咖啡闻起来的香味coffee pot = coffee maker 咖啡壶coffee set = coffee service 做咖啡的全套器具microwave oven 微波炉caffeine 咖啡因coffee break 喝咖啡时的休息时间2)乳品饮料类drink=beverage 饮料water 水mineral water 矿泉水natural spring water 天然泉水orange juice 橙汁lemonade 柠檬汁cocktail 鸡尾酒bar 酒吧wine 葡萄酒liquor 烈性酒alcoholic 含酒精的dairy 奶制品butter 黄油cheese 奶酪cream 奶油ice cream 冰淇淋yogurt 酸奶yeast (leaven; ferment) (名词)酵母;(动词)发酵3)素食类vegetarian 素食cereal(grain) 谷类事物flour 面粉bread 面包toast 土司面包bagel 一种欧式面包doughnut=donut 甜面包圈pastry 面点心fruit 水果salad 色拉oatmeal 燕麦片potato chips 薯片hamburger 汉堡hot dog 热狗cake 蛋糕4)荤食类meat 荤食beef 牛肉(beef) steak 牛排;鱼排ground beef 绞牛肉;牛肉酱pork 猪肉mutton 羊肉poultry 家禽sea food 海味fried egg(sunny-side up ;over) 荷包蛋(单煎一面;煎两面) scrambled egg 炒鸡蛋ham and eggs (bacon; sausage) 火腿蛋(熏咸肉;香肠) 5)饮食评价类名词结构类nutrient 营养(成分)fat 脂肪protein 蛋白质vitamin 维生素calorie 卡(路里)nutrition 营养dietitian 营养学家health food (green foodstuff) 保健食品(绿色食品) convenience food 方便食品形容词结构类nourishing (nutritious) 有营养的malnourished 营养不良的edible 可食用的sour 酸的sweet 甜的bitter 苦的spicy = hot 辣的salty 咸的bland 无味儿的;淡的tangy 味道浓的awful 味道糟糕的hit the spot = out of this world = delicious好吃的rare (肉)生的;嫩的medium (肉)中等程度的，适中的well-done (肉)熟透的overdone (肉)过老的burnt 烧焦的canned 罐装的fresh 新鲜的6)烹调类名词结构类cuisine 烹调recipe 食谱;配方spice(seasoning) 香料;调味品spread 涂抹食品的酱dressing 填馅;调料gourmet 美食家connoisseur 鉴赏家condiment 调味品动词结构类to bake 烘(糕点等)to roast 烤(肉等)to barbecue 烧烤to broil = grill = roast (在烤架等上面)烤to toast 烤(面包)to stew (simmer) 炖;焖to boil 煮7)付帐类to pick up the bill = to foot the bill 付帐to be on sb. = to be one’s dollar (buck) 由某人请客to take care of the bill 请客to treat sb. 请某人的客to split the bill 各付各的to split the expense 各付各的to go fifty fifty 各付各的to share the expense 各付各的8)饭店类restaurant 饭店coffee shop 咖啡馆;小吃店cafeteria 自助餐馆menu 菜谱cook 厨师bakery 面包店kitchen 厨房appetizer 开胃品dessert 甜食;点心snack = refreshments小吃;茶点speciality 特色菜肴,特产menu 菜单a course 一道菜waiter (waitress) 侍者chef 厨师tableware 餐具banquet 宴会paper napkin 餐巾纸be stuffed 吃饱work up an appetite 促进食欲on a diet 节食grab a snack = have a bite 吃点小吃或点心Multiply:1)宿舍类mess 乱七八糟mess up 搞得乱七八糟messy 乱的chaotic 乱的spacious = roomy 宽敞的cramped 拥挤的tiny 狭小的at sixes and sevens 乱七八糟的2)噪音类traffic 交通(噪音来源)roommate 室友(噪音来源)neighbor 邻居(噪音来源)construction field 建筑工地(噪音来源)drill 钻孔(噪音来源)drive sb. crazy/mad/banana/nuts/insane 把某人逼疯(噪音影响) drive sb. out of one’s mind/senses 把某人逼疯(噪音影响) drive sb. up the wall 把某人逼疯(噪音影响)get on one’s nerves 惹人烦(噪音影响)soundproof 隔音(噪音解决)ask for dorm supervisors 求助宿舍管理员(噪音解决) turn down 降低音量(噪音解决)3)旅馆类reception desk (旅馆的)接待处service counter 服务台lounge 休息厅double room 双人间baggage terminal 行李房attendant (宾馆)服务员check in 办理住宿登记手续check out 结帐离开旅馆resident, tenant居住者security 安全，保安4)租房类动词结构类to maintain(in good repair, condition) 保持，维护to repair, to fix 修理to replace 替换to complain 抱怨，投诉to damage 破坏to clog, to be clogged, blocked 堵塞名词结构类landlord 房东renter, tenant 房客responsibility 责任deposit 定金lease, lease agreement = rental agreement 租赁合同，租赁协议landlord, manager 房东，管理员property 财产fee, charge 费用appliances 装置，用具plumbing 管件，管子stain, spot 污点electrical outlet = wall socket = plug 电源插座faucet 水龙头toilet 洗手间maintenance man, superintendent(“super”) 维修工监管人wiring 配线，接线complaint 投诉，抱怨形容词结构类damaged, broken 被破坏的normal 正常的shabby, worn 破旧的spotted, stained 有污点的，被弄脏的fresh, new 新的rusty, corroded 生锈的，腐蚀的Multiply:7.历年TOEFL听力最常考的娱乐类场景之特色词汇汇编：1)剧院类名词结构类drama club 剧社aisle seat 过道两边的座位balcony 楼上包厢的座位orchestra section 前排的座位(价位高)screen 屏幕box office 售票处ticket line 排队买票的队伍student card (ID) 学生证student discount 学生折扣standing ovation 起立鼓掌lines 台词rehearsal 排练;彩排ballet 芭蕾舞ballerina 芭蕾舞演员形容词结构类fantastic /awesome /amazing /gorgeous /marvelous /fabulous / magnificent /fascinating 精彩绝伦的packed 人满为患的2)音乐类instrument 乐器string 弦bow 弓violin (fiddle) 小提琴cello 大提琴wind (instrument) 管乐器flute 长笛whistle 口笛;口哨clarinet 黑管;单簧管saxophone 萨克斯管horn(French horn) (法国)号trumpet 喇叭drum 鼓shake 摇keyboard 键盘piano 钢琴pipe organ 管风琴band 管乐队university band 校乐队orchestra 管弦乐队philharmonic 爱乐交响乐团music 音乐a piece of music 一支曲子country music 乡村音乐rock’n’roll (rock and roll) 摇滚乐rap 说唱jazz 爵士乐classical music 古典乐folk music 民族音乐pop music 流行乐pop rock 流行摇滚symphony 交响乐mainstream music 主流音乐alternative music 非主流音乐musician 音乐家concert 音乐会concert hall 音乐厅solo 独唱;独奏soloist 独唱者;独奏者pianist 钢琴家violinist 小提琴家conductor 指挥chorus (unison) 合唱;合唱队choir 唱诗班duet 二重唱;二重奏trio 三重唱;三重奏audition 参加试听;面试3)旅游类动词结构类to travel 旅行to make (a reservation) 预定to reserve = to book 预定to inform 告知to arrive 到达to depart 离开to confirm 确认to list 列表to schedule 制定日程to pack 打(行李)，整(装)to refund 归还to check 托运(行李)名词结构类travel agency/agent 旅行社，旅行代理人tourist 游客transportation 交通representative 代表destination 目的地hotel/motel 饭店taxi, cab 出租车bus 公共汽车train 火车airplane 飞机route 路线carry-on luggage 随身携带的行李形容词结构类vacant 空的economy 经济的first-class头等的round-trip 往返的convenient 方便的4)报纸类newsletter 简报newsstand 报摊journal 定期刊物school newspaper 校报special issue 特刊sports section 体育版classified ads section 分类广告版help-wanted section 招工版editorial section 社论版headline 头条editor 编辑cover (动词)报道5)影视类television 电视cinema 电影院film = movie 电影subscription television 收费电视close-circuit television 闭路电视direct-broadcast satellite(DBS) system 卫星直播telecast (动词)电视广播;(名词)电视广播节目live 现场直播relay 转播documentary 记录片TV special 专题片comedy 喜剧片tragedy 悲剧片sitcom 情景喜剧(如“成长的烦恼”，“朋友”等) channel eight 八频道remote control 遥控器cable TV system 有线电视系统plot 情节6)摄影类photographer 摄影师photo album 相集take pictures 拍照a roll of film 一卷胶卷develop the film 冲洗胶卷under exposed 爆光不足over exposed 过度爆光shutter 快门flashlight 闪光灯lens 透镜;镜头enlargement 放大的照片blurry 模糊的out of focus 未对好焦距photo studio 照相馆7)展览类art museum 艺术博物馆gallery 美术馆auto show 汽车展exhibit 展览品exhibition 展览会artist 艺术家painter 画家abstract painting 抽象画landscape painting 风景画poster 装饰画water color 水彩画painting bush 画笔frame 画框sculpture 雕塑Multiply:8.历年TOEFL听力最常考的运动类场景之特色词汇汇编：1)项目赛事类soccer 英式足球kick 踢goal 射门得分block 封网hold 持球goal keeper 守门员football field 足球场baseball 棒球bat 球棒pitcher 投手batter 击球员base 垒run 跑垒得分baseball pitch 棒球场tennis 网球tennis shoes 网球鞋racket 网球拍singles 单打doubles 双打toss 掷(钱币等)决定谁先发球game 一局set 一盘tennis court 网球场serve 发球backhand 反手球forehand 正手球restring the racket 给球拍重新上弦track and field 田径event 比赛项目race 赛跑track 跑道stadium 体育场marathon 马拉松jump 跳远(高)triple jump 三级跳high jump 跳高gymnastics 体操rhythmic gymnastics 艺术体操floor exercise 自由体操swimming 游泳stroke 游泳姿势freestyle 自由泳breaststroke 蛙泳backstroke 仰泳butterfly 蝶泳jogging 慢跑dive 跳水boxing 拳击cycling 自行车运动football 美式橄榄球volleyball 排球ice-hockey 冰球field hockey 曲棍球aerobics 体操hiking 徒步旅行golf 高尔夫球(golf course 高尔夫球场) mountain climbing 登山camping 露营chess 象棋bridge 桥牌game (match) 比赛Olympic Games (Olympics) 奥林匹克运动会contest 竞赛;对抗赛contestant 参赛人competitor 竞争者championships 锦标赛playoff 季后赛mid-Atlantic championship 中大西洋锦标赛tournament 比赛;竞赛champion (title; first place) 冠军runner-up(second place) 亚军prize 奖品trophy (奖杯等)奖品;胜利纪念品medal 奖章stadium 体育场gym 体育馆race 比赛participate (enter) 参加participant (entrant) 参加者2)受伤类break/ twist one’s ankle 扭了脚踝strain one’s shoulder 扭伤肩膀hurt/ injure / wound 受伤swelling 肿swollen 肿的go down 消肿black and blue 青一块紫一块be on crutches 拄拐cut, wound 伤口bandage 绷带fracture, broken bone 骨折stitches 缝针3)其它sportsmanship 运动员品格(风度)fair play 光明磊落;按规则进行的比赛teamwork 全队配合;团队精神athletic (vigorous; muscular) 强壮的;敏捷的alert 机警的;敏捷的agility 敏捷;灵活flexibility 灵活性courage 勇气stamina(endurance) 耐力;持久力coordination 协调strategy 战略;策略tactics 战术;手段Multiply:9.历年TOEFL听力最常考的其它类场景之特色词汇汇编：1)邮局类动词结构类to send, to mail 邮寄to receive, to get 收到to register 登记to sign for 为……签字to deliver 递送，交付to pick up a package 提取包裹;领取to stamp(an envelope) 贴邮票to seal(an envelope) 封信封口名词结构类post office 邮局ordinary (surface) letter 平信registered letter 挂号信air mail 航空邮件postcard 明信片postage 邮费邮资commemorative stamps 纪念邮票sticker 背面有粘胶的标签(或封口邮票) special delivery 专送函insured package 报价包裹package 包裹post office box = mailbox 邮筒mail delivery 邮递postal carrier, mail carrier 邮递员postage 邮资insurance 保险，保险registered 被挂号的，已注册的，已登记的insured 被保险的stamped 贴上邮票的express 急速的，特殊的overweight 超重2)理发类cut 剪发trim 修剪perm 烫发curly hair 卷发straight hair 直发barber 理发师stylist / hair-dresser发型师hairstyle 发型sides 两边的头发bangs 刘海top 头顶的头发shampoo 洗发香波3)修理类名词结构类plumber 管道工carpenter 木工electrician 电工repairman = repairperson 修理工stuck (门或抽屉)卡住的blocked (水槽等)堵住的loose (百叶窗等)松了leaking (水龙头等)漏了broken (打字机或网球拍等)坏了4)银行类动词结构类to open (an account) 开户to deposit, to make a deposit 存款to withdraw, to make a withdrawal 取款to cash(a check) 兑现支票to overdraw (the checking account) 透支，退票to earn(interest), to pay (interest) 得到利息，支付利息to endorse 背书名词结构类bank 银行checking account 活期存款帐户savings account 储蓄存款帐户passbook (银行)存折deposit 存款check(s) 支票cash 现金cashier 收银员teller 出纳员accountant 会计师signature 签名traveler’s check 旅行支票automatic teller machine (ATM) 自动取款机interest 利息interest rate 利率identification 确认身份receipt 收据currency 通货货币bond 债券full refund 全额偿还withdraw 取出repay 偿还close one’s account 结清某人的帐户bill 票面change 零钱nickel 五分dime 角half-dollar 五角coin 硬币dollar=buck 美元5)天气类名词结构类weather forecast 天气预报weather man 天气预报员humidity 湿度heavy rain 大雨light rain 小雨downpour 倾盆大雨shower 阵雨heavy snow 大雪snowstorm 暴风雪breeze 微风wind 阵风thunderstorm 雷暴hail 冰雹动词结构类keep up = hold up 持续下去clear up 放晴let up = stop (雨)停warm up 变暖cool down 变冷形容词结构类sunny 晴朗的foggy 起雾的rainy 下雨的wet 湿的snowy 下雪的cloudy 多云的windy 起风的breezy 有微风的gusty 刮大风的icy / freezing / chilly / ice cold / frigid 寒冷的stuffy 闷的super / burning / blazing hot 酷暑unbearable / scorcher hot 难以忍受的酷暑1) 1) 生病类2) 动词结构类3) to visit (the doctor) 看病4) to examine, to be examined 检查5) to prescribe (medicine) 开(药)6) to treat(an illness) 治疗7) to perform(an operation) 动(手术)8) to heal, to cure 治疗9) to sneeze 打喷嚏10) to cough 咳嗽11) to run, to water 流鼻涕12) to vomit, to throw up 呕吐13) to run a fever, to have a fever, temp 发烧14) to faint, to pass out 晕倒，昏过去15) to hurt, to be in pain 疼16) to poison, to be poisoned 中毒17) to be allergic, to have an allergy 过敏18) to be injured, to have an injury 受伤19) to recover, to get well 恢复20) to take (or measure)the temperature 量体温to make an appointment 预约看病to write out a prescription 开处方to fill the prescription 拿处方抓药名词结构类doctor, physician 医生specialist 专家ophthalmologist 眼科医生dentist 牙科医生surgeon 外科医生dermatologist 皮肤科医生physician 内科医生pharmacist 药剂师hospital 医院nurse 护士clinic 诊所infirmary 医务室dentist’s office 牙科诊所laboratory, lab 实验室clinic, emergency clinic 门诊，急诊operation, surgery 手术，外科手术appointment 预约accident 事故headache 头疼cough 咳嗽allergy 过敏disease, illness 疾病cold, flu, influenza 感冒X-ray X-光crutches 拐杖temperature 体温blood pressure 血压symptom 病症medical examination, checkup 医疗检查，体检shots, immunizations 打针，免疫prescription, prescription drugs 处方health insurance 解毒药tablets (pills, powder) 药片(药丸，药粉) health insurance 医疗保险first consultation 初查subsequent consultation 复查emergency 急诊laboratory report 实验报告blooding test result 验血结果形容词结构类healthy 健康的unwell, ill, sick 有病的weak, tired 虚弱的nervous, jumpy 紧张的sweaty, feverish 有汗的，发烧的shivery, chilled 发抖mild 温和的fatal 致命的contagious, catching, infectious 传染的noncontagious, noninfectious 不感染的emergency紧急的allergic 过敏的7)购物类动词结构类to shop, to go shopping 购物to buy, to purchase 买to pay(for) 支付to charge 要价to order 订购to try on 试穿to compare 比较to make out the bill 请算帐cash or charge? 付现金还是记帐?be worth the money 合算try it for size 试试大小go well with 和…很配名词结构类a shop, a store 商店groceries 杂货店hardware store 五金店supermarket 超级市场skyscraper 摩天大楼grocer 杂货商(discount stores 折扣商店) mall, shopping mall 购物市场department store 百货公司drugstore 药店salesman(=salesperson) 推销员clerk, salesclerk 售货员customer 顾客counter 柜台bargain 便宜货ready-made goods 现成货物things in sale 廉价商品ads for sales 大减价的广告retail trade 零售show window 陈列窗pattern 式样、图案daily’s necessities日用必需品Lady’s Department 妇女用品部house ware 家用器皿sale 销售special 特价shopping cart, shopping basket 购物车，购物篮size 尺寸，大小cost, price 成本，价格product 产品price sticker, price tag 价格标签window shopping 逛商店形容词结构类frozen 冰冻的canned 罐装的fresh 新鲜的spoiled, rotten 腐烂的，变质的ripe 熟的dozen 一打half dozen 半打for sale 代售on sale 减价be in season = up to date = updated 合时的out of style 过时的in = fashionable 时尚的;流行的8)电话类动词结构类to call, to make a call(=to ring) 打电话to dial(the phone) 拨号to hang up(the telephone) 挂断to connect(phone service) 接线to disconnect(phone service) 断线to be cut off 被切断to hold on 别挂电话名词结构类telephone, telephone set 电话，电话机telephone book 电话本operator 接线员area code 区号long-distance 长途emergency(number, call) 紧急电话hot line 热线pay telephone 付费电话collect calls 对方付费电话形容词结构类loud 高音的soft 轻声的noisy 嘈杂的quiet 安静的busy 占线的buzzing 嘈杂的，嗡声的9)社交类动词结构类to invite 邀请to receive an invitation 接受邀请to attend 参加，出席to wear 穿(formal dress, casual dress)to visit 拜访to celebrate 庆祝to change your plans 改变计划to introduce 介绍名词结构类dinner 晚餐，正餐party 晚会wedding 结婚graduation ceremony 毕业庆典banquet 宴会cocktails 鸡尾酒barbecue (吃烤肉的)野外宴会picnic (自带食物的)郊游，野餐reception 接待potluck supper 家常便饭invitation 邀请entertainment 娱乐host 男主人hostess 女主人social event 社会活动形容词结构类elegant 优雅的formal 正式的informal 不正式的gracious 雅致的，有礼貌的well-mannered 行为端庄的black-tie西装革履的，衣冠整洁的beautiful 美丽的spiffy 正式的;衣官楚楚的。
托福听力重点词汇词组汇总整理
托福听力重点词汇词组汇总整理托福听力重点词汇词组汇总整理记住它们对话讲座都听懂托福听力重点词汇词组汇总一览1.a big shot = an important person 大腕儿，大亨2. a breath of fresh air 使人耳目一新的人3. Achilles’ heel 致命弱点;个性的瑕疵4. be all ears 洗耳恭听5. be all eyes 目不转睛6. a wet blanket 讨人嫌的人7. chip in = contribute money 捐献，集资8. sell like hot cakes = sell very well or very quickly 畅销9. get butterflies in one’s stomach = get nervous 紧张不安10. two thumbs up 举双手赞成11. be the apple of one’s eye = be very precious to sb. 非常珍贵12. pull one’ s leg = tease someone 开某人玩笑13. brea k one’ s back 辛勤工作14. twenty-four seven = 24 hours a day, 7 days a week = all the time 永远，一直15. go for a song = be sold very cheaply 贱卖16. bucket down = rain very heavily 瓢泼大雨17. backroom boys 幕后英雄18. below the mark = not measure up 不够水平，不合格19. beyond pare 绝佳的，最棒的20. break even 不赔不赚21. by the book 照章办事22. cast a cloud over 泼冷水，是蒙上阴影23. castles in the sky / air 空中楼阁24. as clear as a bell 非常清楚25. clear the air 消除误会26. e to terms 达成协议27. shed crocodile tears 假装哭泣，假慈悲28. cut corners 走捷径29. do’s and don’ts 行为规范30. face the music 面对现实31. fair and square 正大光明的32. first things first 先说重要的33. forgive and forget 尽释前嫌;握手言和34. get the ball rolling 使蓬勃发展35. a knockout 引人注目36. a man of few words 沉默寡言的人37. a rainy day 不如意的日子38. all thumbs 笨手笨脚的;一窍不通的39. ants in one's pants (skirt) 坐立不安40. as mod as sb. 与某人一样时髦41. at one's finger's tips 了如指掌42. at sixes and sevens 混乱的43. backseat driver 指手划脚的人44. bite one's head off 大发脾气45. black sheep 不孝子女46. blow one's top 怒发冲冠47. break one's neck 痛打一顿;拼命做某事48. break the ice 打破僵局;打破沉默49. bring down the house 掌声雷动50. burn a hole in one's pocket 花钱如流水51. buy your story 相信你的话52. call it a day 今天到此为止53. Capital idea 好主意54. cold fish 冷酷无情的人55. dark horse 黑马;冷门56. daylight robbery 价钱贵到离谱57. dear Jones letter 绝交信58. dirty dog 卑鄙小人59. eat one's words 承认错误60. every Tom, Dick and Harry 张三李四61. flat tire 没精打采62. from A to Z 从头到尾63. go on the horse 快一点吧64. God knows 天晓得65. gone with the wind 随风而逝66. good for nothing 毫无用处的67. Great minds think alike! 英雄所见略同。
托福听力分类词汇
分类词汇宇宙 universe; cosmos宇宙的 universal(adj); Cosmic (ad宇宙尘 cosmic dust宇宙万物 cosmic inventory天体 celestial body天体力学 celestial mechanics; Mechanical astronomy 天体演化 cosmogony星系 galaxy河外星系 extragalactic system总星系 met galaxy银河系 Galactic System; Milky Way太阳系 solar system星际空间 interstellar space星团 star cluster; Stellar cluster; stardust星云 nebula星辰 stars小星 starlet恒星 (fixed) star彗星 comet流星 metro; Shooting/ falling star行星 planet小行星 minor planet; Asteroid; planetoid 卫星 satellite星尘 dust类星体 quasar; Quasi-stellar object (QSO)发光的 luminous金星 Venus木星 Jupiter水星 Mercury火星 Mars土星 Saturn地球 Earth天王星 Uranus海王星 Neptune冥王星 Pluto太阳 sun太阳光谱 solar spectrum太阳光线 sunray太阳黑子 spot; sun pot; macula太阳粒子 solar particle日蚀 solar eclipse日冕 (solar) corona太阳中心说 helicocentricism 地球中心说 geocentricism月亮 moon满月 full moon新月 crescent月亮由亏转盈 wax(v)月亮由盈转亏 wane(v)环形山 crater月的，月球上的 lunar月蚀 lunar eclipse公转 revolve; revolution自转 rotate; rotation轨道 orbit; orbital黑洞 black hole真空 vacuum红外线 infrared ray辐射 radiation发射 emit; emission地壳 crust地幔 mantle地核core; earth’s core半球 semisphere; hemisphere地球基本磁场 fundamental magnetic; field of the earth 地球自转 earth ratation地球公转 revolution of the earth地球引力 gravity; gravitation attraction地震 earthquake; seism; seismic地震波 seismic wave南极 the Antarctic Pole北极 the Arctic Pole赤道 the equator热带地区 tropics; tropical温带 temperate zone寒带 frigid zone; cold zone经度 longitude经线 meridian; warp纬度 latitude纬线 parallel; weft地平线 horizon亚洲 Asia美洲 America非洲 Africa欧洲 Europe澳洲 Australia大洋洲 Oceania大西洋 the Atlantic北冰洋 the Arctic Ocean太平洋 the Pacific地中海 the Mediterranean (sea)海的 marine(adj); maritime; oceanic边缘 fringe; margin; periphery; verge海峡 straits; channel; fretum海湾 gulf; bay岛 island; isle小岛islet半岛 peninsula浮岛 floating island群岛 archipelago火山岛 volcanic island珊瑚岛 coral island板块 plate板块边缘 plate margin板块构造 plate tectonics; raft tectonics 板块学说 plate tectonics板块假说 plate hypothesis板块碰撞 plate collision板块运动 plate motion; plate movement板块漂移 plate drift大陆 continent; continetal断裂 rift; rent(租)地形 topography; landform; relief (feature); surface feature; terrain高地 highland; upland; elevation; plateau平原 plain; flatlands低地 low; lowland盆地 basin; saucer; bowl地上的，陆地的 terrestrial天上的，天体的 celestial地下的 underground; subterranean洞穴 cave; cavity; chamber; crater大山洞 cavern山脉 mountain range/ chain山脊 ridge山谷，峡谷 valley; mountain valley; canyon; dale; ravine; gorge;glen; gap山崖 chiff峭壁 barranca; precipice; steep悬崖 bluff; escarpment; scarp河流 river; stream溪 brook; streamlet; rivulet石头 stone卵石，砾石 pebble; rubble; debris; boulder 石灰石 limestone页岩 shale陨岩 meteorite花岗岩 granite大理石 maeble矿石 mineral翡翠 jadeite绿宝石 emerald红宝石 ruby珍珠 pearl宝石 gem jewel纹理 grain纹理细腻的 fine-grained文理粗糙的 coarse-grained有线纹的 line-grained火山 volcano活火山 active volcano死火山 extinct volcano休眠火山 dormant volcano火山口 crater; volcanic cent; summit crater 火山锥 cone火山坑 fine pit火山腔体 chamber火山带 volcanic belt火山爆发 volcanic eruption火山沉淀 volcanic deposit火山尘 volcanic dust火山熔岩 lava; slag熔岩湖 lave lake熔岩瀑布 lave cascade熔岩丘 lave dome岩浆 magma冰山 iceberg冰河 glacier冰河时代 glacier epoch冰河学 glaciology冰河作用 glaciation汹涌，高涨 surge化学 chemistry成分 composition; constituent; agent物质 substance; material元素 element元素周期表 periodic table; system of elements 化合物 compround金属 metal有色金属 nonferrous metal铂（白金）platinum 银silver铜 copper 铝 aluminium 锡 tin 镍 nickel锌 zinc 钾 potassium 镁 magnesium 铅 lead钠 calcium 汞 mercury氢 hydrogen 氧 oxygen氮 nitrogen 氦 helium氨 ammonia 碳 carbon硅 silicon 硫 sulfur碘 iodine分子 molecule（摩尔）原子 atom原子核 nucleus质子 proton中子 neutron电子 electron离子 ion粒子 particle水蒸气 water vapor溶液 solution溶解 dissolve; reslove溶质 solute; solvend可溶的 soluble不可溶的 insolublei溶剂 dissolvant; solvent resdvent沉淀 subside; deposit; precipitate沉淀物subsidence; deposition; sediment; sedimentation;precipitate凝结 coagulate浓缩 condense; condensation饱和 saturation; saturated晶体 crystal结晶 crystal结晶作用 crystallization挥发 volatillize; volatile蒸发 evaporate; evaporation电解 electrolyze电解槽 electrolytic bath分解 decompose腐烂 decompose; rot; decay物理 physics物理变化 physical change力学 mechanics光学 optics电学 electricity静电 static electricity摩擦 rub; chafe电流 electric current直流电 direct current (DC)交流电 alternating current (AC)直流电变压器 direct-current trasformer 电路 circuit(CKT); electric circuit电荷 electric charge; charge电压 electric tension; electric voltage 伏特 voltage导电体 conductor绝缘体 insulator半导体 semiconductor电池 battery真空管 vacuum tube; valve晶体管 transistor; crystal; valve 凸透镜 convex lens凹透镜 concave lens显微镜 microscope望远镜 telescope放大镜 magnifier光学纤维 optical fiber光谱 spectrum紫外线 ultraviolet rays红外线 infra-red raysX光纤 Roentgen rays=X rays透明的 transparent半透明的translucent不透明的 opaque微波 microwave波峰 wave crest; peak; ridge波谷 trough of wave; trough; valley 波长 wavelength频率 frenguency; rate媒质 medium; media震动 vibrate; vibration回声 echo速度 speed速率 velocity加速度 accelerated velocity重力 gravity引力 gravitation attraction运动 motion移动 lecomotion惯性 inertia动量 momentum动力（学）的，运动的 kinetic运动摩擦 kinetic friction冲量 impulse势能 potential energy阻力 resistance; drag; drag force空气阻力 air resisitance; air friction 摩擦力 friction (fiction 小说)歌剧 opera歌剧剧本 libretto乐队 orchestra; band乐队指挥 conductor; bandmaster合唱，合唱队 chorus民乐 folk song流行歌曲 pop song; popular song管弦乐 string orchestra交响乐 symphony爵士乐 jazz声学 acoustics耳的，听觉的 acoustic; aural; auditory 乐谱 score; notation乐章 movement音符 note曲调 tune; melody; melodic音高 pitch节奏 rhythm节拍 meter; beat乐器 musical instrument合音，琴弦 chord拨弦乐器 plucked instrument打击乐器 percussion instrument弦乐器 stringed instrument喇叭，号 bugle; trumpet; horn大提琴cello中提琴 viola小提琴 violin同感 sympathy反感 antipathy通感 empathy森林 forest木材 timber; lumber风干，晒干（木材）season(v)树冠 canopy树枝 branch大树枝 limb小树枝 twig树干 trunk树皮 bark树叶 leaf; foliage灌木 bush; shrub; arbuscle 乔木 arbor柳树 willow松树 pine榆树 elm杉 fir雪松 cedar胡桃树 walnut阔叶树 broadleaf植被 vegetation苔藓 moss; lichen蕨类植物 fern被子植物 angiosperm花 flower果树的花 blossom草本植物的花 bloom花瓣 petal花叶 floral leaf花蜜 nectar花粉 pollen授粉 pollinate; pollination 授粉者 pollinator芬芳 fragrant; aroma; perfume 气味 scent; odor臭味 stink; stench茎 stem; stalk根茎 rhizome块茎tuber球茎 corn受精 fertilize杂交 crossbreeding细胞 cell细胞壁 cell wall细胞核 nucleus; cell nucleus细胞质 cytoplasm纤维素 cellulose叶绿素 chlorophyll光合作用 photosynthesis农业 agriculture农产品 produce(n)主要产物（或商品） staple谷仓 barn梯田 terrace灌溉 irrigate; irrigation耕，犁 plough; plow铲 shovel镐 pick(v); pickaxe(n)镰刀 sickle碾子 roller磨 mill(n/v); grind(v)耕种，养殖 cultivate(v); till(v)收割 reap; harvest; gather in收割机harvester; harvesting implements; reaper; reaping machine拖拉机 tractor打谷，脱粒 thresh(v); thresher(n)除草 weeding; extirpate; weed; weed out (weeds)杂草 weeds; rank grass; hogweed渠 ditch; canal; channel排水渠 drainage ditch肥料 fertilizer; manure农作物，庄稼 crop谷 grain; cereal小米，粟 millet小麦 wheat大麦 barley稻子 rice; paddy豆，蚕豆 bean大豆 soybean豌豆 pea玉米 corn棉花 cotton蔬菜 vegetables害虫 pest; injurious/destructive insect杀虫剂 insecticide; pesticide; insectifuge土地 land; soil田地 farmland; field麦田 wheatland; wheat field犁沟 furrow田埂 ridge耕地 arable land肥沃 fertile(adj)贫瘠 barren; infertile; impoverished; sterile干旱 drought; arid; dry干旱地区 arid area牧场 grazing land; pasture; meadow; ranch种植园 pkantation果园 orchard草地 grassland; meadow; lea奶牛场 dairy家禽饲养场 hennery畜牧业 animal/livestock husbandry游牧的 nomadic苗圃nursery干草（喂牲畜的）饲料 hay; forage; silage; fodder 兽群 herd家畜 livestock牛 cattle公牛 ox; bull母牛 cow奶牛 dariy cattle 小牛 calf水牛 water buffalo 牛棚 cowshed马 horse母马 mare小马 pony种马 stallion; stu 马厩，马棚 stable 马具 harness踢马刺 spur羊 sheep母羊 ewe山羊 goat小羊 lamb羊栏 sheepcote猪 hog; pig; swine 母猪 sow公猪 boar小猪 piglet野猪 wild boar猪圈 pigsty（猪等）同胎生下的小崽 litter狗 dog猎狗 hunting dog; hound小狗 puppy狗窝 kennel繁殖，饲养 breed; rear家禽 fowl; domestic bird; domestic fowl 鸡 chicken雏鸡 chick; chicken公鸡 cock; rooster母鸡 hen养鸡场 chicken farm鸡舍 roost鸭 duck公鸭 drake家/野鸭 domestic/wild duck母鸭 duck小鸭 duckling鹅 goose (a goose egg 被人打了一个包)一群鹅 a drove/ flock of geese孵卵，孵化 hatch; incubate; incubation; hover 蛋 egg蛋黄 yolk蛋青，蛋白 albumen蛋壳 eggshell哺乳动物 mammal脊椎动物 vertebrate无脊椎动物 invertebrate甲壳类的动物 crustacean节肢动物 arthropod节体动物 articulate啮齿动物 rodent爬行动物 reptile食腐动物 scavenger反刍动物 ruminant腔肠动物 coelenterate灵长目动物 primate软体动物 mollusk水生动植物 aquatic两栖动物/植物 amphibian食草动物 herbivore食肉动物，食虫植物 carnivore纲 class目 order亚目 suborder科 family (father and mother I love you)属 genus种 species昆虫 insect; worm卵 ovum; egg幼虫 larva; caterpillar茧 cocoon颚，下巴 jaw上/下颚 upper/cower jaw蜕变 transform益虫 usefull insect触须 vibrissa; smeller; tentacle蛾 moth蚂蚁 ant白蚁 termite蜜蜂 bee蜂 wasp蜂群 swarms毛虫 caterpillar蝗虫 grasshopper; locust蜘蛛 spider; arachnid蜘蛛网 cobweb; web; spider web群居 social独居 solitary鱼 fish鱼类触须 barbell鱼卵 spawn一群鱼 a school of fish鲨鱼 shark鲸鱼 whale章鱼 octopus海参 sea cucumber海星 starfish海豚 dolphin鸟 bird鹪鹩（小型鸟的典型） wern秃鹫（大型鸟的典型） condor猛禽 bird of prey鹰 eagle; falcon; hawk; kestrel; condor鸵鸟ostrich鹦鹉 parrot鸽子 pigeon; dove鸟嘴 bill(水禽)； beak(猛禽)迁徙 migrate换毛 molt栖息 perch巢 nest栖息处 roost; habitat(鸟)用嘴理(毛) preen蔽身之处 shelter兽 beast; animal猛兽 beast of prey怀孕 be/ become pregnant; conceive(adj)食肉动物 predator被捕食的动物 prey猿 ape; orangutar; primate猩猩 chimp; chimpanzee; gorilla狒狒 baboon猴 monkey类人猿 anthropid交配 mating; copulation冬眠 hibernation胎 foetus; embryo胎儿，幼儿 infant恐龙 dinosaur鱼龙 ichthyosuar翼龙 pterosaur始祖鸟 archaeopteryx化石 fossil考古学 archaeology人类学 anthropology人种学 ethnology原始人类 hominid; primitive 微生物 microbe细菌 bacterium (pl. bacteria)病菌，病原体 pathogen真菌 fungus (pl. fungi)酵母菌 yeast霉菌 mould/mold; mildew蘑菇 mushroom酶 enzyme分泌 secrete; ooze寄生 parasite(n/v); parasitic共生 symbiosis; symbiotic免疫 immune(adj); immunity(n)过敏的 hypersensitive蛋白质 protein有机物 organism骨 bone骨骼 skeleton头骨 skull; cranium; cranial肋骨 rib脊柱 spinal columm; spine; backbone 脊髓 spinal cord骨髓 marrow神经 nerve脑神经 cranial nerve神经中枢 nerve centre; nerve center 末梢神经 nerve ending肺 lung呼吸器官 respirratory organ肾 kindney肝 liver胃 stomach肠 intestine消化系统 digestive system内分泌系统 endocrine system胰腺 pancreas腺 gland; glandular排泄系统 excretory system心脏 heart; cardiac(n&adj)静脉 vein动脉 artery; arterial血管 blood vessel毛细血管 capillary(n/adj)血浆 blood plasma红细胞 red blood cell白细胞 leucocyte血小板 blood platelet凝结 coagulum（使）充血 conqest(v); congestion 血液循环 blood circulation组织 tissue器官 organ肌肉 muscle腹腔 abdominal cavity腹 abdomen胸 chest胸腔 thorax唾液 saliva汗 sweat尿 urine排泄 excrete; excretion呕吐 vomit(n/v)屁 fart(n/v)免疫系统 immune system免疫性 immunity脂肪 fat脂类 lipid蛋白质 protein维生素 vitamin营养 nutrition; nutritional 营养不良 undernutrition热量 amount of heat卡路里 calorie热度计 calorimeter温度计 thermometer摄氏温度 centigrade摄氏的 Celsius华氏温度计 Fahrenheit微风 breeze; gust台风，飓风 typhoon; Hurricane旋风，龙卷风 whirlwind; Tornado; cyclone 暴风 squall; Storm对流，上升气流 convection细雨，毛毛雨 drown; Drizzle滴，流 trickle; Drip; dribble倾注 shower倾盆大雨 downpour阵雨 shower暴风雨 tempest雨滴 droplet; Dew霜 frost雾 fog (mist)雹，冰雹 hail雪花 snowflake晶体 crystal潮湿的 damp; Moist; humid干燥的 dry; Arid温暖的 warm; Cozy寒冷的 cold; Frigid; chill; chilly; icy多雨的 rainy多风的 windy多云的 cloudy大楼 mansion公寓 apartment庄园 manor教学大楼 hall建筑群 complex摩天大厦 skyscraper小教堂 chapel大教堂 cathedral草坪 lawn; Sward人造喷泉 fountain入口 doorway; Entrance; entry走廊 corridor; Hallway; passage; passageway; vestibule 大厅 hall; Lobby; foyer; antechamber横梁 span拱顶 arch; Arc; vault天井，院子 patio露台，阳台 balcony地窖 crypt; Pit; basement厨房 kitchen窗帘 curtain壁架 ledge小屋，帐篷 lodge垫子 mat; Pad; cushion教学 mathematics代数 algebra线性代数 linear algebra几何 integral积分 integral微积分 calculus统计 statistics概率 probability概率论 probability theory函数 function角 angle内角 interior angle外角 exterior angle锐角 acute angle钝角 obtuse angle三角形 triangle不等边三角形 scalene triangle 等边三角形 equilateral triangle等腰三角形 isosceles triangle直角三角形 right-angled triangle; Right triangle 矩形，长方形 rectangle(n); Rectangular (ad)对称的 symmetry(n); Symmetrical左右对称的 bilateral symmetry四边形 quadrilateral; Tetragonal; quadrangle正方形 square平行四边形 parallelogram平行线 parallel五边形 pentagon五角星 five-angle star梯形 trapezoid四面体 tetrahedron六面体 hexahedron立方体 cube多面体 polyhedral; Polyhedron; polypore柱状体 column锥体 pyramids; Pyramid; cone; taper球体 sphere; Spheroid; spherule; spherical; orb 圆 round; Circular; spherical半圆 semicircle椭圆 ellipse; Ellipsoid直径 diameter; Dam半径 radius; Semi diameter周长 circumference; Perimeter面积 area体积 volume曲线 curve线性 linear螺旋 spiral; Helix; screw交通 transportation马车 cart; Carriage; wagon; coach; stagecoach 火车 train货运列车 freight擦嘎声 chug站台 station; Platform交通工具 vehicle（有轨）电车 trolley通勤 commute(n/v)港口 port; Harbor运河 canal船只 boat; Ship; craft; barge; canoe船桨 paddle小桨 scull灯塔 beacon公路 highway收税高速公路 turnpike枢纽 pivot(n/ad); Hub腹地，内地 hinterland (pl. 穷乡僻壤)驿站 stage; Post边界贸易站 fort市场 market; Marketplace博览会 fair; Exhibition; exposition 日用品 commodity商品 merchandise; Product货物 goods船货 cargo易货交易 barter小贩 peddler; Vendor零售 retail零售商 retail trader; Dealer批发 wholesale批发商 wholesaler; Merchant进口 import出口 export关税 tariff征收（税金，罚款） levy联合抵制（货物等） boycott（商业）风险投资 venture企业家 entrepreneur企业 enterprise产业 industry城市的 urban乡下的 rural首都 metropolis; Capital首都的 metropolitan(ad)城市 city集合城市 conurbation市的，都市的，市营的 municipal自治区，自治市，市政府 municipality城市居民 urbanite城市的，市民的，公民的 civic一块地 lot; Plot (阴谋)平民 civilian居民 resident; Inhabitant; citizen; dweller 下水道，排水设施，排水系统 drainage; Sewerage 公共卫生 sanitation公共设施 public utilities住处 department; Quarter; tenement留宿 accommodate房客 tenant房东 land lord租约 lease房租 rent收据 receipt地区，区域 district; Ward; area; region手工艺 handicraft手工艺人 craftsman; Artisan手工艺品 arties of handcraft art; Handicrafts 学徒 apprentice; Trainee制造 fashion; Create; produce炉 stove; Furnace; oven窑 kiln锻造 forge; Smiting; hammering; blacksmithing 铁匠 blacksmith银匠 silversmith铜匠 coppersmith木匠 carpenter小贩 peddler; Vendor碟子，盘子 dishes碗 bowls烧水用的水壶 kettle盆 basin; Tub; pot桶 barrel; Bucket; pail小桶 keg便桶 commode痰盂 cuspidors罐 jar; Jug; pot; tank; tin容器 vessel凿子 chisel钻子 drill; Auger钳子 pincers; Pliers; tongs刨子 plane刨 plane; Shave钉子 nail; Tack拔除钉子 draw/pull out a nail把钉子敲进去 drive/hammer/knock in a nail 粘 glue; Stick; paste凸 bulge凸出 project; Protrude凹 concave(ad/n); Dented (ad)雄榫，榫舌 tongue; Tendon纺 spin; reel织 knit; Weave纺织品 textile织物 woof; Fabric; texture; drip拼织物 mosaic亚麻羊毛交织物 linsey-woolsey羊毛 wool亚麻 flax粗布 coarse cloth; Homespun cloth织布机 loom皮革，革制品 leather绳 rope钢丝绳 steel cable麻绳 hemp rope细绳 string细线，棉纱，纤维 thread; Filament; yarn; strand 纤维 fiber(制陶) 转盘，纺车 wheel卷轴，(线，铁丝，胶片，纸)一卷 reel; Coil蚕丝，丝，绸，绢，缎 silk织物上纵方向的纱或线 warp织物上横方向的纱或线 weft陶器 pottery; Earthward; ware 制陶术 ceramics陶工 potter壶，瓶，罐 pot粘土 clay粗陶，瓷器 stoneware土器，陶器 earthward红土陶 red ware釉料，上光料 glaze抛光 finish揉，捏 knead模子 mold质地 texture炉 stove; Furnace; oven窑 kiln泥釉 slip色素 pigment清漆 varnish雕塑（术） sculpture雕刻家 sculptor浮雕 relief雕刻，刻 carve; Engrave(图案的) 基本花纹 motif图案 design画像，雕像 icon画师，画匠 limner鉴定家，行家 connoisseur资助人 patron支援，保护，赞助 patronage文艺复兴 renaissance评论家，鉴定家 critic激进主义 radicalism保守主义 conservatism怀疑论者 doubter不可知论者 agnostic不信教的人，野蛮人，异教徒 infidel异教徒，邪教徒 pagan怀疑基督教/真理/宗教教条，无神论者 skeptic 愤世嫉俗者 cynic愤世嫉俗的 cynical无政府主义 anarchism君主制 monarchy宪法 constitution立法 legislation民主党 the Democrats共和党 the Republicans国会 congress联邦政府 federal government美国独立战争 American Revolution; Independent war美国内战 the Civil War美国大萧条时期 the Great Depression移民 immigrant移居者 migrant侨民 emigrant殖民者 colonist大多数 majority少数派 minority祖先 ancestors; Forefathers; progenitor; forbears后代 descendant; Successor; offspring; progeny; inheritor; heir 子女 offspring; Issue血统 lineage; Ancestry; root传统 tradition; Heritage; custom进化 evolve; Evolution适应 adapt; Adaptation生存 survive; Survival适者生存 survival of the fittest濒临灭绝的动物 endangered animals灭绝 extinction; Extinct生态系统 ecosystem小生境 niche植物群 flora动物群 fauna生物多样性 biological diversity食物链 food chain保护，保护森林/河道 conservation禁猎区 preserve温室效应 greenhouse effect臭氧层 ozone layer紫外辐射 ultraviolet radiation污染 pollute; Pollution; contaminate; contamination 污染物 pollutant有毒的 poisonous; Noxious; toxic废物 rubbish; Waste废料的处理 the disposal of waste material噪音 noise噪音污染 sound pollution分贝 decibel。
托福听力分类词汇汇总
植物学botany 植物学botanical / botanic 植物学的horticulture 园艺学aquatic plant 水生植物parasite plant 寄生植物root 根 canopy 树冠层 / 顶棚foliage / leaf 叶leaflet 小叶rosette （叶的）丛生stem 茎 stalk 杆 leafstalk 叶柄shoot / sprout 嫩芽 / 抽枝flower 花 bud 花蕾 petal 花瓣peel / skin 果皮shell（硬）果壳husk（干）果壳 / （玉米苞叶trunk 树干 bark 树皮branch 树枝bough 大或许粗的树枝twig 小树枝 jungle 森林lawn 草 meadow 草地 / 牧场prairie 大草原 mosses苔藓shrub / bush 灌木cluster 一簇（灌木）fern 蕨类植物horsetails 木贼类植物clubmosses 石松类植物微生物学antibody 抗体 toxin 毒素immunity 免疫immunology 免疫学vaccine 疫苗 fungus 真菌生物学biology 生物学marine biology 大海生物学entomology 昆虫学ornithology 鸟类学microbiology 微生物学genetics 遗传学speciology 物种学parasitology 寄生虫学paleontology 古生物学 herb 草photosynthesis 光合作用chlorophyll 叶绿素symbiosis 共生symbiotic 共生的wither/shrivel/fade 凋零blossom 花 pollen 花粉pollinate 教授花粉 petal 花瓣nectar 花蜜 tissue 组织organ 器官 system 系统seeds种子everlasting 永远的crossbreed 杂交root pressure 根压bore 腔/ 肠cohesion-tension 凝集压力column 花柱 necrosis坏死barren 贫乏的；不生育的futile 无用的carbohydrate(starch)碳水化合物（淀粉）glucose 葡萄糖 starch 淀粉fat 脂肪 protein 蛋白质vitamin 维他命malnourished 营养不良的nutrition 营养bacteria 细菌fermentation 发酵inflection 传染 / 感染microorganism/microbepaleontologist 古生物学家dinosaur 恐龙die out / extinction 灭绝mammal 哺乳动物carnivore 食肉动物rodent 啮齿类动物underwater 水下的marine 大海的scuba 水下呼吸器 perennial 多年一世的 annual 一年一世的 verdant 嫩绿的，葱绿的 evergreen 常青树 conifer tree 针叶树 larch 落叶松 pine 松树 spruce 云杉juniper 刺柏；杜松 sequoia 红杉 elm 榆树 walnut 核桃树redwood 红木树plum blossom 梅花 orchid 兰花chrysanthemum 菊花 water lily 荷花 / 莲花 rhododendron 杜鹃花 carnation 康乃馨 jasmine 茉莉花helianthus/heliotrope/sunflower向日葵camellia茶花corn / maize / mealie 玉米 pumpkin 南瓜 tomato 番茄 lettuce 莴苣 cabbage卷心菜 wheat 小麦 rye 黑麦 barley 大麦 oats 燕麦微生物virus 病毒 disinfection 消毒 sterilization 灭菌 diving 潜水 / 跳水 one-celledorganism 单细胞有机体tissue（动植物细胞的）组织protectivecamouflage 保护色predator 捕猎者 oceanic snail蜗牛 animal adaptation 动物适应性 survival of the fittest 适者生存origin of species 物种发源wild environment 野生环境insecticide 杀虫剂prenatal care 产后护理habitat 栖息地 tentacle 触须prey 捕食 navigate 导航tiny receptor 接收器nerve / specimen 物种amphibian 两栖类动物decline in the number 数目减少gene 基因 genetic 基因的endangeredspecies濒危动物survival 活着的transition 转变 / 过渡动物学zoology 动物学Darwinism 达尔文学说natural selection 自然选择phylum 门 class 纲 order 目suborder 亚目family 科 genus属 species种invertebrate 无脊椎动物vertebrate 脊椎动物aquatic life 水生动物reptile 爬行动物amphibian/amphibious animal 两栖动物protozoa 原生动物rodent 啮齿动物ruminant 反刍动物parasitic animal 寄生动物primate 灵长动物plankton 浮游生物mollusk 软体动物coelenterate 腔肠动物（如水母、海蜇、珊瑚等）herbivore 食草动物mammal 哺乳动物homotherm 恒温动物 microbe 微生物yeast 酵母（菌）bacteria 细菌single-cell 单细胞reptile 爬行类动物hatch 孵化 incubation 孵化nest 巢 offspring 后代chew up 咀嚼unfertilized eggs 未受精卵nutrient 营养品nourishment 营养品 / 食品feed 饲养cannibalism 同类相食respiration 呼吸ingestion 摄食 digestion 消化digestive enzyme 消化酶cell 细胞 nucleus 细胞核cytoplasm 细胞质cold-blooded animal 冷血动物poikilotherm 变温动物scavenger 食腐动物carnivorous 食肉的herbivorous 食草的omnivorous 杂食的 bird 鸟类camouflage 假装hibernate 冬眠；冬眠regeneration 重生predatory / carnivore 食肉的predator 捕食者 prey 捕食hordes/swarms（昆虫等）群flock（牛、羊等）群community 动物的群落或人的部落population 种群herd 兽群hygiene 卫生sanitation 公共卫生；卫生设施monogamous 一夫一妻的 /一雌一雄的 plasmalemma/cellmembrane 细胞膜 cell wall 细胞壁 protein 蛋白质amino acid 核酸 plankton 浮游生物 heredity 遗传mutation of species 物种变异chromosome 染色体 geneticengineering 遗传工程solitary 独居 social 群居 bio-diversity 生物多样性 metamorphosis 变态 / 变形mutation 变种 variation 变异 polygamous 一夫多妻的 / 一雄多雌的polyandrous 一妻多夫的 / 一雌多雄的nomadic 游牧的；漂泊的trapper 诱捕动物者 niche 小生态环境 vestige 退化器fertilizer 使受精metabolism 新陈代谢 breed（名词）品种；（动词）生殖multiply / reproduce 生殖 spawn（鱼、虾、蛙等）孵 anatomy 解剖学appetite 食欲creature 生物 scales鳞 feathers 羽毛 armor 甲 spinal cord 脊椎digestivesystem 消化系统 excretory system 排泄系统 reproductive syste 生殖系统circulatory system 循环系统 respiratory system 呼吸系统 hormonal system 内分泌系digestive duct 消化管esophagus食管 stomach 胃水生动物jellyfish 水母 nettle fish 海蜇coral 珊瑚 dolphin 海豚whale 鲸鱼 shrimp 小虾prawn 对虾 lobster 龙虾哺乳动物squirrel 松鼠 marten 貂bat 蝙蝠squeak（老鼠等）吱吱otter 水獭 antelope 羚羊两栖动物、爬行动物frog 青蛙 tadpole 蝌蚪salamander 蝾螈scorpion 蝎子 turtle 龟鸟类robin 知更鸟 owl 猫头鹰barnacle 北极鹅penguin 企鹅canary 金丝雀昆虫insect 昆虫 wasp 黄蜂hornet 大黄蜂spider 蜘蛛 pest 害虫生态学ecology 生态学ecosystem 生态系统balanceofnature 自然界生态均衡fauna 动物群 flora 植物群rain forest 雨林food chain 食品链acid rain 酸雨greenhouse 温室效应能源和环境fossil fuel 矿物燃料 smallintestine 小肠 large intestine 大肠 anus 肛门digestive gland 消化腺crab 螃蟹 mussel 贻贝；蚌类clam 蛤蜊 oyster 牡蛎sponge 海绵 starfish 海星squid 鱿鱼；乌贼gorilla 大猩猩chimpanzee 黑猩猩baboon 狒狒 hyena 鬣狗moose 驼鹿 beaver 海狸lizard 蜥蜴chameleon 变色龙cay men / crocodile 鳄鱼chirp（鸟、虫的喊声）vulture 秃鹫 crane 鹤stork 鹳 ptarmigan 雷鸟migrate 迁徙 plumage 羽体worm 虫/ 蠕虫 cicada 蝉mantis 螳螂cockroach 蟑螂infrared radiation 红外线辐ozone layer / ozonosphere 臭氧层ultravioletradiation 紫外辐pollution control 污染控制air pollution 空气控制water pollution 水污染noxious / toxic 有毒的fumes（有毒的）废气process of photo synthesis光 salivary gland唾液腺 liver 肝 gallbladder 胆pancreas胰burro / octopus 章鱼 sole 鳎；鳎目鱼 plaice 鲽，红斑比目鱼 elk 麋鹿reindeer 驯鹿 giraffe 长颈鹿rhinoceros 犀牛 hippo 河马 sloth 树懒 slothful 懒散的 centipede 蜈蚣camouflage 假装 wing 翅膀 bill（鸟）嘴beak（鹰等的）嘴 earthworm 蚯蚓antenna / tentacle 触须 larva 幼虫waste 废物solid waste 固体废物 sewage / wastewater 污水 sewagepurification 污水净化swage disposal污水办理 decibel（噪音）分贝合作用solar energy 太阳能nonrenewable 不行重生的energyconservation 保护能源resource 资源energy source 能源资源tidal energy 潮汐能fuel-efficient 节能型的rush hour 顶峰期zero emission 零辐射wildness 野生 / 天然preservation 保护atmosphere 大气carbon 碳 dioxide 二氧化物burning of coal and oil 煤油天文学astronomy 天文学astronomicalobservatory天文台planetarium 天文馆astrophysics 天文物理学astrology 占星学pseudoscience伪科学cosmos / universe 宇宙cosmology 宇宙infinite 无穷的cosmic 宇宙的cosmic radiation 宇宙辐射cosmic rays宇宙射线celestial 天体的celestialbody/heavenly body 天体celestial map / sky atlas 天体图celestial sphere 天球dwarf / dwarf star 矮星quasar 类星体constellation 星座galaxy / Milky Way 银河系star cluster 星团asterism 星群solar system 太阳系solar corona 日冕焚烧global warming 全世界变暖greenhouse effect 温室效应rise in sea level海平面上涨long-term climatic change 长期的天气变化environmentalrecycling center 再循环利用中心litter/trash garbage 垃圾pollutant 污染物desertification 荒漠化deforest 滥伐森林drought 干旱water shortage 水源缺少offshore spillage 近海岸溢出solar eclipse 日蚀solar radiation 太阳辐射planet 行星planetoid / asteroid 小行星revolve 旋转twinkle 闪耀naked eye 肉眼Mercury 水星 Venus金星Earth 地球 Mars 火星Jupiter 木星 Saturn 土星Uranus 天王星Neptune 海王星Pluto 冥王星 orbit 轨道spin 旋转 satellite 卫星lunar 月球的 meteor 流星meteor shower 流星雨star 恒星 meteoroid 流星体meteorite 陨石 comet 彗星space / outer space太空，外层空间spacecraft / spaceship宇宙飞船space shuttle 航天飞机space telescope空间望远镜astronaut / spaceman 宇航员space suit 宇航服stellar 恒星的 carbondioxiderelease 二氧化碳排放industrial sewage 工业污水 recycling 再循环 purify 净化 deteriorate 恶化 acid rain 酸雨sewage disposal污水办理 environmentprotection 环境保护ozone layer 臭氧层 waste disposal废物办理 emission（汽车废气的）排放soot 烟尘El Ni?o 厄尔尼诺现象 intergalactic 星系间的 interstellar 恒星间的interplanetary 行星间的 asteroid 小行星 nebula 星云 space debris太空垃圾ammonia 氨photosphere 光球；光球层 chromospheres 色球；色球层 chromospheres-coronatransitionzone 色球 -日冕过渡层sunglow 日冕sunspot 太阳黑子（发生在光球层）flare 耀斑（发生在色球层） solar prominence 日珥（发生在色球层）convection zone 对流层 vacuum 真空infrared ray 红外线 absolutemagnitude 绝对量级emission 发射 / 发散 high-resolution 高清楚度 interferometer 扰乱仪，干预仪illusive object 幻影体 faint 轻微的 image 影像gravitational force 吸引力molten 消融的leap year 闰年气象学meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家meteorologicalstation 气象站forecast / predict 预告climate 天气atmosphere 大气层troposphere 对流层stratosphere 平流层mesosphere 中间层ionosphere 电离层exosphere 逸散层cold front 冷锋warm air mass 热气团current （气）流moisture 湿润，水气spell 某种天气连续一段时vapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp / moist / humid 湿润humidity 湿度 moisture 湿润地理学hemisphere 半球meridian 子午线 / 经线parallel 平行圈latitude 纬线longitude 经线 / 经度elevation 海拔altitude 高度 / 海拔horizon 地平线equator 赤道temperaturelatitudes 温带地区tropics 热带地区Arctic / the North Pole 北极Antarctic/Antarctica 南极 rotation 自传 revolution 公转black hole 黑洞ultraviolet ray 紫外线saturate 饱和 dew 露frost 霜 fog / mist 雾 smog 烟droplet 小水 condense浓缩crystal 水晶体sheet（水、冰、雪的）一层downpour / torrential rain 大雨tempest(storm)/torrentialrain 狂风雨drizzle 小雨 shower 阵雨hail 冰雹blizzard / snowstorm 狂风雪avalanche / snow slide 雪崩precipitation （雨、露、雪等）降水 thunder 雷breeze 细风 sandstorm 沙暴monsoon 季风 gale 狂风whirlwind 旋风 typhoon 台hurricane 飓风tornado / twister / cyclone 龙卷风the Antarctic Continent 南极洲the Antarctic Circle 南极圈the Arctic Circle 北极圈aurora 极光tropics of Cancer 北回归线tropicsofCapricorn 南回归线international date line 国际日期更改线time difference 时差time zone 时区topography 地形 / 地形学plain 平原 luminosity 光度 light year 光年wind scale 风级tsunami/seismicseawave 海啸tidal wave 潮汐；浪潮 upperatmosphere 上层大气 funnel 漏斗云disaster/calamity/catastrophe 灾害devastation 损坏submerge 吞没 drought 旱灾 convection 对流wind velocity 风速 wind direction 风向 long-range forecast 长久预告numerical weather prediction数值天气预告nephanalysis云层剖析；卫星云图plateau / highland 高地 lowland 低地basin 盆地 oasis绿洲 enclave 飞地 peak 山岳 cordillera / ranges 山脉 carven / cave 洞窟 terrain 地区subterranean 地底下 coastland 沿海地区 coastline 海岸线 watershed 分水岭upper reaches 上游 lower reaches 下游 tributary 支流 deposit 堆积 spring / fountain 泉水iceberg 冰山riverbed 河床gulf / bay 海湾waterfall 瀑布cascade小瀑布；喷流reef 暗礁 tide 湖水torrent 水的急流tropical rain forest 热带雨林continental island 大陆岛volcanic island 火山岛coral island 珊瑚岛islet 小岛 peninsular 半岛archipelago 群岛delta 三角洲landlocked area 内地inland waterway 内地河subcontinent 次大陆cliff 山崖 valley 山谷hillside / mountain slope 山坡continental shelf 大陆架地质学crust 地壳 mantle 地幔core 地核continental crust 大陆地壳oceanic crust 大海地壳layer / stratum 地层stratigraphy 地层学fault 断层 fault plane 断层面fault zone 断层带rift / crack / split 断裂disintegration/decomposition 分解erosion 腐化 fossil 化石igneous rock 火成岩sedimentary rock 堆积岩metamorphic rock 变质岩limestone 石灰岩granite 花岗岩marble 大理石lithosphere 岩石圈magma / molten lava 岩浆 canyon / gorge 峡谷channel / strait 海峡remote-sensing 遥感的terrestrial 地球的 / 陆地的terrestrialheat/geothermal地热terrestrial magnetism 地磁continental drift 大陆漂移学说sea-floor spreading 海床扩展evaporation 蒸发salinity 含盐度ocean bottom 海床sediment 堆积物tropical 热带的temperate 温带的frigid 寒带的frost heaving 冻胀现象tundra 苔原，冻原fieldstone 卵石Mediterranean Sea 地中海quartz 石英 mineral 矿物ore 矿石 deposit 矿床rubble 碎石 debris 残骸platinum 白金 / 铂金 silver 银copper 黄铜 aluminum 铝tin 锡 lead 铅 zinc 锌nickel 镍 mercury 汞/ 水银sodium 钠 gem 宝石diamond 钻石emerald 绿宝石ruby 红宝石 glacier 冰川glacial 冰川的glacialepoch/age/period冰川期glacial drift 冰渍moraines 冰碛 iceberg 冰山volcano 火山active volcano 活火山extinct volcano 死火山dormant volcano 休眠火山 the primeval forest 原始森林Scandinavia斯堪的纳维亚 (半岛 )(瑞典、挪威、丹麦、冰岛的泛称 )fjord 峡湾coral reef 珊瑚礁 Chalk 白垩纪 cataclysm 大洪水 ridge 山脊；分水岭abyss深渊territory 疆域；国土；地区Pyrenees比利牛斯山脉 Carpathians喀尔巴阡山脉Vesuvius维苏威火山 Pompeii 庞贝precipice 绝壁eon 世；纪；代 glacier 冰河Pangaea盘古大陆 dune 沙丘 Lagoon咸水湖 (sloping) shield volcano盾状火山（缓和） (steep-sided)conevolcano锥状火山（峻峭） eruption 火山喷发 crater 火山口 caldera（张口较大）火山口 depression 凹地，凹陷处；盆地lava 火山岩浆volcanic dust 火山尘 volcanic ash火山灰 geyser间歇喷泉 hot spring 温泉earthquake / quake / tremor /seism 地震seismic 地震的seismology 地震学 magnitude 震级 seismic intensity scale震烈度seismic wave 地震波transverse wave 横波longitudinal wave 纵波epicenter 震中epicentral distance 震中距aftershock 余震cataclysm 灾变考古学archaeology 考古学paleontology 古生物学anthropology 人类学archaeologist 人类学家pale-anthropologist 先人类学家ecologicalanthropologist 生态人类学家psychologicalanthropologist 心理人类学家originate 发源于ancestor 先人hominid 人（科）建筑学architecture 建筑学architect 建筑学家construct 构造wing 辐楼 / 侧楼 design 设计elevator 电梯skyscraper摩天大楼design element 设计元素log structure 原木构造cabin 小木屋政治、经济学类subsistence存活，生活subsistencewage刚够养家生活的薪资subsistence level进出平衡的生活水平kinship 家属关系，血缘关系commodity 商品check 支票；收条；账单tsunami / tidal / force 海啸undersea landslide海底山崩meltglobalwarming 全世界逐渐变暖aquifer 蓄水层swamp 沼泽peat bog 泥炭沼泽homogeneous 同以种族（种类）的tribe 部落 clan 氏族excavation 发掘excavate / unearth 发掘ruins 古迹 / 废墟remains 遗产 / 遗骸artifact 手工艺品relic 遗物 / 文物antique 古物 / 古玩antiquity 古代 / 古老Stone Age石器时代Bronze Age青铜器时代beam 梁 prototype 原型building technique 建筑工艺new material 新资料metal-frame 金属构造repair person 维修工planetarium 天文馆aquarium 水族馆archives 档案馆 officebank loan 银行贷款interest 利息withdraw 从银行账户中提款honor (cheque/bill/draft) 承兑a run on a bank挤兑the Great Depression大冷清 Great Canyon大峡谷 Nile River尼罗河 Colorado river 科罗拉多河 crumpleszones地质缓冲地带bedrock 岩床 bulge 突出物 Iron Age 铁器时代 Paleolithic 旧石器时代的Mesolithic 中石器时代的 Neolithic 新石器时代的 morphology 形态学 skull 颅骨cranial 颅骨的 fossil 化石ancient civilization 古代文明 cave man山顶洞人 cultural relics 文物 rock painting 岩画 building 写字楼cathedral 大教堂 mosque 清真寺the statue of liberty 自由女神像the triumphal arch 凯旋门 sphinx 狮身人面像 pyramid 金字塔 castle 城堡consumerism 花费主义（以为高花费对个人和社会有益的见解）；保护花费者权益主义affluence 富饶，富裕 sophisticated 世故的，干练的；复杂的，尖端的教育学higher education 高等教育moral character 道德质量domain 领域faculty 全体教员alumni 校友人物artist 艺术家choreographer 舞蹈编排家critic 责备家satirist 嘲讽作家inventor 发明家biographer 自传作家sculptor 雕塑家feminist 女权主义者humanitarian 人道主义者imagist 意象派诗人philanthropist 慈善家proprietor 业主 mortal 罪犯precursor 前驱figurehead 声誉领袖disciple 学徒 apprentice 学徒mechanic 机械工minimalist 简单抽象派艺术家avant-garde 前卫派拍照photographer 拍照家panorama 全景照片snap shot 快照developing 冲刷enlarge 放大 foreground 远景background 背景文学pose 散文 diary 日志autobiography 列传editorial 社论narrative prose 表达性descriptive prose 描绘性essay漫笔 poetry 诗歌 treasurer 生活委员 / 财务大臣elective system 选课制度curriculum 课程（总称）discipline 学科 / 管理territory 领域genre 风格 / 体裁eccentric 独到的odd 荒诞的 / 奇数的erratic 奇异的weird 独到的 / 不行思议的romantic 浪漫的innocent 天真的 / 无罪的lovelorn 相思病苦的emotional 情绪的 / 感情的sentimental 感慨的 / 多愁善感的cheerless 垂头丧气的 / 无生命力的patriarchal 家长的 / 族长的rigid 僵化的 spare 朴实的clumsy 蠢笨的zigzag波折的high definition 高清楚度close-up 特写out of focus 调焦禁止exposure 曝光instant camera 拍立得camera lens相机镜头ballad 民谣 lullaby 催眠曲fiction 小说 allegory 寓言fairy tale 童话 legend 传说proverb 谚语model 人物原型leading character 主人公 learn by rote 照本宣科 encyclopedias 百科全书 / 专科全书contemporary 今世的 acclaimed 受欢迎的 preeminent 优秀的 versatile（人）多才多艺的 / （物）多功能的 household 家庭的 / 人人皆知的genuine 真实的authentic 传神的 / 原汁原味的symbolic 象征性的 immortal 不朽的 / 神 nostalgia 怀旧主义 / 思乡 emotive 感人的prodigious 巨大的 classic经典的posthumous 死后的 tripod 三脚架 dark room 暗室 wide angle lens 广角镜头long focus lens长镜头 filter 滤色镜main plot 主要情节 prelude 序曲 prologue 前言 epilogue 结尾literary criticism 文学责备 literary studies 文学研究 schools of literature 文学流派comparativeliterature 比较文学音乐musical instrument 乐器orchestra（管弦）乐队shook rattle 摇拨浪鼓pound drum 敲鼓foot beat 顿足 note 音符score 曲谱 movement 乐章fanatical 狂热的hillbilly music 农村音乐folk music 民间音乐pop music 流行音乐classical music古典音乐Jazz爵士乐symphony 交响乐美术（绘画和雕塑）fine arts 美术oil painting 油画water color 水彩画tempera 蛋彩画sketch 速写 / 素描pastel 彩色蜡笔划poster 海报 / 招贴画charcoal drawing 木炭画mural painting / fresco 壁画engraving 版画lithograph 石板画landscape painting 景色画still life 静物画 realism 现实主义surrealism 超现实主义futurism 将来主义rock and roll 摇滚乐band music / wind music 管乐string 弦乐 violin 小提琴viola 中提琴 cello 大提琴harp 竖琴 horn 号；喇叭clarinet 单簧管oboe 双簧管keyboard instrument 键盘乐器percussion 震荡 / 打击乐器vocal music 声乐concerto 协奏曲portrait 肖像画caricature 漫画pigment 颜色，色素canvas油画布 brush 画笔drawing board 画板perspective 透视画法original 原作 copy 临本reproduction / replica 复制品genuine 真的 fake 假的gallery 美术馆autograph 真迹panorama 全景画calligraphy 书法 paste 裱糊 modernism 现代主义 aestheticism 唯美主义sonata 奏鸣曲 serenade 小夜曲solo 独奏 / 独唱 duet 二重唱 conducting 指挥podium 指挥台 accompaniment 伴奏 quality 音质 volume 音量 chord 和弦harmony 和声 rest 休止 time 节拍 lullaby 催眠曲 prelude 序曲epilogue 结尾impressionistic style 印象派风格framing 装框 sculpture 雕塑 sculptor 雕塑家figurine 小塑像 bust 半身雕塑像 statue 塑像unique 独一的 / 独到的 animator 漫画家saxophonist 萨克斯风管演奏者indigo 靛蓝 purple 紫色。
托福听力分类词汇
分类词汇宇宙universe; cosmos 宇宙的universal(adj); Cosmic (ad 宇宙尘cosmic dust 宇宙万物cosmic inventory 天体celestial body 天体力学celestial mechanics; Mechanical astronomy 天体演化cosmogony 星系galaxy 河外星系extragalactic system 总星系met galaxy 银河系Galactic System; Milky Way 太阳系solar system 星际空间interstellar space 星团star cluster; Stellar cluster; stardust 星云nebula 星辰stars 小星starlet 恒星(fixed) star 彗星comet流星metro; Shooting/ falling star行星planet小行星minor planet; Asteroid; planetoid 卫星satellite 星尘dust类星体quasar; Quasi-stellar object (QSO) 发光的luminous 金星Venus 木星Jupiter 水星Mercury 火星Mars 土星Saturn 地球Earth 天王星Uranus 海王星Neptune 冥王星Pluto 太阳sun 太阳光谱solar spectrum 太阳光线sunray 太阳黑子spot; sun pot; macula 太阳粒子solar particle日蚀solar eclipse 日冕(solar) corona 太阳中心说helicocentricism 地球中心说geocentricism 月亮moon 满月full moon 新月crescent 月亮由亏转盈wax(v) 月亮由盈转亏wane(v) 环形山crater 月的，月球上的lunar 月蚀lunar eclipse 公转revolve;revolution 自转rotate; rotation 轨道orbit; orbital 黑洞black hole 真空vacuum 红外线infrared ray 辐射radiation 发射emit; emission 地壳crust 地幔mantle 地核core; earth 's core 半球semisphere; hemisphere 地球基本磁场fundamental magnetic; field of the earth 地球自转earth ratation 地球公转revolution of the earth 地球引力gravity; gravitation attraction 地震earthquake; seism; seismic 地震波seismic wave 南极the Antarctic Pole 北极the Arctic Pole 赤道the equator 热带地区tropics; tropical 温带temperate zone 寒带frigid zone; cold zone 经度longitude 经线meridian; warp 纬度latitude 纬线parallel; weft 地平线horizon 亚洲Asia 美洲America 非洲Africa 欧洲Europe 澳洲Australia大洋洲Oceania 大西洋the Atlantic 北冰洋the Arctic Ocean 太平洋the Pacific 地中海the Mediterranean (sea) 海的marine(adj); maritime; oceanic 边缘fringe; margin; periphery; verge 海峡straits; channel; fretum 海湾gulf; bay 岛island; isle 小岛islet 半岛peninsula 浮岛floating island 群岛archipelago 火山岛volcanic island 珊瑚岛coral island 板块plate 板块边缘plate margin 板块构造plate tectonics; raft tectonics 板块学说plate tectonics 板块假说plate hypothesis 板块碰撞plate collision板块运动plate motion; plate movement板块漂移plate drift大陆continent; continetal断裂rift; rent( 租)地形topography; landform; relief (feature); surface feature; terrain高地highland; upland; elevation; plateau平原plain; flatlands低地low; lowland 盆地basin; saucer; bowl 地上的，陆地的terrestrial 天上的，天体的celestial 地下的underground; subterranean 洞穴cave; cavity; chamber; crater 大山洞cavern山脉mountain range/ chain山脊ridge山谷，峡谷valley; mountain valley; canyon; dale; ravine; glen;gorge;gap山崖chiff峭壁barranca; precipice; steep 悬崖bluff; escarpment; scarp河流river; stream 溪brook; streamlet; rivulet 石头stone卵石，砾石pebble; rubble; debris; boulder 石灰石limestone 页岩shale 陨岩meteorite 花岗岩granite 大理石maeble 矿石mineral 翡翠jadeite 绿宝石emerald 红宝石ruby 珍珠pearl 宝石gem jewel 纹理grain纹理细腻的fine-grained 文理粗糙的coarse-grained 有线纹的line-grained 火山volcano 活火山active volcano 死火山extinctvolcano休眠火山dormant volcano火山口crater; volcanic cent; summit crater 火山锥cone 火山坑fine pit 火山腔体chamber 火山带volcanic belt 火山爆发volcanic eruption 火山沉淀volcanic deposit 火山尘volcanic dust 火山熔岩lava; slag 熔岩湖lave lake 熔岩瀑布lave cascade 熔岩丘lave dome 岩浆magma 冰山iceberg 冰河glacier 冰河时代glacier epoch 冰河学glaciology 冰河作用glaciation 汹涌，高涨surge 化学chemistry 成分composition; constituent; agent 物质substance; material元素element元素周期表periodic table; system of elements 化合物compround金属metal有色金属nonferrous metal铂（白金）platinum 银silver铜copper 铝aluminium锡tin 镍nickel锌zinc 钾potassium镁magnesium 铅lead钠calcium 汞mercury氢hydrogen 氧oxygen 氮nitrogen 氦helium 氨ammonia 碳carbon 硅silicon 硫sulfur 碘iodine分子molecule （摩尔）原子atom原子核nucleus 质子proton 中子neutron电子electron 离子ion 粒子particle 水蒸气water vapor 溶液solution 溶解dissolve; reslove 溶质solute; solvend 可溶的soluble 不可溶的insolublei 溶剂dissolvant; solvent resdvent 沉淀subside; deposit; precipitate 沉淀物subsidence; deposition; sediment;precipitate 凝结coagulate 浓缩condense; condensation饱和saturation; saturated 晶体crystal 结晶crystal 结晶作用crystallization 挥发volatillize; volatile 蒸发evaporate;evaporation 电解electrolyze电解槽electrolytic bath分解decompose腐烂decompose; rot; decaysedimentation; 物理physics 物理变化physical change 力学mechanics 光学optics 电学electricity 静电static electricity 摩擦rub; chafe 电流electric current 直流电direct current (DC) 交流电alternating current (AC) 直流电变压器direct-currenttrasformer 电路circuit(CKT); electric circuit 电荷electric charge; charge 电压electric tension; electric voltage 伏特voltage 导电体conductor 绝缘体insulator 半导体semiconductor 电池battery真空管vacuum tube; valve 晶体管transistor; crystal; valve 凸透镜convex lens 凹透镜concave lens 显微镜microscope 望远镜telescope 放大镜magnifier 光学纤维optical fiber 光谱spectrum 紫外线ultraviolet rays 红外线infra-red rays X 光纤Roentgen rays=X rays 透明的transparent 半透明的translucent 不透明的opaque 微波microwave 波峰wave crest; peak; ridge 波谷trough of wave; trough; valley 波长wavelength 频率frenguency; rate 媒质medium; media 震动vibrate; vibration回声echo 速度speed 速率velocity 加速度accelerated velocity 重力gravity引力gravitation attraction运动motion 移动lecomotion 惯性inertia 动量momentum 动力（学）的，运动的kinetic 运动摩擦kinetic friction冲量impulse势能potential energy阻力resistance; drag; drag force 空气阻力air resisitance; air friction 摩擦力friction （fiction 小说）歌剧opera 歌剧剧本libretto 乐队orchestra; band 乐队指挥conductor; bandmaster 合唱，合唱队chorus民乐folk song流行歌曲pop song; popular song 管弦乐string orchestra 交响乐symphony 爵士乐jazz声学acoustics 耳的，听觉的acoustic; aural; auditory 乐谱score; notation乐章movement 音符note曲调tune; melody; melodic音高pitch 节奏rhythm 节拍meter; beat 乐器musical instrument 合音，琴弦chord 拨弦乐器plucked instrument 打击乐器percussion instrument 弦乐器stringed instrument 喇叭，号bugle; trumpet; horn 大提琴cello 中提琴viola小提琴violin 同感sympathy 反感antipathy 通感empathy 森林forest 木材timber; lumber 风干，晒干(木材) season(v) 树冠canopy 树枝branch 大树枝limb 小树枝twig 树干trunk 树皮bark 树叶leaf; foliage 灌木bush; shrub; arbuscle 乔木arbor 柳树willow 松树pine 榆树elm 杉fir 雪松cedar 胡桃树walnut 阔叶树broadleaf 植被vegetation 苔藓moss; lichen 蕨类植物fern 被子植物angiosperm 花flower 果树的花blossom 草本植物的花bloom 花瓣petal 花叶floral leaf 花蜜nectar 花粉pollen 授粉pollinate; pollination 授粉者pollinator 芬芳fragrant; aroma; perfume 气味scent; odor 臭味stink; stench 茎stem;stalk 根茎rhizome 块茎tuber 球茎corn 受精fertilize杂交crossbreeding细胞cell细胞壁cell wall 细胞核nucleus; cell nucleus 细胞质cytoplasm 纤维素cellulose 叶绿素chlorophyll 光合作用photosynthesis 农业agriculture 农产品produce(n) 主要产物(或商品) staple 谷仓barn 梯田terrace 灌溉irrigate; irrigation 耕，犁plough;plow 铲shovel 镐pick(v); pickaxe(n) 镰刀sickle 碾子roller 磨mill(n/v); grind(v) 耕种，养殖cultivate(v); till(v) 收割reap;harvest; gather in收割机harvester; harvesting implements; reaper; reapingmachine 拖拉机tractor 打谷，脱粒thresh(v); thresher(n) 除草weeding; extirpate; weed; weed out (weeds) 杂草weeds; rank grass; hogweed 渠ditch; canal; channel 排水渠drainage ditch 肥料fertilizer; manure 农作物，庄稼crop 谷grain; cereal 小米，粟millet 小麦wheat 大麦barley 稻子rice; paddy 豆，蚕豆bean 大豆soybean 豌豆pea 玉米corn 棉花cotton 蔬菜vegetables 害虫pest; injurious/destructive insect杀虫剂insecticide; pesticide; insectifuge土地land; soil田地farmland; field麦田wheatland; wheat field犁沟furrow田埂ridge 耕地arable land 肥沃fertile(adj)贫瘠barren; infertile; impoverished; sterile干旱drought; arid; dry 干旱地区arid area牧场grazing land; pasture; meadow; ranch 种植园pkantation果园orchard草地grassland; meadow; lea 奶牛场dairy 家禽饲养场hennery 畜牧业animal/livestock husbandry 游牧的nomadic苗圃nursery干草(喂牲畜的)饲料hay; forage; silage; fodder 兽群herd家畜livestock 牛cattle 公牛ox; bull 母牛cow 奶牛dariy cattle 小牛calf 水牛water buffalo 牛棚cowshed 马horse 母马mare 小马pony 种马stallion; stu 马厩，马棚stable 马具harness 踢马刺spur 羊sheep 母羊ewe 山羊goat 小羊lamb 羊栏sheepcote 猪hog; pig; swine 母猪sow 公猪boar 小猪piglet 野猪wild boar 猪圈pigsty （猪等）同胎生下的小崽litter 狗dog 猎狗hunting dog; hound 小狗puppy 狗窝kennel 繁殖，饲养breed; rear 家禽fowl; domestic bird; domestic fowl 鸡chicken雏鸡chick; chicken 公鸡cock; rooster 母鸡hen 养鸡场chicken farm 鸡舍roost 鸭duck 公鸭drake 家/ 野鸭domestic/wild duck 母鸭duck 小鸭duckling鹅goose （a goose egg 被人打了一个包）一群鹅 a drove/ flock of geese 孵卵，孵化hatch; incubate; incubation; hover 蛋egg 蛋黄yolk 蛋青，蛋白albumen 蛋壳eggshell 哺乳动物mammal 脊椎动物vertebrate 无脊椎动物invertebrate 甲壳类的动物crustacean 节肢动物arthropod 节体动物articulate 啮齿动物rodent 爬行动物reptile 食腐动物scavenger 反刍动物ruminant 腔肠动物coelenterate 灵长目动物primate 软体动物mollusk 水生动植物aquatic 两栖动物/ 植物amphibian食草动物herbivore 食肉动物，食虫植物carnivore 纲class 目order 亚目suborder 科family (father and mother I love you) 属genus 种species 昆虫insect; worm 卵ovum; egg 幼虫larva; caterpillar 茧cocoon 颚，下巴jaw 上/ 下颚upper/cower jaw 蜕变transform 益虫usefull insect 触须vibrissa; smeller; tentacle 蛾moth 蚂蚁ant 白蚁termite 蜜蜂bee 蜂wasp蜂群swarms 毛虫caterpillar 蝗虫grasshopper; locust 蜘蛛spider; arachnid 蜘蛛网cobweb; web; spider web 群居social 独居solitary 鱼fish 鱼类触须barbell 鱼卵spawn 一群鱼 a school of fish 鲨鱼shark 鲸鱼whale 章鱼octopus 海参sea cucumber 海星starfish 海豚dolphin 鸟bird 鹪鹩（小型鸟的典型）wern 秃鹫（大型鸟的典型）condor 猛禽bird of prey 鹰eagle; falcon; hawk; kestrel; condor 鸵鸟ostrich 鹦鹉parrot 鸽子pigeon; dove 鸟嘴bill（水禽）；beak（猛禽）迁徙migrate 换毛molt 栖息perch 巢nest 栖息处roost; habitat （鸟）用嘴理（毛） preen 蔽身之处shelter 兽beast; animal 猛兽beast of prey 怀孕be/ become pregnant; conceive（adj）食肉动物predator 被捕食的动物prey 猿ape; orangutar; primate 猩猩chimp; chimpanzee; gorilla 狒狒baboon 猴monkey 类人猿anthropid 交配mating; copulation冬眠hibernation胎foetus; embryo 胎儿，幼儿infant 恐龙dinosaur 鱼龙ichthyosuar 翼龙pterosaur 始祖鸟archaeopteryx 化石fossil 考古学archaeology 人类学anthropology 人种学ethnology 原始人类hominid; primitive 微生物microbe 细菌bacterium (pl. bacteria) 病菌，病原体pathogen 真菌fungus (pl. fungi) 酵母菌yeast 霉菌mould/mold; mildew 蘑菇mushroom 酶enzyme 分泌secrete; ooze 寄生parasite(n/v); parasitic 共生symbiosis; symbiotic 免疫immune(adj); immunity(n) 过敏的hypersensitive 蛋白质protein 有机物organism 骨bone 骨骼skeleton 头骨skull; cranium; cranial 肋骨rib脊柱spinal columm; spine; backbone 脊髓spinal cord 骨髓marrow 神经nerve 脑神经cranial nerve 神经中枢nerve centre; nerve center 末梢神经nerve ending 肺lung 呼吸器官respirratory organ 肾kindney 肝liver 胃stomach 肠intestine消化系统digestive system 内分泌系统endocrine system 胰腺pancreas 腺gland; glandular 排泄系统excretory system 心脏heart; cardiac(n&adj) 静脉vein 动脉artery; arterial 血管blood vessel 毛细血管capillary(n/adj) 血浆blood plasma 红细胞red blood cell 白细胞leucocyte 血小板blood platelet 凝结coagulum (使)充血conqest(v); congestion 血液循环blood circulation 组织tissue 器官organ 肌肉muscle 腹腔abdominal cavity 腹abdomen胸chest 胸腔thorax 唾液saliva 汗sweat 尿urine 排泄excrete; excretion 呕吐vomit(n/v) 屁fart(n/v) 免疫系统immunesystem 免疫性immunity 脂肪fat 脂类lipid 蛋白质protein 维生素vitamin 营养nutrition; nutritional 营养不良undernutrition 热量amount of heat 卡路里calorie 热度计calorimeter 温度计thermometer 摄氏温度centigrade 摄氏的Celsius 华氏温度计Fahrenheit 微风breeze; gust 台风，飓风typhoon; Hurricane 旋风，龙卷风whirlwind; Tornado; cyclone 暴风squall; Storm 对流，上升气流convection 细雨，毛毛雨drown; Drizzle 滴，流trickle; Drip; dribble 倾注shower 倾盆大雨downpour 阵雨shower 暴风雨tempest 雨滴droplet; Dew 霜frost 雾fog (mist) 雹，冰雹hail 雪花snowflake 晶体crystal 潮湿的damp; Moist; humid 干燥的dry; Arid 温暖的warm; Cozy 寒冷的cold; Frigid; chill; chilly; icy 多雨的rainy 多风的windy 多云的cloudy 大楼mansion 公寓apartment 庄园manor 教学大楼hall 建筑群complex 摩天大厦skyscraper 小教堂chapel 大教堂cathedral 草坪lawn; Sward 人造喷泉fountain 入口doorway; Entrance; entry 走廊corridor; Hallway; passage; passageway; vestibule 大厅hall; Lobby; foyer; antechamber 横梁span 拱顶arch; Arc; vault 天井，院子patio 露台，阳台balcony 地窖crypt; Pit; basement 厨房kitchen窗帘curtain 壁架ledge 小屋，帐篷lodge 垫子mat; Pad; cushion 教学mathematics 代数algebra 线性代数linear algebra 几何integral 积分integral 微积分calculus 统计statistics 概率probability 概率论probability theory 函数function 角angle 内角interior angle 外角exterior angle 锐角acute angle 钝角obtuseangle 三角形triangle 不等边三角形scalene triangle 等边三角形equilateral triangle等腰三角形isosceles triangle 直角三角形right-angled triangle; Right triangle 矩形，长方形rectangle(n); Rectangular (ad) 对称的symmetry(n); Symmetrical 左右对称的bilateral symmetry 四边形quadrilateral; Tetragonal; quadrangle 正方形square 平行四边形parallelogram 平行线parallel 五边形pentagon 五角星five-angle star 梯形trapezoid 四面体tetrahedron 六面体hexahedron 立方体cube 多面体polyhedral; Polyhedron;polypore 柱状体column 锥体pyramids; Pyramid; cone; taper 球体sphere; Spheroid; spherule; spherical; orb 圆round; Circular; spherical 半圆semicircle椭圆ellipse; Ellipsoid 直径diameter; Dam 半径radius; Semi diameter 周长circumference; Perimeter 面积area 体积volume 曲线curve 线性linear 螺旋spiral; Helix; screw 交通transportation 马车cart; Carriage; wagon; coach; stagecoach 火车train 货运列车freight 擦嘎声chug 站台station; Platform 交通工具vehicle (有轨)电车trolley 通勤commute(n/v) 港口port; Harbor 运河canal船只boat; Ship; craft; barge; canoe 船桨paddle 小桨scull灯塔beacon 公路highway 收税高速公路turnpike 枢纽pivot(n/ad); Hub 腹地，内地hinterland (pl. 穷乡僻壤) 驿站stage; Post 边界贸易站fort 市场market; Marketplace 博览会fair; Exhibition; exposition 日用品commodity 商品merchandise; Product 货物goods 船货cargo 易货交易barter 小贩peddler; Vendor 零售retail 零售商retail trader; Dealer 批发wholesale 批发商wholesaler; Merchant 进口import 出口export 关税tariff征收（税金，罚款）levy 联合抵制（货物等）boycott （商业）风险投资venture 企业家entrepreneur 企业enterprise 产业industry 城市的urban 乡下的rural 首都metropolis; Capital 首都的metropolitan（ad）城市city 集合城市conurbation 市的，都市的，市营的municipal 自治区，自治市，市政府municipality 城市居民urbanite 城市的，市民的，公民的civic 一块地lot; Plot （阴谋）平民civilian 居民resident; Inhabitant; citizen; dweller 下水道，排水设施，排水系统drainage; Sewerage 公共卫生sanitation 公共设施public utilities 住处department; Quarter; tenement留宿accommodate房客tenant房东land lord租约lease房租rent收据receipt地区，区域district; Ward; area; region 手工艺handicraft手工艺人craftsman; Artisan手工艺品arties of handcraft art; Handicrafts 学徒apprentice; Trainee 制造fashion; Create; produce 炉stove; Furnace; oven 窑kiln锻造forge; Smiting; hammering; blacksmithing铁匠blacksmith银匠silversmith铜匠coppersmith木匠carpenter小贩peddler; Vendor碟子，盘子dishes 碗bowls 烧水用的水壶kettle 盆basin; Tub; pot 桶barrel; Bucket; pail 小桶keg 便桶commode 痰盂cuspidors 罐jar; Jug; pot; tank; tin 容器vessel 凿子chisel 钻子drill; Auger 钳子pincers; Pliers; tongs 刨子plane 刨plane; Shave 钉子nail; Tack 拔除钉子draw/pull out a nail 把钉子敲进去drive/hammer/knock in a nail 粘glue; Stick; paste 凸bulge 凸出project; Protrude 凹concave(ad/n); Dented (ad) 雄榫，榫舌tongue; Tendon纺spin; reel 织knit; Weave 纺织品textile 织物woof; Fabric; texture; drip 拼织物mosaic 亚麻羊毛交织物linsey-woolsey 羊毛wool 亚麻flax粗布coarse cloth; Homespun cloth 织布机loom 皮革，革制品leather 绳rope 钢丝绳steel cable 麻绳hemp rope 细绳string 细线，棉纱，纤维thread; Filament; yarn; strand 纤维fiber（制陶）转盘，纺车wheel 卷轴，（线，铁丝，胶片，纸）一卷reel; Coil 蚕丝，丝，绸，绢，缎silk 织物上纵方向的纱或线warp 织物上横方向的纱或线weft陶器pottery; Earthward; ware制陶术ceramics 陶工potter 壶，瓶，罐pot 粘土clay 粗陶，瓷器stoneware 土器，陶器earthward 红土陶red ware 釉料，上光料glaze 抛光finish 揉，捏knead 模子mold 质地texture 炉stove; Furnace; oven 窑kiln 泥釉slip 色素pigment 清漆varnish 雕塑（术）sculpture 雕刻家sculptor 浮雕relief 雕刻，刻carve; Engrave（图案的）基本花纹motif 图案design 画像，雕像icon 画师，画匠limner 鉴定家，行家connoisseur 资助人patron 支援，保护，赞助patronage 文艺复兴renaissance 评论家，鉴定家critic 激进主义radicalism 保守主义conservatism 怀疑论者doubter 不可知论者agnostic 不信教的人，野蛮人，异教徒infidel 异教徒，邪教徒pagan 怀疑基督教/ 真理/宗教教条，无神论者愤世嫉俗者cynic 愤世嫉俗的cynical 无政府主义anarchism君主制monarchy 宪法constitution 立法legislationskeptic民主党the Democrats 共和党the Republicans 国会congress联邦政府federal government 美国独立战争AmericanRevolution; Independent war 美国内战the Civil War美国大萧条时期the Great Depression移民immigrant 移居者migrant 侨民emigrant 殖民者colonist大多数majority 少数派minority 祖先ancestors; Forefathers; progenitor; forbears 后代descendant; Successor; offspring;progeny; inheritor; 子女offspring; Issue 血统lineage; Ancestry;root 传统tradition; Heritage; custom 进化evolve; Evolution 适应adapt; Adaptation 生存survive; Survival适者生存survival of the fittest 濒临灭绝的动物endangeredanimals 灭绝extinction; Extinct 生态系统ecosystem 小生境heir niche 植物群flora 动物群fauna 生物多样性biological diversity食物链food chain 保护，保护森林/ 河道conservation 禁猎区preserve 温室效应greenhouse effect 臭氧层ozone layer 紫外辐射ultraviolet radiation 污染pollute; Pollution; contaminate; contamination 污染物pollutant 有毒的poisonous; Noxious; toxic废物rubbish; Waste 废料的处理the disposal of waste material噪音noise 噪音污染sound pollution 分贝decibel。
托福听力分科词汇
听力分科词汇（熟悉读音）第一类动物学ZoologyPrimate 灵长类Rodent 啮齿类Vertebrate 脊椎动物Invertebrate 无脊椎动物Reptile 爬行动物Amphibian 两栖动物Carnivore 食肉动物Carnivorous 食肉类的Herbivore 食草动物Omnivore 杂食动物Homoiotherm 恒温动物Poikilotherm 变温动物；冷血动物Tissure 组织Organ 器官Liver 肝Lung 肺Kidney 肾Front/back/rear legRespiratory system 呼吸系统Reproductive system 生殖系统Nerve system 神经系统Immune system 免疫系统Endocrine system 内分泌系统Excretory system 排泄系统Circulatory system 循环系统Blood vessel 血管Vein 静脉Artery 动脉Membrane 隔膜；细胞膜Compound 复眼Sloth 树懒Bat 蝙蝠Dolphin 海豚Turtle 绿毛龟Penguin 企鹅Phylum 门——class 纲——order 目——family 科——species 种Adder 小毒蛇Alge (复数algae)Anatomy 解剖学Anthropoid 类人猿Aquatic 水生的Armor 甲Asymmetric 不对称Baboon 狒狒Alligator 美洲鳄Ancestry 系谱；血统Animal cognition 动物的认知能力Antenna（复数antennae）触须Aquarium 养鱼池Arachnid 节肢动物Auk 海雀Beaver 水懒Biological vacuum 生物演变真空期Bivalve 双壳类Brant 黑雁Breed n.品种v.繁殖Burrow 洞穴Buffalo 美洲野牛Canary 金丝雀Carrion crow 吃腐肉的乌? Caterpillar 毛虫Caviar 鱼子酱Centipede 蜈蚣Chameleon 变色龙Chemical composition 化学成分Chimpanzee 黑猩猩Chipmunk 花栗鼠Chirp 叽叽喳喳叫Cicada 蝉Clam 蛤蜊Claw 爪子Cobra 眼镜蛇Cockroach 蟑螂Cocoon 蚕茧Coelenterate 腔肠动物Cricket 蟋蟀Darwinism 达尔文学说Degeneration 退化Digestive enzyme 消化酶Domesticate 驯养Echolocation 声波定位Entomology 昆虫学Fauna 动物群Fertilize 受精Genus 种类Grasshopper 蚂蚱Gregarious 群居的Hatch 孵化Herd 兽群Heredity 遗传Hibernation 冬眠Hormone 荷尔蒙Ingestion 摄食Insecticide 杀虫剂Larva 幼虫（复数larvae）Mandible 下颚Metamorphosis 变形Lizard 蜥蜴Mate 交配Mollusk 软体动物Monogamous 一雄一雌的Mutation 变种Offspring 后代Order 目Ornithology 鸟类学Oyster 牡蛎Paleontology 古生物学Parasite 寄生虫Polyandrous 一雌多雄的Prairie dog 草原犬鼠Rattlesnake 响尾蛇Regeneration 再生Rhinoceros 犀牛Ruminant 反刍动物Salamander 蝾螈Scale 鳞片Scuba 水下呼吸器Secretion 分泌Solitary 独居的Spawn 卵；产卵Spine 脊骨Spleen 脾Squid 鱿鱼Symbiosis 共生现象symbiotic 共生的Symmetry 对称Tentacle 触须Venom 毒液第二类植物学BotanyFoliage 叶子Stem 茎Trunk 树干Branch 树枝Bark 树皮Bud 花蕾Nectar 花蜜Moss 苔类Herb 草本类Fern 蕨类Fungus 菌类Hybrid 杂交植物Phobia 恐性Hydro-phobia 狂犬病Petal 花瓣Chlorophyll 叶绿素Stamen 花蕊Jasmine 茉莉Peony 牡丹Orchid 兰花Lotus 莲花Plum 梅花；李子第三类生物、微生物学Biology and Micro-biology Amino acid 氨基酸Antibody 抗体Biotical agency 生物媒介Calcium 钙Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Chromosome 染色体Disinfection 消毒Enzymes 酵母Fatigue （组织、器官等对刺激失去反应能力的）疲劳Fermentation 发酵Fungus 真菌Glucose 葡萄糖Immunology 免疫学Incubation 孵蛋Malaria 疟疾；瘴气Microorganism 微生物Microscopic 精微的Nucleus 细胞核Oxidation 氧化Parasitic disease 寄生虫病Pathogen 病菌Penicillin 青霉素Sanitation 卫生Schistosomiasis 血吸虫病Sterilization 杀菌Toxin 毒素Vaccine 疫苗Yeast 酵母第四类人类学与考古学Anthropology and archeology Excavate 挖掘excavation 出土Relics 文物古迹Stone Age 石器时代Iron Age 黑铁时代Bronze Age 青铜时代Neolithic 新石器时代Mesolithic 中石器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代Matriarchy 母系氏族Patrilineal 父系氏族Pottery 陶Ancient civilization 古代文明Antique 古董Archaic 古老的Artifact 人造物品Ascend 攀登Chronological 按年代排序的Clan 氏族Cranial 颅骨的Cultural relics 文物Exhume 掘出Hominid 原始人类Porcelain 瓷器Prehistoric 史前的Primitive 原始的Scoop 铲子Skull 头骨Tribe 部落第五类地理地质学Geography and geology美国五大湖：Huron 休伦湖Ontario 安大略湖Michigan 密歇根湖Erie 伊利湖Superior 苏比利尔湖Extinct volcano 死火山active volcano 活火山dormant 休眠火山Erupt 火山爆发eruption 爆发Magma 岩浆lava 岩浆Crater 火山口Core 地核Crust 地壳Mantle 地幔Layer/stratum 地层South Pole 南极North Pole 北极Antarctic 南极的Antarctica 南极洲Arctic 北极的Aurora 极光Equator 赤道Longitude 经度Latitude 纬度Altitude 海拔the Tropic of Cancer 北回归线the Tropic of Capricorn 南回归线Glacier 冰川Ice berg 冰山Seismology 地震学seismic waves 地震波Magnitude 震级Epicenter 震中Basin 盆地Plane 平原Plateau 高原Low land 低地Arm/gulf/bay 海湾the Great Salt Lake 大盐湖Yellowstone National Park 黄石公园Grand Canyon 大峡谷the Dead Valley 死谷Arid 干旱的Canal 运河Cleft 缝隙Cliff 悬崖Continental drift 大陆漂移Continental shelf 大陆架Contour 轮廓；等高线Cosmopolitan 世界性的Crack 裂缝Crest 山顶Debris 碎片Demolish 破坏；粉碎Deposit 堆积物；沉积物Diffuse 传播；扩散Disintegration 分解Elevation 抬高；高地Endemic 风土的；地方的Evaporation 蒸发Expedition 探险Extract 开采Fault plane 断层面Fieldstone 卵石Frost heaving 冻胀现象Geothermal 地热的Gorge 峡谷Hemisphere 半球Igneous rock 火成岩Incandescent 白炽的Infertile 贫瘠的Insular 海岛Insulate 隔离Ledge 矿脉Margin 边缘Marine 航海的Meridian 子午线Navigation 航海的Oasis 绿洲Offshore 离岸的Parallel 纬线Peninsula 半岛Precipice 悬崖Salinity 盐度Sediment 沉淀物Smelt 冶炼Strait 海峡Subsidiary 辅助的；补充的Subterrane 表层下基岩subterranean 地下的Tectonics 构造学Temperate 温带的Terrain 地形Terrestrial 地球的；陆地的Terrestrial magnetism 地磁Topography 地形；地形学Tropic 热带的Aluminum 铝Bonanza 富矿带Fault 断层Geologic survey 地质调查Geomagnetism 地磁学Granite 花岗岩Jurassic period 侏罗纪时期Landlocked area 内陆Lead 铅Limestone 石灰岩Lithosphere 岩石圈Lower reach 下游Metamorphic rock 变质岩Nickel 镍Northern Hemisphere 北半球Petrify 石化Platinum 白金；铂Quartz 石英Ravine 峡谷Reclaim 开垦Sedimentary rock 沉积岩Seismic prospecting 地震勘探Seismograph 地震仪Sodium 钠Speculate 推测Swamp 沼泽Sulfur 硫磺Tributary 支流Tropical rain forest 热带雨林Vertical 垂直的Watershed 分水岭Zinc 锌第六类法学Law庭审的三种方式：trial=prosecution 审判（private/public）、arbitration 仲裁、hearing 听证会Defendant 被告Prosecutor 刑事原告Plaintiff 民事原告Cop 警察Attorney 律师Judge 法官Suit 上诉Appeal 申诉appealent 申诉人Aerdict 陪审团意见Judgement 二审最终结果Jury panel 陪审团Capital punishment 极刑Sentence 刑期第七类商科Business and economyCompete competition competitorFree/pure compete 自由竞争Monopolistic compete 垄断竞争Supply and demand 供求Surplus 盈余Deficit 赤字run in redBoycott 联合抵制Devaluation 贬值Bubble economy 泡沫经济GDP gross domestic product 国内生产总值GNP gross national product 国民生产总值CPI consumer price index 消费价格指数Anti-dumping 反倾销Revenue/duty/tax 税收The federal 美联储Marketing: do market research (segmentation 市场细分/high-eral/low-eral) Sales: pre-sales after-sales第八类文学LiteratureRealism 现实主义Surrealism 超现实主义Modernism 现代主义Postmodernism 后现代主义Romance of three kingdoms 三国演义Red dreams of mansion 红楼梦Western journey 西游记Outlaws of marsh 水浒传Biography 传记文学Autobiography 自传Essay 杂记Prose 散文Epic 史诗Criticism 文学评论Thriller 恐怖小说Detective story 侦探小说Novel/fiction（虚构的）小说Editorial 社论的Leading character 主人公Legend 传说Proverb 谚语Schools of literature 文学流派第九类艺术Music Accompaniment 伴奏Aestheticism 唯美主义Allegory 寓言Ballad 民谣Epilogue 尾声Serenade 小夜曲Sonata 奏鸣曲Symphony 交响乐Time 节拍Architecture 建筑Art gallery 美术馆Autograph 真迹Calligraphy 书法Cathedral 大教堂Imitating 临摹Impressionistic style 印象派风格Landscape painting 山水画Mosque 清真寺Panorama 全景画Perspective 透视画法Portrait 肖像画Sketch 素描The statue of liberty 自由女神像The triumphal arch 凯旋门第十类哲学Philosophy Socrates 苏格拉底Plato 柏拉图Aristotle 亚里士多德The republic 理想国The law 法律Idealism 唯心主义Materialism 唯物主义Ration 理性emotion 感性第十一类气象学Meteorology Formation 形成Hail 冰雹Atmosphere 大气层Stratosphere 平流层Troposphere 对流层Current-air 气流Mass 气团warm/coldVapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发Droplet 小水珠Ice crystal 冰晶体Stratum 地层Updraft air 上升气流Downdraft air 下沉气流Temperate zone 温带Tropical 热带Frigid 寒带亚前加sub~Dew 露珠Mist 薄雾Drizzle 毛毛雨Avalanche snow 雪崩Tornado 龙卷风Blizzard 暴雪Tsunami 海啸Balmy 温和的Barometer 气压计Convection 对流Cumulonimbus 积雨云Damp 潮湿的Devastation 破坏Downpour 倾盆大雨Humidity 湿度Monsoon 季风Precipitation 降水Tempest 暴风雨Tepid 微温的Torrential rain 暴雨Tropical depression 热带低气压Typhoon 台风Wind scale 风级Wind velocity 风速第十二类天文学Astronomy Comet 彗星Star 恒星Planet 行星Mercury 水星Venus 金星Mars 火星Jupiter 木星Saturn 土星Uranus 天王星Neptune 海王星Pluto 冥王星Planet solar system 太阳系Asteroid belt 小行星带Meteor 流星Rotation 自转Revolution 公转Galaxy 银河Light year 光年Constellation 星座Sign 属相Orbit 轨道Astrology 占星术Ammonia 氨Astronaut 宇航员Astronomical object 天体Big dipper 北斗七星Celestial 天上的celestial body 天体Centrifugal force 离心力Centripetal force 向心力第十三类生理学PhysiologyNeutron nerve cell 神经元细胞Conduct bioelectricity 传导生物电Gliacell 胶质细胞：support neutron、conduct chemistryNuclear 细胞核Cytoplasm 细胞质Membrane 细胞膜Cell-wall 细胞壁Enzyme 酶Chromosome 染色体Gene mutation 基因突变Mutation of species 物种突变第十四类物理、化学和农业Physics、Chemistry and Agriculture Element table 元素周期表Platinum 铂金Aluminum 铝Lead 铅Nickel 镍Magnesium 镁Sodium 钠Uranium 铀Calcium 钙Mercury 水银Oxygen 氧Nitrogen 氮Ammonia 氨Silicon 硅Sulfur 硫Atom 原子Molecule 分子Nuclear 核Proton 质子Neutron 中子Electron 电子Particle 粒子Acceleration 加速度Acceleration of gravity 重力加速度Acoustics 声学Anode 正极Cathode 负极Combustion 燃烧Conservation of energy 能量守恒Decomposition 分解Dilution 稀释Distillation 蒸馏Electrode 电极Fluorescence 荧光Inorganic chemistry 无机化学Isotope 同位素Magnet 磁铁Mechanics 力学Newton’s laws of motion 牛顿运动定律Optics 光学Reagent 试剂Reduction 还原Reflection 反射Refraction 折射Resonance 共振Solution 溶液Test tube 试管Ultrasonic 超声波Ultraviolet ray 紫外线Uniform motion 匀速运动Voltage 电压Aquaculture 水产业Arable 可耕的Conservatory 温室Fertile 肥沃的Fodder 饲料Garlic 大蒜Granary 谷仓Graze 放牧Haystack 干草堆Horticulture 园艺Husbandry 管理Hydroponics 水耕法Indigenous 本土的Livestock 家畜Orchard 果园Plantation 种植园Prolific 多产的Silt 淤泥Tractor 拖拉机。
托福听力词汇分类总结
托福阅读、听力词汇分类总结EDUCATIONSchooling kindergarten primary primary-school elementary elementary-school secondary secondary-school university college normal-university key-university comprehensive comprehensive-university technical technical-school vocationalvocational-certificate organization union the-students'-union canteenuniversity-medical-service campus campus-clinic auditorium library laundry dormitory laboratory semester option course counsel counseling-center remediation classmate monitor genial fatherly supervise exalt praise supplicated follow imitate exhibit attend administrate graduate postgraduate doctor specialized principle textbook video lecture recite pronounce repetition imitation compose repeatSubjects compulsory compulsory-course mandatory mandatory-subject mathematics physics chemistry biology politics history geography P.E. geology literature science sociology philosophy psychology engineering medicine astronomy economics law finance architecture ethnology botany zoologyMathematics mathematician arithmetic calculation calculator abacus numeral sum aggregate fraction decimal decimal-fraction decimal-point digit percentage addition plus subtraction minus minus-sign multiplication multiplication-table multiply power square division divide algebra equation formula root geometry geometric dimension parallel parallel-lines quadrilateral area rectangle polygon cube volume circle ellipse oval cone circumference diameter radius triangle angle degree differential calculus differential-calculus integral-calculus function probability statistics quantitative deduction inference inductionPhysics mechanics acoustics electromagnetism optics dynamics force velocity acceleration equilibrium motion inertia gravitation relativity gravity vibration media frequency wavelength pitch intensity echo resonance sonar electricitystatic static-electricity magnetism magnet electromagnet magnetic magnetic-field electric-current direct-current alternating-current electric-circuit electric-charge electric-voltage electric-shock electric-appliance conductor insulator semiconductor battery cell dry-battery storage-battery electronics electronic electronic-component integrated circuit integrated circuit chip electron-tube vacuum vacuum-tube transistor amplification amplify oscillation optical optical-fiber lens convex concave microscope telescope magnifier spectrum ultraviolet x-rays gamma-rays infrared-rays microwaves transparent translucent opaqueChemistry chemical property chemical-property chemical-composition chemical-makeup agent chemical-agent chemical-reaction chemical-change bond chemical-bond apparatus substance matter material element periodic periodic-table hydrogen oxygen nitrogen helium carbon calcium silicon sulfur iodine compound hydrocarbon derivative alchemy petroleum petroleum-products crude-oil refine gasoline methane solution dissolve solvent solubility cohesion adhesion atom nucleus electron neutron proton molecule particle particle-accelerator ion catalysis catalyst artificial synthetic synthetic-fiber polymer polymerization plastic dyeInfant Education infant immature na?ve curious inquisitive emulate slothful ignorant selfish shortsighted self-centered bias naughty diffident dependentself-respect self-control allowance social interpersonal rational moral attain preference foster interact behavior blame mental intellectual potential agile creative intellect imagination activity clumsy stimulate respond puzzle distract nature leadLIVING ORGANISMHuman Evolution era Eolithic Neolithic tribe hominid primate chimp ape gorilla anthropoid caveman dweller skeleton molar intelligence transition mutation resemble capacity capability specimen coexist famine originate homogeneousclan stone-ageiron-age Paleolithic Mesolithic cranialLaboring Activities dig spade shovel furrow pluck pioneer develop pick cultivate spear club defensive rough sharpen hunt grab poultry tame domesticate slaughter fatigue workable inventive facility tackle net handmade maintain apprentice blacksmith silversmith reposeHuman Body Structure skull brain forehead eyebrow eyelid eyelash eye ear cheek mouth lip tongue tooth chin neck throat shoulder wrist elbow finger thumb chest heart intestine liver kidney stomach lung belly waist hip spine knee shin heel toe thigh ankleAnimal Species marine aquatic dolphin seal selfish crab prawn lobster terrestrial mammal chimpanzee reindeer zebra amphibian bat bedbug beetle spider firefly dragonfly rooster dove kingfisher swallow eagle nightingale peacock penguin woodpeckerBody Structure of Animals beak wing feather limb talon fell fur hoof horn breast flank paw fin gill tentacle antenna claw ventral abdomenInhabiting habitat continent rainforest Antarctic Arctic burrow cave cavern den grassland honeycomb lair nest nestle perch roost menagerie pigpen pigsty pond fishbowlHabits and Characteristics truculent feral ferocious fiendish fierce combative cultivated meek tractable dociletimid cunning gregarious hive herbivorous carnivorous omnivorous nocturnal ecdysisBreeding and Migration inbreeding mate copulate multiply propagate multiply propagate reproduce crossbreed thoroughbred pregnant childbearing parturition calf offspring whelp runt mature migrate immigratePlant Species azalea peony lotus orchid daffodil gardenia laurel bush shrub evergreen cypress willow holly ivy olive scrub palm oak elm aspen pine bamboo cotton reed straw hay tissue spore bean cabbage carrot cauliflower cress cucumber eggplant garlic oat onion pea peanut potato pumpkin radish tomato almond cherry coconut grape lemon mango peach pear pineapple strawberry walnut watermelon Plant CultivationPlant Growthseed sprout bud germinate bloom pollen blossom blown wither shrivel wiltdefoliate blight decompose rot perish putrefy toxin stalk stem trunk parasite transplant transpiration photosynthesis respiration fertilizer lush thrive ripe proliferous pullulatePlant Colors violet lavender mauve purple magenta rosy sanguine scarlet reddish pink ivory milky jade verdant maize yellowish golden maroon chocolate sandy brown grizzle indigo azure palePlant Application bouquet perfume garland wreath beautify textile horticulture carpenter charcoal nutriment honey brew popcorn yogurt beverage wineASTRONOMY AND GEOGRAPHYHeavenly Bodies cosmos milky-way galaxy constellation interstellar luminarygreen finger gardener planter peasantimplantation muck manure hose irrigatepesticide harvest reapcrop breed harrow plough hoe graft drain scissor trim weed mow fertilizepetal calyx corolla fragrant florescencecelestial solar nova supernova stellar cynosure shooting-star comet nucleus quasar sidereal starlet planet planetary Venus Mars Saturn Mercury Jupiter asteroid lunarAstronomical Phenomena chromosphere aureole eclipse eyewitness fantastic sunset sunglow impact polychrome aurora zenith solstice nebula meteorite meteor sunspot weightlessness revolution rotation phase crescent coincidence tide astronomerdrift float horizon axis sphereAstronomical Technology astronaut cosmonaut spacecraft shuttle hatch spacesuit rocket satellite controller instrument module cabinet prototype radar screen screw experimental maiden unmanned liftoff launch eject kindle insulation sacrifice shock synchronous deploy accelerate fuel observe base planetarium observatory astrolabe sundial almanac astrology horoscope magnetosphere orbit globe aerospace atmosphere light-year mission probe explodeTopographies and Landforms terrain physiognomy alpine barren bluff cliff cape crest bog marsh moorland canyon valley cavern cove foothill highland plateau tableland upland terrace meadow oasis peninsula plain prairie reef iceberg volcano crater slope tributary downstream deltaRocks and Minerals mineral ore basalt bauxite crystal diamond dripstone emerald flint gem granite jade lime marble mineral-deposit moonstone opal quartz ruby turquoise spa bedrock gravel boulder cobble pebble coalmine lode quarry prospecting dowseGeographical Phenomena backwash cascade convection debris-flow erosion soil-erosion landslide rupture sediment weathering circulation erupt dormant collide deposit scour alluvialClimate monsoon subtropics subtropical littoral continental coastal oceanic Mediterranean moisture humid grassy drought arid semiarid seasonal annual variable global regional abnormality abominable disgusting wicked wile execrable delightful pleasant temperate polarWeather forecast weather-forecast predict blizzard drizzle downpour sleet raindrop intermittent freakish barometric scale subzero frost icicle flake chilly icyfrigid dew hail lightning fog thunder moderate violent squall trade breeze gale cyclone hurricane typhoon tornado headwind gusty flood tsunami smoky muggy sultry scorching smotherGeographic Terminology equator meridian latitude longitude perigee torrid tropical macroclimate continental-shelf oceanic-trench glacial megarelief mollisol permafrost migration markstone vegetation humidity multimeter multisensor nephograph nonius pantograph pedometer penetrometer perforatorLiving Environment biosphere ecosystem environment fauna fenland flora mountainous preserve reciprocal reserve settlement tropic wetland zonePollution infrared ultraviolet radiation ozone ozone-layer noxious toxic waste solid-waste sewage-disposal purification decibel dump ecologist rain-forest food-chain pollution-free pollutant acid acid-rain carcinogen contamination pollute pollution discharge disposable drainage effluent leakage sewage emission greenhouse-effect radioactive misshapen exhaust fume spit junk litter trash lumber overexploitation exhaustion abate shortage desertification destruction deterioration endangered disaster hazardous red-tide sandstormEnvironmental Protection Measures administration convention declaration awareness obligation penalty propagandize utilization afforestation windbreak greening landscaping green-industry protection conservation decontaminate purifier disposal filtration separator dike landfill biodegradable degradable environment-friendly economization recovery sustainable recycle recyclable renewableSCIENTIFIC RESEARCHArcheology ruin remains relic antique antiquity archeologist excavation excavate unearth artifact archaeology acclimate accustom adapt adjust ancient biological degenerate evidence evolution evolve extinct fossil gene genetic gradual inheritance maladaptive optimization origin procedure species supersede survive variationTechnological Production digital device monitor sensor scanner laptop LCD processor hardware cable interface software operating-system network homepagemulti-media download password accessory portableApplication and Development innovation computerize internet log-on log-off hyperlink online memory decipher commercial profitable automatic intricate substitute technology robot impact overthrowInvention and Creation create creation invent invention devise contrive originate originality patent multifunction apply necessity advanced profit valuableENTERPRISETrades agriculture fishery butchery manufacture masonry joinery lumbering glazing mining shipbuilding aviation utilities journalism insurance tourism retailing advertising moonlighting intermediary underwriter hairdressing textile hosieryModern Agriculture agricultural silt cold agrarian pilot rural idyllic irrigation farm-animal farm-car farm-crane farm-product farm-vehicle farm-working farming farming-season autarkic tractor combine cowboy ranch cross pasture contract mechanize smallholder pastoral graze nomadicEnterprise Classification venture joint-venture enterprise SOE FOE Sino-foreign-joint-ventures cartel combine conglomerate cooperative corporation lose-making profit-making public-institutionCompetition opponent rival respectable admirable upright appreciate sportsmanship impartial unjust inimical vilify befoul telltale skullduggery malign underestimate undercut outbid promotion appraise debt bankruptImport and Export importation exportation commerce transaction rebate purchase bulk bulk-sale distribution hire-purchase installment installment-plan dispute consultation mediation tariff delivery transit warehouse endorse receipt clearance liquidation dumping anti-dumping barrier trade-barrier domestic external overseasProducts and Services commodity merchandise appliance utensil machinery component assemble condiment confectionery cosmetic dairy feedstuff mobile telecommunication electronic energy-saving glassware porcelain headwear household logisticstationeryAdvertising and Publicizing advertisement brand communication target consumercustomer persuasion cognition motivation marketing brainwash promote model strategy popularity magnify exaggerate impact irreplaceable irresponsiblenonprofit leaflet tract junk-mail billboard posterCommercial Policy convention alliance policy implement bilateral mutual mutually recognition abide negotiate repeal countervail violate undermine elimination liberalization beneficial intransigence economic operational investment guarantee propertyCommercial OrganizationsWTO IMF CTG EFTA AFTA JCCT NAFTA UNCTAD GATTPrice and Insurance duty customs charge freight due commission surcharge import-surcharge allowance damage variable import-variable-duties FOB net capital fund retail retail-price wholesale wholesale-price fluctuate compensation pilferage valuation parent-company directorate chairman headquarter personnel branch-office business-office personnel-department human-resources-department general-affairs-department accounting auditing sales sales-department sales-promotion-department international-department public-relations-department planning-department brainpower research-and-development-departmentsecretarial secretarial-pool teamwork unitedPosition administrator president principal minister ambassador official director director-general executive supervisor accountant broker cashier jobber analyst coordinator decorator architect engineer technician professor assistant lecturer tutor librarian consultant intern proofreader agent receptionist recruitersecurity staffResponsibility arrange cooperate demonstration disposition handle documentation registration statistic fulltime permanent part-time temporary installation interpret modification negotiation promotionLabor Unions organize union guild society association consortium unionizeguildhall advocate convener conflict defuse instigate safeguard nonunion voluntary non-governmentalOffice Supplies computer mouse keyboard printer electrograph cabinet drawernotebook ball-print vase pencil-vase clip tack file envelope lampJob Hunting and Recruitment want-ad recruit request applicant application apply recommendation resume job-hopping job-hunt investigate identify assessmentcandidate inform interview hesitate relax ease presentation describe confident contact participate feedback panelJob Requirements accountable aggressive adaptable capable diploma bachelor collaboration coordination team-work sedulity diligence faithful initiative persistent practical experienced familiarity professional proficiency proficient resourceful tactful knowledgeable logical flexibilityEmployment employment counselor inquiry career content job-market well-paid white-collar blue-collar overtime qualified cautious enthusiasm attitude motivation compete team-spirit impression letter-of-reference appoint nominate promote annoy isolate bossy dismiss shelve lay-off layoff pension bonus tax enrollment register leave attendance check-on-work-attendance schedule agendaCareer DevelopmentEntrepreneur prospect expand improvement promising lifelong raiseCULTUREArt GenresClassicism romanticism realism symbolism impressionism expressionism naturalism existentialism fauvism abstract-art cubism Byzantine futurism RomanesqueGothic BaroquePainting and SculptureExhibition gallery salon inspiration artist sculptor pigment crayon brush chalk frame canvas sketch portrait watercolor landscape seascape engraving nude caricature tracing plaster clay profile engrave carve statue bronze vivid lifelikeLiterature and DramaMasterpiece essay anthology prose novel biography allegory myth fiction science-fiction criticism satire reportage attractive thought-provoking copyright poet poetry poem ode sonnet verse rhyme playwright theatre drama comedy farce mummery perform plot episode denouementLanguage Origin and UsageAboriginal exotic Latin Greek Rome French orient communicate lingual bilingual linguist linguistic verbal oral pronunciation accent stress fluent coherent articulate vocabulary expression phrase clause adage byword idiom proverb motto slang jargon ironyMusic and DanceMusician songster pianist soloist soprano tenor bass conductor rap rock jazz symphony blues R&B bassoon flute violin piano pantomime opera ballet anthem solo lyrics melody rhythm time composition cassette microphone step ballroom arena popMovieFilmdom first-run-cinema continuous-performance-cinema projector showing screening premiere festival film-festival certificate censor's-certificate distributor director producer adaptation adapter scenarist stagehandactor leading-actor actress leading-actress supporting-role costar cinematographer utility-man stand-in stunt stunt-man swordsman cast screenplay script exterior lighting shooting shooting-schedule special-effects slow-motion montage sound-effects dub studio property spotlight serial trailer silent-cinema sound-motion picture newsreel documentary literary-film musical tragedy swordsmen-film detective-film ethical ethical-film affectional affectional-filmBroadcastingBroadcast wave transmitter receiver signal preside anchor anchorperson newscast newscaster audience fair-sounding talkative DJ BBC VOA program rank ranks hotline consult announceNewsPress news-agency wire-service news-conference carry censor release journalist accredit accredited-journalist correspondent stringer contributing-editor copy-editor contributor columnist free-lancer journal weekly periodical quarterly newssheet extra supplement chart column contribution press-release title caption cartoon photograph headline banner update newsletter breaking-news fudge bulletin highlight affair anecdote back-alley-news rumor slander grapevine expose abstract brief boil-down digest editorialTraditions and CustomsConvention custom habitude civilization legacy aboriginal ancestor background antiquated timeworn dated unique folk extinction preserve diversityFolkwaysFolkway civilian honest virtuous unsophisticated sophisticated hypocritical plain sincere warmhearted zealous intense hospitable humaneTranscultural CommunicationCommunication culture misunderstanding barrier promote enhance exchange respectPublishingPress compile edit proofread publish stack volume dictionary subscribe issue hardcover pap erback e-book editi on han dbook p irated catalogue table-of —ontents content flyleaf preface index introduction chapter author signatureLIVINGClothingCostume dress suit tuxedo jacket sweater sportswear vest shirt tie pant sock sneaker blouse skirt jumper jean underwear bikini gown robe lace cap hat scarfglove shabby gorgeous luxurious formfitting skintight corpulent layette mantle cloak hood shawl brief waistcoat slipper sandal trainer gumshoe high-heels loafer wellies boot dot stripe embroidery linen knitting knitwear tweed corduroy satin flannelHabitationProvince town county countryside capital metropolis shopping-centre downtown uptown district residential residential-area urban suburb outskirt slum village hamlet locality shelter house building skyscraper flat shed cabin hut refuge townhouse cell basement apartment villa tent castleHouse DecorationDecorate decoration ornament layout outline furniture heater ceiling skylight spacious capacious simple crude traditional classical modern fashionable stylish comfortable toilet lavatory washroom balcony transom windowsillHousewaresArmchair easy-chair stool footstool bench tea-table bookcase wardrobe built-in wardrobe bookshelf closet chest-of-drawers sofa screen fug carpet mattress quilt blanket tapestry sheet bedspread dressing-table bath-towel towel-rack sponge curtain shutter kettle cooker pressure-cooker ladle oven microwave toaster dishwasher air-condition air-conditioning electric electric-cooker electric-fan electric-iron chandelier pendant pendant-lamp fluorescent fluorescent-lamp reading-lamp desk-lamp bedside-lamp floor-lamp lampshade bulb bulb-holder switch socket plug refrigerator television washer washing-machine flashlight vacuum vacuum-cleanerNutritionNutrition variety nourishment vitamin protein fiber dextrose amino-acid grain cereal vegetable vegetarian choosy tasteless nutrient balanced intake digest metabolism indigestion nourish absorbFood and DrinkBeef veal pork mutton lamb duck seafood shrimp crab bacon ham sausage frankfurter steak rib cream butter cheese snack junk-food biscuit hamburger toast cookie sandwich pizza spaghetti dessert pudding broth salad pepper vinegar spice seasoning stew appetite juice lemonade soda cocktail sherry champagneRestaurantRestaurant cafeteria dining-room flavor delicious spicy horrible terrible book reserve chef waitress waiter knife fork menu bill tip economicalShoppingSupermarket department department-store mall flea-market clerk sales-promotion discount reduction secondhand bargain stockBody-BuildingGymnasium coach equipment instruction aerobics aerobic oxygen endurance muscle tired message pant gasp physical stature bonny towel sweat membership fee shadowboxing kickboxing Yoga jog hikeVehicleVessel dugout rowboat canoe ferry ferryboat raft skiff steamer yacht motorboat lifeboat cabin stateroom tourist-class first-class first-class-cabin steerage freighter cargo-boat tanker patrol-boat frigate gunboat bus minibus coach texitexi-rank texi-stand taxicab trailer compact-car lorry wagon moped motorbike motorcycle ambulance jeep limousine roadster trolley tramcar streetcar underground tube subway conductor railway railroad express-train fast-train through-train stopping-train excursion-train commuter commuter-train suburban-train carriage sleeper berth bunk booking-office ticket-office ticket-collector platformplatform-ticket left-luggage-office terminal terminus car-attendant train-attendant rack transfer civil-aviation aircraft airplane airliner jet airline boarding-check airport air-terminal tarmac air-hostess stewardess stewardaircraft-crew pilot takeoffVoyageTourist journey route itinerary do-it-yourself independent guide travel-agent agency travel-agency guidebook transportation vehicle voyage destination sightsee sight scene scenery motel reservation passport expire luggage memento souvenirFamily RelationsFamily-tree generation lineage stock origin kin ancestry extraction descent noble-birth humble-birth next-to-kin forebear forefather affinity offspring descendantprogeny relative relation premarital cousin sibling rely newlywed bride bridegroom bridesmaid beatific harmony rapport reverent gracious venerate spoil cosset henpecked gentle gap illegitimate strict scold brutal tough separate divorce abandon adopt stepfather stepmother stepson orphan rejoinFriendship and LovePal colleague roommate fraternal neighborly reliable loyalty easygoing deceptive sociable gauche unfriendly eccentric betray cheat dump quarrel indifferent passive impassive nonchalant troublemaker odious censorious tolerate bighearted ingenuous amiable beneficent charm lovesick amorous passionate beloved pious pursue engage marry wedding church partner nullDiseasesAutism barrenness complication anemia amnesia allergy sleepwalking phobia tuberculosis rabies pinkeye sunstroke asthma tumor virus alcoholism pathology psychiatric venereal inflamed tumid turgid wan paralytic chronic acute communicable contagious remittent infectMedicineHeal therapy convalesce recuperate hospitalization medicate psychoanalyze antidote relapse exacerbate aggravate surgery specialist surgeon physician dentist oculist pediatric chemist dispenser matron remediable incurable curative analgesic antibacterial balm cure-all sanatorium scalpel sickbay ward sickbed medication remedy pill tablet capsule powder dose dosage aspirin tranquillizer laxative pain-killer antibiotic drug lotion tonic prescription pharmacy symptom generic-drug pharmaceutical herb injection cure treatment course alleviate soothe medical pharmacist side-effect potent effectiveBad HabitsInhale marijuana poppy addiction junkie stub tobacco cigarette ashtray drunkard inebriate libation bibulous alcohol liquor tipple toast refrain abstinenceteetotal temperance gamble gluttony oversleep vigil indulge abuse wallowSOCIAL ISSUESSocial configurationSlave slavery kingdom capitalist feudalism feudalist capitalism communism communistRaceRace racial ethnic racism segregation racialism genocidal minority ethnicity look-down-upon discriminate discrimination prejudice riot segregate isolation equal dark-skinned ghetto immigrantCrimeCrime commit delinquency sin offence kidnap abduct robbery blackmail extortion hijack murder assassinateviolence rape arson counterfeiting pirate computer-fraud smuggle smuggling traffic drug-trafficking swindle guilty criminal gangster blackguard ringleader polarization soar frustration desperation unemploymentJudicatureProsecution accuse adjudicate convict deprive verdict evidence criminal-record intention motivation gang court judge jury trial justice judicial courtroom venue witness victim lawyer attorney defend sanction arrest illegal legitimateFeminismFeminism feminist equality opportunity campaign revolution sponsor involve approve decry criticizeATHLETIC SPORTSBall GamesTennis basketball volleyball badminton baseball soccer hockey golf bat rugby handball cricket ice-hockey football billiards bowls forecourt forehand ballplayer ballpark infield outfield backboard court goal goalpost judge goalkeeper fullback backfield forward centerTrack and FieldAthlete relay relay-race hurdling marathon sprint dash pole-vault gavelock race middle-distance-race cross-country-race hurdle the 400-meter-hurdle hurdler decathlon high-jump long-jump broad-jump triple-jump hop step-and-jump vault throwing shop putting-the-shot shot-put discus throwing-the-discus hammerthrowing-the-hammer javelin walk foot-raceOthersChampion skiing skating boxing jogging diving springboard gymnast gymnastics horizontal horizontal-bar parallel-bars ring trapeze side-horse pommel pommelled-horse weight-lifting wrestling Greece-roman-wrestling judo fencing winter-sports downhill-race slalom ski-jump ice-skating figure-skating figure-skating roller-skating。
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植物学botany植物学botanical / botanic植物学的horticulture园艺学aquatic plant 水生植物parasite plant 寄生植物root 根canopy树冠层/顶棚foliage / leaf 叶leaflet 小叶rosette（叶的）丛生stem 茎stalk杆leafstalk叶柄shoot / sprout 嫩芽/抽枝flower花bud花蕾petal花瓣peel / skin果皮shell（硬）果壳husk（干）果壳/（玉米苞叶trunk树干bark树皮branch树枝bough大或者粗的树枝twig小树枝jungle丛林lawn草meadow草地/牧场prairie大草原mosses苔藓shrub / bush灌木cluster一簇（灌木）fern蕨类植物horsetails木贼类植物club mosses石松类植物herb草photosynthesis光合作用chlorophyll 叶绿素symbiosis共生symbiotic 共生的wither / shrivel / fade凋谢blossom花pollen花粉pollinate传授花粉petal花瓣nectar花蜜tissue 组织organ器官system 系统seeds种子everlasting永久的crossbreed杂交root pressure根压bore腔/肠cohesion-tension凝聚压力column花柱necrosis坏死barren 贫瘠的；不生育的futile无用的carbohydrate (starch)碳水化合物（淀粉）glucose葡萄糖starch淀粉fat 脂肪protein蛋白质vitamin 维他命malnourished营养不良的nutrition 营养perennial 多年一生的annual一年一生的verdant 嫩绿的，翠绿的evergreen常青树conifer tree针叶树larch落叶松pine松树spruce云杉juniper 刺柏；杜松sequoia红杉elm榆树walnut核桃树redwood红木树plum blossom 梅花orchid兰花chrysanthemum 菊花water lily荷花/莲花rhododendron杜鹃花carnation康乃馨jasmine茉莉花helianthus / heliotrope /sunflower向日葵camellia 茶花corn / maize / mealie玉米pumpkin南瓜tomato番茄lettuce莴苣cabbage卷心菜wheat小麦rye黑麦barley大麦oats燕麦微生物学antibody 抗体toxin毒素immunity免疫immunology免疫学vaccine疫苗fungus真菌bacteria细菌fermentation发酵inflection 传染/ 感染microorganism / microbe微生物virus病毒disinfection消毒sterilization 灭菌生物学biology生物学marine biology海洋生物学entomology昆虫学ornithology鸟类学microbiology微生物学genetics遗传学speciology物种学parasitology寄生虫学paleontology古生物学paleontologist古生物学家dinosaur恐龙die out / extinction灭绝mammal哺乳动物carnivore食肉动物rodent啮齿类动物underwater水下的marine海洋的scuba水下呼吸器diving潜水/ 跳水one-celled organism单细胞有机体tissue（动植物细胞的）组织protective camouflage保护色predator 捕猎者oceanic snail蜗牛animal adaptation动物适应性survival of the fittest适者生存origin of species物种起源wild environment野生环境insecticide杀虫剂prenatal care产后护理habitat栖息地tentacle触须prey 捕食navigate 导航tiny receptor接收器nerve / specimen 物种amphibian两栖类动物decline in the number数量减少gene基因genetic基因的endangered species濒危动物survival活着的transition 转变/过渡microbe 微生物yeast酵母（菌）bacteria细菌single-cell单细胞reptile爬行类动物hatch孵化incubation孵化nest巢offspring子孙chew up咀嚼unfertilized eggs未受精卵nutrient营养品nourishment营养品/ 食物feed喂养cannibalism同类相食respiration呼吸ingestion摄食digestion消化digestive enzyme消化酶cell细胞nucleus细胞核cytoplasm细胞质plasma lemma / cellmembrane 细胞膜cell wall 细胞壁protein蛋白质amino acid 核酸plankton 浮游生物heredity遗传mutation of species 物种变异chromosome染色体genetic engineering遗传工程solitary独居social群居bio-diversity生物多样性metamorphosis变态/ 变形mutation变种variation变异动物学zoology动物学Darwinism达尔文学说natural selection自然选择phylum门class纲order目suborder 亚目family科genus属species种invertebrate无脊椎动物vertebrate脊椎动物aquatic life 水生动物reptile 爬行动物amphibian / amphibious animal 两栖动物protozoa 原生动物rodent 啮齿动物ruminant 反刍动物parasitic animal寄生动物primate灵长动物plankton浮游生物mollusk软体动物coelenterate 腔肠动物（如水母、海蜇、珊瑚等）herbivore 食草动物mammal哺乳动物homotherm 恒温动物cold-blooded animal冷血动物poikilotherm变温动物scavenger食腐动物carnivorous食肉的herbivorous食草的omnivorous杂食的bird鸟类camouflage伪装hibernate冬眠；蛰伏regeneration 再生predatory / carnivore食肉的predator捕食者prey捕食hordes / swarms（昆虫等）群flock（牛、羊等）群community动物的群落或人的部落population种群herd 兽群hygiene卫生sanitation 公共卫生；卫生设施monogamous 一夫一妻的/一雌一雄的polygamous 一夫多妻的/一雄多雌的polyandrous 一妻多夫的/一雌多雄的nomadic游牧的；流浪的trapper诱捕动物者niche小生态环境vestige退化器fertilizer使受精metabolism新陈代谢breed（名词）品种；（动词）繁殖multiply / reproduce繁殖spawn（鱼、虾、蛙等）孵anatomy 解剖学appetite食欲creature生物scales鳞feathers羽毛armor甲spinal cord 脊椎digestive system消化系统excretory system排泄系统reproductive syste生殖系统circulatory system循环系统respiratory system呼吸系统hormonal system内分泌系digestive duct 消化管esophagus食管stomach胃small intestine小肠largeintestine大肠anus肛门digestive gland 消化腺salivary gland唾液腺liver肝gallbladder胆pancreas 胰水生动物jellyfish水母nettle fish海蜇coral珊瑚dolphin 海豚whale鲸鱼shrimp 小虾prawn对虾lobster龙虾crab螃蟹mussel贻贝；蚌类clam 蛤蜊oyster牡蛎sponge海绵starfish海星squid鱿鱼；乌贼burro / octopus 章鱼sole 鳎；鳎目鱼plaice 鲽，红斑比目鱼哺乳动物squirrel松鼠marten貂bat蝙蝠squeak（老鼠等）吱吱otter水獭antelope羚羊gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩baboon狒狒hyena鬣狗moose驼鹿beaver海狸elk麋鹿reindeer 驯鹿giraffe长颈鹿rhinoceros犀牛hippo河马sloth 树懒slothful 懒惰的两栖动物、爬行动物frog 青蛙tadpole 蝌蚪salamander蝾螈scorpion蝎子turtle龟lizard蜥蜴chameleon变色龙cay men / crocodile鳄鱼centipede蜈蚣鸟类robin知更鸟owl猫头鹰barnacle 北极鹅penguin企鹅canary 金丝雀chirp（鸟、虫的叫声）vulture秃鹫crane鹤stork鹳ptarmigan雷鸟migrate迁移plumage羽体camouflage伪装wing翅膀bill （鸟）嘴beak（鹰等的）嘴昆虫insect昆虫wasp黄蜂hornet 大黄蜂spider 蜘蛛pest 害虫worm虫/蠕虫cicada蝉mantis 螳螂cockroach 蟑螂earthworm蚯蚓antenna / tentacle触须larva幼虫生态学ecology生态学ecosystem生态系统balance of nature自然界生态平衡fauna动物群flora植物群rain forest雨林food chain食物链acid rain酸雨greenhouse温室效应infrared radiation红外线辐ozone layer / ozonosphere臭氧层ultraviolet radiation紫外辐pollution control污染控制air pollution空气控制water pollution水污染noxious / toxic有毒的fumes（有毒的）废气waste废物solid waste 固体废物sewage / wastewater污水sewage purification污水净化swage disposal污水处理decibel（噪音）分贝能源和环境fossil fuel 矿物燃料process of photo synthesis光合作用solar energy太阳能nonrenewable不可再生的energy conservation保护能源resource资源energy source能源资源tidal energy潮汐能fuel-efficient节能型的rush hour 高峰期zero emission零辐射wildness 野生/天然preservation保护atmosphere大气carbon碳dioxide二氧化物burning of coal and oil煤油燃烧global warming全球变暖greenhouse effect温室效应rise in sea level海平面上升long-term climatic change长期的气候变化environmental recyclingcenter再循环利用中心litter/trash garbage 垃圾pollutant污染物desertification沙漠化deforest滥伐森林drought干旱water shortage水源缺乏offshore spillage近海岸溢出carbon dioxide release二氧化碳排放industrial sewage工业污水recycling再循环purify净化deteriorate 恶化acid rain 酸雨sewage disposal污水处理environment protection环境保护ozone layer臭氧层waste disposal 废物处理emission（汽车废气的）排放soot 烟尘El Niño 厄尔尼诺现象天文学astronomy天文学astronomical observatory 天文台planetarium天文馆astrophysics天文物理学astrology 占星学pseudoscience伪科学cosmos / universe 宇宙cosmology宇宙infinite无限的cosmic宇宙的cosmic radiation宇宙辐射cosmic rays宇宙射线celestial 天体的celestial body / heavenly body 天体celestial map / sky atlas 天体图celestial sphere 天球dwarf / dwarf star 矮星quasar 类星体constellation星座galaxy / Milky Way银河系star cluster星团asterism星群solar system太阳系solar corona日冕solar eclipse日食solar radiation太阳辐射planet行星planetoid / asteroid 小行星revolve旋转twinkle 闪烁naked eye肉眼Mercury水星Venus金星Earth地球Mars火星Jupiter 木星Saturn土星Uranus天王星Neptune海王星Pluto冥王星orbit轨道spin 旋转satellite卫星lunar月球的meteor流星meteor shower流星雨star恒星meteoroid流星体meteorite陨石comet彗星space / outer space 太空，外层空间spacecraft / spaceship 宇宙飞船space shuttle航天飞机space telescope空间望远镜astronaut / spaceman宇航员space suit宇航服stellar 恒星的intergalactic星系间的interstellar恒星间的interplanetary行星间的asteroid小行星nebula星云space debris太空垃圾ammonia氨photosphere光球；光球层chromospheres色球；色球层chromospheres-coronatransition zone色球-日冕过渡层sunglow日冕sunspot太阳黑子（发生在光球层）flare耀斑（发生在色球层）solar prominence 日珥（发生在色球层）convection zone对流层vacuum真空infrared ray 红外线absolute magnitude绝对量级emission发射/散发high-resolution高清晰度interferometer 干扰仪，干涉仪illusive object 幻影体faint 微弱的image 影像gravitational force 吸引力molten融化的leap year 闰年rotation 自传revolution公转black hole黑洞ultraviolet ray 紫外线luminosity 光度light year光年气象学meteorology气象meteorologist气象学家meteorological station气象站forecast / predict预报climate气候atmosphere大气层troposphere对流层stratosphere平流层mesosphere中间层ionosphere电离层exosphere 逸散层cold front冷锋warm air mass 热气团current（气）流moisture 潮湿，水气spell某种天气持续一段时vapor 蒸汽evaporate蒸发damp / moist / humid潮湿humidity湿度moisture潮湿saturate 饱和dew 露frost霜fog / mist雾smog烟droplet小水condense浓缩crystal水晶体sheet（水、冰、雪的）一层downpour / torrential rain大雨tempest (storm) / torrentialrain暴风雨drizzle细雨shower阵雨hail冰雹blizzard / snowstorm暴风雪avalanche / snow slide雪崩precipitation（雨、露、雪等）降水thunder 雷breeze微风sandstorm沙暴monsoon季风gale大风whirlwind旋风typhoon 台hurricane飓风tornado / twister / cyclone龙卷风wind scale风级tsunami / seismic sea wave海啸tidal wave潮汐；浪潮upper atmosphere上层大气funnel漏斗云disaster / calamity /catastrophe灾难devastation破坏submerge淹没drought旱灾convection对流wind velocity风速wind direction风向long-range forecast 长期预报numerical weather prediction数值天气预报nephanalysis 云层分析；卫星云图地理学hemisphere 半球meridian子午线/ 经线parallel 平行圈latitude 纬线longitude 经线/ 经度elevation 海拔altitude 高度/ 海拔horizon 地平线equator 赤道temperature latitudes温带地区tropics 热带地区Arctic / the North Pole 北极Antarctic / Antarctica 南极the Antarctic Continent南极洲the Antarctic Circle 南极圈the Arctic Circle北极圈aurora极光tropics of Cancer 北回归线tropics of Capricorn 南回归线international date line 国际日期变更线time difference 时差time zone时区topography 地形/ 地形学plain平原plateau / highland 高地lowland 低地basin盆地oasis绿洲enclave飞地peak 山峰cordillera / ranges 山脉carven / cave 洞穴terrain 地域subterranean 地底下coastland 沿海地区coastline 海岸线watershed 分水岭upper reaches 上游lower reaches 下游tributary 支流deposit沉积spring / fountain 泉水iceberg 冰山riverbed 河床gulf / bay 海湾waterfall 瀑布cascade 小瀑布；喷流reef 暗礁tide 湖水torrent 水的急流tropical rain forest 热带雨林continental island 大陆岛volcanic island 火山岛coral island 珊瑚岛islet 小岛peninsular半岛archipelago 群岛delta 三角洲landlocked area 内陆inland waterway 内陆河subcontinent 次大陆cliff 山崖valley 山谷hillside / mountain slope 山坡continental shelf 大陆架canyon / gorge 峡谷channel / strait 海峡remote-sensing 遥感的terrestrial 地球的/ 陆地的terrestrial heat / geothermal地热terrestrial magnetism 地磁continental drift 大陆漂移学说sea-floor spreading 海床扩展evaporation 蒸发salinity 含盐度ocean bottom 海床sediment 沉积物tropical 热带的temperate 温带的frigid 寒带的frost heaving 冻胀现象tundra 苔原，冻原fieldstone 卵石Mediterranean Sea地中海the primeval forest 原始森林Scandinavia 斯堪的纳维亚(半岛)(瑞典、挪威、丹麦、冰岛的泛称)fjord 峡湾coral reef 珊瑚礁Chalk 白垩纪cataclysm大洪水ridge 山脊；分水岭abyss深渊territory 版图；领土；地域Pyrenees 比利牛斯山脉Carpathians喀尔巴阡山脉Vesuvius 维苏威火山Pompeii 庞贝precipice 悬崖eon 世；纪；代glacier 冰河Pangaea 盘古大陆dune 沙丘Lagoon 咸水湖地质学crust 地壳mantle地幔core 地核continental crust大陆地壳oceanic crust 海洋地壳layer / stratum地层stratigraphy地层学fault断层fault plane断层面fault zone 断层带rift / crack / split断裂disintegration/decomposition 分解erosion 腐蚀fossil化石igneous rock火成岩sedimentary rock沉积岩metamorphic rock 变质岩limestone 石灰岩granite花岗岩marble大理石lithosphere岩石圈magma / molten lava岩浆quartz石英mineral矿物ore矿石deposit矿床rubble碎石debris 残骸platinum 白金/铂金silver银copper黄铜aluminum铝tin锡lead铅zinc锌nickel镍mercury 汞/水银sodium钠gem 宝石diamond 钻石emerald 绿宝石ruby红宝石glacier冰川glacial 冰川的glacial epoch / age / period冰川期glacial drift冰渍moraines 冰碛iceberg冰山volcano 火山active volcano 活火山extinct volcano 死火山dormant volcano休眠火山(sloping) shield volcano 盾状火山（平缓）(steep-sided) cone volcano锥状火山（陡峭）eruption 火山喷发crater 火山口caldera（开口较大）火山口depression洼地，凹陷处；盆地lava 火山岩浆volcanic dust 火山尘volcanic ash火山灰geyser 间歇喷泉hot spring 温泉earthquake / quake / tremor /seism 地震seismic地震的seismology 地震学magnitude 震级seismic intensity scale 震烈度seismic wave 地震波transverse wave 横波longitudinal wave 纵波epicenter 震中epicentral distance 震中距aftershock余震cataclysm灾变tsunami / tidal / force海啸undersea landslide 海底山崩melt global warming全球逐渐变暖aquifer 蓄水层swamp沼泽peat bog 泥炭沼泽Great Canyon 大峡谷Nile River尼罗河Colorado river 科罗拉多河crumples zones地质缓冲地带bedrock 岩床bulge凸起物考古学archaeology考古学paleontology古生物学anthropology人类学archaeologist人类学家pale-anthropologist 古人类学家ecological anthropologist生态人类学家psychological anthropologist 心理人类学家originate 起源于ancestor祖先hominid人（科）homogeneous同以种族（种类）的tribe部落clan氏族excavation挖掘excavate / unearth挖掘ruins 遗迹/废墟remains遗产/遗骸artifact手工艺品relic遗物/文物antique古物/古董antiquity古代/古老Stone Age石器时代Bronze Age 青铜器时代Iron Age铁器时代Paleolithic旧石器时代的Mesolithic中石器时代的Neolithic新石器时代的morphology 形态学skull颅骨cranial颅骨的fossil化石ancient civilization古代文明cave man山顶洞人cultural relics文物rock painting岩画建筑学architecture建筑学architect 建筑学家construct 结构wing辐楼/侧楼design设计elevator电梯skyscraper摩天大楼design element设计元素log structure原木结构cabin小木屋beam梁prototype 原型building technique 建筑工艺new material 新材料metal-frame金属结构repair person修理工planetarium天文馆aquarium水族馆archives档案馆officebuilding写字楼cathedral 大教堂mosque清真寺the statue of liberty 自由女神像the triumphal arch凯旋门sphinx狮身人面像pyramid 金字塔castle 城堡政治、经济学类subsistence存活，生活subsistence wage刚够养家糊口的工资subsistence level 收支平衡的生活水平kinship亲属关系，血缘关系commodity商品check支票；收据；账单bank loan银行贷款interest利息withdraw从银行账户中提款honor (cheque/bill/draft) 承兑a run on a bank 挤兑the Great Depression大萧条consumerism 消费主义（认为高消费对个人和社会有利的看法）；保护消费者权益主义affluence 富裕，富足sophisticated世故的，老练的；复杂的，尖端的教育学higher education高等教育moral character道德品质domain 领域faculty 全体教员alumni校友treasurer 生活委员/财务大臣elective system选课制度curriculum 课程（总称）discipline学科/管理learn by rote 死记硬背encyclopedias 百科全书/专科全书人物artist艺术家choreographer舞蹈编排家critic批评家satirist讽刺作家inventor发明家biographer自传作家sculptor雕塑家feminist女权主义者humanitarian人道主义者imagist意象派诗人philanthropist慈善家proprietor业主mortal犯人precursor先驱figurehead名誉领袖disciple学徒apprentice学徒mechanic机械工minimalist简单抽象派艺术家avant-garde 前卫派territory领域genre 风格/体裁eccentric古怪的odd怪诞的/奇数的erratic奇怪的weird怪异的/不可思议的romantic浪漫的innocent 天真的/无罪的lovelorn 相思病苦的emotional情绪的/情感的sentimental 感伤的/多愁善感的cheerless无精打采的/无生命力的patriarchal 家长的/族长的rigid僵化的spare简朴的clumsy笨拙的zigzag曲折的contemporary当代的acclaimed受欢迎的preeminent杰出的versatile（人）多才多艺的/（物）多功能的household 家庭的/家喻户晓的genuine真正的authentic 逼真的/原汁原味的symbolic象征性的immortal不朽的/神nostalgia怀旧主义/思乡emotive感人的prodigious巨大的classic经典的posthumous 死后的摄影photographer摄影家panorama全景照片snap shot快照developing 冲洗enlarge放大foreground前景background背景high definition高清晰度close-up特写out of focus调焦不准exposure 曝光instant camera拍立得camera lens相机镜头tripod 三脚架dark room 暗室wide angle lens广角镜头long focus lens 长镜头filter 滤色镜文学pose 散文diary日记autobiography传记editorial社论narrative prose叙述性descriptive prose描写性essay随笔poetry诗歌ballad民谣lullaby催眠曲fiction小说allegory寓言fairy tale童话legend传说proverb谚语model人物原型leading character主人公main plot主要情节prelude序曲prologue序言epilogue尾声literary criticism文学批评literary studies文学研究schools of literature 文学流派comparative literature比较文学realism现实主义surrealism 超现实主义futurism 未来主义modernism现代主义aestheticism唯美主义音乐musical instrument乐器orchestra（管弦）乐队shook rattle摇拨浪鼓pound drum击鼓foot beat跺脚note 音符score乐谱movement乐章fanatical狂热的hillbilly music乡村音乐folk music民间音乐pop music流行音乐classical music古典音乐Jazz爵士乐symphony交响乐rock and roll 摇滚乐band music / wind music管乐string弦乐violin小提琴viola中提琴cello大提琴harp 竖琴horn号；喇叭clarinet 单簧管oboe 双簧管keyboard instrument 键盘乐器percussion震荡/打击乐器vocal music 声乐concerto 协奏曲sonata 奏鸣曲serenade小夜曲solo独奏/独唱duet二重唱conducting指挥podium 指挥台accompaniment伴奏quality音质volume音量chord 和弦harmony 和声rest 休止time节拍lullaby 催眠曲prelude序曲epilogue 尾声美术（绘画和雕塑）fine arts 美术oil painting油画water color 水彩画tempera蛋彩画sketch速写/素描pastel 彩色蜡笔画poster海报/招贴画charcoal drawing 木炭画mural painting / fresco壁画engraving版画lithograph石板画landscape painting风景画still life静物画portrait肖像画caricature 漫画pigment颜色，色素canvas油画布brush画笔drawing board画板perspective 透视画法original原作copy临本reproduction / replica复制品genuine真的fake假的gallery美术馆autograph真迹panorama全景画calligraphy书法paste裱糊impressionistic style 印象派风格framing装框sculpture雕塑sculptor雕塑家figurine 小雕像bust半身雕塑像statue塑像unique唯一的/独特的animator漫画家saxophonist萨克斯风管吹奏者indigo靛蓝purple紫色。