1_汉译英概述及原则

c) 主－谓－宾
Cows give us milk (give milk to us).
to ask a favor of sb.
to ask sb. for a favor. d) 主－谓－宾－宾补(可由名词，形，副词，
动词不定式，分词，分词短语，介词短语 等构成) Thunder turns milk sour. 打雷使牛奶变酸。
There was an Englishman. He could not speak Chinese. He was once traveling in China. （baby English）
我懂英语，知道这就是我的本钱，可以和一位 钢琴家进行互助，我教他英语，他教我钢琴。
I knew my command of English was my asset, for I might make a deal with a pianist who would give me access to his piano in exchange for English lessons.
cultural progress
街道妇女 “Street women/girls/ladies--prostitutes” 我对他们都不喜欢。
I like none of them. 世界上绝没有你刚才所说的那么一本书
There is no such a book as you mentioned just now.
3) 译文应体现英语遣词造句的特点，同时 又应因文体而有变化。
a. 名词使用频率高，特别是含有动作性质的 抽象名词等，可以既包含丰富的信息又十分 简洁。
b. 被动形式使用率高，表现能力强。
c. 语法要求严，一般来说句子较长。
d. 介词、非谓语动词、形容词和独立结构非 常活跃。
3） “连贯意识” 了解英语句际衔接特点，能处处有意调节句式结构， 运用或增加合适的语篇衔接手段，使译文连贯，逻辑 明了。
In 1997 China’s total grain output reached 492.5 million tons, an increase of 50 million tons over that of 1992,representing a new stage in grain production.
Many warm-hearted neighbours came, but they could do nothing for her. So they turned to him for help, yet met with his refusal.（but without any result× ）
跑得了和尚，跑不了庙。
The monks may run away, but the temple may not with them
一个英国人，不会说中国话，有一次在中国旅行
An Englishman， who could not speak Chinese， was once travelling in China.
翻译工具箱
词典：《汉英大词典》

《新世纪汉英大词典》

《汉英科技大词典》
杂志：《中国翻译》 《中国科技翻译》

《上海科技翻译》 《英语世界》
报刊：《 21世纪报》 《北京周报》

《中国日报》 《今日中国》
网站 1、翻译人才网 http://cntranslators.com.cn 2、中国自由翻译人网 http://www.china-linguist.com/ 3、中国翻译网 www.chinatranslate.net 4、译林网 http://www.yilin.com/cn/ 5、中国译协网 www.tac-online.org.cn
Pursuing a policy of reform and opening to the outside world, China strives to become developed within a 50-70 year period.
China is now carrying out the policies of reform and opening to the outside world and will strive to become developed in 50 to 70 years.
While relying on our efforts, we should not close our doors.
孔子将他的一生概括为六个阶段，他的这种人生轨迹 对于我们现代人来说，仍有许多启迪意义。关键要看 我们如何汲取这种智慧，来使自己的人生更富有效率 和价值。
Confucius described his life as having six stages. His description of his journey through life still has a great deal of significance for us in the modern world today. The key is recognizing what he wants us to draw from this wisdom, to make our lives more effective and of greater value.
我们过了江，进了车站。我买票，他忙着照看行李。 （朱自清：背影）
译文一：
We entered the railway station after crossing the River. While I was at the booking office buying a ticket, father saw to my luggage.
汉英翻译的原则
… you cannot translate properly if the TL is not your language of habitual usage. ---Peter Newmark
“中国式”英语解决办法:阅读大量原作， 观察、揣摩、总结并模仿英语的特点、规 律和表达方法。
Absorbed in his walking, Old Shuan was startled when he saw the crossroad lying distantly ahead of him. He walked back a few steps to stand under the eaves of a shop in front of its closed door.
我认为他不够格。
I don’t think he is qualified. 人们来五台山，目的可不都是一样。 People do not come to Wutai Mountain with
one and the same purpose.
（一天，邻居王二婶不小心把钥匙锁在了家 里，）很多热心人都前来帮忙， 但都无济于 事。人们找到了他，但被他拒绝了。
百度文库
Unit 10 语序的变换 Unit 11 语态转换 Unit 12 翻译中视角的转移 Unit 13 篇章翻译（一） Unit 14 篇章翻译（二） Unit 15 篇章翻译（三） Unit 16 篇章翻译（四） Unit 17 篇章翻译（五） Unit 18 文化与汉英翻译
中国执行改革开放政策，争取在五十年到七十年间内发展 起来。
China pursues a policy of reform and opening to the outside world, striving to become developed within a 5070 year period.
三条原则：
1) 译文必须符合英语的语法：三种轴 心结构：
a. 主－系－表结构 (S+V+P) a) 人类在地球上已存在多久了？
How long has man been on earth? b) 牛奶变酸了。 Milk turns sour.
b. There be 结构 (表示存在有的概念， seem (appear) to be, seem, appear, stand, lie, get, become, arise, come)
Unit 1 汉译英概述
教学目标：在上学期学习英汉翻译的 基础上，初步了解汉译英的概况，了 解中国文化对汉译英的影响以及如何 使译文准确、通顺、流利等。
教学形式：教师讲授、学生讨论，课 后练习。
教学内容：
Unit 1 汉英翻译概述及原则 Unit 2 汉英对比与翻译（一） Unit 3 汉英对比与翻译（二） Unit 4 翻译中词义的选择 Unit 5 增词法和减词法 Unit 6 词类转换法 Unit 7 词语的翻译（一） Unit 8 词语的翻译（二） Unit 9 词语的翻译（三）
译文二：
We crossed the Yangtze and arrived at the station, where I bought a ticket while he saw to my luggage. （杨宪益、戴乃迭译）
练习：分句的主从
1997年粮食产量达到49250吨，比五年前增加 5000万吨，粮食生产上了一个新的台阶。
他发现前人研究地理的记载有很多不可靠的地方。
He found that there are many unreliable points in the geographic records kept by his predecessors.
老栓正在专心走路，忽然吃了一惊，远远地看见一条 丁字街，明明白白横着。他便退了几步，寻到一家关 了门的铺子，蹩进檐下，靠门停住了。 （鲁迅《药》
我们主要靠自己，同时不要闭关自守。（以下讲 国际合作。）
We should mainly rely on our own efforts while, simultaneously, we should not close our doors to international exchanges.
In 1997 China’s total output reached 492.5 million tons; this is an increase of 50 million tons over that of 1992,and it represents a new stage in grain production.
a) 计算机有点毛病。
There is something wrong with the computer.
b) 国民经济和国防事业的发展，对通信提出 了新的要求。
As our national economy and national defense develop, there arises a new demand for communications.
c) 从理论上讲，供应这么多水似乎不成问题
In theory there seems to be no problem in supplying this amount of water.
c. 主-谓-宾结构 (S+ V+O) a) 主－谓(主语＋不及物动词) Wheels turn. 车轮转动。 b) 主－谓－宾 Men turns wheels. 人们转动车轮
2) 译文必须符合英语的习惯表达（英语惯用法， 避免中国式英语）：
百闻不如一见。
Seeing is believing. 宣传 propaganda（少用，多含负面成分）political
propaganda；publicity多用，为中性词 精神文明 spiritual civilization (含宗教色彩) ethical and